Relevant bibliographies by topics / Plant spacing

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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  4. Book chapters
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Academic literature on the topic 'Plant spacing'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 26 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Plant spacing"

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Ali, M., F. U. Hasan, and M. Afzal. "Response of Linola (Linum usitatissimum L.) to Different Spacings under Rainfed Conditions." Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova 49, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cerce-2016-0017.

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Abstract An experiment was conducted according to randomized complete design to determine best plant spacing and agronomic traits at research farm PMAS Arid Agriculture University Research Farm Chakwal Road, Rawalpindi, during 2008-2009. Three plant spacing’s (5, 10, 15 cm) and three row spacing’s (10, 20, 30 cm) comprised of the following treatment combinations (T1= 5×10 cm, T2= 5×20 cm, T3= 5×30 cm, T4= 10×10 cm, T5= 10×20 cm, T6= 10×30 cm, T7= 15×10 cm, T8= 15×20 cm, T9=15×30 cm) under rain-fed conditions. The net plot size was 2×6 m with three replications. Days to emergence, plant height at maturity, number of branches per plant, number of capsules per plant, number of seed per capsule, 1000- seed weight, seed capsule ratio, seed yield per plot, biological yield, harvest index, oil concentration and fresh weight of weeds was observed. All agronomic attributes were significantly effected at 15×30 cm spacing, along with oil concentration and fresh weight of weeds, while 10×10 cm row to row and plant to plant spacing had no significant effect. Plant height (cm), number of capsules per plant was maximum for plant geometry of 15×30 cm and lesser amount of weeds. An increase in row and plant spacing led to significantly higher of branching. Higher plant and row spacing resulted in non- consistent increase in the number of seeds per capsule. Seed yield increased with higher row to row and plant to plant spacings. Yield were lower at the narrow (10×10 cm) row and plant spacing’s, compared to higher of 15×30 cm spacing. Thus, it is concluded from this study that Linola should be grown at 300-450 cm grids for higher yield output.
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Walters, S. Alan, and Jonathan R. Schultheis. "Effect of In-row Plant Spacing on Yield of `Beauregard' Sweetpotato." HortScience 33, no. 3 (June 1998): 536b—536. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.3.536b.

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Several in-row plant spacings (15, 23, 31, and 38 cm) of `Beauregard' sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L) Lam.] were evaluated to determine which spacing produced higher yields under North Carolina growing conditions.The 15 cm spacing (the closest spacing evaluated) gave the highest root yields.With closer plant spacings, the yields of No. 1 grade roots increased compared to wider plant spacings.The No. 1 grade is the most desired and gives the grower the greatest monetary return.Jumbo grade root production increased with wider plant spacings due to less plant-to-plant competition compared to those at closer spacings.In most cases, the widest spacing tested for `Beauregard' (38 cm) produced lower yields (except for jumbo grade yields) to the other spacings tested.
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Scott, W. D., and E. T. Maynard. "531 PB 005 PLANT POPULATION AFFECTS THE YIELD AND FRUIT SIZE OF `SUPERSTAR' MUSKMELON." HortScience 29, no. 5 (May 1994): 507d—507. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.507d.

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Muskmelons (Cucumis melo L. cv. Superstar) were grown at two between-row spacings (1.5 m or 2.1 m) and four in-row spacings (0.6, 0.9, 1.2, or 1.5 m), corresponding to populations from 3074 to 10763 plants ha-1, to determine the influence of row spacing and population on melon growth and yield. The study was conducted at two sites in 1993, one in northern and one in southern Indiana. Numbers of flowers and early season vine growth were not significantly different between treatments. In southern Indiana, the number of fruit harvested per plot increased as in-row spacing decreased; means ranged from 5.2 fruit plot-1 for 0.6 m in-row spacing, to 4.7 fruit for 0.9 m in-row spacing, 3.9 fruit for 1.2 m in-row spacing, and 3.3 fruit for 1.5 m in-row spacing. Harvests were significantly earlier for the 0.6 m in-row spacing. Mean melon weight was significantly greater for 1.5 m in-row spacing, averaging 4.1 kg, compared to 3.8, 3.7, and 3.7 kg for 0.6, 0.9, and 1.2 m in-row spacings, respectively. Between-row spacing did not affect number or weight of melons. There were no significant interactions between in-row and between-row spacings.
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Motsenbocker, Carl E. "In-row Plant Spacing Affects Growth and Yield of Pepperoncini Pepper." HortScience 31, no. 2 (April 1996): 198–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.2.198.

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Pepperoncini pepper (Capsicum annuum var. annuum L. `Golden Greek') was grown at in-row spacings of 7.5, 15, 22.5, 30, and 45 cm to determine the effect of plant population on growth and fruit yield in a 2-year field study. In 1992, pepper plants grown at the 15-cm in-row spacing had the lowest plant, stem, and leaf dry weights, while plants at the lowest density (45-cm spacing) had the highest plant, leaf, and stem dry weights and the largest leaf area (LA). Of plants grown at the 7.5-cm spacing, the total yield and fruit count per hectare were higher than at the other spacings; however, fruit yield per plant was lowest. In 1993, the lowest plant and leaf dry weights and LA and highest LA index (LAI) were from plants at the 7.5-cm in-row spacing. Plants at the 45-cm spacing had the highest plant and leaf dry weight and LA and the lowest LAI. Pepper plants grown at the narrowest spacing produced the lowest early and total fruit yield per plant but the most fruit per hectare. In general, plants grown at the narrowest spacings produced the smallest plant, leaf, and stem biomass but resulted in the highest fruit yields and counts per hectare and the lowest fruit yields per plant.
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Kumar, Ashwani, and Kulwant Sharma. "Effect of Organic Manures, Azotobacter and Spacing on Yield of Solanum nigrum L." Journal of Non Timber Forest Products 22, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 133–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps2000-2015-6k8fwt.

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The present investigation on effect of organic manures, Azotobacter and spacing on yield of Solanum nigrum L. was carried out. Seven different treatments with three spacings were studied to observe the impact of these treatments on yield parameters. Overall, treatment of Vermicompost + Azotobacter combination at S3 (45x45 cm) spacing gave maximum seed yield/plant, fresh above ground biomass per plant, fresh root biomass per plant, dry above ground biomass per plant, dry root biomass per plant as compared to other treatments at different spacings. Maximum value for yield parameters viz. total fresh biomass yield and total dry biomass yield/ha were recorded in treatment of Vermicompost + Azotobacter combination at with 30 x 30 cm spacing. The yield decreased with the further increase in spacing.
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Oliveira, Mariana Alves de, Claudemir Zucareli, André Prechlak Barbosa, Leandro Teodoski Spolaor, Lucas Henrique Fantin, Luiz Henrique Pricinotto, and Carmen Silvia Vieira Janeiro Neves. "Trinexapac-ethyl application time in the crop corn agronomic performance grown under different plant arrangements." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 43, no. 2 (February 25, 2022): 809–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2022v43n2p809.

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Reduced row spacing promotes more uniform spatial distribution of plants in the field. However, the adoption of reduced row spacing only is possible with smaller plants, which may be obtained with the use of plant growth regulator. This study aimed to evaluate the agronomic performance of the first corn crop with Trinexapac-ethyl applied at the different plant development stages and grown under different row spacing, with the same plant population. The experiments were arranged in a split-plot randomized block design with four replications, with row spacing for the plots (0.45 and 0.90 m) and Trinexapac-ethyl (TE) application time to subplots (control without application, at the V3, V6, V9 and V12 phenological stages). The Trinexapacethyl application time interacted with row spacings changing the growth and yield performance of the corn crop. For 0.45 m spacing Trinexapac-ethyl application at V12 and for 0.90 m spacing application at V9 and V12 reduced plant height and ear height. Trinexapac-ethyl application at V9 for both row spacings changed the plant architecture without changing the ear length and grain yield.
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Peachey, Ed, Robin L. Ludy, Mary L. Powelson, and Daniel M. McGrath. "Modification of Plant Arrangement Suppresses White Mold of Snap Beans." HortScience 41, no. 5 (August 2006): 1298–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.5.1298.

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Field studies were conducted in 1999 and 2001 in western Oregon to determine the effect of between-row spacing on severity of white mold (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) in snap beans. Planting density was held constant at 445,000 plants ha–1 and between-row spacing ranged from 19 to 150 cm. Disease severity and pod rot were greatest in both years of study at the 19-cm between-row spacing and declined linearly as between-row widths increased. Severity of disease in 1999 was 24%, 41%, and 88% lower at the 38-, 75-, and 150-cm between-row spacings, respectively, than at the 19-cm row spacing. In 2001, disease severity was 11%, 25%, 34%, and 51% less at the between-row widths of 38, 75, 114, and 150 cm, respectively, than at the 19-cm row spacing. Incidence of pod rot declined by 0.24% and 0.64% for each 10-cm increase in between-row width in 1999 and 2001, respectively. The fungicide vinclozolin effectively suppressed pod rot in both years at all between-row spacings. Pod yield was not influenced by between-row spacings of 19 to 114 cm, but yield was significantly lower at the between-row spacings of 150 cm. Increasing the between-row width of snap bean rows may be an effective disease management tactic to suppress white mold when fungicides are not applied or if efficacious fungicides are not available.
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Motsenbocker, Carl E., and Ramon A. Arancibia. "In-row Spacing Influences Triploid Watermelon Yield and Crop Value." HortTechnology 12, no. 3 (January 2002): 437–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.12.3.437.

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Triploid watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), commonly called seedless watermelon, is increasing in popularity and market share. The optimum in-row spacing of triploid watermelon has not been studied previously. Triploid watermelon `Crimson Jewel' and `Honeyheart' were grown with drip-irrigation and black plastic mulch at 1-, 2-, 4-, 6-, and 8-ft (0.3-, 0.6-, 1.2-, 1.8-, and 2.4-m) in-row spacings in 1996 and 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7-, and 8-ft. (0.6-, 0.9-, 1.2-, 1.5-, 1.8-, 2.1-, and 2.4-m) spacings in 1997 to determine the effect of in-row plant spacing on fruit yield. Marketable yield of `Crimson Jewel' was not affected by in-row spacing while narrower in-row spacing resulted in greater `Honeyheart' yield both years. For both cultivars, narrower spacing resulted in the highest number of fruit per acre, but primarily more extrasmall and small fruit. Fruit number per plant, fruit weight per plant, and individual fruit weight were higher at wider spacings, and yield per acre was lower. The data suggest that triploid watermelon yield, fruit weight and number can be adjusted by in-row spacing. Narrower in-row spacing can maximize yields, depending on the specific grower's cultural practices. In wider in-row spacings, the yield of medium and large fruit is maintained with a subsequent decrease in extra small and small fruit. Gross returns per acre were only different for farmers' market prices, not wholesale, and net returns were not significantly influenced by in-row spacing.
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Koirala, Saurabha, Akash Dhakal, Dhiraj Niraula, Sampurna Bartaula, Urbashi Panthi, and Mohan Mahato. "Effects of row spacings and varieties on grain yield and economics of maize." Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources 3, no. 1 (January 8, 2020): 209–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/janr.v3i1.27174.

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Maize is the second most important crop of Nepal. The yield of the crop is low due to lack of appropriate plant density for the varieties. The field experiment was carried out to study the effect of different row spacings on different maize varieties at Deupur, Lamahi municipality of the dang district in province No. 5, Nepal during the rainy season from June to September, 2018. Four levels of spacings (boardcasting and three row spacings of 45, 60 and 75 cm) and two maize varieties (Rampur Composite and Arun-2) were evaluated using randomized complete block design with three replications. The highest grain yield was found in Rampur Composite and Arun-2 while they were planted with row spacing of 60 cm with plant to plant spacing of 25 cm. The highest grain yield, cob length, cob circumference, number of rows per cob, thousand grain weight were reported when maize was planted in the row spacing 60×25cm. Among the maize varieties, Rampur Composite produced the highest grain yield, cob length, cob circumference, number of rows per cob as compared to Arun-2. This study suggested that maize production can be maximized by cultivating maize varieties with row spacing of 60 cm with plant to plant spacing of 25 cm.
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Decoteau, Dennis R., and Heather A. Hatt Graham. "Plant Spatial Arrangement Affects Growth, Yield, and Pod Distribution of Cayenne Peppers." HortScience 29, no. 3 (March 1994): 149–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.3.149.

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The effect of planting population density (as a function of in-row plant spacing and number of rows per bed) on the growth, yield, and pod distribution of cayenne pepper (Capsicum annuum var. annuum L. cv. Carolina Cayenne) was investigated in a 2-year study. In 1988, 15 -, 30-, 45-, and 60-cm in-row spacings in a single row were evaluated, and in 198915 -,30-, and 60-cm in-row spacings in single and double rows were evaluated. Plant population densities at these respective spacings ranged from≈ 11,100 to 44,400 and 11,100 to 88,900 plants/ha. In 1988, pepper plants grown at the highest density (15-cm in-row spacing, 44,400 plant/ha) produced less fruit per plant but more fruit per hectare than those grown in lower densities. In 1989, yields with either a 15-cm in-row spacing in a single row or a 30-cm in-row spacing in double rows (both with 44,400 plants/ha) were higher than in the others. In general, less fruit were located in the lower part of the plant canopy when planted in higher plant population densities.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Plant spacing"

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Iglesias, Maria Claudia. "Spacial patterns of the genders in Dioecius plant species." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=65458.

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Holmes, Robert Duane. "Neighbor interactions among herbaceous plants in a perennial grassland." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184376.

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Individual clumps of the perennial grass Bouteloua gracilis from which 25% or 75% of neighbors had been removed to a radius of 50 cm displayed significantly higher biomass production over one summer than did control plants. Neighbor removal also resulted in increased tiller production and flowering as compared to control plants. These results clearly demonstrate the importance of competition to B. gracilis in this system. In contrast, significant differences in predawn leaf water potential were found on only two of four sampling dates during the growing season. On the driest sampling date, increased variability in leaf water potential within treatments obscured the effect of treatment, even though the difference in mean leaf water potential between 75% removal and control treatments (0.35 MPa) was quite high. On the wettest sampling date, all plants appeared well-hydrated, and there was only negligible difference among treatments. In a second study, I examined the effect of near neighbors on the fecundity of an annual herb, Machaeranthera tanacetifolia (Asteraceae). Fecundity was negatively related to the number of neighbors within a biologically meaningful neighborhood radius for both conspecific neighbors and grass neighbors in 1984, and for grass neighbors in 1985. However, in no case did neighbors explain more than 6% of the variance in fecundity of M. tanacetifolia, and most plants produced few or no seeds regardless of the number of neighbors. I present a simple graphical model in which competition from neighbors serves as a necessary but not sufficient condition for high fecundity; other factors must also be favorable if a plant is to be successful. Application of this model to my data revealed that the amount of area occupied by neighbors had an important effect on fecundity for the subset of the population for which other conditions were inferred to be most favorable. As other conditions became less favorable, neighbors became less relevant to fecundity. I then discuss these results in terms of a general model of the interacting effects of competition and other factors, and distinguish four possible classes of outcome.
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Kgasago, Hans. "Effect of planting dates and densities on yield and yield components of short and ultra-short growth period of maize (Zea mays L.)." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09202007-163045.

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Schmitz, Peder. "Soybean Seeding Rate and Row Spacing Effects on Plant Establishment and Yield." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29226.

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North Dakota soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] management varies across the state, resulting in yield differences. Eight soybean seeding rates (starting at 197600 and increasing by 49400 live seed ha-1 increments) and row spacing (30 and 61 cm) were evaluated in 15 North Dakota environments in 2017-2018 to determine plant densities, seed yield, and plant loss, which were compared with soybean producer field data. Planting 30 cm row spacing yielded 183 kg ha-1 greater than 61 cm row spacing. On farm, maximum yields occurred at 414000 live seed ha-1 and final plant densities of 352000 plants ha-1. In research plots, 494000 live seed ha-1 had the highest yield. On farm, 8.9% plant loss occurred after plant establishment while research data observed 6.9% plant loss. North Dakota soybean producers should use narrow row spacing, use final plant density to estimate yields, and 444600 live seed ha-1 provided the highest net revenue.
North Central Soybean Research Program
North Dakota Soybean Council
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Delaney, Dennis Patrick Monks C. Dale. "Management of Ultra Narrow Row Cotton." Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2006%20Summer/Dissertations/DELANEY_DENNIS_10.pdf.

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Ballard, Todd Curtis. "Mathematical Models of Zea mays: Grain Yield and Aboveground Biomass Applied to Ear Flex and within Row Spacing Variability." TopSCHOLAR®, 2008. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/41.

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Field studies were conducted during the summers of 2007 and 2008 at the Agricultural Research and Education Complex, Western Kentucky University, Warren County, KY and commercial production fields in Caldwell County, KY, Warrick County IN, and Vanderburgh County, IN. The goals of these studies were to further validate the Duncan grain yield model, the Russell aboveground biomass model, and to study the effect of inconsistent spacing within rows on Zea mays L. yield. Plant spacing other than uniform decreases grain yield and profitability. The population experiments conducted at the Warren County location were a randomized complete block design with three planting densities, three varieties (c.v. DeKalb DKC6547, DeKalb DKC6346, DeKalb DKC6478) in 2007 and (DeKalb DKC6478, DeKalb DKC6342, and DeKalb DKC6544) in 2008, and three replications. Seeds were planted in rows 76 cm apart and 9.1 m long with four rows per plot in a no-till system on a Crider Silt Loam with pH of 6.8 and 1.5% organic matter. The effect of variable within row spacing was evaluated in commercial production fields by randomly selecting five adjacent rows of 5.3 meters in length at each location. Grain yield for each row was then curve fitted both linearly and exponentially. Minimizing interspecies competition was essential to evaluating the effects of competition within Zea mays L. A burn-down application of 2,4-D and glyphosate was used prior to planting. The most common weeds in the plots were Sorghum halepense L. (johnsongrass), Trifolium repens L. (white clover), and Taraxacum officinale L. (common dandelion) . Glyphosate was reapplied throughout the growing season due to reemergence of S. halepense and Ipomoea hederacea Jacq. (ivyleaf morningglory). The weight of each ear was recorded and one row from each plot was randomly selected to shell. The moisture content was measured from a subsample twice each row using an electrical conductivity moisture meter. The mean of the two moisture readings was used as the moisture content from the plot. Cob weights from shelled ears were recorded to determine the grain/cob mass ratio. This ratio was used to project the grain weight for the remaining harvested rows. Duncan’s grain yield model and Russell’s biomass model were curve fitted to the data for areas of 0.00040 hectares at the p < 0.05 significance level or greater in all population density plots. Individual plant grain masses were curve fitted to Duncan’s model with p < 0.05 significance in 3 out of 15 plots. Grain mass was negatively correlated (R < 0) with standard deviation of within row spacing in 14 of 15 plots. A linear fit to this trend was significant in only 2 of 15 plots. The Duncan yield curve and the Russell aboveground biomass model fit all 6 genotype by environment interactions for 2007 and 2008 to the α = 0.05 level of confidence when evaluated over a 5.3 meter length on 76.2 cm wide rows. Individual plants fit linearly at α = 0.05 in 9 out of 15 plots. Individual plants fit the Duncan yield curve at α = 0.05 in 4 out of 15 plots. Standard deviation of within row spacing fit grain yield loss significantly at &#; = 0.05 in two of 15 plots. The individual plant spacing and local population density collectively fit nine plots significantly at α = 0.05 or better.
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Brachtvogel, Elizeu Luiz [UNESP]. "Densidades e arranjos populacionais de milho e componentes agronômicos." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86346.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
A otimização da exploração dos recursos do ambiente é necessária para a maximização do rendimento do milho. Dentre os fatores que interferem na resposta ao ambiente está o arranjo de plantas, compreendido pelo arranjo espacial e área ocupada pela planta de milho, interagindo diretamente sobre a competição intraespecífica por fatores do meio. Desta forma, a hipótese desse trabalho é de que o arranjo espacial eqüidistante entre plantas de milho diminua os efeitos da competição intraespecífica principalmente em altas densidades, com conseqüente aumento da produtividade. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho é comparar as formas de distribuição espacial de plantas eqüidistante e o espaçamento de 0,80 metro na entrelinha, preconizado como o convencionalmente utilizado, em populações de 30000, 45000, 60000, 75000, 90000, 105000 plantas ha-1. O ensaio foi conduzido em área de Nitossolo Vermelho distroférrico, de textura argilosa situada na Fazenda Experimental Lageado, da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas da UNESP/Campus de Botucatu, na safra 2007/2008. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 2 X 6 (quatro repetições), em parcelas de 4,5 x 10 metros. Foram avaliados altura das plantas, altura de inserção de espiga, relação entre altura da espiga e altura da planta e diâmetro do colmo em pleno florescimento; índice de área foliar no florescimento e na maturidade fisiológica, índice de persistência e senescência foliar, produção de massa de matéria seca por planta e por área no florescimento e na maturidade fisiológica, índice de remobilização, índice de colheita, comprimento de espiga, diâmetros de espiga e do sabugo, comprimento do grão, número de fileiras, massa de mil grãos, massa de grãos por espiga, índice de espiga, estimativa do número de espigas e grãos por hectare, população de plantas...
The maximization of environmental resources exploration is necessary to maximize maize grain yield. Among the factors that interfere in response to the environment is the plant arrangement, understood by spatial arrangement and occupied area by the maize plant, interacting on the intraspecific competition by factors of the environment. Thus, the hypothesis of this work is that the equidistant plant spacing between maize plants can reduce the effects of intraspecific competition mainly at high densities, aiming improvement of maize grain yield. The objective of this essay was to compare the equidistant plant spacing and 0.80 m row width, in populations of 30000, 45000, 60000, 75000, 90000, 105000 plants ha-1. The essay was located in a clay red alfisol area, in the Experimental Lageado Farm of the Agronomic Science College, UNESP-Botucatu-SP, in 2007/2008 growing season. The experimental design was a randomized block in four replications, in 4.5 x 10 m plots. It was evaluated plant and ear height, the relationship between ear and plant height and stem diameter at the flowering; leaf area index at the flowering and physiological maturity, leaf persistence and leaf senescence index, dry matter production per plant and per area at physiological maturity, steam remobilization index, harvest index, ear length, ear and cob diameter, grain length, number of grain rows, a thousand grains weight, grain weight per ear, ear index, ear and grain number per hectare, final plant population, percentage of stalk lodged plants, grain yield, as well the correlations between source and sink characteristics with yield. All parameters evaluated were affected by plant densities, except the mobilization and harvesting index. The spatial arrangements affected the relationship between ear and plant... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Ferrufino, Miranda José. "Evaluation of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) at different spacings between furrows and plants in the Mamani community." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2003. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5360.

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This study addressed spacing between furrows and plants in the cultivation of the quinoa variety Patacamaya. This study took place from 1999 to 2000 in the Mamani community, Ingavi, La Paz, Bolivia. The Patacamaya variety is a cross between Samaranti (sweet) and Kaslala (bitter), with a vegetative cycle of 145 days (semi-early). It has large grains, is sweet, and has a high grain yield. The spaces between furrows were 40, 60, and 80 cm in an experimental design of randomly divided plots with four repetitions. The spaces between furrows were implemented in large plots and the plant spaces as sub-treatments in small plots. The results showed that the height of the plants were similar in all treatments except for T1 that was 35% lower compared with the other treatments. The highest grain yields occurred in treatment T6 with a value of 2,708.5 kg/ha, followed by T1 and T11. The lowest grain yields occurred in treatments T15, T10, and T5 with values of 1,124.3, 1561.4, and 1653.3 kg/ha, respectively.
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Ferrari, Samuel [UNESP]. "Desenvolvimento e produção do algodoeiro em função de espaçamentos e aplicação de regulador de crescimento." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98848.

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O cultivo do algodoeiro passou de uma cultura de pequenos e médios produtores para uma realidade alicerçada em um modelo de produção em escala, caracterizado por altas produtividades e intenso uso de insumos e mecanização. Essa mudança ocasionou uma série de alternativas nas técnicas de cultivo, sendo crescente a indagação sobre alternativas às recomendações tradicionais sobre os vários tratos culturais e práticas agronômicas tais como época de semeadura, espaçamentos, densidade de plantas e emprego de reguladores de crescimento. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência de diferentes espaçamentos de cultivo e aplicação ou não de regulador de crescimento sobre o desenvolvimento, acúmulo de nutrientes e produtividade do algodoeiro em região de Cerrado. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 3x3 com 9 tratamentos e 4 repetições, constituído por três espaçamentos: 0,45m, 0,70m e 0,90m entre linhas; Aplicação de cloreto de mepiquat na dose de 1,0 L ha-1 : a- aplicação parcelada em quatro etapas, b- aplicação única aos 70 dias após a emergência e c- sem a aplicação do regulador. Foi utilizada a cultivar de algodão Deltaopal. O experimento foi instalado no município de Selvíria (MS), na Fazenda de Ensino e Pesquisa da Unesp...
The cotton crop had changed the status of production from small to large scale, characterized by high yields and intensive use of fertilizers, agrochemicals and mechanization. That change caused a series of alternatives in the cultivation techniques, being growing the inquiry on alternatives to the traditional recommendations on the several cultural treatments and such agronomic practices as sowing time, spacings, density of plants and use of growth regulators. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different row spacings in the cotton crop, with or without growth regulator and its effects in the development, nutrient uptake and yield in the Cerrado zone. The experimental design was the completely blocks in a factorial scheme 3x3 with 4 replications, with three row spacings: 0.45m, 0.70m and 0.90m; Application of mepiquat chloride using the dose of 1 L ha-1: a- split application in four stages, b- single application at 70 d.a.e and c-without application of the regulator. Was utilized the Deltaopal cotton cultivar. The trial was installed in the city of Selvíria (MS) out at the experimental farm of the Sao Paulo State University - Ilha Solteira Campus, in November of 2005 and the harvest realized in April of 2006... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Clarke, C. Taylor. "Flue-cured tobacco : alternative management systems /." Thesis, This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-02132009-171607/.

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Books on the topic "Plant spacing"

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Handler, Mette M. Et planteafstandsforsøg med gran, Picea abies (L.) Karst: Forsøg 626/627, Spikkestad = Spacing experiment with Norway spruce, Picea abies (L.) Karst. : experiment 626/627, Spikkestad. Ås: Norsk institutt for skogforskning, 1990.

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Knox, J. A method of variable spacing for controlled plant growth systems in spaceflight and terrestrial agriculture applications. Moffett Field, Calif: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, 1986.

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Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet. Institutionen för växtodlingslära, ed. Competition in stands of short-lived plants: Density effects measured in three-component stands. Uppsala: Dept. of Crop Production Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 1988.

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Legal daisy spacing: The Build-a Planet manual of official world improvements. New York: Random House, 1985.

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Damme, Laird Van. To conduct operational trials of thinning methods for small diameter stands. [Ontario]: Forest Resource Development Agreement, 1988.

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Kennedy, Harvey E. Effects of seedbed density and row spacing on growth and nutrient concentrations of nuttall oak and green ash seedlings. [New Orleans, La.] (701 Loyola Ave., New Orleans 70113): U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Forest Experiment Station, 1988.

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Fischer, Hagen S. Simulation der räumlichen Verteilung von Pflanzengesellschaften auf der Basis von Standortskarten. Dargestellt am Beispiel des MaB-Testgebiets Davos =: Simulation of the spacial distribution of plant communities based on maps of site factors. Investigated in the MaB test site Davos. Zürich: Geobotanisches Institut der ETH, Stiftung Rübel, 1994.

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Krahulec, F. Spatial Processes in Plant Communities. Balogh Scientific Books, 1991.

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Squared Euclidean distance: A statistical test to evaluate plant community change. Berkeley, Calif. (P.O. Box 245, Berkeley 94701): U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, 1993.

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Spatial processes in plant communities: Proceedings of the workshop held in Liblice, 18-22 September 1989. SPB Academic Pub, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Plant spacing"

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Smith, William D., and Michael R. Strub. "Initial Spacing: How Many Trees To Plant." In Forest Regeneration Manual, 281–89. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3800-0_15.

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Heitholt, J. J., and G. F. Sassenrath-Cole. "Inter-Plant Competition: Growth Responses to Plant Density and Row Spacing." In Physiology of Cotton, 179–86. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3195-2_17.

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Meah, Md Bahadur. "Effect of Nitrogen and Plant Spacing on Bacterial Leaf Blight of Rice." In Plant Pathogenic Bacteria, 950–54. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3555-6_204.

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Dole, John M. "Specialty cuts." In Cut flowers and foliages, 191–223. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247602.0004.

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Abstract This chapter provides information on the impact of the production environment (greenhouse, tunnel and field), site selection, production and support systems, plant establishment, spacing, irrigation and weed control on the cultivation of specialty cut flowers.
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Easton, D. "Corn Population and Plant Spacing Variability: The Next Mapping Layer." In Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Precision Agriculture, 723–27. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/1996.precisionagproc3.c86.

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Brilhador, Anderson, Daniel A. Serrarens, and Fabrício M. Lopes. "A Computer Vision Approach for Automatic Measurement of the Inter-plant Spacing." In Progress in Pattern Recognition, Image Analysis, Computer Vision, and Applications, 219–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25751-8_27.

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Egli, Dennis B. "Crop management: principles and practices." In Applied crop physiology: understanding the fundamentals of grain crop management, 89–123. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245950.0004.

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Abstract This chapter discusses planting-seed quality, variety selection, plant population, planting date and row spacing. The goal of crop management is to create the perfect environment for the growth of the crop, where the perfect environment is characterized by the absence of stress or other factors that reduce crop growth and yield. This goal may be impossible or uneconomical to achieve, but that does not detract from its usefulness as a goal. The management practices discussed in this chapter are fundamental components of grain production systems that contribute to reaching the goal of the perfect environment. There are many management options available to an individual producer; selecting the best combination is not always easy and it may be constrained by factors outside the realm of the physiological processes controlling crop yield.
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Hamzah, Amir, Rossyda Priyadarshini, and Astuti. "The Use of Humic Acid-Coated Biochar (Bicomat) and Plant Spacing on Paddy Plant Production and the Reduction of Heavy Metal Content." In Advances in Biological Sciences Research, 29–37. Dordrecht: Atlantis Press International BV, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-168-5_5.

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Chakraborty, D. P., N. R. Maslen, and J. Holt. "Effects of Nitrogenous Fertilizer, Insecticides and Plant Spacing on Insect Pests and Yields of Flooded Rice in Eastern India." In Pest Management in Rice, 167–76. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0775-1_13.

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Tracy, Paul W., and W. P. Sappenfield. "The Influence of Irrigation, Row Spacing and Plant Growth Regulators on Nitrogen Management in Short Season Cotton, 1987-1989." In Nitrogen Nutrition of Cotton: Practical Issues, 107–13. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/1990.nitrogennutritionofcotton.c13.

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Conference papers on the topic "Plant spacing"

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"Isolating Corn Plant Spacing Variability." In 2015 ASABE International Meeting. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.20152115668.

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Igo, John, and Charles E. Andraka. "Solar Dish Field System Model for Spacing Optimization." In ASME 2007 Energy Sustainability Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2007-36154.

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Dish Stirling power generation systems have been identified by DOE, Sandia National Laboratories, and Stirling Energy Systems (SES) as having the capability of delivering utility-scale renewable energy to the nation’s electrical grid. SES has proposed large plants, 20,000 units or more (0.5 GW rated power) in one place, in order to rapidly ramp up production automation. With the large capital investment needed in such a plant it becomes critical to optimize the system at the field level, as well as at the individual unit level. In this new software model, we provide a tool that predicts the annual and monthly energy performance of a field of dishes, in particular taking into account the impact of dish-to-dish shading on the energy and revenue streams. The Excel-based model goes beyond prior models in that it incorporates the true dish shape (flexible to accommodate many dish designs), multiple-row shading, and a revenue stream model that incorporates time-of-day and time-of-year pricing. This last feature is critical to understanding key shading tradeoffs on a financial basis. The model uses TMY or 15-minute meteorological data for the selected location. It can incorporate local ground slope across the plant, as well as stagger between the rows of dish systems. It also incorporates field-edge effects, which can be significant on smaller plants. It also incorporates factors for measured degraded performance due to shading. This tool provides one aspect of the decision process for fielding many systems, and must be combined with land costs, copper layout and costs, and O&M predictions (driving distance issues) in order to optimize the loss of power due to shading against the added expense of a larger spatial array. Considering only the energy and revenue stream, the model indicates that a rectangular, unstaggered field layout maximizes field performance. We also found that recognizing and accounting for true performance degradation due to shading significantly impacts plant production, compared with prior modeling attempts.
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Qingsen, Zhao, Liang Junqin, Zhou Shuai, Chen Jie, Zeng Weipeng, and Zhang Qiang. "Research on Spacing Design Method of Condenser Half-Side Operation in Pressurized Water Reactor Nuclear Power Plant." In 2022 29th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone29-93265.

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Abstract The condenser of Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) nuclear power plant in China has many cooling tube leakage events, resulting in serious safety impact and economic loss. One of the main reasons is the fluidelastic instability caused by the large support plate spacing in half side operation. The corresponding calculation model is not given in the design specifications. Combined with the basic theory of cooling pipe vibration and comprehensively comparing different support plate spacing design and calculation methods, the mathematical model used in support plate spacing calculation in Heat Exchange Institute (HEI) standards is deduced. On this basis, the support plate spacing calculation model of condenser half side operation in PWR nuclear power plant is proposed. Based on a pressurized water reactor nuclear power project, the calculation and verification are carried out under four working conditions: Turbine Maximum Continuous Rating condition (TMCR), Winter Continuous Rating condition (WCR), Winter condenser half side operation condition (WHS) and Winter load shedding condition (WLS). In this project, the support plate spacing under winter condenser half side operation condition was 663.67mm, which is the most dangerous working condition under four working conditions. It is suggested that the final conservative support plate spacing should be determined according to the most stringent working conditions in the condenser support plate spacing design of nuclear power plant. Using the evaluation models of Alstom and Westhouse, the condenser support plate spacing of the PWR nuclear power plant project is checked and verified. The support plate spacing obtained by the mathematical model is relatively conservative and safe. The physical meaning of this method is clear and easy to use. It has certain guiding significance for the support plate spacing design of condensers in PWR nuclear power plants in China.
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Lie Tang and Lei Tian. "Machine Vision for Automated Corn Plant Spacing, Growth Stage and Population Measurements - Part II: Plant Identification." In 2002 Chicago, IL July 28-31, 2002. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.9379.

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Wang, Chuanyu, Xinyu Guo, and Chunjiang Zhao. "Detection of Corn Plant Population and Row Spacing Using Computer Vision." In 2011 Second International Conference on Digital Manufacturing and Automation (ICDMA). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icdma.2011.106.

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Yong Chen, Xiaojun Jin, Lie Tang, Jun Che, Yanxia Sun, and Jun Chen. "Intra-row weed recognition using plant spacing information in stereo images." In 2013 Kansas City, Missouri, July 21 - July 24, 2013. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.20131592292.

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Joshi, Kapil, Brinchi Bora, Sanjeev Mishra, Mahendra Lalwani, and Sanjay Kumar. "SPV Plant Performance Analysis for Optimized Inter-Row Spacing and Module Mounting Structure." In 2019 International Conference on Issues and Challenges in Intelligent Computing Techniques (ICICT). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icict46931.2019.8977660.

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Marcel van der Veeken, Lie Tang, and Jan Willem Hofstee. "Automated Corn Plant Spacing Measurement at Early Growth Stages Using Active Computer Vision." In 2006 Portland, Oregon, July 9-12, 2006. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.20872.

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Zamiusskaya, E., V. Koza, and Tat'yana Kramareva. "CONDITION OF FIELD PROTECTIVE STRIPS IN CONDITIONS OF STEPPE ZONE OF VORONEZH REGION." In Modern problems of animal and plant ecology. FSBE Institution of Higher Education Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/mpeapw2021_15-19.

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The paper presents the results of studies of protective strips located in the Voronezh region in the Rossoshansky district. The characteristic of biometric data of forest belts of the same age and their dependence on the density of planting, width of strips and row spacing is given. The comparison of the soil, its impact on the growth and development of trees is displayed. The influence of the design of protective forest stands on the temperature of the surface air layer is also shown. The state of the plantings and the factors that adversely affect it are determined: the lack of care measures, deforestation, clutter and the presence of a large number of diseases and pests.
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Enwete, F. E., P. A. Dele, O. L. Aiyesa, O. I. Awoola, C. C. Anotaenwere, J. I. Akinyode, T. A. Amole, and O. S. Onifade. "In Vitro Digestibility and Methane Production of Two Tropical Grasses: Plant Spacing and Grazing Frequency." In XXV International Grassland Congress. Berea, KY 40403: International Grassland Congress 2023, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52202/071171-0119.

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Reports on the topic "Plant spacing"

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Pecinovsky, Kenneth T., Garren O. Benson, and Dale E. Farnham. Corn Row Spacing, Plant Density, and Maturity Effects. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-2663.

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Basol, Terry L., and Kenneth T. Pecinovsky. Effect of Plant Population and Row Spacing on Soybean Yield. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-1365.

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Portz, Dennis Nicklas, Gail R. Nonnecke, and Tabitha Fontinel. Evaluation of Day-neutral Strawberry Plant Spacing to Maximize Production Potential. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-2467.

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Seginer, Ido, Daniel H. Willits, Michael Raviv, and Mary M. Peet. Transpirational Cooling of Greenhouse Crops. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7573072.bard.

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Background Transplanting vegetable seedlings to final spacing in the greenhouse is common practice. At the time of transplanting, the transpiring leaf area is a small fraction of the ground area and its cooling effect is rather limited. A preliminary modeling study suggested that if water supply from root to canopy is not limiting, a sparse crop could maintain about the same canopy temperature as a mature crop, at the expense of a considerably higher transpiration flux per leaf (and root) area. The objectives of this project were (1) to test the predictions of the model, (2) to select suitable cooling methods, and (3) to compare the drought resistance of differently prepared seedlings. Procedure Plants were grown in several configurations in high heat load environments, which were moderated by various environmental control methods. The difference between the three experimental locations was mainly in terms of scale, age of plants, and environmental control. Young potted plants were tested for a few days in small growth chambers at Technion and Newe Ya'ar. At NCSU, tomato plants of different ages and planting densities were compared over a whole growing season under conditions similar to commercial greenhouses. Results Effect of spacing: Densely spaced plants transpired less per plant and more per unit ground area than sparsely spaced plants. The canopy temperature of the densely spaced plants was lower. Air temperature was lower and humidity higher in the compartments with the densely spaced plants. The difference between species is mainly in the canopy-to-air Bowen ratio, which is positive for pepper and negative for tomato. Effect of cooling methods: Ventilation and evaporative pad cooling were found to be effective and synergitic. Air mixing turned out to be very ineffective, indicating that the canopy-to-air transfer coefficient is not the limiting factor in the ventilation process. Shading and misting, both affecting the leaf temperature directly, proved to be very effective canopy cooling methods. However, in view of their side effects, they should only be considered as emergency measures. On-line measures of stress: Chlorophyll fluorescence was shown to accurately predict photosynthesis. This is potentially useful as a rapid, non-contact way of assessing canopy heat stress. Normalized canopy temperature and transpiration rate were shown to correlate with water stress. Drought resistance of seedlings: Comparison between normal seedlings and partially defoliated ones, all subjected to prolonged drought, indicated that removing about half of the lowermost leaves prior to transplanting, may facilitate adjustment to the more stressful conditions in the greenhouse. Implications The results of this experimental study may lead to: (1) An improved model for a sparse canopy in a greenhouse. (2) A better ventilation design procedure utilizing improved estimates of the evaporation coefficient for different species and plant configurations. (3) A test for the stress resistance of transplants.
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Dib, Tamara. Relationship between Anisotropy and Dispersive Stress in Wind Plants with Variable Spacing. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.6228.

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Wadman, Heidi, and Jesse McNinch. Elevation of underlying basement rock, Ogdensburg Harbor, NY. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40843.

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Over six linear miles of shallow acoustic reflection geophysical data were collected in an 800 ft by 300 ft survey region at Ogdensburg Harbor, Ogdensburg, NY. To better accommodate modern commercial vessels and expand the harbor’s capacity, the current navigable depth of -19 ft Low Water Depth (LWD) needs to be increased to -28 ft LWD, and an accurate map of the nature of the riverbed material (e.g., unconsolidated sediment, partially indurated glacial till, or bedrock) is required to effectively plan for removal. A total of 28 boreholes were previously collected to map the stratigraphy, and the effort revealed significant spatial variability in unit thickness and elevation between adjacent boreholes. To accurately map this variable stratigraphy, chirp sub-bottom profiles were collected throughout the region, with an average line spacing of 13 ft. These sub-bottom data, validated and augmented by the borehole data, resulted in high-resolution spatial maps of stratigraphic elevation and thickness for the study area. The data will allow for more accurate assessment of the type and extent of different dredging efforts required to achieve a future uniform depth of -28 ft LWD for the navigable region.
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