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Journal articles on the topic 'Plant sterol'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Louter, Arjan J. H. "Determination of Plant Sterol Oxidation Products in Plant Sterol Enriched Spreads, Fat Blends, and Plant Sterol Concentrates." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 87, no. 2 (2004): 485–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/87.2.485.

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Abstract Plant sterols (PS) are very stable molecules but may undergo oxidation due to the presence of a double bond in the ring structure. In order to assess whether this occurs during heating and storage, an analytical procedure was developed for the determination of concentration levels and identity of PS oxidation products in functional food ingredients and products. The method is based on cold saponification, solvent extraction of unsaponifiables, isolation of sterol oxidation products by means of liquid chromatography, and final analysis by gas chromatography (GC) with flame ionization d

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2

Ajagbe, Bridget O., Rgia A. Othman, and Semone B. Myrie. "Plant Sterols, Stanols, and Sitosterolemia." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 98, no. 3 (2015): 716–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.sgeajagbe.

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Abstract Phytosterolemia (sitosterolemia) is a rare autosomal recessive sterol storage disease caused by mutations in either of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binding cassette transporter genes; (ABC) G5 or ABCG8, leading to impaired elimination of plant sterols and stanols, with their increased accumulation in the blood and tissues. Thus the disease is characterized by substantially elevated serum plant sterols and stanols, with moderate to high plasma cholesterol levels, and increased risk of premature atherosclerosis. Hematologic abnormalities including macrothrombocytopenia, stomatocytos

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3

Marler, Thomas E., and Christopher A. Shaw. "Phenotypic Characteristics as Predictors of Phytosterols in Mature Cycas micronesica Seeds." HortScience 44, no. 3 (2009): 725–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.44.3.725.

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The relationship between mature Cycas micronesica K.D. Hill seed sterol concentration and content and plant or seed phenotypic characteristics was established by multiple regression. Combined models were significant for free but not glycosylated sterols. Reduced models revealed leaf number as the only significant predictor. Free and glycosylated sterol concentrations were unaffected throughout the range of several predictors: tree height (1.7 to 5.8 m), seed fresh weight (48 to 120 g), seed load (one to 76 seeds per plant), and estimated tree age (32 to 110 years). The free and glycosylated st

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Cabianca, Alessandro, Laurin Müller, Katharina Pawlowski та Paul Dahlin. "Changes in the Plant β-Sitosterol/Stigmasterol Ratio Caused by the Plant Parasitic Nematode Meloidogyne incognita". Plants 10, № 2 (2021): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10020292.

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Sterols play a key role in various physiological processes of plants. Commonly, stigmasterol, β-sitosterol and campesterol represent the main plant sterols, and cholesterol is often reported as a trace sterol. Changes in plant sterols, especially in β-sitosterol/stigmasterol levels, can be induced by different biotic and abiotic factors. Plant parasitic nematodes, such as the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita, are devastating pathogens known to circumvent plant defense mechanisms. In this study, we investigated the changes in sterols of agricultural important crops, Brassica juncea (bro

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Morikawa, T., M. Mizutani, and D. Ohta. "Cytochrome P450 subfamily CYP710A genes encode sterol C-22 desaturase in plants." Biochemical Society Transactions 34, no. 6 (2006): 1202–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0341202.

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Sterols are isoprenoid-derived lipids that are produced via the mevalonate pathway and are involved in various cellular functions in eukaryotes such as maintenance of membrane integrity and biosynthetic precursors of steroid hormones. Among cellular sterols, Δ22-sterols containing a double bond at C-22 in the sterol side chain specifically occur in fungi (ergosterol) and plants (stigmasterol and brassicasterol), and several lines of experimental evidence have suggested specific physiological roles of Δ22-sterols in plants. Fungal cytochrome P450 (P450), CYP61, has been established as the stero

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Fricke, Christiane B., Malene Schrøder, Morten Poulsen, et al. "Increased plant sterol and stanol levels in brain of Watanabe rabbits fed rapeseed oil derived plant sterol or stanol esters." British Journal of Nutrition 98, no. 5 (2007): 890–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114507756532.

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Foods containing plant sterol or stanol esters can be beneficial in lowering LDL-cholesterol concentration, a major risk factor for CVD. The present study examined whether high dietary intake of rapeseed oil (RSO) derived plant sterol and stanol esters is associated with increased levels of these components in brain tissue of homozygous and heterozygous Watanabe rabbits, an animal model for familial hypercholesterolemia. Homozygous animals received either a standard diet, RSO stanol or RSO sterol ester while heterozygous animals were additionally fed with 2 g cholesterol/kg to the respective d

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Rideout, Todd C., Scott V. Harding, and Dylan S. Mackay. "Metabolic and genetic factors modulating subject specific LDL-C responses to plant sterol therapy1This article is an invited review for the Journal's Made In Canada section. The authors gratefully acknowledge the training that was acquired at the Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba. We would specifically like to thank Dr. Peter Jones for his mentorship and significant contribution to the research contained within this manuscript." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 90, no. 5 (2012): 509–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y2012-060.

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Reducing intestinal cholesterol absorption with plant sterol consumption is a well-characterized strategy to lower LDL-C and potentially reduce cardiovascular disease risk. However, over 50 years of clinical research demonstrate that there is significant heterogeneity in the individual LDL-C lowering response to plant sterol therapy. A clear understanding of why plant sterols work effectively in some individuals but not in others will ensure optimal integration of plant sterols in future personalized nutritional lipid-lowering strategies. This review will examine the current knowledge base sur

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8

Silbernagel, Guenther, Iris Baumgartner, and Winfried März. "Cardiovascular Safety of Plant Sterol and Stanol Consumption." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 98, no. 3 (2015): 739–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.sgesilbernagel.

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Abstract Plant sterols and stanols as components of functional foods are widely used for cholesterol lowering. The regular intake of these functional foods is associated with a decrease in low density lipoprotein cholesterol of about 10 % and an increase in plasma plant sterol or stanol concentrations by about a factor of 2. There is no doubt that a decrease in low density lipoprotein cholesterol is beneficial to cardiovascular health. However, due to the concomitant increase in circulating plant sterols safety issues associated with the intake of plant sterol containing functional foods have

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Gylling, Helena, and Tatu A. Miettinen. "The effect of plant stanol- and sterol-enriched foods on lipid metabolism, serum lipids and coronary heart disease." Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine 42, no. 4 (2005): 254–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0004563054255605.

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Phytosterols are plant sterols, mainly campesterol and sitosterol, and their respective stanols (5α-saturated derivatives), which chemically resemble cholesterol. They are present in a normal diet and are absorbed proportionally to cholesterol, but to a much lesser extent, such that less than 0.1% of serum sterols are plant sterols. Phytosterols inhibit intestinal cholesterol absorption, and fat-soluble plant stanol esters were introduced as a functional food for lowering serum cholesterol in the early 1990s; plant sterol esters entered the market at the end of the 1990s. Inhibition of the int

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10

Jia, Xiaoming, Naoyuki Ebine, Isabelle Demonty, et al. "Hypocholesterolaemic effects of plant sterol analogues are independent of ABCG5 and ABCG8 transporter expressions in hamsters." British Journal of Nutrition 98, no. 3 (2007): 550–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114507721517.

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The hypolipidaemic effects of plant sterols are well established. However, mechanisms by which plant sterols lower plasma cholesterol levels, particularly at the molecular level, have not been clearly elucidated. The objective of the present study was to determine whether different plant sterol analogues reduce plasma cholesterol levels by up regulating the sterol transporters ABCG5 and ABCG8 in the liver and/or small intestine. Male Golden Syrian hamsters were divided into eight groups. Groups 1 and 2 were fed a maize starch–casein–sucrose-based diet that did not contain cholesterol (control;

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Lutova, Ludmila A., and Galina M. Shumilina. "Metabolites of plants and their role in resistance to phytopathogens." Ecological genetics 1, no. 1 (2003): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ecogen1047-58.

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Plant disease resistance is a complex reaction where biochemical peculiarities play a major role. The review is focused on two strategies of improvement of plant resistance to some groups of pathogens. The first strategy is based on a dependence of pathogens on certain plant compounds, i.e. sterols. The lack of these metabolites in a host plant repress pathogen development and reproduction. Here we present modern data on sterol metabolism and their functions in plants as well as description of known plant sterol mutants. The other way to improve plant resistance is to stimulate biosynthesis of

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Witkowska, Anna Maria, Anna Waśkiewicz, Małgorzata Elżbieta Zujko, Iwona Mirończuk-Chodakowska, Alicja Cicha-Mikołajczyk, and Wojciech Drygas. "Assessment of Plant Sterols in the Diet of Adult Polish Population with the Use of a Newly Developed Database." Nutrients 13, no. 8 (2021): 2722. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13082722.

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Plant sterols are compounds with multiple biological functions, mainly cholesterol-reducing. There are no comprehensive databases on plant sterols, which makes it difficult to estimate their intake in the Polish population. This work attempted to use international food databases, additionally supplemented by scientific data from the literature, to create a database of plant sterols, which would cover various kinds of foods and dishes consumed in Poland. The aim was to assess the size and sources of dietary plant sterols in the adult population of Poland. The literature search was conducted usi

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Lütjohann, Dieter. "Methodological Aspects of Plant Sterol and Stanol Measurement." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 98, no. 3 (2015): 674–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.sgelutjohann.

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Abstract Cholesterol, its biosynthetic precursors, its metabolite 5α-cholestanol and plant sterols are widely used today in clinical lipid research as surrogate markers of cholesterol synthesis and absorption. Advances in analytical methods for the determination of serum noncholesterol sterols and stanols within the last century are highlighted. This review focuses on sample preparation, separation, and detection techniques. Various aspects related to sterol and stanol analysis from biological samples are discussed.

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Scolaro, Bianca, Leticia F. S. de Andrade, and Inar A. Castro. "Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: The Earlier the Better? A Review of Plant Sterol Metabolism and Implications of Childhood Supplementation." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 1 (2019): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21010128.

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Atherosclerosis is the underlying cause of major cardiovascular events. The development of atherosclerotic plaques begins early in life, indicating that dietary interventions in childhood might be more effective at preventing cardiovascular disease (CVD) than treating established CVD in adulthood. Although plant sterols are considered safe and consistently effective in lowering plasma cholesterol, the health effects of early-life supplementation are unclear. Studies suggest there is an age-dependent effect on plant sterol metabolism: at a younger age, plant sterol absorption might be increased

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15

Kuhlmann, Karolin, Oliver Lindtner, Almut Bauch, Guido Ritter, Brigitte Woerner, and Birgit Niemann. "Simulation of prospective phytosterol intake in Germany by novel functional foods." British Journal of Nutrition 93, no. 3 (2005): 377–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn20041364.

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A blood cholesterol-lowering margarine containing plant sterolesters was the first functional food placed on the European food market pursuant to the regulation (EC) 258/97. In the following years nine further applicants submitted the request to add plant sterol compounds to dairy products, cheeses, bakery products, sausages, plant oils and other products. The European Scientific Committee on Food (SCF) declared a precautionary intake limit of 3 g plant sterols per d by multiple dietary sources. Using the consumption data of the German National Food Consumption Study, carried out from 1985 to

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Alphonse, Peter A. S., Vanu Ramprasath, and Peter J. H. Jones. "Effect of dietary cholesterol and plant sterol consumption on plasma lipid responsiveness and cholesterol trafficking in healthy individuals." British Journal of Nutrition 117, no. 1 (2017): 56–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114516004530.

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AbstractDietary cholesterol and plant sterols differentially modulate cholesterol kinetics and circulating cholesterol. Understanding how healthy individuals with their inherent variabilities in cholesterol trafficking respond to such dietary sterols will aid in improving strategies for effective cholesterol lowering and alleviation of CVD risk. The objectives of this study were to assess plasma lipid responsiveness to dietary cholesterolv. plant sterol consumption, and to determine the response in rates of cholesterol absorption and synthesis to each sterol using stable isotope approaches in

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Sioen, Isabelle, Christophe Matthys, Inge Huybrechts, John Van Camp та Stefaan De Henauw. "Consumption of plant sterols in Belgium: estimated intakes and sources of naturally occurring plant sterols and β-carotene". British Journal of Nutrition 105, № 6 (2011): 960–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114510004587.

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The objective of the present study was to assess the intake of naturally occurring plant sterols and β-carotene via the overall diet of Belgian pre-school children and adults. Two different Belgian food consumption databases were used: (1) one with consumption data of pre-school children (2·5–6·5 years old) and (2) one with consumption data of adults ( ≥ 15 years old). These consumption data were combined with a newly developed database containing the plant sterol and β-carotene content in all relevant food items based on international food composition databases and scientific literature. The

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Ntanios, Fady Y., and Guus S. M. J. E. Duchateau. "A healthy Diet rich in Carotenoids is effective in Maintaining normal Blood Carotenoid Levels during the Daily use of Plant Sterol-enriched Spreads." International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 72, no. 1 (2002): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831.72.1.32.

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Blood cholesterol levels are affected by diet and in particular by the type and amount of fat intake. In recent years, vegetable oil spreads containing plant sterols/stanols (as their fatty acid esters) have been developed. Numerous clinical trials on spreads with added plant sterols/stanols have shown that they have much greater cholesterol-lowering properties than conventional vegetable oil spreads. Plant sterols decrease both dietary and biliary cholesterol absorption in the small intestine, with a consequential increase in excretion of cholesterol. It is also recognized that plant sterol/s

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19

Schrøder, Malene, Christiane Fricke, Kirsten Pilegaard, et al. "Effect of rapeseed oil-derived plant sterol and stanol esters on atherosclerosis parameters in cholesterol-challenged heterozygous Watanabe Heritable Hyperlipidaemic rabbits." British Journal of Nutrition 102, no. 12 (2009): 1740–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114509991206.

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Rapeseed oil (RSO) is a novel source of plant sterols, containing the unique brassicasterol in concentrations higher than allowed for plant sterol blends in food products in the European Union. Effects of RSO sterols and stanols on aortic atherosclerosis were studied in cholesterol-fed heterozygous Watanabe heritable hyperlipidaemic (Hh-WHHL) rabbits. Four groups (n 18 per group) received a cholesterol-added (2 g/kg) standard chow or this diet with added RSO stanol esters (17 g/kg), RSO stanol esters (34 g/kg) or RSO sterol esters (34 g/kg) for 18 weeks. Feeding RSO stanol esters increased pla

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20

Muchembled, Jérôme, Anissa Lounès-Hadj Sahraoui, Anne Grandmougin-Ferjani, and Michel Sancholle. "Changes in sterol composition with ontogeny of Blumeria graminis conidia." Canadian Journal of Botany 78, no. 10 (2000): 1288–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b00-106.

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The total sterol composition of conidia of the obligate plant pathogen Blumeria (= Erysiphe) graminis f.sp. tritici has been analysed as a function of their ontogeny during sporulation. Two main classes of sterols were characterized: 24-ethylsterols (24-ethylcholesta-5,22-dienol, 24-ethylcholesterol, and Δ5-avenasterol) and 24-methylsterols (24-methylenecholesterol and episterol). Our results show that sterol composition is greatly modified during ontogeny of B. graminis conidia both at the qualitative and quantitative levels. In particular, 24-methylsterols, e.g., 24-methylenecholesterol and

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Singh, SP, RD Firn, and LG Paleg. "Low-temperature-induced GA3 Sensitivity of Wheat. V. Sterol Conversions in the Wheat Aleurone Tissue during Imbibition." Functional Plant Biology 12, no. 5 (1985): 549. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp9850549.

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Sterol profiles during imbibition and low temperature preincubation of aleurone tissue from Kite (Rht 2) and F6 Rht 3/rht 3 lines were studied. There was a dramatic disappearance of sterol derivatives during imbibition and a coincident appearance of an equivalent increment of free sterols in all three aleurone tissues. None of the preincubation conditions had any effect on the sterol content or spectrum of either the Rht-containing aleurone tissue (Kite and dwarf selection) or the non-Rht-containing aleurone tissue (tall selection). The results indicate that the sterol derivatives of the wheat

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Tiwari, Pragya, Rajender Singh Sangwan, Asha, B. N. Mishra, Farzana Sabir, and Neelam S. Sangwan. "Molecular Cloning and Biochemical Characterization of a Recombinant Sterol 3-O-Glucosyltransferase fromGymnema sylvestreR.Br. Catalyzing Biosynthesis of Steryl Glucosides." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/934351.

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Gymnema sylvestreR.Br., a pharmacologically important herb vernacularly called Gur-Mar (sugar eliminator), is widely known for its antidiabetic action. This property of the herb has been attributed to the presence of bioactive triterpene glycosides. Although some information regarding pharmacology and phytochemical profiles of the plant are available, no attempts have been made so far to decipher the biosynthetic pathway and key enzymes involved in biosynthesis of steryl glucosides. The present report deals with the identification and catalytic characterization of a glucosyltransferase, cataly

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MacKay, D. S., and P. Jones. "Limitations of lathosterol to plant sterol ratios and serum plant sterols as surrogate markers for cholesterol absorption during plant sterol supplementation." Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases 22, no. 9 (2012): e21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2011.11.007.

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Sierksma, Aafje, Jan A. Weststrate, and Gert W. Meijer. "Spreads enriched with plant sterols, either esterified 4,4-dimethylsterols or free 4-desmethylsterols, and plasma total- and LDL-cholesterol concentrations." British Journal of Nutrition 82, no. 4 (1999): 273–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114599001476.

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In a 9-week study seventy-six healthy adult volunteers with an average age of 44 (sd11) years, with baseline plasma total cholesterol levels below 8 mmol/l, received in a balanced, double-blind, crossover design, a total of three different table spreads for personal use. Two spreads were fortified either with free (non-esterified) vegetable-oil sterols, mainly from soyabean oil (31 g sterol equivalents/kg; 0·8 g/d) or sheanut-oil sterols (133 g sterol equivalents/kg; 3·3 g/d). One spread was not fortified (control). Average intake of spread was 25 g/d for 3 weeks. None of the spreads induced c

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Zawistowski, Jerzy, and Peter Jones. "Regulatory Aspects Related to Plant Sterol and Stanol Supplemented Foods." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 98, no. 3 (2015): 750–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.sgezawistowski.

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Abstract This chapter reviews regulatory frameworks for plant sterol containing functional foods in various jurisdictions including Europe, North America, South America, Asia and, Australia/New Zealand. Included is a discussion on approval of plant sterols as novel food ingredients in some countries, as well as details on the type of health claims permitted in the marketing and sale of foods enriched with plant sterols within each jurisdiction. Based on the abundance of clinical trial data, many countries around the world have now approved the use of claims relating the cholesterol-lowering ef

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Yue, Sum Yu Pansy, Todd C. Rideout, and Scott V. Harding. "Effects of Plant Sterol and Stanol Consumption on Blood Pressure and Endothelial Function." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 98, no. 3 (2015): 729–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.sgeyue.

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Abstract The cholesterol lowering effects of plant sterols and stanols are a well-established complementary means by which to reduce blood cholesterol concentrations. The average reduction in LDL cholesterol concentrations is approximately –10% following a 28-day supplementation protocol. There is very little known regarding what, if any, effect plant sterols and stanols have on other cardiometabolic risk factors such as blood pressure and endothelial function. Here we review the available literature on this topic and attempt to draw conclusions regarding any benefit or risk for blood pressure

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Vidkjær, Nanna H., Karl-Martin V. Jensen, René Gislum, and Inge S. Fomsgaard. "Profiling and Metabolism of Sterols in the Weaver Ant Genus Oecophylla." Natural Product Communications 11, no. 1 (2016): 1934578X1601100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1601100114.

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Sterols are essential to insects because they are vital for many biochemical processes, nevertheless insects cannot synthesize sterols but have to acquire them through their diet. Studies of sterols in ants are sparse and here the sterols of the weaver ant genus Oecophylla are identified for the first time. The sterol profile and the dietary sterols provided to a laboratory Oecophylla longinoda colony were analyzed. Most sterols originated from the diet, except one, which was probably formed via dealkylation in the ants and two sterols of fungal origin, which likely originate from hitherto uni

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San Mauro Martín, Ismael, Elena Garicano Vilar, Sara Sanz Rojo, et al. "Gene Influence in the Effectiveness of Plant Sterols Treatment in Children: Pilot Interventional Study." Nutrients 11, no. 10 (2019): 2538. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11102538.

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Cardiovascular disease is linked to high serum low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol levels. Cardiovascular risk may be indirectly influenced by genetic load. Serum LDL-cholesterol levels may be reduced by the consumption of food enriched with plant sterols (PS). The aim was to test a plant sterol treatment on cholesterol levels according to different genetic polymorphisms. A pilot interventional trial was performed in 26 children (n = 16 girls, n = 10 boys). Seven hundred milliliters/day of commercial skimmed milk with added plant sterols delivering 2.2 g plant sterols were ingested for t

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Rogowska, Agata, and Anna Szakiel. "The role of sterols in plant response to abiotic stress." Phytochemistry Reviews 19, no. 6 (2020): 1525–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11101-020-09708-2.

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AbstractSterols are integral components of the membrane lipid bilayer and they are involved in many processes occurring in plants, ranging from regulation of growth and development to stress resistance. Maintenance of membrane homeostasis represents one of the principal functions of sterols in plant cells. Plant cell membranes are important sites of perception of environmental abiotic factors, therefore, it can be surmised that sterols may play an important role in the plant stress response. The aim of this review was to discuss the most representative trends in recent studies regarding the ro

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Sehayek, Ephraim, and Jan L. Breslow. "Plasma Plant Sterol Levels." Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 25, no. 1 (2005): 5–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.atv.0000151984.34920.aa.

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Sharma, Monika, Zsuzsanna Sasvari, and Peter D. Nagy. "Inhibition of Sterol Biosynthesis Reduces Tombusvirus Replication in Yeast and Plants." Journal of Virology 84, no. 5 (2009): 2270–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02003-09.

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ABSTRACT The replication of plus-strand RNA viruses depends on subcellular membranes. Recent genome-wide screens have revealed that the sterol biosynthesis genes ERG25 and ERG4 affected the replication of Tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV) in a yeast model host. To further our understanding of the role of sterols in TBSV replication, we demonstrate that the downregulation of ERG25 or the inhibition of the activity of Erg25p with an inhibitor (6-amino-2-n-pentylthiobenzothiazole; APB) leads to a 3- to 5-fold reduction in TBSV replication in yeast. In addition, the sterol biosynthesis inhibitor lov

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Matysik, S., HH Klünemann, and G. Schmitz. "Gas Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Oxysterols, Plant Sterols, and Cholesterol Precursors." Clinical Chemistry 58, no. 11 (2012): 1557–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2012.189605.

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BACKGROUND Cholesterol precursors and plant sterols have considerable potential as plasma biomarkers in several disorders of sterol metabolism and intestinal sterol absorption. Oxysterols are associated with atherogenesis, neurodegeneration, and inflammation. We developed a GC-MS method for the simultaneous analysis of these species in human plasma, including 24-, 25-, 27-hydroxycholesterol; 7-ketocholesterol; lanosterol; lathosterol; 7-dehydrocholesterol; desmosterol; stigmasterol; sitosterol; and campesterol. METHODS Sterols were hydrolyzed with ethanolic potassium hydroxide solution, extrac

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Jong, Ariënne de, Jogchum Plat, Dieter Lütjohann, and Ronald P. Mensink. "Effects of long-term plant sterol or stanol ester consumption on lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in subjects on statin treatment." British Journal of Nutrition 100, no. 5 (2008): 937–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114508966113.

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Consumption of plant sterol- or stanol-enriched margarines by statin users results in an additional LDL-cholesterol reduction of approximately 10 %, which may be larger than the average decrease of 3–7 % achieved by doubling the statin dose. However, whether this effect persists in the long term is not known. Therefore, we examined in patients already on stable statin treatment the effects of 85 weeks of plant sterol and stanol ester consumption on the serum lipoprotein profile, cholesterol metabolism, and bile acid synthesis. For this, a double-blind randomised trial was designed in which fif

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Tansley, Gavin, Daniel T. Holmes, Dieter Lütjohann, Elizabeth Head, and Cheryl L. Wellington. "Sterol Lipid Metabolism in Down Syndrome Revisited: Down Syndrome Is Associated with a Selective Reduction in Serum Brassicasterol Levels." Current Gerontology and Geriatrics Research 2012 (2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/179318.

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Over the past 15 years, insights into sterol metabolism have improved our understanding of the relationship between lipids and common conditions such as atherosclerosis and Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). A better understanding of sterol lipid metabolism in individuals with Down Syndrome (DS) may help elucidate how this population’s unique metabolic characteristics influence their risks for atherosclerosis and AD. To revisit the question of whether sterol lipid parameters may be altered in DS subjects, we performed a pilot study to assess traditional serum sterol lipids and lipoproteins, as well as

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Osman, Hanan, Sébastien Vauthrin, Vladimir Mikes, et al. "Mediation of Elicitin Activity on Tobacco Is Assumed by Elicitin-Sterol Complexes." Molecular Biology of the Cell 12, no. 9 (2001): 2825–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.12.9.2825.

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Elicitins secreted by phytopathogenic Phytophthoraspp. are proteinaceous elicitors of plant defense mechanisms and were demonstrated to load, carry, and transfer sterols between membranes. The link between elicitor and sterol-loading properties was assessed with the use of site-directed mutagenesis of the 47 and 87 cryptogein tyrosine residues, postulated to be involved in sterol binding. Mutated cryptogeins were tested for their ability to load sterols, bind to plasma membrane putative receptors, and trigger biological responses. For each mutated elicitin, the chemical characterization of the

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Nyström, Laura, Aline Schär, and Anna-Maija Lampi. "Steryl glycosides and acylated steryl glycosides in plant foods reflect unique sterol patterns." European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology 114, no. 6 (2012): 656–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejlt.201200033.

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Caswell, H., A. Denny, and J. Lunn. "Plant sterol and stanol esters." Nutrition Bulletin 33, no. 4 (2008): 368–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-3010.2008.00740.x.

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Vanmierlo, Tim, Oliver Weingärtner, Susanne van der Pol, et al. "Dietary intake of plant sterols stably increases plant sterol levels in the murine brain." Journal of Lipid Research 53, no. 4 (2012): 726–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1194/jlr.m017244.

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Simons, Veronika, John P. Morrissey, Maita Latijnhouwers, et al. "Dual Effects of Plant Steroidal Alkaloids on Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 50, no. 8 (2006): 2732–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00289-06.

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ABSTRACT Many plant species accumulate sterols and triterpenes as antimicrobial glycosides. These secondary metabolites (saponins) provide built-in chemical protection against pest and pathogen attack and can also influence induced defense responses. In addition, they have a variety of important pharmacological properties, including anticancer activity. The biological mechanisms underpinning the varied and diverse effects of saponins on microbes, plants, and animals are only poorly understood despite the ecological and pharmaceutical importance of this major class of plant secondary metabolite

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Mahmood-Khan, Zahid, and Eric R. Hall. "Removal of individual sterols during secondary treatment of pulp mill effluents." Water Quality Research Journal 47, no. 1 (2012): 56–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrjc.2012.032.

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Analysis of plant sterols in pulp mill effluents is complex and several investigations have combined wood extractives with sterols or have reported total sterols collectively. The present study exclusively focuses on the fate of individual sterols generated in pulp and paper manufacturing as they pass through activated sludge biotreatment system. Before secondary treatment the pulp mill effluents contained 33% ß-sitosterol, 26% campesterol, 22% ß-sitostanol, 17% stigmasterol and 2% ergosterol (1,000–1,800 μg/L mean total sterols). After treatment, the effluents contained 44% ß-sitosterol, 22%

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Taton, Maryse, та Alain Rahier. "Plant Sterol Biosynthesis: Identification and Characterization of Higher Plant Δ7-Sterol C5(6)-Desaturase". Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 325, № 2 (1996): 279–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/abbi.1996.0035.

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Carreón-Palau, Laura, Nurgül Şen Özdemir, Christopher C. Parrish, and Camilla Parzanini. "Sterol Composition of Sponges, Cnidarians, Arthropods, Mollusks, and Echinoderms from the Deep Northwest Atlantic: A Comparison with Shallow Coastal Gulf of Mexico." Marine Drugs 18, no. 12 (2020): 598. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md18120598.

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Triterpenoid biosynthesis is generally anaerobic in bacteria and aerobic in Eukarya. The major class of triterpenoids in bacteria, the hopanoids, is different to that in Eukarya, the lanostanoids, and their 4,4,14-demethylated derivatives, sterols. In the deep sea, the prokaryotic contribution to primary productivity has been suggested to be higher because local environmental conditions prevent classic photosynthetic processes from occurring. Sterols have been used as trophic biomarkers because primary producers have different compositions, and they are incorporated in primary consumer tissues

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Tammi, Anne, Tapani Rönnemaa, Liisa Valsta, et al. "Dietary Plant Sterols Alter the Serum Plant Sterol Concentration but Not the Cholesterol Precursor Sterol Concentrations in Young Children (The STRIP Study)." Journal of Nutrition 131, no. 7 (2001): 1942–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/131.7.1942.

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Okoro, Linus, and Roland Winter. "Pressure Perturbation Calorimetric Studies on Phospholipid-Sterol Mixtures." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 63, no. 6 (2008): 769–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2008-0627.

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Sterols regulate biological processes and sustain the lateral structure of cellular membranes. The sterol cholesterol, its precursor lanosterol, the plant sterols stigmasterol and ergosterol as well as 7-dehydrocholesterol were added up to 36 mol-% to vesicles of the phospholipid 1,2-dipalmitoyl-snglycero- 3-phosphatidylcholine (DPPC). The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of the sterol side chain and ring structure on the volumetric properties of the lipid bilayer system by using pressure perturbation calorimetry (PPC), a relatively new and efficient technique, to study the t

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Yao, Xiaorui, Jianjiang Lu, Zilong Liu, Dan Ran, and Yating Huang. "Distribution of sterols and the sources of pollution in surface sediments of Ulungur lake, Xinjiang." Water Science and Technology 67, no. 10 (2013): 2342–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.107.

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Domestic sewage discharged into lakes brings great pressure to the ecological environment. This study selected sediment from an inland lake as a research object to evaluate pollution of the environment. Eight sterols were used to evaluate the content of pollutants, while the ratios of sterols were used as the index to analyze the sources of pollution. The correlations were analyzed between sterols and total organic carbon (TOC), salinity and particle size. The distribution and composition of sterol compounds were determined in 12 surface sediment samples collected from Ulungur lake. The total

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Lepesheva, G. I., T. Y. Hargrove, R. D. Ott, W. D. Nes, and M. R. Waterman. "Biodiversity of CYP51 in trypanosomes." Biochemical Society Transactions 34, no. 6 (2006): 1161–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0341161.

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Sterol 14α-demethylases (CYP51) are metabolic cytochromes P450, found in each biological kingdom. They catalyse a single three-step reaction included in all sterol biosynthetic pathways. Plant CYP51s have strict preference towards their physiological substrate O (obtusifoliol), which is C-4-monomethylated. Natural substrates of animal/fungal CYP51 (lanosterol, 24,25-dihydrolanosterol or 24-methylenelanosterol) are C-4-dimethylated. CYP51 from the pathogenic protozoa TB (Trypanosoma brucei) is the first example of O-specific sterol 14α-demethylase in non-photosynthetic organisms. Surprisingly,

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Merah, Othmane, and Zephirin Mouloungui. "Tetraploid Wheats: Valuable Source of Phytosterols and Phytostanols." Agronomy 9, no. 4 (2019): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9040201.

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Phytosterols are known as healthy compounds obtained mainly from oilseed crops. Cereals were also studied for their sterols content. Few insights have been devoted to other tetraploid species than emmer and durum wheats. This work examined phytosterol and phytostanol content in seed of six tetraploid wheat species cultivated during two successive years under rainfed organic conditions in Auch (near Toulouse, France). Sterols (free and esterified sterols) were measured by gas-chromatography-flame ionisation detector. Mean value of sterols + stanols content was 99.5 mg 100 g−1 DW. The main stero

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Zhao, Hai L., Adrielle H. Houweling, Catherine A. Vanstone, et al. "Action of Plant Sterol Intervention on Sterol Kinetics in Hypercholesterolemic Men with High versus Low Basal Circulatory Plant Sterol Concentrations." Journal of the American College of Nutrition 30, no. 2 (2011): 155–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2011.10719955.

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Heymans, Cathelijne, Lara R. Heij, Kaatje Lenaerts та ін. "Prophylactic Intra-Uterine β-Cyclodextrin Administration during Intra-Uterine Ureaplasma parvum Infection Partly Prevents Liver Inflammation without Interfering with the Enterohepatic Circulation of the Fetal Sheep". Nutrients 12, № 5 (2020): 1312. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12051312.

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Chorioamnionitis can lead to inflammation and injury of the liver and gut, thereby predisposing patients to adverse outcomes such as necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). In addition, intestinal bile acids (BAs) accumulation is causally linked to NEC development. Plant sterols are a promising intervention to prevent NEC development, considering their anti-inflammatory properties in the liver. Therefore, we investigated whether an intra-amniotic (IA) Ureaplasma parvum (UP) infection affected the liver and enterohepatic circulation (EHC) and evaluated whether an IA administered plant sterol mixture d

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Khandelwal, Shweta, Isabelle Demonty, Panniyammakal Jeemon, et al. "Independent and interactive effects of plant sterols and fish oiln-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids on the plasma lipid profile of mildly hyperlipidaemic Indian adults." British Journal of Nutrition 102, no. 5 (2009): 722–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114509297170.

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The present study was designed to evaluate the independent and interactive effects of a once-a-day yoghurt drink providing 2 g plant sterols/d and capsules providing 2 g fish oiln-3 long-chain (LC) PUFA/d on plasma lipids, apolipoproteins and LDL particle size. Following a 2-week run-in period, 200 mildly hypercholesterolaemic Indian adults aged 35–55 years were randomised into one of four groups of a 2 × 2 factorial, double-blind controlled trial. The 4-week treatments consisted of (1) control yoghurt drink and control capsules, (2) control yoghurt drink and fish oil capsules, (3) plant stero

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