Academic literature on the topic 'Plantago psyllium'

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Journal articles on the topic "Plantago psyllium"

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Saeedi, Majid, Katayoun Morteza-Semnani, Farshad Ansoroudi, Saeed Fallah, and Gholamreza Amin. "Evaluation of binding properties of Plantago psyllium seed mucilage." Acta Pharmaceutica 60, no. 3 (September 1, 2010): 339–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10007-010-0028-5.

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Evaluation of binding properties ofPlantago psylliumseed mucilageMucilage extracted fromPlantago psylliumseeds was evaluated for inertness and safety parameters. The suitability of psyllium mucilage for a pharmaceutical binder was assessed in paracetamol tablets. Properties of the granules prepared using different concentrations of psyllium mucilage was compared with PVP and tragacanth. Psyllium mucilage at 5 % (m/m) was found to be comparable with 3 % (m/m) of PVP. Investigated paracetamol tablets indicated that psyllium mucilage can retard the drug release.
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Jimoh, M. A., W. MacNaughtan, H. E. L. Williams, D. Greetham, R. L. Linforth, and I. D. Fisk. "Sodium ion interaction with psyllium husk (Plantago sp.)." Food & Function 7, no. 9 (2016): 4041–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6fo00785f.

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The nature of and factors effecting sodium interaction with psyllium were investigated in vitro. The feasibility of use of psyllium husk to reduce the bioavailable fraction of ingested sodium is demonstrated.
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Neamah, S. I. "INDUCING SOME SECONDARY METABOLITES FROM CALLUS CULTURES DERIVED FROM Plantago psyllium AND Plantago major EXPOSED TO COBALT STRESS." IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 51, no. 3 (June 26, 2020): 938–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v51i3.1049.

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This experiment was conducted to study the influence of cobalt concentrations on the production of seven flavonoid compounds in callus derived from Plantago psyllium L. and Plantago major L. Results showed that the best combination of 2,4-D and kinetin concentrations add to Muroshige and Skoog medium to obtain the highest fresh weight of 541.0 mg was 3.0 and 1.0 mg.L-1 respectively. psyllium stimulated callus produced the highest fresh weight of 365.7 mg. The addition of 75 ppm of cobalt resulted in a significantly lower fresh weight of P. psyllium callus (139.8 mg). The interaction between Plantago species and cobalt concentrations was significant. The callus inducted from P. major had significant increases of the scutallarein, apigenin, nepetin and luteolin compounds with 26.40, 22.64, 14.93 and 26.20 µg.100mg-1 dry weight, respectively. The production of the hispidulin compound was increased in P. psyllium at 29.40 µg.100mg-1 dry weight. Also, the addition of cobalt metal stimulated the production of flavonoids at 50 ppm cobalt producing the highest amounts of hispidulin and luteolin at 40.30 and 41.60 µg.100mg-1 dry weight, respectively. Meanwhile, 75 ppm cobalt treatment produced the highest amount of scutallarein, apigenin, nepetin and aucubin at 25.61, 23.25, 15.90 and 13.70 µg.100mg-1 dry weight, respectively. The callus inducted from P. major treated with 50 ppm of cobalt showed the highest production of scutallarein, apigenin and luteolin at 30.33, 32.26 and 51.90 µg.100mg-1 dry weight respectively. Baicalein reached 16.46 µg.100mg-1 dry weight, at 75 ppm of cobalt metal treatment in callus inducted from P. psyllium.
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Plotnikova, E. Yu, T. Yu Gracheva, M. N. Sinkovа, and L. K. Isakov. "The role of dietary fiber in the correction of digestion and constipation of various etiologies." Medical Council, no. 14 (October 11, 2019): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2019-14-99-106.

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Psyllium is a predominantly soluble fiber among other natural plant-based dietary fiber used in food and pharmaceuticals and is sold as a laxative fiber. Isphagula (lat. ispaghula)– international nonproprietary name of a medicine of «psyllium». Accordingly to ATX belongs to the group of «Laxatives», subgroup «A06AC «Laxatives increasing volume of intestinal contents» (Bulking laxatives) and has the following code and name: «A06AC01 «Ispaghula» (plantain oval seeds)». Isphagula is a medical dietary fiber; in the context of gastrointestinal problems in terms of «ispaghula» and «psyllium» are synonymous. Psyllium flour has virtually no digestible carbohydrates. This fact is a significant advantage of psyllium over oat bran, in which such carbohydrates are more than 60%. A distinctive feature of psyllium is that it is almost completely (80–85%) consists of fiber (about 70% of which is soluble), which in contact with water turns into a soft gel. Only 1 gram of fiber ground fiber flour is able to absorb up to 45 ml of water. In the colon, psyllium is resistant to fermentation, remains intact in the feces and significantly increases the water content in the feces, providing a laxative effect. Psyllium softens hard stools in constipation, normalizes loose stools in diarrhea, and normalizes stool shape in patients with IBS, relieving gastrointestinal symptoms. Dietary supplement «Fitomucil® Norm» contains 4.5 g of psyllium (Plantago psyllium), and dry pulp of prunes (Prunus domestica) – 0.5 g. This combination of psyllium and prunes can be widely used in patients with constipation and other functional digestive disorders in different age groups, including pregnant and lactating women, as a first-line remedy.
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Ledentsova, S. S., N. I. Gulyaev, S. I. Sitkin, and P. V. Seliverstov. "Acne as a common extraintestinal manifestation of celiac disease. Treatment approaches." Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council, no. 21 (January 17, 2021): 126–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2020-21-126-135.

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Introduction. At present, global prevalence of celiac disease attracts increasingly greater attention of researchers. The study of its extraintestinal manifestations is a crucial task for early and timely diagnosis of the disease, as well as the identification of new risk groups. To date, there are only isolated publications concerning the study of celiac disease incidence in patients with acne. This topic is of particular interest since systemic retinoids with a hepatotoxic effect and antibiotics significantly affecting the intestinal microflora are the first-line drugs in the treatment of moderate and severe acne. Undoubtedly, these side effects influence on the course of acne in celiac patients. So, to prevent the complications of the treatment, it is necessary to search, develop and introduce into practice safe combinations, including drugs having a protective effect both for the intestinal microflora and for the liver. It is known that psyllium (Plantago ovata seed shells/Ispaghula husks) have similar effects.Objective. To study the effect of psyllium on the tolerability and effectiveness of systemic therapy with isotretinoin and doxycycline in patients with moderate acne with celiac disease. Material and methods. We examined 65 patients with celiac disease suffering from moderate acne, who were randomized into two groups – group 1 (taking an antibiotic – doxycycline) and group 2 (taking a systemic retinoid – isotretinoin), then each group was divided into two subgroups A and B, depending on the prebiotic intake (powder of oval plantain seeds shells Plantago ovata Forssk (psyllium). The patients were followed up for 8 and 24 weeks, respectively. All patients received adjuvant topical therapy. In each group, a medical check-up was done before treatment, 2 months after the onset and then after the treatment completion.Conclusion. Patients in both subgroups who received psyllium in addition to antibiotics and systemic retinoids treatment showed better results after treatment in terms of skin condition, overall health and quality of life.
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MAN, Simona Maria, Adriana PAUCEAN, Sevastita MUSTE, Anamaria POP, and Elena Andruta MURESAN. "Influence of Psyllium husk (Plantago ovata) on Bread Quality." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Food Science and Technology 74, no. 1 (May 16, 2017): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-fst:12631.

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It is well supported that a significant intake of dietary fibre reduces the risk of several chronic diseases. The development of staple foods enriched with fibre is an important contribution to a broader supply of food products with health beneficial effect. In this sense, the objective of this work is the development of bread enriched with psyllium fibre. Four experimental variants obtained by substituting wheat flour with different proportions (0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%) of psyllium husk were used. Bread samples were subjected to physico-chemical examination: humidity, weight, volume and specific volume of bread, crumb porosity and elasticity (according to STAS 91 -2007). The results showed an increment for the hydration capacity of the dough. The volume of the breads decreased as the level of psyllium husk increased, due the dilution of gluten content in the blend and due to the interactions among fiber components, water and gluten. Nevertheless, substitution at 5%, 10% and 15%, gave quality parameters at least as good as for the control sample and produced acceptable bread, in terms of weight, volume and rheological properties.
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Sadeghi, Ehsan, Reza Mohammadi, Mohammad H. Shirgardoun, Fatemeh Askari, Masoumeh Taghizadeh, and Narges Omidi Arjenaki. "Optimization of Crude Polysaccharides Extraction from Plantago ovata Forsk Seed by Response Surface Methodology." Current Nutrition & Food Science 16, no. 3 (April 27, 2020): 354–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573401315666190131153746.

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Background: Plantago ovata Forsk (Psyllium seed) is an annual plant of plantago genus. This plant widely grows in India and Iran. The Psyllium seed contains mucilage, protein, sugar, fat and tannins. Seed’s husk is a known source to extract hydrocolloid. Objective: The aim of this study was to optimize gum extraction from the Psyllium seed. Methods: The response surface methodology (RSM) was used to estimate the effect of independent variables on the extraction yield of Psyllium gum. The obtained experimental data were fitted to a second- order polynomial equation using multiple regression analysis and analyzed by appropriate statistical methods. A central composite design (CCD) was used for experimental design and analysis of the results to obtain the best possible combination of extraction temperature (X1= 60-80°C), extraction time (X2= 1-3 h), and the ratio of water to raw material (X3= 30-70%) for the maximum gum extraction. Results: Optimum extraction conditions were extraction temperature of 79°C, extraction time of 2.5 h, and the ratio of water to the raw material of 57%. The experimental extraction yield under optimal conditions was found to be 9 ± 0.25%, which was in agreement with the predicted value of 9.4%. Conclusion: This study showed that Psyllium gum can be used as a hydrocolloid source for pharmaceutical and food industry such as edible films for food packaging.
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Collado-Chagoya, Rodrigo, Javier Hernández-Romero, Gumaro Alejandro Eliosa-Alvarado, Ana Del Carmen García-González, Rosa Isela Campos-Gutiérrez, Andrea Velasco-Medina, and Guillermo Velázquez-Sámano. "Anafilaxia secundaria a plantago psyllium. Reporte de caso." Revista Alergia México 65, no. 1 (April 10, 2018): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.29262/ram.v65i1.282.

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Antecedentes: El psyllium es un derivado de la semilla y cáscara pulverizada de Plantago ovata, que se usa como laxante de volumen debido a sus propiedades hidrocoloides.Reporte de caso: Mujer de 43 años, de profesión enfermera, con diagnóstico de alergia a fármacos y rinitis alérgica, quien posterior a la preparación y administración de un laxante presentó síntomas rinoconjuntivales, síndrome urticariforme, angioedema y broncoespasmo, por lo que se concluyó que presentaba anafilaxia. Fue tratada con adrenalina, corticoides y antihistamínicos. Después de la resolución del cuadro, por pruebas in vivo mediante técnica de punción cutánea y por estudio in vitro (IgE específica) se determinó hipersensibilidad a plantago psyllium.Discusión: La mayoría de los casos de anafilaxia se ha reportado por ingestión de psyllium debido a que por esa vía es mayor la carga antigénica. Llama la atención la paciente descrita, en quien la exposición fue únicamente por inhalación, sin embargo, las manifestaciones que presentó fueron potencialmente letales.
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Andrzejewska-Golec, Emilia, and Jacek Świętosławski. "The morphology of hairs in species of Plantago L. sectio Oreades Decne." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 58, no. 4 (2014): 549–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.1989.042.

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The hairs of three taxa of sectio <em>Oreades </em>Decne genus <em>Plantago </em>have been studied. We have found that hair typical for the majority of representatives of the genus <em>Plantago, </em>that is, with a unicellular stalk and head vertically divided into two cells, occur in these studied taxa. Some of the headless hairs occurring here are similar to those occurring in sectio <em>Arnoglossum </em>Decne. Rahn's (1978) suggestion of transferring sectio <em>Oreades </em>to the subgenus <em>Psyllium </em>seems wrong since the representatives of this section, in contrast to subgenus <em>Psyllium, </em>do not have hairs with the stalks consisting of several cells and unicellular heads, club-like hairs or iridoid-plantarenaloside. They contain, however, hairs with overlapping cells and iridoid-catapol, which is absent in the taxa of subgenus <em>Psyllium</em>.
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Andrzejewska-Golec, Emilia. "Ontogeny of trichomes in taxa of the genus Plantago subg. Psyllium (Plantaginaceae)." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 63, no. 2 (2014): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.1994.028.

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This paper is a continuation of the investigation of hair ontogeny in taxa of the <i>Plantaginaceae</i> family. The previous publication dealt with the development of hairs in representatives of the subgenus <i>Plantago</i>. The present paper concerns the investgation of 5 species of the subgenus <i>Psyllium</i>: <i>Plantago squarrosa</i>, <i>P. arenaria</i>, <i>P. afra</i>, <i>P. webbii</i> and <i>P. arborescens</i>. The development of three types of headed hairs and one type of headless hair has been studied. The hypotetic phylogeny of the hairs of the genus <i>Plantago</i> is presented.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Plantago psyllium"

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Dorta, Sílvia de Oliveira. "Produção de plantas transgênicas de citros expressando toxina de Bacillus thuringiensis visando ao controle de Diaphorina citri, inseto vetor do agente causal do huanglongbing (HLB)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11138/tde-01082018-155223/.

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Diaphorina citri é o inseto vetor das bactérias Candidatus Liberibacter spp., causadoras do huanglongbing (HLB), doença que tem causado sérios danos e grandes perdas econômicas à citricultura mundial, pois acomete todas as variedades comerciais de citros e não existem genótipos comerciais resistentes. Por esta razão, têm-se buscado estratégias que auxiliem no controle do inseto vetor, hoje feito quase que exclusivamente com o uso de excessivas aplicações de agroquímicos que aumentam o custo de produção e potencializam a agressão ao meio ambiente. Tem-se vislumbrado o desenvolvimento de plantas transgênicas que aumentem a resposta de defesa da planta contra Ca. Liberibacter spp. ou o vetor de forma mais efetiva, pelo direcionamento da expressão de genes alvo em tecidos específico, controlados por promotores de floema ou constitutivo. Nosso grupo tem buscado estratégias ainda não utilizadas em citros, mas efetivas para outras culturas, como o uso da bactéria entomopatogênica Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) para o controle de D. citri. Essa bactéria se destaca devido à produção de proteínas com atividades inseticidas contra diversas fases imaturas de insetos, por isso tem sido amplamente utilizada tanto na produção de bioinseticidas quanto, principalmente, na produção de plantas transgênicas em culturas como algodão, milho e soja. Em trabalhos anteriores, identificamos que o gene cry11 codifica uma toxina capaz de causar elevada mortalidade em ninfas do psilídeo dos citros 120 horas após sua inoculação em seedlings de citros. Este gene foi clonado para a expressão em tecido de plantas de laranja doce sob o direcionamento de dois promotores, um específico de floema e o outro constitutivo. Foram obtidas 19 plantas transgênicas, com a inserção de uma a três cópias do transgene em seus genomas. Algumas delas apresentaram elevados níveis de expressão do transcrito. Todas essas plantas foram propagadas via enxertia em limoeiro Cravo e estão praticamente prontas para serem desafiadas com ninfas de D. citri. Esse é o primeiro esforço para a produção de citrus Bt visando ao manejo do HLB dos citros.
Diaphorina citri is the insect vector of Candidatus Liberibacter spp., the causal agents of huanglongbing (HLB), the most devastating disease of citrus worldwide, due to the severe losses it induces and the lack of commercial resistant genotypes. For this reason, strategies have been sought to assist in the control of the insect vector, nowadays done almost exclusively with the use of excessive applications of agrochemicals that increase the cost of production and potentiate the aggression to the environment. It has been envisioned the development of transgenic plants that increase the defense response of the plant against Ca. Liberibacter spp. or the vector more effectively, by targeting the expression of target genes in specific tissues, controlled by phloem or constitutive promoters. Our group has sought strategies not yet used in citrus, but effective for other crops, such as the use of the entomopathogenic bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) for the control of D. citri. This bacterium stands out due to the production of proteins with insecticidal activity against several immature phases of insects, so it has been widely used both in the production of bioinsecticides and mainly in the production of transgenic plants in crops such as cotton, corn and soybean. In previous work, we have identified that the cry11 gene encodes a toxin capable of causing high mortality of citrus psyllid nymphs 120 hours after inoculation in citrus seedlings. This gene was cloned for expression in sweet orange plant tissue under the guidance of two promoters, one phloem specific and the other constitutive. Nineteen transgenic plants were obtained, with the insertion of one to three copies of the transgene into their genomes. Some of them had high levels of transcript expression. All these plants were propagated via grafting in Clove lemon tree and are practically ready to be challenged with D. citri nymphs. This is the first effort to produce citrus Bt for the management of citrus HLB.
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Beloti, Vitor Hugo. "Utilização de Murraya koenigii como planta-isca visando o manejo do psilídeo Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11146/tde-26072018-135124/.

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Atualmente, o controle da doença Huanglongbing (HLB) ou greening é baseado, principalmente, no controle químico do inseto vetor Diaphorina citri, realizado por meio de aplicações intensivas de produtos químicos, o que vem causando surtos de pragas secundárias, ressurgência de pragas, seleção de população resistente e eliminação dos inimigos naturais. Com esse trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar a possibilidade da utilização da planta de curry (Murraya koenigii) como planta-isca para o manejo do psilídeo D. citri. Para isso, foram realizados os seguintes testes: i) teste de transmissão de \'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus\' para determinar se a planta de curry não é hospedeira da bactéria; ii) teste de comportamento de escolha, para verificar a preferência hospedeira de D. citri em plantas de curry em relação a citros; iii) teste de comportamento alimentar do psilídeo por meio da técnica de Electrical Penetration Graphs (EPG) em plantas de curry, visando entender a alimentação do inseto nessa planta; iv) seleção de inseticidas sistêmicos para uso em plantas de curry, determinando o período residual e eficiência; e v) teste com plantio-isca em um talhão de citros, no qual foram instaladas plantas de curry em frente as plantas de citros e o psilídeo foi monitorado com o uso de armadilhas adesivas amarelas. Como resultado, observouse que a planta de curry não é hospedeira da bactéria \'Ca. L. asiaticus\' por meio da inoculação pelo psilídeo D. citri, e, em teste de livre escolha e de olfatômetro, é mais atrativa para o psilídeo do que a planta de citros, em condições laboratoriais. O comportamento alimentar do psilídeo em plantas de curry é diferente do que em citros e murta, sendo que o consumo da seiva do xilema em plantas de curry é maior. Além disso, inseticidas aplicados via \'drench\', como thiamethoxam e imidacloprid, nessa planta, são eficientes contra D. citri, pois controlam o psilídeo adulto por mais de 70 dias após a aplicação e, no campo, a captura de espécimes nas parcelas com a planta de curry foi maior, podendo concluir, portanto, que a planta de curry M. koenigii apresenta potencial para ser utilizada como plantio isca para manejo do psilídeo D. citri e, consequentemente, da doença HLB.
Currently, the control of the disease Huanglongbing (HLB) or greening is based mainly on the chemical control of the insect vector Diaphorina citri, through intensive applications of insecticides, which has been causing secondary pest outbreaks, pest resurgence, selection of population resistant and elimination of natural enemies. The goal of this work was to evaluate the possibility of using the curry leaf (Murraya koenigii) as a trap crop for the management of the D. citri. For this, the following tests have been performed: i) Transmission test of \'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus\' to determine if the curry leaf is not a host for the bacterium; ii) test of choice behavior, to verify the host preference of D. citri to curry leaves in relation to citrus plants; iii) test of probing behavior in curry leaf using the Electrical Penetration Graphs (EPG) technique, in order to understand the feeding of the insect on this plant; iv) selection of systemic insecticides for use in curry leaf, determining the residual period and efficiency; and v) test with trap crop in a citrus orchard, in which curry plants were installed in front of the citrus plants and the psyllid was monitored with the yellow stick traps. As a result, it has been observed that the curry leaf is not a host to \'Ca. L. asiaticus\' by the D. citri inoculation and, in a free choice and olfactometer test, is more attractive to the psyllid than the citrus plant under laboratory conditions. The probing behavior of the psyllid in curry leaf is different from citrus and orange jasmine, being the ingestion of xylem sap in curry leaf higher. In addition, the insecticides applied by \'drench\' such as thiamethoxam and imidacloprid in these plants are efficient against D. citri for more than 70 days after application and, in the field, the capture of psyllids in the plots with the curry leaf was higher and could therefore conclude that, the curry leaf M. koenigii is a potencial plant to be used as a trap crop for the management of D. citri and consequently, the disease HLB.
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Chinelato, Grêssa Amanda. "Dinâmica temporal e distribuição espacial de Huanglongbing (HLB, Greening) e seu inseto vetor (Diaphorina citri) Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11135/tde-05102017-141018/.

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Uma das principais doenças da citricultura é o Huanglongbing (HLB, Greening). Não há métodos curativos para o manejo do HLB e minimizam-se seus danos com a eliminação de plantas com sintomas da doença e com o controle do inseto vetor. A manutenção de áreas com plantas doentes e sem o controle de D. citri resulta em risco para a viabilidade econômica de pomares nos quais são empregadas essas estratégias de controle. Os objetivos do presente trabalho foram avaliar o progresso temporal de plantas com sintomas de HLB, a distribuição espacial dessas plantas e seu vetor, a dinâmica populacional de D. citri e estimar o número de armadilhas adesivas amarelas para detecção de adultos do vetor. Os dados de campo foram obtidos de três áreas destinadas à produção de citros, que realizavam o controle para o vetor, e outras duas áreas vizinhas que tinham plantas cítricas sem esse controle. Essas áreas foram amostradas de 2012 a 2016 com o emprego de armadilhas adesivas amarelas. As frequências de captura de D. citri, as médias de adultos/armadilha e as incidências de plantas com HLB, foram maiores em lotes vizinhos de áreas não comerciais, em comparação com lotes vizinhos de áreas comerciais regularmente pulverizadas com inseticidas. As áreas comerciais apresentaram médias de 0,01 a 0,05 adulto/armadilha, enquanto as áreas não comerciais apresentaram médias de 0,20 a 1,32 adulto/armadilha. A proporção desses adultos detectados como bacterilíferos variou de 18% a 72%. Os adultos de D. citri foram detectados quase que exclusivamente em armadilhas localizadas nas bordas dos lotes, em comparação com armadilhas colocadas internamente. Oitenta porcento das plantas com HLB estavam até 80 a 160 metros da borda. O modelo exponencial negativo se ajustou aos dados referente à proporção de plantas com HLB em função da distância da borda, com valores do coeficiente angular de 0,01 a 0,02. Plantas com HLB detectadas nesses lotes apresentaram-se distantes entre si até 90,7 metros, indicando que a infecção das plantas foi relacionada à dispersão de adultos de D. citri provenientes de áreas externas. Estimativas precisas para a média de adultos/armadilha exigem o emprego de dezenas a centenas de armadilhas, o que torna esse procedimento impraticável em áreas regularmente pulverizadas com inseticidas. Os modelos de progresso temporal logístico e de Gompertz se ajustaram à maioria dos dados de proporção de plantas com HLB, com taxas de progresso de 0,43 a 1,18 para o modelo logístico e 0,01 a 0,46 para o modelo de Gompertz. Áreas comerciais, mantidas sem a eliminação frequente de plantas com HLB, mas com controle frequente do vetor, podem ser menos importantes como fontes de inóculo do HLB que plantas não comercias, infectadas e sem tratamentos com inseticidas, o que exige ações adicionais, destinadas às áreas não comerciais, na tentativa de se reduzir as infecções primárias de HLB.
Citrus Huanglongbing, also called HLB or Greening, is one of the most important diseases of citrus. There are no curative methods for HLB management. By consequence, roguing and vector control are recommended measures to prevent new infections. The maintenance of areas with infected trees and without D. citri control put under risk the viability of orchards in which HLB control strategies are employed. The objectives of this work were to evaluate the temporal progress of HLB-symptomatic trees, the spatial distribution of HLB-symptomatic trees and its vector, the population dynamics of D. citri and to estimate the number of yellow sticky traps for adult detection. Data were obtained from three commercial areas where HLB were under management by roguing and insecticide sprays, and two additional neighboring areas without HLB control. All areas were sampled from 2012 to 2016 and adults of psyllid vector were sampled by yellow traps. The capture frequencies of D. citri, the average of adults/trap, and the incidences of HLB-symptomatic plants were higher in plots neighboring non-commercial areas, compared to plots neighboring commercial areas regularly sprayed with insecticides. Commercial areas presented averages ranging from 0.01 to 0.05 adult/trap, while non-commercial areas presented averages between 0.20 to 1.32 adult/trap. The proportion of bacteriliferous adults ranged from 18% to 72%. Adults of D. citri were detected almost exclusively in traps located on the edge of the plots, compared to traps placed internally. Eighty percent of the plants with HLB were distant up to 80 to 160 meters from the edge. The negative exponential model was adjusted to the data concerning the proportion of plants with HLB as a function of distance from the edge, with values of the angular coefficient from 0.01 to 0.02. Affected plants detected in those plots were distant to each other up to 90.7 meters, indicating that infection process was related to D. citri adults from external areas. Precise estimates of adults/trap require the adoption of tens to hundred traps per plot, which makes this procedure impractical in areas regularly sprayed with insecticides. Logistic and Gompertz models fitted for the majority of affected plants proportion data. Rates ranged from 0.43 to 1.18 for Logistic and 0.01 to 0.46 for Gompertz model. Commercial areas, maintained without frequent HLB-plant eradication, but with regular vector control, maybe are less important as HLB sources of inoculum than non-commercial HLB-infected plants, never treated with insecticides, which requires additional efforts to attempt a reduction on the primary spread of HLB.
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4

Alves, Gustavo Rodrigues. "Efeitos de variedades citricas sobre o vetor das bactérias associadas ao Huanglongbing (HLB) Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, 1908 (Hemiptera: Liviidae)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11146/tde-03082017-092226/.

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O Huanglongbing (HLB) ou \"greening\" é considerada, atualmente, a mais séria doença da citricultura no mundo, cujos sintomas estão associados às bactérias \"Candidatus Liberibacter spp.\". Uma vez que não há medidas curativas para a doença, o manejo baseia-se em medidas curativas como o controle de Diaphorina citri, vetor do patógeno. Esse inseto apresenta uma gama de hospedeiros de mais de 50 espécies da família Rutaceae, incluído as espécies e variedades do gênero Citrus, porém, nem todos os hospedeiros permitem o completo desenvolvimento do inseto. Dessa forma, objetivou-se com este trabalho verificar a existência de características de variedades cítricas de copa e porta-enxerto, mais utilizadas na citricultura, que afetam os aspectos bioecológicos de D. citri, bem como caracterizá-las, de modo que possam servir de base para desenvolvimento de estratégias de manejo do inseto vetor. Para isso, foram estudados: 1) comportamento de escolha hospedeira de D. citri em diferentes combinações de variedades de copa e porta-enxerto e a identificação dos voláteis envolvidos; 2) os efeitos das combinações copa e porta-enxerto na biologia de D. citri e 3) estudos sobre o comportamento alimentar de D. citi por meio da técnica de Electrical Penetration Graph em diferentes variedades de copa de citros. Verificou-se comportamento de escolha diferenciado entre fêmeas e machos de D. citri em função do hospedeiro. O porta-enxerto não influenciou o comportamento de escolha de D. citri. Foram observadas diferenças significativas na qualidade e quantidade nos perfis de voláteis liberados pelos diferentes hospedeiros, com a predominância de terpenoides. As variáveis biológicas de D. citri foram afetadas pelos hospedeiros. A variedade \'Hamlin\' foi classificada como a menos adequada ao psilídeo independentemente do porta-enxerto utilizado. Houve influencia da variedade de copa de citros no consumo alimentar de D. citri. Utilizando-se a técnica de EPG não é possível observar diferenças no comportamento alimentar de D. citri entre os hospedeiros testados.
Huanglongbing (HLB) or \"greening\" is currently considered the most serious citrus disease worldwide, whose symptoms are associated with the bacteria \"Candidatus Liberibacter spp.\". Since there are no curative measures for the disease, management is based on curative measures like control of the pathogen vetor, Diaphorina citri. This insect has a range host of more than 50 species of the family Rutaceae, including species and varieties of the genus Citrus, but not all hosts allow the complete development of the insect. Thus, the objective of this study was to verify the existence of characteristics of citrus scion and rootstock varieties, more used in the citriculture, that affect the bioecological aspects of D. citri, as well as characterize them, serving as basis for development of management strategies for this insect vector. For this, were studied: 1) host choice behavior of D. citri in different combinations of scion and rootstock varieties and the identification of the volatiles involved; 2) the effects of scion and rootstock combinations on the biology of D. citri and 3) studies on the feeding behavior of D. citi using the Electrical Penetration Graph technique in different varieties of citrus scion. There was a differentiated choice behavior between males and females of D. citri depending on the host. The rootstock did not influence the choice behavior of D. citri. Significant differences were observed in the quality and quantity of the volatiles released by the different hosts, with the predominance of terpenoids. The biological variables of D. citri were affected by the hosts. The \'Hamlin\' variety was classified as less suitable to the psyllid independently of the rootstock used. There was influence of the citrus scion variety on the food intake of D. citri. Through EPG technique it is not possible to observe differences in the feeding behavior of D. citri among the hosts tested.
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5

Pereira, Jaqueline Magalhães [UNESP]. "Resistência de genótipos de eucalipto ao psilídeo-de-concha Glycaspis brimblecombei Moore (Hemiptera: psyllidae)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/106634.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Desde sua introdução no Brasil, em 2003, o psilídeo-de-concha Glycaspis brimblecombei Moore (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) vem ocasionando sérios danos ao eucalipto, principalmente através de desfolha, desenvolvimento de fumagina e secamento de ponteiros. Como estratégia no controle deste inseto, o uso de genótipos resistentes pode ser uma ferramenta valiosa. Neste trabalho, avaliou-se a resistência das espécies Eucalyptus camaldulensis (VM e IPEF), E. grandis e E. urophylla e dos híbridos de E. grandis x E. camaldulensis – gracam ‘HGC’ (3025 e 1277), de E. urophylla x E. camaldulensis – urocam ‘HUC’ (VM-1), de E. urophylla x E. grandis – urograndis ‘HUG’ (H-13, I-144, C-219 e GG-100) e de E. grandis (EG-01, EG-02 e EG-03) a G. brimblecombei, através de testes de atratividade, preferência para oviposição e preferência para alimentação e/ou antibiose sob condições de laboratório e campo. Foram realizados testes preliminares, a fim de verificar a ocorrência de condicionamento pré-imaginal, além de ajustar a melhor densidade para infestação com adultos para testes de atratividade e a melhor posição nas mudas para avaliações de preferência para oviposição. Em laboratório, verificou-se que os adultos de G. brimblecombei não apresentaram condicionamento pré-imaginal, independentemente do hospedeiro de criação ser o híbrido 3025 ou E. camaldulensis IPEF. As densidades de 10 e 15 adultos de psilídeo-de-concha por muda de eucalipto proporcionaram maior número de ovos. As folhas próximas ao ápice foram preferidas para oviposição, sendo que o número de ovos decresceu do ápice para a base. No teste com chance de escolha, os genótipos E. grandis, E. urophylla, C-219 e H-13 foram menos atrativos ao psilídeo-de-concha, expressando não-preferência. Em teste com chance de escolha, o número de ovos depositados nas folhas dos genótipos H-13, E. grandis...
Since its introduction in Brazil in 2003, the red gum lerp psyllid Glycaspis brimblecombei Moore (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) has been causing serious damages in eucalyptus trees, especially through defoliation, development of sooty mold and dieback. The use of resistant genotypes as a strategy to control this insect may be a valuable tool. In this study, the resistance of species Eucalyptus camaldulensis (VM e IPEF), E. grandis and E. urophylla and hybrids E. grandis x E. camaldulensis - gracam ‘HGC’ (3025 and 1277), E. urophylla x E. camaldulensis - urocam ‘HUC’ (VM-1), E. urophylla x E. grandis – urograndis ‘HUG’ (H-13, I-144, C-219 and GG-100) and E. grandis (EG-01, EG-02 and EG-03) on G. brimblecombei, through attractiveness, oviposition preference and feeding preference and/or antibiosis tests under laboratory and field conditions evaluated. Initially preliminary tests were carried out, using eucalyptus seedlings, in order to verify the occurrence of preimaginal conditioning, and also adjust the best density for adult infestation for attractiveness tests and the best position in the seedlings for the evaluation of oviposition preference. In laboratory conditions, that G. brimblecombei adults did not present preimaginal conditioning, despite the fact that the rearing host was a 3025 hybrid or E. camaldulensis IPEF. The densities of 10 and 15 psyllid adults per eucalyptus seedlings showed a higher number of eggs. The insects showed preference for the leaves close the apex for oviposition, being that the number of eggs decreased from the apex to the basis. In the choice test concerning attractiveness, genotypes E. grandis, E. urophylla, C-219 and H-13 were less attractive to psyllid, showing non-preference. In a choice test, the number of eggs oviposited in leaves of genotypes H-13, E. grandis and E. urophylla were lower when compared... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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6

Morais, Elisangela Gomes Fidelis de. "Diclidophlebia smithi (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) como agente de controle biológico da planta invasora Miconia calvescens." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2007. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/3969.

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Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária
Miconia calvescens (Melastomataceae) is a native plant of Central and South America that has become an aggressive invader of forest ecosystems in French Polynesian, Hawaii and Australia, where it was introduced as ornamental. Preliminary studies of insects species attacking this plant in Brazil identified Diclidophlebia smithi (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) as a potential agent for biological control of this weed. The present study provides a description of this new psyllid species and reports a series of studies concerning host specificity, biology and population fluctuation of D. smithi conducted in Viçosa and Dionísio, Minas Gerais, Brazil, in June of 2001 to June of 2002 and February of 2004 to February of 2005. Nymphs and adults were diagnosed and illustrated for morphological characterization of the species. The biology and population dynamics of D. smithi were studied by construction of age-specific fertility and life tables and observation on life-history characteristics, fluctuation population, injury to M. calvescens, and occurrence of natural enemies. The adult of this species is characterized by having forewings with brown dots on veins and surface spinules forming a pattern of hexagonal cells consisting of double rows of spinules. The adults have also metatibia weakly expanded apically with an irregular crown of sclerotised apical spurs and presence of developed anal lobule (proctiger) in the males. Specificity studies with nine species of Melastomataceae and observations on plants neighboring M. calvescens indicated that D. smithi is monophagous. Nymphs and adults this species were observed attacking buds, inflorescences and infrutescences of M. calvescens and causing damage by sucking the plant sap and injecting toxins. Frequency distribution of the distance between the antennae evidenced the existence of five nymphal instars. Life table parameters showed that D. smithi have high reproductive capacity (increasing 110 to 147 times its population size an year) with nine generations a year. Colonies of the psyllid were observed throughout the year in Viçosa and Dionísio; population picks occurred from April to July, a period of low temperatures, scarce rains and short photoperiod. Adults of D. smithi were more affected by climatic elements than were nymphs, which is possibly because of the protection offered by waxy filaments present in the adults. Diclidophlebia smithii has desirable traits such as high population growth rate, host specificity, easy mass rearing, and potential capacity to adapt to different climatic conditions including those where this plant became an aggressive invader, which makes it a promising biological control agent of M. calvescens.
Miconia calvescens (Melastomataceae) é uma planta nativa das Américas Central e do Sul que se tornou uma invasora agressiva na Polinésia Francesa, Havaí e Austrália. Estudos preliminares das espécies de insetos que atacam esta planta no Brasil identificaram que Diclidophlebia smithi (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) é um agente com potencial de controle biológico desta invasora. Este trabalho contém a descrição desta espécie de psilídio, estudos de sua especificidade, biologia e a dinâmica populacional em Viçosa e Dionísio, Minas Gerais, de junho de 2001 a junho de 2002 e de fevereiro de 2004 a fevereiro de 2005. Ninfas e adultos foram diagnosticados e ilustrados para determinação das características desta espécie. A biologia e dinâmica populacional foram realizadas usando-se características do ciclo de vida, tabelas de esperança de vida e de fertilidade, flutuação populacional, descrição das injúrias causadas e ocorrência de seus inimigos naturais. O adulto desta espécie possui pontuações marrons nas veias e padrão de células de formato hexagonal em dupla fileira de grânulos superficiais nas asas anteriores. Os adultos, também, possuem metatíbia fracamente expandida com uma coroa de garras apicais irregulares e lóbulo anal do macho (proctiger) desenvolvido. Estudos de especificidade com nove espécies de Melastomataceae e observações em plantas vizinhas a M. calvescens indicaram que D. smithi é monófaga. Ninfas e adultos atacam brotações, inflorescências e infrutescências de M. calvescens causando danos devido a sucção de seiva e injeção de toxinas na planta. A curva de freqüência da distância entre antenas mostrou que a fase ninfal dessa espécie apresenta cinco ínstares. Esta espécie apresenta alta taxa reprodutiva (aumentando 110 a 147 vezes sua população durante o ano) com nove gerações por ano. As colônias deste psilídio foram encontradas durante todo o ano em Viçosa e Dionísio, com picos populacionais de abril a julho, quando as temperaturas são mais amenas, as chuvas escassas e o fotoperíodo é mais curto. Adultos de D. smithi são mais afetados pelos elementos climáticos do que as ninfas por estas serem protegidas por uma camada de filamentos cerosos. D. smithi apresenta características adequadas a utilização como agente de controle biológico de M. calvescens por sua grande capacidade reprodutiva, ser monófaga, de fácil criação e se adaptar a diferentes condições climáticas como as dos locais onde esta planta se tornou uma invasora agressiva.
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7

Pereira, Jaqueline Magalhães 1983. "Resistência de genótipos de eucalipto ao psilídeo-de-concha Glycaspis brimblecombei Moore (Hemiptera: psyllidae) /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/106634.

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Orientador: Edson Luiz Lopes Baldin
Banca: Carlos Frederico Wilcken
Banca: Arlindo Leal Boica Junior
Banca: José Djair Vendramim
Banca: Paulo Marçal Fernandes
Resumo: Desde sua introdução no Brasil, em 2003, o psilídeo-de-concha Glycaspis brimblecombei Moore (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) vem ocasionando sérios danos ao eucalipto, principalmente através de desfolha, desenvolvimento de fumagina e secamento de ponteiros. Como estratégia no controle deste inseto, o uso de genótipos resistentes pode ser uma ferramenta valiosa. Neste trabalho, avaliou-se a resistência das espécies Eucalyptus camaldulensis (VM e IPEF), E. grandis e E. urophylla e dos híbridos de E. grandis x E. camaldulensis - gracam 'HGC' (3025 e 1277), de E. urophylla x E. camaldulensis - urocam 'HUC' (VM-1), de E. urophylla x E. grandis - urograndis 'HUG' (H-13, I-144, C-219 e GG-100) e de E. grandis (EG-01, EG-02 e EG-03) a G. brimblecombei, através de testes de atratividade, preferência para oviposição e preferência para alimentação e/ou antibiose sob condições de laboratório e campo. Foram realizados testes preliminares, a fim de verificar a ocorrência de condicionamento pré-imaginal, além de ajustar a melhor densidade para infestação com adultos para testes de atratividade e a melhor posição nas mudas para avaliações de preferência para oviposição. Em laboratório, verificou-se que os adultos de G. brimblecombei não apresentaram condicionamento pré-imaginal, independentemente do hospedeiro de criação ser o híbrido 3025 ou E. camaldulensis IPEF. As densidades de 10 e 15 adultos de psilídeo-de-concha por muda de eucalipto proporcionaram maior número de ovos. As folhas próximas ao ápice foram preferidas para oviposição, sendo que o número de ovos decresceu do ápice para a base. No teste com chance de escolha, os genótipos E. grandis, E. urophylla, C-219 e H-13 foram menos atrativos ao psilídeo-de-concha, expressando não-preferência. Em teste com chance de escolha, o número de ovos depositados nas folhas dos genótipos H-13, E. grandis... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Since its introduction in Brazil in 2003, the red gum lerp psyllid Glycaspis brimblecombei Moore (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) has been causing serious damages in eucalyptus trees, especially through defoliation, development of sooty mold and dieback. The use of resistant genotypes as a strategy to control this insect may be a valuable tool. In this study, the resistance of species Eucalyptus camaldulensis (VM e IPEF), E. grandis and E. urophylla and hybrids E. grandis x E. camaldulensis - gracam 'HGC' (3025 and 1277), E. urophylla x E. camaldulensis - urocam 'HUC' (VM-1), E. urophylla x E. grandis - urograndis 'HUG' (H-13, I-144, C-219 and GG-100) and E. grandis (EG-01, EG-02 and EG-03) on G. brimblecombei, through attractiveness, oviposition preference and feeding preference and/or antibiosis tests under laboratory and field conditions evaluated. Initially preliminary tests were carried out, using eucalyptus seedlings, in order to verify the occurrence of preimaginal conditioning, and also adjust the best density for adult infestation for attractiveness tests and the best position in the seedlings for the evaluation of oviposition preference. In laboratory conditions, that G. brimblecombei adults did not present preimaginal conditioning, despite the fact that the rearing host was a 3025 hybrid or E. camaldulensis IPEF. The densities of 10 and 15 psyllid adults per eucalyptus seedlings showed a higher number of eggs. The insects showed preference for the leaves close the apex for oviposition, being that the number of eggs decreased from the apex to the basis. In the choice test concerning attractiveness, genotypes E. grandis, E. urophylla, C-219 and H-13 were less attractive to psyllid, showing non-preference. In a choice test, the number of eggs oviposited in leaves of genotypes H-13, E. grandis and E. urophylla were lower when compared... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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8

Arruda, Josicléa Hüffner. "Disseminação primária e influência de fontes de inóculo sobre o progresso temporal do Huanglongbing em pomares com manejo da doença e seu vetor (Diaphorina citri)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11135/tde-22032018-135731/.

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O Brasil é o maior produtor e exportador de suco de laranja do mundo e a produção é concentrada em pomares no Estado de São Paulo. Embora a cultura tenha se adaptado bem ao clima tropical predominante no país, essa cultura sofre perdas na produção ocasionadas por doenças, principalmente pelo Huanglongbing dos citros (HLB). O HLB dos citros é associado aos procariotos \'Candidatus Liberibacter africanus\', \'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus\' e \'Candidatus Liberibacter americanus\' restritos aos vasos do floema. No Brasil há predominância da bactéria \'Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus\' que é disseminada pelo inseto psilídeo vetor Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae). Não há controle curativo viável para essa doença, com isso o manejo é realizado de maneira preventiva com a utilização de mudas sadias, roguing de plantas sintomáticas e controle químico do vetor. O HLB é considerado uma doença policíclica, contudo, em pomares com manejo intensivo da doença e do vetor acredita-se que as disseminações secundárias praticamente não ocorrem, ou não são predominantes, e a epidemia seria governada pelas disseminações primárias contínuas como sugerido por Bergamin Filho et al. (2016). Com isso, esse estudo teve por objetivo demonstrar por meio de análises epidemiológicas o progresso temporal do HLB em quatro propriedades comerciais de citros as quais realizam o manejo da doença e do vetor. Além disso, outro objetivo foi demonstrar, com ajustes do modelo monomolecular, a importância da disseminação primária nessas propriedades. E ainda, verificar a influência de áreas vizinhas, comerciais e não comerciais, na distribuição espacial da doença e do vetor e assim estabelecer hipóteses acerca da localização das fontes de inóculo primário para as epidemias estudadas. O modelo monomolecular foi ajustado adequadamente aos dados de plantas erradicadas das propriedades A, B, C e D, com ajustes significativos (p<0,05) em 88,3%, 81,6%, 64,5% e 69,8% das tentativas (combinações de anos e talhões). A taxa média de progresso da doença pelo modelo monomolecular (rM) foi de 7,9; 6,9; 7,2 e 4,5 para as propriedades A, B, C e D, respectivamente. Contudo, de modo geral, as taxas (rM) não apresentaram-se correlacionadas com as incidências acumuladas da doença. Lotes de perímetro apresentaram incidências de HLB mais elevadas, assim como maior número de psilídeos, em relação aos lotes internos das propriedades, indicando maior influência de fontes de inóculo externas. Plantas não comerciais de citros sem o manejo da doença e do vetor foram as fontes de inóculo primário responsáveis pelas epidemias de HLB observadas nessas quatro propriedades.
Brazil is the world\'s largest orange juice producer and exporter, and São Paulo State is the major producing region. Although the citrus crop is well adapted to the tropical climate in Brazil, the crop has been suffering many losses due to diseases, mainly by citrus Huanglongbing (HLB). The disease is associated with prokaryots \'Candidatus Liberibacter africanus\', \'Candidatus Liberibacter americanus\' and \'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus\' which are spread by the psyllid vector Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae). There is no feasible curative control to this disease. Therefore, the management is carried out to prevent the disease based on eradication of symptomatic trees, chemical sprays against the psyllid, and using HLB-free nursery citrus plants. The HLB is considered a polycyclic disease, however, in orchards with rigorous disease and vector management it is suggested that secondary spread does not occur or are not prevalent, and the epidemic would be ruled by the continuous primary spread as suggested by Bergamin Filho et al. (2016). Therefore, the aim of this study was demonstrate by epidemiological analysis the HLB temporal progress in four commercial citrus areas with management of disease and vector. Furthermore, another aim was demonstrate the importance of primary spread in these areas by monomolecular model adjustment. In addition, verify the influence of neighbouring areas , commercial or non-commercial, in the spatial distribution of the disease and vector. Afterwards, generate hypotheses about the location of primary sources of inoculum to the studied epidemics. The monomolecular model was properly adjusted to data of plant eradication in the areas A, B, C and D, with significant adjustments (p<0,05) in 88.3%, 81.6%, 64.5% and 69.8% of the attempts (combining years and plots). The average rate of disease progress by monomolecular model (rM) was 7.9; 6.9; 7.2 and 4.5 to the areas A, B, C e D, respectively. However, in general, there is no correlation between the disease rates (rM) and HLB incidence. Plots located in the perimeter presented higher HLB incidences and higher number of psyllids than internal plots in the studied areas. This suggested the major influence of external sources of inoculum. Non-commercial citrus trees without disease and vector management were the primary sources of inoculum responsible for causing the HLB epidemics in the studied areas.
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9

Alves, Gustavo Rodrigues. "Relações tritróficas: Variedades de Citros x Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, 1908 (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) x Tamarixia radiata (Waterson, 1922) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11146/tde-12032013-171847/.

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O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a influência de variedades comerciais de citros e de murta no desenvolvimento de Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, 1908 e a preferência do parasitoide Tamarixia radiata (Waterson, 1922) sobre o referido psilídeo, criado em diferentes variedades cítricas e na murta, por meio de estudos biológicos e comportamentais, para definir estratégias de controle da praga em programas de MIP em citros. Foram realizados testes de livre escolha e confinamento (sem chance de escolha) para avaliar o efeito de variedades de citros sobre a alimentação e fertilidade de D. citri, bem como a biologia da referida espécie de psilídeo em diferentes hospedeiros. Avaliou-se ainda o efeito da variedade de citros sobre o parasitismo de T. radiata, bem como sua biologia em D. citri criado em diferentes hospedeiros. Pode-se concluir que: D. citri preferiu ovipositar e se alimentar, em teste de livre escolha, em \'Natal\', sendo que no teste de confinamento (sem chance de escolha) a oviposição foi semelhante em \'Natal\', \'Valência\' e \'Pêra\'. Em ambos os tipos de teste, \'Hamlin\' foi a menos adequada para D. citri. Com base nos demais parâmetros biológicos avaliados, a análise de agrupamento separou os hospedeiros em três grupos distintos, sendo \'Valência\' e murta os hospedeiros mais adequados ao desenvolvimento de D. citri. No segundo grupo (\'Natal\', \'Pêra\' e \'Ponkan\') concentraram-se as variedades que proporcionaram um desenvolvimento intermediário ao psilídeo, sendo \'Hamlin\' a menos adequada ao desenvolvimento do inseto. Com base na tabela de vida de fertilidade, a taxa líquida de reprodução (Ro) de D. citri foi 2,5 vezes maior quando criado em \'Valência\' em relação a \'Hamlin\'. Os demais parâmetros (T, λ e rm) também favoreceram o inseto quando criado em \'Valência\'. Os hospedeiros estudados não afetaram o parasitismo e desenvolvimento de T. radiata sobre D. citri. Os resultados obtidos poderão fornecer subsídios ao planejamento do plantio de variedades de citros em pomares novos com vistas à incidência e manejo do HLB.
This research\'s aim was to evaluate the influence of commercial citrus varieties and orange jessamine on the development of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, 1908 and the parasitoid Tamarixia radiata (Waterson, 1922) preference on the Asian Citrus Psyllid (ACP), reared on different citrus varieties and on orange jessamine, by the means of biological and behavioral studies, in order to establish strategies of pest control in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) citrus programs. Free-choice and nochoice tests were carried out to evaluate the citrus varieties effects on the feeding and fertility of D. citri, as well as the biology of this psyllid species on different hosts. It was evaluated the citrus variety effect on the T. radiata parasitization, as well as its biology with D. citri reared on different hosts. It can be concluded that: D. citri preferred laying eggs and feeding, in free-choice tests, on \'Natal\', while in the nochoice test, the laying-eggs behavior was the same on \'Natal\', \'Valência\' and \'Pêra\'. In the both tests, \'Hamlin\' was the least suitable for D. citri. According to the other biological characteristics evaluated, the grouping analysis identified 3 different groups, being \'Valência\' and orange jessamine the best hosts for D. citri development. In the second group (\'Natal\', \'Pêra\' e \'Ponkan\') are the varieties that provided a reasonable development to the psyllid, being \'Hamlin\' the least suitable for the insect development. According to the fertility life table, the reproduction net rate (Ro) of D. citri was 2,5 times bigger if reared on \'Valência\' compared to \'Hamlin\'. The other life table parameters (T, λ e rm) also supported the results when it was reared on \'Valência\'. The studied hosts did not affect the parasitization and the development of T. radiata on D. citri. The results obtained will provide information for planting planning of citrus varieties in new groves considering the HLB incidence and management.
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10

Dossi, Fábio Cleisto Alda. "Ultraestrutura do aparelho reprodutor feminino e mecanismos de transmissão transovariana de endossimbiontes de Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, 1908 (Hemiptera: Psyllidae)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11146/tde-10022009-095926/.

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Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, 1908 (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) tornou-se um psilídeo de grande importância para a citricultura paulista após a constatação da bactéria Candidatus Liberibacter sp., causadora do Huanglongbing (greening). Sabe-se que esse inseto abriga microrganismos endossimbiontes, os quais desempenham papel fundamental em sua ecologia nutricional, sendo transmitidos verticalmente à progênie. Dessa forma, propomos caracterizar a morfologia do aparelho reprodutor feminino durante o seu desenvolvimento para embasar a identificação do processo de migração dos simbiontes do bacterioma aos tecidos reprodutivos. D. citri possui ovário do tipo telotrófico, com ovaríolos organizados em bouquet e características gerais semelhantes às observadas para outros Sternorrhyncha. Os trofócitos parecem ser desprovidos de delimitação por membrana no ovaríolo desenvolvido. Um único oócito se desenvolve por ciclo no vitelário, o qual mantém-se em contato com a câmara trófica por um prolongamento citoplasmático, denominado cordão trófico. As informações morfo-estruturais do aparelho reprodutor de D. citri obtidas indicam similaridades importantes a de outros membros de Sternorryncha. Nesse contexto, a migração de simbiontes do bacterioma para os oócitos em maturação de D. citri, ocorre de modo semelhante ao descrito para aleirodídeos, caracterizandose pela migração de bacteriócito intacto. Este último, atravessa o epitélio de revestimento do oócito, formado por células foliculares, e invade o oócito, liberando as bactérias nele contidas. Entretanto, os simbiontes associados ao sincício do bacterioma, são liberados na hemocele através de uma pequena abertura formada no epitélio de revestimento dessa estrutura, invadindo o oócito por um mecanismo distinto. Os simbiontes contidos no oócito, formam um agrupamento de aspecto arredondado (= symbiont ball) na região posterior do oócito, próximo ao pedicelo.
Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, 1908 (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) became a serious problem to the citrus industry in São Paulo State once the Huanglongbing disease (greening), which is caused by the bacteria Candidatus Liberibacter sp., was detected. Psyllids are known to harbor endosymbiont microorganisms, which are vertically transmitted to the progeny and play a key role in the nutritional ecology of their hosts. Therefore, we aimed to characterize the morphology of the reproductive system during D. citri development as a tool for further investigation on the symbiont migration from the bacteriome to the reproductive tissues. D. citri has telotrophic ovaries with ovarioles organized in a bouquet, sharing all other characteristics with the remaining Sternorrhyncha. In developed ovarioles, trophocytes seems to lack any membrane delimitation. Only one oocyte develops at a time in the vitellarium, remaining in communication with the trophic chamber by a citoplasmatic brigde, named trophic cord. The morphostructural information reported in here on the D. citri reproductive system shows important similarities with other Sternorryncha. Symbionts associated to the bacteriome of D. citrus migrate to the ovaries and invade the oocytes during ovary maturation, as previously reported for aleyrodids. In this case, symbionts will move within the bacteriocyte as it detaches from the bacteriome and moves through the oocyte follicular epithelium, releasing the contained bacteria into the oocyte. However, symbionts associated to the bacteriome syncitium are relased into the hemocoel through small openings on the bacteriome epithelium, invading the oocyte by a different mechanism. All symbionts that invaded or were discharged into the oocyte aggregate into a balllike symbiont structure at the posterior pole close to the egg pedicel.
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Books on the topic "Plantago psyllium"

1

Mathur, D. P. Psyllium production and marketing in India: Medicinal herb. New Delhi: Oxford & IBH Pub. Co., 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Plantago psyllium"

1

Madgulkar, Ashwini R., Monica R. P. Rao, and Deepa Warrier. "Characterization of Psyllium (Plantago ovata) Polysaccharide and Its Uses." In Polysaccharides, 1–17. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03751-6_49-1.

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Madgulkar, Ashwini R., Monica R. P. Rao, and Deepa Warrier. "Characterization of Psyllium (Plantago ovata) Polysaccharide and Its Uses." In Polysaccharides, 871–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16298-0_49.

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3

Setty, Amar, and Abraham C. Gaupp. "Psyllium, Bulk-Forming Laxatives (Plantago Isphagula, Plantago Ovata)." In Essence of Anesthesia Practice, 684. Elsevier, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4377-1720-4.00604-x.

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