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1

Saeedi, Majid, Katayoun Morteza-Semnani, Farshad Ansoroudi, Saeed Fallah, and Gholamreza Amin. "Evaluation of binding properties of Plantago psyllium seed mucilage." Acta Pharmaceutica 60, no. 3 (September 1, 2010): 339–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10007-010-0028-5.

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Evaluation of binding properties ofPlantago psylliumseed mucilageMucilage extracted fromPlantago psylliumseeds was evaluated for inertness and safety parameters. The suitability of psyllium mucilage for a pharmaceutical binder was assessed in paracetamol tablets. Properties of the granules prepared using different concentrations of psyllium mucilage was compared with PVP and tragacanth. Psyllium mucilage at 5 % (m/m) was found to be comparable with 3 % (m/m) of PVP. Investigated paracetamol tablets indicated that psyllium mucilage can retard the drug release.
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2

Jimoh, M. A., W. MacNaughtan, H. E. L. Williams, D. Greetham, R. L. Linforth, and I. D. Fisk. "Sodium ion interaction with psyllium husk (Plantago sp.)." Food & Function 7, no. 9 (2016): 4041–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6fo00785f.

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The nature of and factors effecting sodium interaction with psyllium were investigated in vitro. The feasibility of use of psyllium husk to reduce the bioavailable fraction of ingested sodium is demonstrated.
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3

Neamah, S. I. "INDUCING SOME SECONDARY METABOLITES FROM CALLUS CULTURES DERIVED FROM Plantago psyllium AND Plantago major EXPOSED TO COBALT STRESS." IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 51, no. 3 (June 26, 2020): 938–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v51i3.1049.

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This experiment was conducted to study the influence of cobalt concentrations on the production of seven flavonoid compounds in callus derived from Plantago psyllium L. and Plantago major L. Results showed that the best combination of 2,4-D and kinetin concentrations add to Muroshige and Skoog medium to obtain the highest fresh weight of 541.0 mg was 3.0 and 1.0 mg.L-1 respectively. psyllium stimulated callus produced the highest fresh weight of 365.7 mg. The addition of 75 ppm of cobalt resulted in a significantly lower fresh weight of P. psyllium callus (139.8 mg). The interaction between Plantago species and cobalt concentrations was significant. The callus inducted from P. major had significant increases of the scutallarein, apigenin, nepetin and luteolin compounds with 26.40, 22.64, 14.93 and 26.20 µg.100mg-1 dry weight, respectively. The production of the hispidulin compound was increased in P. psyllium at 29.40 µg.100mg-1 dry weight. Also, the addition of cobalt metal stimulated the production of flavonoids at 50 ppm cobalt producing the highest amounts of hispidulin and luteolin at 40.30 and 41.60 µg.100mg-1 dry weight, respectively. Meanwhile, 75 ppm cobalt treatment produced the highest amount of scutallarein, apigenin, nepetin and aucubin at 25.61, 23.25, 15.90 and 13.70 µg.100mg-1 dry weight, respectively. The callus inducted from P. major treated with 50 ppm of cobalt showed the highest production of scutallarein, apigenin and luteolin at 30.33, 32.26 and 51.90 µg.100mg-1 dry weight respectively. Baicalein reached 16.46 µg.100mg-1 dry weight, at 75 ppm of cobalt metal treatment in callus inducted from P. psyllium.
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4

Plotnikova, E. Yu, T. Yu Gracheva, M. N. Sinkovа, and L. K. Isakov. "The role of dietary fiber in the correction of digestion and constipation of various etiologies." Medical Council, no. 14 (October 11, 2019): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2019-14-99-106.

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Psyllium is a predominantly soluble fiber among other natural plant-based dietary fiber used in food and pharmaceuticals and is sold as a laxative fiber. Isphagula (lat. ispaghula)– international nonproprietary name of a medicine of «psyllium». Accordingly to ATX belongs to the group of «Laxatives», subgroup «A06AC «Laxatives increasing volume of intestinal contents» (Bulking laxatives) and has the following code and name: «A06AC01 «Ispaghula» (plantain oval seeds)». Isphagula is a medical dietary fiber; in the context of gastrointestinal problems in terms of «ispaghula» and «psyllium» are synonymous. Psyllium flour has virtually no digestible carbohydrates. This fact is a significant advantage of psyllium over oat bran, in which such carbohydrates are more than 60%. A distinctive feature of psyllium is that it is almost completely (80–85%) consists of fiber (about 70% of which is soluble), which in contact with water turns into a soft gel. Only 1 gram of fiber ground fiber flour is able to absorb up to 45 ml of water. In the colon, psyllium is resistant to fermentation, remains intact in the feces and significantly increases the water content in the feces, providing a laxative effect. Psyllium softens hard stools in constipation, normalizes loose stools in diarrhea, and normalizes stool shape in patients with IBS, relieving gastrointestinal symptoms. Dietary supplement «Fitomucil® Norm» contains 4.5 g of psyllium (Plantago psyllium), and dry pulp of prunes (Prunus domestica) – 0.5 g. This combination of psyllium and prunes can be widely used in patients with constipation and other functional digestive disorders in different age groups, including pregnant and lactating women, as a first-line remedy.
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Ledentsova, S. S., N. I. Gulyaev, S. I. Sitkin, and P. V. Seliverstov. "Acne as a common extraintestinal manifestation of celiac disease. Treatment approaches." Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council, no. 21 (January 17, 2021): 126–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2020-21-126-135.

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Introduction. At present, global prevalence of celiac disease attracts increasingly greater attention of researchers. The study of its extraintestinal manifestations is a crucial task for early and timely diagnosis of the disease, as well as the identification of new risk groups. To date, there are only isolated publications concerning the study of celiac disease incidence in patients with acne. This topic is of particular interest since systemic retinoids with a hepatotoxic effect and antibiotics significantly affecting the intestinal microflora are the first-line drugs in the treatment of moderate and severe acne. Undoubtedly, these side effects influence on the course of acne in celiac patients. So, to prevent the complications of the treatment, it is necessary to search, develop and introduce into practice safe combinations, including drugs having a protective effect both for the intestinal microflora and for the liver. It is known that psyllium (Plantago ovata seed shells/Ispaghula husks) have similar effects.Objective. To study the effect of psyllium on the tolerability and effectiveness of systemic therapy with isotretinoin and doxycycline in patients with moderate acne with celiac disease. Material and methods. We examined 65 patients with celiac disease suffering from moderate acne, who were randomized into two groups – group 1 (taking an antibiotic – doxycycline) and group 2 (taking a systemic retinoid – isotretinoin), then each group was divided into two subgroups A and B, depending on the prebiotic intake (powder of oval plantain seeds shells Plantago ovata Forssk (psyllium). The patients were followed up for 8 and 24 weeks, respectively. All patients received adjuvant topical therapy. In each group, a medical check-up was done before treatment, 2 months after the onset and then after the treatment completion.Conclusion. Patients in both subgroups who received psyllium in addition to antibiotics and systemic retinoids treatment showed better results after treatment in terms of skin condition, overall health and quality of life.
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6

MAN, Simona Maria, Adriana PAUCEAN, Sevastita MUSTE, Anamaria POP, and Elena Andruta MURESAN. "Influence of Psyllium husk (Plantago ovata) on Bread Quality." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Food Science and Technology 74, no. 1 (May 16, 2017): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-fst:12631.

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It is well supported that a significant intake of dietary fibre reduces the risk of several chronic diseases. The development of staple foods enriched with fibre is an important contribution to a broader supply of food products with health beneficial effect. In this sense, the objective of this work is the development of bread enriched with psyllium fibre. Four experimental variants obtained by substituting wheat flour with different proportions (0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%) of psyllium husk were used. Bread samples were subjected to physico-chemical examination: humidity, weight, volume and specific volume of bread, crumb porosity and elasticity (according to STAS 91 -2007). The results showed an increment for the hydration capacity of the dough. The volume of the breads decreased as the level of psyllium husk increased, due the dilution of gluten content in the blend and due to the interactions among fiber components, water and gluten. Nevertheless, substitution at 5%, 10% and 15%, gave quality parameters at least as good as for the control sample and produced acceptable bread, in terms of weight, volume and rheological properties.
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7

Sadeghi, Ehsan, Reza Mohammadi, Mohammad H. Shirgardoun, Fatemeh Askari, Masoumeh Taghizadeh, and Narges Omidi Arjenaki. "Optimization of Crude Polysaccharides Extraction from Plantago ovata Forsk Seed by Response Surface Methodology." Current Nutrition & Food Science 16, no. 3 (April 27, 2020): 354–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573401315666190131153746.

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Background: Plantago ovata Forsk (Psyllium seed) is an annual plant of plantago genus. This plant widely grows in India and Iran. The Psyllium seed contains mucilage, protein, sugar, fat and tannins. Seed’s husk is a known source to extract hydrocolloid. Objective: The aim of this study was to optimize gum extraction from the Psyllium seed. Methods: The response surface methodology (RSM) was used to estimate the effect of independent variables on the extraction yield of Psyllium gum. The obtained experimental data were fitted to a second- order polynomial equation using multiple regression analysis and analyzed by appropriate statistical methods. A central composite design (CCD) was used for experimental design and analysis of the results to obtain the best possible combination of extraction temperature (X1= 60-80°C), extraction time (X2= 1-3 h), and the ratio of water to raw material (X3= 30-70%) for the maximum gum extraction. Results: Optimum extraction conditions were extraction temperature of 79°C, extraction time of 2.5 h, and the ratio of water to the raw material of 57%. The experimental extraction yield under optimal conditions was found to be 9 ± 0.25%, which was in agreement with the predicted value of 9.4%. Conclusion: This study showed that Psyllium gum can be used as a hydrocolloid source for pharmaceutical and food industry such as edible films for food packaging.
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8

Collado-Chagoya, Rodrigo, Javier Hernández-Romero, Gumaro Alejandro Eliosa-Alvarado, Ana Del Carmen García-González, Rosa Isela Campos-Gutiérrez, Andrea Velasco-Medina, and Guillermo Velázquez-Sámano. "Anafilaxia secundaria a plantago psyllium. Reporte de caso." Revista Alergia México 65, no. 1 (April 10, 2018): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.29262/ram.v65i1.282.

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Antecedentes: El psyllium es un derivado de la semilla y cáscara pulverizada de Plantago ovata, que se usa como laxante de volumen debido a sus propiedades hidrocoloides.Reporte de caso: Mujer de 43 años, de profesión enfermera, con diagnóstico de alergia a fármacos y rinitis alérgica, quien posterior a la preparación y administración de un laxante presentó síntomas rinoconjuntivales, síndrome urticariforme, angioedema y broncoespasmo, por lo que se concluyó que presentaba anafilaxia. Fue tratada con adrenalina, corticoides y antihistamínicos. Después de la resolución del cuadro, por pruebas in vivo mediante técnica de punción cutánea y por estudio in vitro (IgE específica) se determinó hipersensibilidad a plantago psyllium.Discusión: La mayoría de los casos de anafilaxia se ha reportado por ingestión de psyllium debido a que por esa vía es mayor la carga antigénica. Llama la atención la paciente descrita, en quien la exposición fue únicamente por inhalación, sin embargo, las manifestaciones que presentó fueron potencialmente letales.
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9

Andrzejewska-Golec, Emilia, and Jacek Świętosławski. "The morphology of hairs in species of Plantago L. sectio Oreades Decne." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 58, no. 4 (2014): 549–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.1989.042.

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The hairs of three taxa of sectio <em>Oreades </em>Decne genus <em>Plantago </em>have been studied. We have found that hair typical for the majority of representatives of the genus <em>Plantago, </em>that is, with a unicellular stalk and head vertically divided into two cells, occur in these studied taxa. Some of the headless hairs occurring here are similar to those occurring in sectio <em>Arnoglossum </em>Decne. Rahn's (1978) suggestion of transferring sectio <em>Oreades </em>to the subgenus <em>Psyllium </em>seems wrong since the representatives of this section, in contrast to subgenus <em>Psyllium, </em>do not have hairs with the stalks consisting of several cells and unicellular heads, club-like hairs or iridoid-plantarenaloside. They contain, however, hairs with overlapping cells and iridoid-catapol, which is absent in the taxa of subgenus <em>Psyllium</em>.
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10

Andrzejewska-Golec, Emilia. "Ontogeny of trichomes in taxa of the genus Plantago subg. Psyllium (Plantaginaceae)." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 63, no. 2 (2014): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.1994.028.

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This paper is a continuation of the investigation of hair ontogeny in taxa of the <i>Plantaginaceae</i> family. The previous publication dealt with the development of hairs in representatives of the subgenus <i>Plantago</i>. The present paper concerns the investgation of 5 species of the subgenus <i>Psyllium</i>: <i>Plantago squarrosa</i>, <i>P. arenaria</i>, <i>P. afra</i>, <i>P. webbii</i> and <i>P. arborescens</i>. The development of three types of headed hairs and one type of headless hair has been studied. The hypotetic phylogeny of the hairs of the genus <i>Plantago</i> is presented.
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11

Draksiene, Gailute, Dalia M. Kopustinskiene, Robertas Lazauskas, and Jurga Bernatoniene. "Psyllium (Plantago Ovata Forsk) Husk Powder as a Natural Superdisintegrant for Orodispersible Formulations: A Study on Meloxicam Tablets." Molecules 24, no. 18 (September 6, 2019): 3255. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24183255.

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(1) Background: In this work, we investigated the application of a natural superdisintegrant, psyllium (Plantago ovata Forsk) husk powder, for the manufacture of orodispersible meloxicam tablets. Meloxicam was chosen as a model compound for the study. (2) Methods: The tablets were prepared using different concentrations of psyllium husk by direct compression. Bulk density, tapped density, hardness, friability, in vitro disintegration, and dissolution time tests were used to assess the quality of the formulations. (3) Results: Psyllium husk powder significantly increased the dissolution rate of meloxicam. The formulation containing 16 mg of psyllium husk powder showed the lowest wetting time, the highest water absorption ratio, and the lowest disintegration time compared to the control and to the other formulations. These effects may be attributed to the rapid uptake of water due to the vigorous swelling ability of psyllium husk powder. (4) Conclusions: The powder could be recommended as an effective natural superdisintegrant for orodispersible formulations.
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kumar, Deepak, and Sanjeev kumar. "Grafting of Acrylic Acid on to Plantago psyllium Mucilage." IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry 7, no. 7 (2014): 76–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/5736-07727682.

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13

ANDRZEJEWSKA-GOLEC, EMILIA. "A taxonomic study of Plantago subgenus Psyllium (Miller) Harms." Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 108, no. 1 (January 1992): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1992.tb00236.x.

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Khaliq, Rehana, Ovidiu Tita, Maria Mihaela Antofie, and Camelia Sava. "Industrial Application Of Psyllium: An Overview." ACTA Universitatis Cibiniensis 67, no. 1 (September 1, 2015): 210–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aucts-2015-0092.

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Abstract Plantago ovata is economically an important medicinal plant commonly cultivated in different parts of India, Pakistan and Iran and some part of Europe. It has a long history of traditional uses with healing properties. There are various applications of seed husk and its marketable products for medicine and industrial uses. The seed husk is commonly called as psyllium or isabgol has a potential role in the treatment and prevention of gastrointestinal and bowel diseases. The intent of this review was to highlight the industrial uses of psyllium for the food products and therapeutic purposes. There is also considerable interest of local people, scientific communities and industries in the medical and food supplement application of psyllium husk and mucilage with specific health benefits.
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Franco, Elisangela Aparecida Nazario, Davy William Hidalgo Chávez, Antonia Barbosa de Lima, Maria do Socorro Rocha Bastos, and Nathália Ramos de Melo. "Effect of the addition of psyllium (plantago ovata forsk) on the physicochemical characteristics of frozen banana pulp during storage." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 8 (July 7, 2021): e10510816997. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i8.16997.

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Psyllium is a soluble fiber that has aroused the interest of several researchers for presenting proven functional benefits such as reducing LDL cholesterol, controlling blood glucose, delaying gastric emptying time among others. This study aimed to elaborate a banana pulp added psyllium and verify the effect on the physicochemical parameters (pH, total titratable acidity, color and rheology) during 90 days of storage under different temperatures (- 8 °C and – 18 °C). The results showed that the addition of 3% psyllium altered some parameters: the pH did not present a significant difference at time 0, but at times 30 and 60 it showed a difference and at the end of storage it did not show any difference, the ATT did not change at time 0 , but from time 30 it showed a significant decrease until the end of the storage period, the psyllium having a darker color than the banana reduced the luminosity (L *), it was verified that the addition of psyllium increased the apparent viscosity of the pulp. Psyllium has the potential to be used in banana pulp, since the changes in pH and TTA did not affect the quality of the product and meet the recommended by the current quality and identity standard for banana pulp, being a viable product with functional properties that can receive health claims.
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Tortola, Letícia, Márcio Antonio Brunetto, Leandro Zaine, Ricardo Souza Vasconcellos, Michele Cristina de Camargo Oliveira, Sandra Prudente Nogueira, and Aulus Cavalieri Carciofi. "Uso de psyllium para controle de constipação em cães." Ciência Rural 39, no. 9 (December 2009): 2638–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-84782009000900041.

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psyllium (Plantago psyllium) é um vegetal comumente utilizado como adjuvante no tratamento de afecções que resultam em constipação. Com o objetivo de melhor compreender os efeitos dessa fibra em cães, foram realizados dois experimentos. O primeiro avaliou, em cães sadios, inclusões de 0%, 2% e 4% de semente integral moída de psyllium à dieta (com base na matéria natural). Para tanto, foram empregados oito cães da raça Beagles adultos, os quais receberam as dietas experimentais por oito dias. Verificou-se aumento linear da umidade das fezes com a adição de teores crescentes de psyllium (R²=0,54 e P=0,0012), sem alteração do escore fecal e número de defecações por dia. O segundo experimento incluiu avaliação da opinião de 24 proprietários cujos cães receberam suplementação de 2% de psyllium como parte do tratamento de afecções que causaram constipação. Dos proprietários incluídos, 19 (79,2%) relataram melhora da defecação de seus cães durante a administração da fibra. Quinze (62,5%) observaram que as fezes dos animais, antes ressecadas ou endurecidas, tornaram-se normais ou pastosas. Os resultados comprovaram para cães os efeitos laxativos do psyllium já descritos na medicina humana, indicando seu uso no tratamento de suporte de enfermidades que levam à constipação.
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Andrzejewska-Golec, Emilia, and Jacek Świętosławski. "The morphology of hairs in species of Plantago L. Sections: Bauphula Decne and Arnoglossum Decne." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 58, no. 1 (2014): 15–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.1989.002.

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The hairs of one representative of the monotypic sectio <em>Bauphula </em>and of seven taxa of the section <em>Arnoglossum </em>were investigated. Unlike <em>P. </em><em>amplexicaulis </em>(sectio <em>Bauphula) </em>the representatives of sectio <em>Arnoglossum, </em>were found to have headless hairs on the scape with cells overlapping in a characteristic manner. They had no hairs with a unicellular stalk and head divided vertically into two cells, commonly occurring in the representatives of different sections of the genus <em>Plantago: Polyneuron, Lamprosantha, Coronopus, Oreades, </em><em>Leucopsyllium, Hymenopsyllium </em>and <em>Psyllium.</em> Rahn's decision (1978) to transfer the sections <em>Bauphula </em>and <em>Arnoglossum </em>to the subgenus <em>Psyllium </em>seems incorrect. The representatives of the investigated sections, unlike the taxa of the sectio <em>Psyllium, </em>have no hairs with multicellular stalks and unicellular heads, club-like hairs and iridoid-plantarenaloside, while they have morel-like hairs, hairs with overlapping cells and an iridoid-catalpol, lacking in the taxa of the subgenus <em>Psyllium</em>.
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Chinellato, Mariana Menconi, Kimberli Pauline Berwig, and Antonio Roberto Giriboni Monteiro. "Properties of mucilage blends using psyllium husk (Plantago psyllium L) and chia seed (Salvia hispanica L)." Revista Principia - Divulgação Científica e Tecnológica do IFPB 1, no. 53 (February 3, 2021): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18265/1517-0306a2020v1n53p36-45.

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19

Sharma, A. K. "Stability analysis for economic traits in blond psyllium (Plantago ovataForsk.)." Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding (The) 73, no. 2 (2013): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/j.0975-6906.73.2.034.

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Fischer, Milton H., Nanxiong Yu, Gary R. Gray, John Ralph, Laurens Anderson, and Judith A. Marlett. "The gel-forming polysaccharide of psyllium husk (Plantago ovata Forsk)." Carbohydrate Research 339, no. 11 (August 2004): 2009–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carres.2004.05.023.

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21

Francisco Viana, Francine, Marília Costa de Araujo, and Ilse Lisiane Viertel Vieira. "Avaliação do efeito do psyllium (plantago ovata) nos sintomas de dor em portadores de fibromialgia." Revista da Associação Brasileira de Nutrição - RASBRAN 11, no. 1 (July 22, 2020): 86–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.47320/rasbran.2020.912.

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Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito do Psyllium (Plantago ovata) nos sintomas de dor em pacientes com Fibromialgia. Métodos: Participaram do estudo mulheres com fibromialgia (FM) cadastradas na lista de espera da Clínica Escola de Fisioterapia da Unisul. A coleta de dados foi feita de março a maio de 2017. Para avaliar o grau de dor foi utilizada a Escala Visual Analógica (EVA), e a frequência de dor foi avaliada através de uma pergunta objetiva. Cada paciente recebeu 300g de Psyllium para utilizar 10g ao dia durante trinta dias. Os dados foram expressos em média e analisados estaticamente pela análise de variância (ANOVA). Resultados: Foram avaliadas 33 pacientes com FM, com idade variando entre 31 a 68 anos. Antes da intervenção com o psyllium o menor número na EVA foi 5 (n=1) e maior 10 (n=3). Após o uso do psyllium o menor número na escala foi 2 (n=1) e o maior 10 (n=2). Já com relação à frequência da dor, 75,75% (n=25) das pacientes informaram ter dor todos os dias antes da intervenção e 51,51% (n=17) após. Os dados deste estudo demonstraram diferença para melhora do grau e frequência de dor, porém não foram estatisticamente significantes. Conclusão: Apesar de não se ter obtido valores estatisticamente significativos, foi possível visualizar mudança clínica em algumas pacientes. Com a amostra foi relativamente pequena e o período de intervenção foi curto, sugere-se novos estudos que correlacionem a saúde intestinal com sintomas de dor em pacientes com fibromialgia
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IAMONICO, DUILIO, PAOLA FORTINI, and ROMEO DI PIETRO. "Typification of the Linnaean names Plantago afra, P. altissima, and P. lagopus (Plantago subg. Psyllium, Plantaginaceae)." Phytotaxa 405, no. 4 (June 6, 2019): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.405.4.5.

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Reyaz Shah, Aunjum, Paras Sharma, Vinod Singh Gour, S. L. Kothari, Khalid Bashir Dar, Showkat Ahmad Ganie, and Yasir Reyaz Shah. "Antioxidant, Nutritional, Structural, Thermal and Physico-Chemical Properties of Psyllium (Plantago Ovata) Seeds." Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal 8, no. 3 (December 28, 2020): 727–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/crnfsj.8.3.06.

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The present investigation was carried out to characterize four different types of psyllium seeds including one landrace for their nutritional, structural, antioxidant profile and biological active compounds. DSC analysis showed the highest peak temperature (TP) of 107.57 ºC in RI-89 and end set temperature (TE) of 130.2 ºC for HI-5 cultivar. FT-IR analysis displayed strong absorption bands at frequencies 960, 1380, 1740, 2280 and 3280cm-1. SEM micrographs of each cultivar showed compact and irregular mass of fiber at various magnifications. Protein, fat, ash and total carbohydrate content of psyllium seed flour were recorded up to 13.33, 0.38, 5.0 and 77.88 %, respectively. Ethanol was found to be a suitable solvent than methanol to extract the phytonutrients from psyllium seed flour. DPPH free radical scavenging activity (FRSA) of methanolic and ethanolic extract varied between 31 to 39 % and 38.9 to 43 %, respectively. However, ABTS-FRSA varied between 31.7 to 32.9 % and 33.2 to 34.3 %, for methanolic and ethanolic extract, respectively. Total flavonoids and total phenolic content was recorded up to 2.92 mg RE/g and 4.37 mg GAE/g, in ethanolic extract. The reducing power (RP) and Metal chelating activity (MCA) also varied significantly (p≤0.05) among the cultivars. The MCA ranged from 33.20 to 34.81 % in methanolic extracts and 34.62 to 36.07 % in ethanolic extracts. The lowest absorbance for reducing power was found in methanolic extract of landrace (0.16), whereas, the highest was found in ethanolic extract of RI-89 (0.37). Physico-chemical properties including oil and water absorption capacity of both seed and flour did not vary significantly among the cultivars, whereas significant difference was observed in seed hydration capacity among cultivars evaluated. Among the physical properties, L/W ratio ranged from 1.80 to 199, whereas porosity and angle of repose were of 59.2 to 67.7 % and 23.20 to 27.02º, respectively. Static coefficient of friction was found less using steel (0.484 to 0.667) as a test surface compared to wood (0.679 to 0.744) and plastic (0.536 to 0.560). Bulk density, true density and porosity of various psyllium seed cultivars varied between 0.57 to 0.63 g/cm3 and 1.50 to 1.77 g/cm3 and 58.2 to 67.7%, respectively. Geometric mean diameter (Dg), Arithmetic mean diameter (Da) and surface area of seeds (A) varied from 1.49 to 1.60 mm and 1.68 to 1.79 mm and 5.91 to 6.78 mm2, respectively.
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Halász, Katalin, Zsófia Kóczán, Annamária Tóth, Zoltán Pásztory, and Edina Preklet. "The effect of Plantago psyllium seed husk flour on the properties of cellulose sheet." Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal 35, no. 4 (November 18, 2020): 621–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2020-0037.

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AbstractThis study examined the use of Plantago psyllium seed husk flour as paper additive with the aim of improving the properties of cellulose sheet. The husk flour was added in 5 wt%, 10 wt%, 20 wt% and 30 wt% to the cellulose suspensions and its effect on the handsheet properties was studied. The results showed that the direct addition of husk flour highly improves the mechanical properties of the handsheets like tensile index (with up to 400 %), burst index (with up to 600 %) and tear index (with up to 1200 %). Cobb and contact angle tests with distilled water showed that the handsheets containing husk flour are more hydrophobic compared to the unmodified handsheets. The Cobb-Unger and contact angle tests with oil revealed that the additive reduces the oil absorbency of the handsheets as well, at the highest by 86 %. Additionally, the water vapor and especially the air barrier properties were improved. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) antioxidant capacity test showed that the modified handsheets had free radical scavenging properties. The direct addition of Plantago psyllium seed husk flour can be a promising, easy and green method to improve the mechanical and barrier properties, oil and water resistance of cellulose sheets.
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Irfan, Jaffar, Muhammad Ajaz Hussain, Muhammad Tahir Haseeb, Arshad Ali, Muhammad Farid-ul-Haq, Tahira Tabassum, Syed Zajif Hussain, Irshad Hussain, and Muhammad Naeem-ul-Hassan. "A pH-sensitive, stimuli-responsive, superabsorbent, smart hydrogel from psyllium (Plantago ovata) for intelligent drug delivery." RSC Advances 11, no. 32 (2021): 19755–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ra02219a.

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Herein, we report the dynamic swelling, stimuli responsive swelling-deswelling properties, sub-acute toxicity studies and sustained drug release potential of a polysaccharide-based hydrogel isolated from psyllium husk (a well-known dietary fiber).
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Koocheki, A., L. Tabrizi, and M. Nassiri Mahallati . "The Effects of Irrigation Intervals and Manure on Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Plantago ovata and Plantago psyllium." Asian Journal of Plant Sciences 6, no. 8 (November 1, 2007): 1229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ajps.2007.1229.1234.

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kumar, Deepak, Deepak kumar verma, and Izhar fatma. "Studies in the Graft Copolymerization of Acrylic Acid Onto Plantago Psyllium Mucilage." IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry 7, no. 7 (2014): 01–04. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/5736-07710104.

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Rodrı́guez-Morán, Martha, Fernando Guerrero-Romero, and Gloria Lazcano-Burciaga. "Lipid- and Glucose-Lowering Efficacy of Plantago Psyllium in Type II Diabetes." Journal of Diabetes and its Complications 12, no. 5 (September 1998): 273–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1056-8727(98)00003-8.

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Zhou, Yang, Hongjie Dai, Liang Ma, Yong Yu, Hankun Zhu, Hongxia Wang, and Yuhao Zhang. "Effect and mechanism of psyllium husk (Plantago ovata) on myofibrillar protein gelation." LWT 138 (March 2021): 110651. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110651.

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Samad, A., P. V. Ajayakumar, M. Zaim, R. K. Lal, and Abdul Khaliq. "Phytoplasma Associated with Little Leaf Disease of Psyllium (Plantago ovata) in India." Journal of Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants 9, no. 1 (February 4, 2002): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j044v09n01_07.

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Shah, Aunjum Reyaz, Paras Sharma, Thingnganing Longvah, Vinod Singh Gour, S. L. Kothari, Yasir Reyaz Shah, and Showkat Ahmad Ganie. "Nutritional Composition and Health Benefits of Psyllium (Plantago ovata) Husk and Seed." Nutrition Today 55, no. 6 (November 2020): 313–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/nt.0000000000000450.

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Bhat, Suman Vikas, Aamir Manan Deva, and Tawheed Amin. "Physicochemical and textural properties of yogurt fortified with psyllium ( Plantago ovate ) husk." Journal of Food Processing and Preservation 42, no. 2 (August 7, 2017): e13425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfpp.13425.

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Varghese, Thania Sara, Vandana Tripathy, and Jitendra Kumar. "Dissipation of Imidacloprid on White Psyllium (Plantago ovata) Under Semi Arid Conditions." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences 88, no. 2 (August 31, 2016): 547–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40011-016-0786-z.

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Katke, S. D., H. W. Deshpande, and A. R. Tapre. "Review on Psyllium Husk (Plantago ovata): A Novel Superfood for Human Health." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 9, no. 12 (December 10, 2020): 1949–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.912.232.

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Ly, Son, Xiao Yu, Xinsong Zhang, and Alireza Salmachi. "Psyllium husk performance in drilling fluid at elevated temperature and pressure conditions." APPEA Journal 58, no. 1 (2018): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj17181.

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High performance water-based drilling fluid alternatives that meet performance objectives with minimal environmental impact must continually be developed. Drilling fluid performance is dependent on fluid characteristics, and among those most critical are viscosity and filtration. One avenue to improve drilling fluid performance is through enhancement by use of potent, water-soluble natural polymers. Psyllium husk powder is an environmentally friendly natural polymer derived from ground-up surfaces of psyllium seeds (Plantago ovata). When in contact with water, psyllium husk powder forms a gel-like, extraordinarily viscous substance at very low concentrations. It was previously shown that pure psyllium husk is an excellent viscosity and filtration agent for water-based drilling fluid under standard conditions. Psyllium husk can also be used as a clay-extender to enhance viscosity and filtration performance of bentonite mud; however, further laboratory testing of this performance enhancement under elevated temperatures and pressures is required. Extensive laboratory experiments were therefore conducted to test husk performance in bentonite mud under such conditions. An electronic rheometer and a temperature and pressure adjustable API filter press were used to evaluate viscoelastic and filtration mud characteristics respectively. Concentrations of 0.05–0.4% husk with 5% bentonite were tested at 25−120°C under 1500 psi. An optimal husk concentration of 0.1% was determined, increasing bentonite viscosity and yield point by up to 46.9% and 68.1% respectively. Filtrate loss rate and filtration cake thickness were reduced by up to 25.8% and 35.3% respectively. The optimal concentration was useable up to 70°C (~2800 m) before deflocculating was required.
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Andrzejewska-Golec, Emilia, and Jacek Świętosławski. "The morphology of hairs in Plantago famarae Svent." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 58, no. 3 (2014): 307–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.1989.025.

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This paper is a part of a series of investigations on hairs in the genus <em>Plantago L. </em>It deals with an endemic taxon - <em>Plantago famarae </em>Svent. which has not been investigated yet in respect to hairs. The presence of two types of headless hairs and two types of headed hairs was observed. The results of this study are compared to those of another work on two other species from the Canary Islands. <em>P. famarae </em>does not differ from <em>P. arborescens by </em>either hair type or distribution. However, in contrast to <em>P. webbii </em>it has no web-like hairs while hairs with a multicellular stalk and unicellular head hairs (characteristic for the taxa of subgenus <em>Psyllium) </em>are distributed in a different way.
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Srinivasan, Rajani, Monika Agarwal, and Anuradha Mishra. "Plantago psyllium-Grafted-Polyacrylonitrile—Synthesis, Characterization and Its Use in Suspended and Dissolved Solid Removal from Textile Effluent." Water Quality Research Journal 37, no. 2 (May 1, 2002): 371–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2002.023.

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Abstract Grafted copolymer of Plantago psyllium mucilage and acrylonitrile has been synthesized in the presence of nitrogen using ceric ion-nitric acid redox system. P. psyllium-grafted-polyacrylonitrile (PSY-g-PAN) was characterized by IR spectroscopy and tested for its flocculation efficiency in textile effluent by the standard jar test method. The effects of polymer dose, pH and contact time on the removal of solid waste from textile effluent is reported. The optimum dose was found to be 1.6 mg/L, at which a maximum solid removal of 94% suspended solid (SS) and 80% total dissolved solid (TDS) was seen. The most suitable pH was acidic (pH 4.0) and neutral (pH 7.0), for SS and TDS removal, respectively. The optimum treatment duration was 1 hour. X-ray analysis of PSY-g-PAN and solid waste from effluent before and after treatment suggests the interaction of the solid waste with the PSY-g-PAN copolymer.
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Franco, Elisangela Aparecida Nazario, Ana Sanches-Silva, Regiane Ribeiro-Santos, and Nathália Ramos de Melo. "Psyllium (Plantago ovata Forsk): From evidence of health benefits to its food application." Trends in Food Science & Technology 96 (February 2020): 166–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2019.12.006.

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Applequist, Wendy L. "(1714–1715) Proposal to reject the names Plantago psyllium and P. cynops ( Plantaginaceae )." TAXON 55, no. 1 (February 2006): 235–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25065554.

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40

Elli, Marina, Daniela Cattivelli, Sara Soldi, Marzia Bonatti, and Lorenzo Morelli. "Evaluation of Prebiotic Potential of Refined Psyllium (Plantago ovata) Fiber in Healthy Women." Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology 42 (September 2008): S174—S176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mcg.0b013e31817f183a.

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Ziemichód, Alicja, Monika Wójcik, and Renata Różyło. "Seeds of Plantago psyllium and Plantago ovata : Mineral composition, grinding, and use for gluten-free bread as substitutes for hydrocolloids." Journal of Food Process Engineering 42, no. 1 (November 23, 2018): e12931. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfpe.12931.

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42

Jovanovski, Elena, Shahen Yashpal, Allison Komishon, Andreea Zurbau, Sonia Blanco Mejia, Hoang Vi Thanh Ho, Dandan Li, John Sievenpiper, Lea Duvnjak, and Vladimir Vuksan. "Effect of psyllium (Plantago ovata) fiber on LDL cholesterol and alternative lipid targets, non-HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein B: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 108, no. 5 (September 15, 2018): 922–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqy115.

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ABSTRACT Background Studies have identified viscous dietary fiber as potentially attenuating cholesterol, including psyllium, which reduces LDL cholesterol and thus may complement cardiovascular disease (CVD) treatment. Objectives The aims of this study were to update evidence on the effect of psyllium on LDL cholesterol and to provide an assessment of its impact on alternate markers: non-HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein B (apoB). Design Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched through 3 October 2017. Independent reviewers extracted relevant data and assessed risk of bias. We included randomized controlled trials with a duration of ≥3 wk that assessed the effect of psyllium on blood lipids in individuals with or without hypercholesterolemia. Data were pooled by using the generic inverse variance method with random-effects models and expressed as mean differences (MDs) with 95% CIs. Heterogeneity was assessed by Cochran's Q statistic and quantified by the I2 statistic. Overall quality of the evidence was assessed by using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) approach. Results We included 28 trials in our analysis (n = 1924). Supplementation of a median dose of ∼10.2 g psyllium significantly reduced LDL cholesterol (MD = –0.33 mmol/L; 95% CI: –0.38, –0.27 mmol/L; P < 0.00001), non-HDL cholesterol (MD = –0.39 mmol/L; 95% CI: –0.50, –0.27 mmol/L; P < 0.00001), and apoB (MD = –0.05 g/L; 95% CI: –0.08, –0.03 g/L; P < 0.0001). Effect estimates for LDL cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol were graded as moderate quality on the basis of downgrades for inconsistency and graded as high quality for apoB. Conclusion Psyllium fiber effectively improves conventional and alternative lipids markers, potentially delaying the process of atherosclerosis-associated CVD risk in those with or without hypercholesterolemia. This trial is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03346733.
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Xing, Li Chang, Dhanasikar Santhi, Abdul Ghaffar Shar, Muhammad Saeed, Muhammad Asif Arain, Akhtar Hussain Shar, Zohaib Ahmed Bhutto, et al. "Psyllium Husk (Plantago ovata) as a Potent Hypocholesterolemic Agent in Animal, Human and Poultry." International Journal of Pharmacology 13, no. 7 (September 15, 2017): 690–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ijp.2017.690.697.

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44

Khater, Rania, and Waleed Abd El-Azim. "EFFECT OF FERTILIZATION AND HUMIC ACID TREATMENTS ON SEEDS PRODUCTION OF PLANTAGO PSYLLIUM L." Egyptian Journal of Desert Research 66, no. 1 (June 1, 2016): 95–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejdr.2016.5770.

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Sabzehzari, Mohammad, Sousan Hoveidamanesh, Mohammad Modarresi, and Valiallah Mohammadi. "Morphological, anatomical, physiological, and cytological studies in diploid and tetraploid plants of Plantago psyllium." Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) 139, no. 1 (August 7, 2019): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11240-019-01670-y.

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46

Van Craeyveld, Valerie, Jan A. Delcour, and Christophe M. Courtin. "Extractability and chemical and enzymic degradation of psyllium (Plantago ovata Forsk) seed husk arabinoxylans." Food Chemistry 112, no. 4 (February 15, 2009): 812–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.06.035.

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47

Addoun, Noura, Zakaria Boual, Cédric Delattre, Toufik Chouana, Christine Gardarin, Pascal Dubessay, Fatima Benaoun, et al. "Beneficial Health Potential of Algerian Polysaccharides Extracted from Plantago ciliata Desf. (Septentrional Sahara) Leaves and Seeds." Applied Sciences 11, no. 9 (May 10, 2021): 4299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11094299.

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Today, an ethnobotanical approach makes sense for identifying new active bioactive chemicals from uses of indigenous plants. Two water-soluble enriched polysaccharide fractions (L-PSPN and S-PSPN) were extracted by hot water extraction from the leaves and seeds of Plantago ciliata Desf. (1798), a Mzab indigenous herb currently used in Algeria by traditional healers. Primary investigation was performed for describing the main structural features of these polysaccharides (pectin- and heteroxylan-like compositions) by using colorimetric assays, FTIR spectroscopy, HPAEC/PAD and GC/MS-EI analyses. Some biological activities were also monitored, such as anticomplement, anti-inflammatory (phagocytic ability, NOX2 and MPO inhibitions) and anti-diabetic (α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitions). L-PSPC seems able to moderately modulate innate immune system (IC50 around 100 µg/mL) and contribute to wound-healing processes (IC50 close to 217 vs. 443 µg/mL for sodium heparin). S-PSPC shows some potential as an anti-hyperglycemic (IC50 around 4.7 mg/mL) and anti-inflammatory (IC50 ranging from 111 to 203 µg/mL) agent, as well as other (fiber) psyllium-like polysaccharides extracted from Plantago species.
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Van Craeyveld, Valerie, Jan A. Delcour, and Christophe M. Courtin. "Ball Milling Improves Extractability and Affects Molecular Properties of Psyllium (Plantago ovataForsk) Seed Husk Arabinoxylan." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 56, no. 23 (December 10, 2008): 11306–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf802668x.

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Krystyjan, Magdalena, Gohar Khachatryan, Wojciech Ciesielski, Krzysztof Buksa, and Marek Sikora. "Preparation and characteristics of mechanical and functional properties of starch/Plantago psyllium seeds mucilage films." Starch - Stärke 69, no. 11-12 (August 21, 2017): 1700014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/star.201700014.

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Amini, Sahar, Shima Yousefi, and Ali Akbarian Moghari. "Development and quality characterization of liquid Kashk by incorporating psyllium (Plantago ovata Forsk) hydrocolloid gel." Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization 12, no. 3 (April 9, 2018): 1669–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11694-018-9782-8.

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