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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Plant viruses Genetics'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 January 2023

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1

Afsharifar, Alireza. "Characterisation of minor RNAs associated with plants infected with cucumber mosaic virus." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09pha2584.pdf.

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Bibliography: leaves 127-138. This thesis studies the minor double stranded RNAs (dsRNA) and single stranded RNAs (ssRNA) which are consistently associated with plants infected with Q strain of cucumber mosaic virus (Q-CMV). The investigations are focused on the structural elucidation of new RNAs which have been observed in single stranded and double stranded RNA profiles of Q strain of CMV.

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2

Sheldon, Candice Claire. "Hammerhead mediated self-cleavage of plant pathogenic RNAs /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1992. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phs544.pdf.

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3

Zambrano, Mendoza Jose Luis. "Genetic Architecture of Resistance to Phylogenetically Diverse Viruses in Maize." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1373285155.

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4

Torok, Valeria Anna. "Biological and molecular variation among isolates of pea seed borne mosaic virus." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09pht686.pdf.

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Corrigendum inserted at the back. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 133-158). Ch. 1. General introduction -- ch. 2. General materials and methods -- ch. 3. Biological characterisation of Australian PSbMV isolates -- ch. 4. Developing nucleic acid based diagnostics for PSbMV -- ch. 5. Detection of PSbMV isolates by RT-PCR and RFLP analysis -- ch. 6. Developing an internal control for PSbMV RT-PCR -- ch. 7. Molecular analysis of the PSbMV VPG -- ch. 8. PSbMV sequence and phylogenetic analysis -- ch. 9. General discussion Sixteen pea seed borne mosaic virus (PSbMV) isolates were collect

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5

Malan, Stefanie. "Real time PCR as a versatile tool for virus detection and transgenic plant analysis." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1921.

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Thesis (MSc (Genetics))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: South Africa is regarded as one of the top wine producing countries in the world. One of the threats to the sustainability of the wine industry is viral diseases of which Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3) and Grapevine virus A (GVA) are considered to be the most important and wide spread. Scion material is regularly tested for viruses; however scion material is often grafted onto rootstocks that have questionable phytosanitary status. Virus detection in rootstocks is challenging due to low and v

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6

Rathjen, John Paul. "Aspects of luteovirus molecular biology in relation to the interaction between BYDV-PAV and the Yd2 resistance gene of barley /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1995. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phr2342.pdf.

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7

Li, Sizhun. "SnRK1-eIF4E Interaction in Translational Control and Antiviral Defense." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1417694518.

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8

Maree, H. J. (Hans Jacob). "The expression of Dianthin 30, a ribosome inactivating protein." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53633.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Ribosome inactivating proteins (RIPs) are currently classified as rRNA N-glycosidases, but also have polynucleotide: adenosine glycosidase activity. RIPs are believed to have anti-viral and anti-fungal properties, but the exact mechanism of these proteins still need to be elucidated.The mechanism of resistance however, appears to be independent of the pathogen. For resistance the RIP terminates virus infected plant cells and stops the reproduction and spread of the virus. Transgenic plants containing RIPs should thus be re

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9

Wahyuni, Wiwiek Sri. "Variation among cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) isolates and their interaction with plants." Title page, contents and summary only, 1992. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phw137.pdf.

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Includes appendix containing journal publications co-authored by the author. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 130-151). Eighteen strains of Cucumber mosaic virus, including forteen from Australia, two from the USA, and two from Japan were used in this study.

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10

Vaitkunas, Katrina Emilee. "The genetics of TCV resistance." Link to electronic thesis, 2003. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-0428103-102720.

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11

Chingandu, Nomatter, and Nomatter Chingandu. "Genomic Characterization of the Cacao Swollen Shoot Virus Complex and other Theobroma Cacao-Infecting Badnaviruses." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621859.

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The cacao swollen shoot disease of Theobroma cacao L. (cacao) is caused by Cacao swollen shoot virus (CSSV; genus, Badnavirus, family, Caulimoviridae). The virus is endemic to West Africa, where it poses a serious threat to cocoa production. Despite efforts to control CSSV spread by replacement of infected trees with tolerant cultivars and mealybug vector management, the disease is widespread in West Africa. In Trinidad, leaf mosaic and vein-banding symptoms have been observed in cacao plants in the field since the 1940s, and recently at the International Cocoa Genebank (ICGT), a custodian of

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12

Baskaran, Darshan. "Investigating the role of a dynamic actin cytoskeleton and its regulators for HIV-1 entry in macrophages." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:497e66e0-4b67-4e0e-9616-07628e493293.

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Macrophages are one of the three main human cell types infected by HIV-1. They are highly plastic cells requiring a dynamic actin cytoskeleton for their role in development, homeostasis, tissue repair and immunity. For HIV-1, disrupting actin in macrophages is detrimental in that it leads to a complete block of viral uptake and reduces reverse transcription but, significantly, not fusion. Rho GTPases (Rac1, RhoA and Cdc42) regulate many aspects of actin dynamics including those required for endocytosis. Using a pharmacological approach, it was shown that Rac1 along with Rho GTPase effectors Pa

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13

Du, Preez Jacques. "The construction of an infectious clone of grapevine virus A (GV A)." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1012.

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14

MacKenzie, Donald J. "Molecular characterization of potato virus S and genetic engineering of virus resistant plants." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30622.

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The sequence of 3553 nucleotides corresponding to the 3'-terminal region of potato virus S (PVS) has been determined from cloned cDNA. The sequence obtained contains six open reading frames with the potential to encode proteins of Mr 10,734, Mr 32,515, Mr 7,222, Mr 11,802, Mr 25,092 and at least Mr 41,052. The amino acid sequence of the 33K ORF has been confirmed to be that of the viral coat protein gene. The nucleotide sequence of this ORF was obtained from expression plasmids which were isolated by binding with a specific monoclonal antibody to PVS, and the expression of coat protein fusion

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15

Spetz, Carl. "Molecular studies on a complex of potyviruses infecting solanaceous crops, and some specific virus-host interactions /." Uppsala : Dept. of Plant Biology and Forest Genetics, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2003. http://epsilon.slu.se/a421.pdf.

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16

Balcı, Evrim Doğanlar Sami. "Genetic characterization of cucumber mosaic virus(CMV)resistance in tomato and pepper." [s.l.]: [s.n.], 2005. http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tezler/master/biyoloji/T000388.pdf.

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17

Arnim, Albrecht G. von. "Genetic analysis of geminivirus systemic spread and symptom induction." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.304696.

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18

Lennefors, Britt-Louise. "Molecular breeding for resistance to rhizomania in sugar beets /." Uppsala : Department of Plant Biology and Forest Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2006. http://epsilon.slu.se/2006106.pdf.

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19

Brigneti, Gianinna. "Molecular and genetical analysis of the Ry-mediated resistance to potato virus Y in potato." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389221.

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20

Wang, Daowen. "A study of the genetic and structural basis of pea seed-borne mosaic virus seed transmission in pea." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357245.

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21

Escaler, Margarita. "Changes in host gene expression associated with plant virus replication." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302215.

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22

Liu, Zun Kearney Christopher Michel. "New viral vectors for the expression of antigens and antibodies in plants." Waco, Tex. : Baylor University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2104/5341.

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23

Mkhize, Thokozani M. "The detection of cherry leaf-roll nepovirus and the use of molecular markers for germplasm identification in walnuts (Juglans regia L.)." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53624.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to combine two common diagnostic tools: serological kits and genetic fingerprinting to identify cherry leaf-roll nepovirus (CLRV), and to establish a marker system to characterize walnut germplasm. The detection of plant viruses is difficult. Restrictions are imposed for quarantine purposes on the importation of plant material from foreign countries. Modern techniques such as a PCR based screening method for CLRV are required to ensure material do not harbour viruses. A primer pair was designed t

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24

Musa, Muawiya Abarshi. "Molecular diagnostics, genetic diversity and generating infectious clones for cassava brown streak viruses." Thesis, University of Greenwich, 2012. http://gala.gre.ac.uk/9092/.

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Cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) threatens cassava production in eastern and southern African countries. Diagnostic protocols currently available for the causal agents of CBSD, Cassava brown streak virus (CBSV) and Cassava brown streak Uganda virus (CBSUV), were unreliable but were urgently needed. In this study, sampling procedures and diagnostic protocols were developed for accurate and reliable detection of both CBSV and CBSUV. The cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) method of RNA extraction was optimized for sample preparation from infected cassava plants and compared with the commerc

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25

Carr, Tyrell. "Genetic and molecular investigation of compatible plant-virus interactions." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2007.

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26

Kramm, Anneke. "Identification and characterisation of epigenetic mechanisms in osteoblast differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b6f7a356-b20f-4988-8770-8bebc233bf4b.

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A major therapeutic challenge in musculoskeletal regenerative medicine is how to effectively replenish bone tissue lost due to pathological conditions such as fracture, osteoporosis, or rheumatoid arthritis. Mesenchymal stem cells are currently investigated for applications in bone-tissue engineering and human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) could be a promising source for generation of tissue-engineered bone. However, the therapeutic potential of MSCs has not been fully exploited due to a lack of knowledge regarding the identity, nature, and differentiation of hMSCs. Epigen

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27

Posthuma, Karin Ingeborg. "Molecular detection of strawberry crinkle virus and cloning of plant genes associated with infection." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342275.

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28

Visser, Marike. "Small RNA profiling of virus-infected apple plants." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95828.

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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Apple stem grooving virus (ASGV) is globally associated with latent infection in commercial apple trees. Little is known about this plant-‐virus interaction. This study made use of next-‐generation sequencing to investigate the effect of virus-‐infection on the expression of the different small RNA (sRNA) species namely, miRNAs, nat-‐siRNAs, phasiRNAs, rasiRNAs, tRNA-‐derived sRNAs and vsiRNAs. Broad and narrow size-‐range datasets were generated using sRNA libraries prepared from total and size-‐selected RNA, res

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29

Ramsell, Jon. "Genetic variability of Wheat dwarf virus /." Uppsala : Dept. of Plant Biology and Forest Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2007. http://epsilon.slu.se/200797.pdf.

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30

Blignaut, Marguerite. "The molecular and biological characterisation of ORF5 of three South African variants of Grapevine Vitivirus A." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2421.

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Thesis (MSc (Genetics))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.<br>Grapevine Vitivirus A (GVA), genus Vitivirus, family Flexiviridae is a well characterised single-stranded RNA virus that has been implicated in the grapevine diseases, Kober stem grooving and Shiraz disease. The virus infects both its host, Vitis vinifera and the experimental model plant, Nicotiana spp.. Biological studies performed on the virus in its herbaceous host, Nicotiana benthami- ana, revealed that many divergent variants of the virus exists in South Africa and can induce di erent symptoms in the model plant. Further

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31

Behjatnia, Seyyed Ali Akbar. "Characterisation of DNA replication of tomato leaf curl geminivirus /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ACP/09acpb419.pdf.

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32

Van, Eeden C. (Christiaan). "The construction of gene silencing transformation vectors for the introduction of multiple-virus resistance in grapevines." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53764.

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Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Viruses are some of the most important pathogens of grapevines. There are no effective chemical treatments, and no grapevine- or other natural resistance genes have been discovered against grapevine infecting viruses. The primary method of grapevine virus control is prevention by biological indexing and molecular- and serological screening of rootstocks and scions before propagation. Due to the spread of grapevine viruses through insect vectors, and in the case of GRSPaV the absence of serological screening, these metho

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33

Sakamoto, Tetsu. "The tomato RLK superfamily: phylogeny and functional predictions about the role of the LRRII- RLK subfamily in antiviral defense." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2012. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/4804.

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:42:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 7011501 bytes, checksum: 91e769b2bb42693898b81b66b463f1e3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-03<br>Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais<br>Receptores cinases (RLKs) compõem uma grande famíla de proteínas transmembrânicas que possuem funções importantes na propagação e percepção de sinais celulares nas plantas. Em Arabidopsis thaliana, a superfamília de RLK é composta de mais de 600 membros e vários destes, principalmente aqueles que possuem repetições ricas em leucina (LRR), sã

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34

Gammelgård, Elin. "Interactions of potato virus A with host plants : recombination, gene silencing and non-hypersensitive resistance /." Uppsala : Dept. of Plant Biology and Forest Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2007. http://epsilon.slu.se/2007111.pdf.

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35

Jeong, Rae-Dong. "MOLECULAR, GENETIC AND BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF RESISTANCE PROTEIN-MEDIATED SIGNALING AGAINST TURNIP CRINKLE VIRUS." UKnowledge, 2011. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/181.

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Infection of the resistant Arabidopsis ecotype Di-17 with Turnip Crinkle Virus (TCV) elicits hypersensitive response (HR), accompanied by increased expression of defense genes. HR to TCV is conferred by HRT, which encodes a coiled-coil (CC)-nucleotide-binding site (NBS)-leucine-rich repeat (LRR) class of resistance (R) protein. In contrast to HR, resistance requires HRT and a recessive locus designated rrt. Unlike most CC-NBS-LRR R proteins, HRT-mediated resistance is dependent on EDS1 and independent of NDR1. Resistance is also dependent on salicylic acid (SA) pathway and light. A dark treatm

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36

Pereira, Juliana Aparecida. "Resposta de genótipos de citros à leprose e variabilidade genética da ORF p29 do vírus da leprose dos citros C (CiLV-C)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11138/tde-31052012-082524/.

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Os vírus possuem potencial de variabilidade genética muito alto, isso porque necessitam divergir seu material genético suficientemente para se adaptar às inúmeras mudanças às quais são submetidos. Portanto, a variabilidade genética é essencial para a sobrevivência desses organismos; é o primeiro passo para a adaptação em um novo hospedeiro, quebra de resistência, alterações nos sintomas e virulência, o que justifica o interesse em estudos nessa área. Os estudos de variabilidade consistem numa excelente ferramenta para a compreensão da evolução dos vírus e busca pelo manejo adequado de doenças

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37

Bertioli, David John. "The coat protein of arabis mosaic virus and it's expression in plants, insect cells and bacteria." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306084.

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38

Zhan, Ye. "Molecular analysis of turnip crinkle virus coat protein mutations." Link to electronic thesis, 2002. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-0430102-142639.

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39

Kathiria, Palak, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Transgenerational changes in progeny of compatible pathogen infected plants." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Dept. of Biological Sciences, 2010, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/2588.

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40

Van, Straten Celene Debra. "The construction of plant expression vectors for the introduction of leafroll disease resistance in grapevine." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51950.

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Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2000.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Grapevine leafroll is one of the most damaging viral diseases that affect many viticultural regions of the world. Numerous reports over the last few years have associated closterovirus-like particles with leafroll disease. To date, eight serologically distinct closteroviruses have been isolated from leafroll infected vines, of which grapevine leafroll associated closterovirus-3 (GLRaV-3) is the best characterized. Virus resistance in transgenic plants based on the expression of a virusderived gene is known as pathogen

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41

Cordero, Cucart Maria Teresa. "Aplicaciones del factor de transcripción Rosea1 de la ruta de las antocianinas como marcador visual en virología molecular y biotecnología de plantas." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/171455.

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Tesis por compendio<br>[ES] Los virus de plantas poseen la capacidad de parasitar células vegetales y poner a su disposición la maquinaria celular de la planta para la síntesis de sus propias proteínas. Aprovechando esta capacidad, la ingeniería genética ha dirigido muchos de sus esfuerzos en la modificación del genoma viral para utilizar los virus de plantas como vectores de expresión de proteínas de interés humano. Los potyvirus son un grupo de virus de plantas ampliamente estudiado y utilizado en biotecnología. Su genoma está formado por un RNA de cadena sencilla que codifica, principalment

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42

Tairo, Fred. "Molecular resolution of genetic variability of major sweetpotato viruses and improved diagnosis of potyviruses co-infecting sweetpotato /." Uppsala : Dept. of Plant Biology and Foresty Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2006. http://epsilon.slu.se/200605.pdf.

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43

Plante, Daniel 1970. "Interaction of the turnip mosaic potyvirus VPg with the plant translation apparatus." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=37812.

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An interaction was recently detected between the potyviral protein, genome-linked (VPg) and the Arabidopsis thaliana translation initiation factor eIF(iso)4E (Wittmann et al., 1997).<br>Here, experiments were undertaken to address biological aspects of the VPg-eIF4E interaction. First, coimmunoprecipitation experiments performed with purified recombinant proteins have shown that VPg not only associates with eIF4E, as was previously published, but also with the larger eIF4F complex, of which eIF4E is a subunit. These results were confirmed by ELISA-type binding assays. It was also shown that th

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44

Melander, Margareta. "Transgenic resistance to pathogens and pests /." Alnarp : Dept. of Crop Science, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2004. http://epsilon.slu.se/a496.pdf.

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45

Teixeira, Ana Paula Matoso. "Identificação de marcadores moleculares ligados a gene de resistência ao vírus do mosaico (PRSV-W) em melão (Cucumis melo L.)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11135/tde-10112004-153914/.

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A importância da cultura do meloeiro é crescente no Brasil, sobretudo na região Nordeste, tanto pelo volume comercializado como por ser estabelecida geralmente em pequenas propriedades. Diversas enfermidades acometem esta cultura, destacando-se as viroses. Dentre estas, o mosaico, causado pelo Papaya ringspot virus - estirpe melancia (PRSV-W) é das mais importantes. Dentre as estratégias de controle desta doença, o emprego de cultivares resistentes apresenta-se como um método prático e eficiente. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar marcadores moleculares do tipo AFLP ligados ao g

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46

Newbert, Max John. "The genetic diversity of Turnip yellows virus in oilseed rape (Brassica napus) in Europe : pathogenic determinants, new sources of resistance and host range." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2016. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/79104/.

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The aphid transmitted Polerovirus Turnip yellows virus (TuYV) was found to be widespread with high incidences in oilseed rape (OSR) across Europe. UK, France, Germany and Poland all having >90% TuYV incidence in some OSR crops. From the 179 whole TuYV genomes sequenced in this study the phylogenetic analyses indicated three distinct genetic groups in the UK, two of which were also detected in Europe. These three genotypes were also distinct from the original sequenced TuYV-FL. These groups are proposed to be distinct species due to their genetic distance based on the most variable gene ORF5 an

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47

Balyejusa, Kizito Elizabeth. "Genetic and root growth studies in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) : implications for breeding /." Uppsala : Dept. of Plant Biology and Forest Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2006. http://epsilon.slu.se/200682.pdf.

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48

Sassi, Giovanna. "Relative quantification of host gene expression and protein accumulation upon turnip mosaic potyvirus infection in tobacco." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=81433.

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Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) infects a variety of crops, worldwide, including the economically relevant Brassicacea family. It was previously demonstrated that TuMV infection in tobacco protoplasts leads to an overall decrease of host protein. However, it remains unclear whether this phenomenon is due to the repression of plant gene transcription during the infection period or due to viral inhibition of host translation. In this study, quantification of various transcripts and protein products from infected tobacco was performed via real-time RT-PCR and ELISA. In comparison to the gamma-t

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49

Liebenberg, Annerie. "The development of an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of the South African strain(s) of grapevine fanleaf nepovirus." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1909.

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50

Presello, Daniel A. "Studies on breeding of maize for resistance to ear rots caused by Fusarium spp. and on the occurrence of viruses in maize in eastern Canada." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=38260.

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Responses from pedigree selection for resistance to gibberella ear rot were assessed in four maize (Zea mays L.) populations, two selected after inoculation of Fusarium graminearum (Schwabe) macroconidia into the silk channel and two selected after inoculation into developing kernels. Responses were significant in both populations selected for silk resistance and in one of the populations selected for kernel resistance. Selection was more effective in later generations and genetic gains were associated with among-family selection but not with within-family selection. Results obtained here indi

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