Academic literature on the topic 'Plantation crops in Sri Lanka'

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Journal articles on the topic "Plantation crops in Sri Lanka"

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Karunarathna, Samantha C., Peter E. Mortimer, Jianchu Xu, and Kevin D. Hyde. "OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH OF MUSHROOMS IN SRI LANKA." Revista Fitotecnia Mexicana 40, no. 4 (December 8, 2017): 399–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.35196/rfm.2017.4.399-403.

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According to recent estimates the mycota of Sri Lanka is highly diverse, yet it has been relatively little studied and remains poorly understood. Sri Lanka may contain up to 25,000 species of fungi, of which only a little more than 2000 are presently known, and this estimate does not take into account the large number of exotics introduced along with food, plantation, and ornamental plants. Mycological research in Sri Lanka has been limited to certain parts of the country, and the available information is widely dispersed, difficult to access, and plagued by synonymy. Commercially cultivable mushrooms were first introduced to Sri Lanka in 1985, and today both endemic and non-native species are cultivated. This paper addresses the current status of Sri Lankan mushroom research, and suggests measures which are needed to support the future development of Sri Lankan mycology.
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Tharindra, Hemajith, Gregory Daniel Brown, Kayla Stankevitz, Ashley Schoenfisch, Sarath Amarasinghe, Vijitha De Silva, L. Gayani Tillekeratne, and Truls Østbye. "Depressive Symptoms and Perceived Stress among Estate Rubber Tappers in Southern Sri Lanka." International Journal of Occupational Safety and Health 6, no. 1 (June 13, 2018): 2–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijosh.v1i1.15379.

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Background: Rubber production is an important component of the Sri Lankan economy. Prior reports have raised concerns about poverty and poor physical and social living conditions among rubber tappers.Objective: To assess rubber tappers’ psychological health and distress.Methods and Material: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 300 rubber tappers in two large rubber plantations in southern Sri Lanka from September to November 2014. Structured questionnaires including the Peradeniya Depression Scale (PDS) and the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) were administered. The prevalences of depression and stress were calculated, including across sociodemographic and work history variables of interest.Results: Each plantation contributed 150 of the 300 participants. The majority were women (n = 183, 61%) with a median age of 47 years (range 21 to 89). Based on the PDS, 9% of the rubber tappers screened positive for depression. While on the PSS-10, 10% demonstrated a high level of perceived stress. On log-binomial regression, persons who were widowed, divorced, or separated compared to being married had a higher prevalence of depression and high stress. A higher prevalence of stress was found in Tamil versus Sinhalese as well as Christian versus Buddhist participants. A higher prevalence of depression was seen in workers with over 30 years of experience compared to less experienced counterparts.Conclusions: Depression was more common in rubber tappers in this study than among other non-plantation Sri Lankan populations. Further research is needed to elucidate factors associated with psychological distress and to foster support mechanisms for the rubber tappers.
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Jayathilaka, P. M. S., Peeyush Soni, Sylvain R. Perret, H. P. W. Jayasuriya, and Vilas M. Salokhe. "Spatial assessment of climate change effects on crop suitability for major plantation crops in Sri Lanka." Regional Environmental Change 12, no. 1 (May 25, 2011): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10113-011-0235-8.

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Lucas, E. O. "Siam Weed (Chromolaena odorata) and Crop Production in Nigeria." Outlook on Agriculture 18, no. 3 (September 1989): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072708901800306.

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Siam Weed was introduced to Nigeria in 1937, through the importation of timber species from Sri Lanka. It is now a serious weed of both arable and plantation crops in the country. Efforts to control it through manual, mechanical, chemical and biological means have met with little success. At present, the weed seems uncontrollable and suggestion is made that the new research focus should be on its possible industrial and pharmaceutical uses.
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RANJITH MAHINDAPALA. "CURRENT STATUS OF COCONUT RESEARCH IN SRI LANKA." CORD 7, no. 01 (June 1, 1991): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37833/cord.v7i01.244.

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Coconut occupies about 410,000 ha of land in Sri Lanka, and is the largest plantation crop. The most important coconut growing area is called the "Coconut triangle" which comprises most of the districts of Puttalam. Colombo and Gampaha. Together, they account for nearly 70 per cent of the coconut lands. There are about 700,000 coconut growers, the majority of which are small‑holders. About 70‑75 per cent of the holdings are below 4 hectares.
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Muzrif, Munas M., Dinusha Perera, Kumudu Wijewardena, Berit Schei, and Katarina Swahnberg. "Domestic violence: a cross-sectional study among pregnant women in different regions of Sri Lanka." BMJ Open 8, no. 2 (February 2018): e017745. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017745.

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ObjectivesThe aims of this study were to assess the regional differences in domestic violence among pregnant women in the capital district and in the tea plantation sector of Sri Lanka, to explore potential contributory factors and to assess whether healthcare workers addressed domestic violence and disclosure among survivors.DesignA cross-sectional study was carried out using interviewer-administered Abuse Assessment Screen.SettingFifty-seven antenatal clinic centres in the capital district and 30 in the tea plantation sector.ParticipantsPregnant women between 6 and 40 weeks of gestational age. In the capital district, 1375 women were recruited from antenatal clinic centres in the urban (n=25) and in the rural areas (n=32), and 800 women from 30 centres in the tea plantation sector. The response rate in the capital district was 95.6% and 96.7% in the tea plantation sector.ResultsAmong the total sample of pregnant women (n=2088), the prevalence of ‘ever abused’ was 38.6%, and the prevalence of ‘currently abused’ was 15.9%. ‘Ever abused’ (31.5% vs 50.8%) and ‘currently abused’ (10% vs 25.8%) were significantly higher (P<0.001) among the women living in the tea plantation sector. ‘Ever abused’ was associated with living in the tea plantation sector, being employed, living far from gender-based violence care centre and of Muslim ethnicity, after adjusting for age, education and family income. Only 38.8% of all participants had been asked by healthcare workers about abuse. Living in the tea plantation sector and lower level of education were associated with not being asked. Among those who reported ‘ever abused’, only 8.7% had disclosed the experience to a healthcare worker.ConclusionDomestic violence was prevalent and highest among women in the tea plantation sector compared with the capital district. The capacity of healthcare workers in addressing domestic violence should be increased.
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van der Poorten, George, and Nancy van der Poorten. "Cephrenes trichopepla (Lower, 1908): An invasive Australian species, recorded in Sri Lanka for the first time with notes on its biology, life history and distribution (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae)." Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 156, no. 1 (2013): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22119434-00002021.

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Cephrenes trichopepla (Lower, 1908), an invasive Australian species, was recorded for the first time in Sri Lanka in July 2009 but it is likely to have been in the island much longer. Since then, it has been recorded in several locations in the Northwestern province, near Colombo in the Western province, and in Kandy in the Central province. Recorded larval food plants are coconut palm, Cocos nucifera, a widely cultivated plantation crop, and a species of Livistona, a cultivated garden palm (Arecaceae). The immature stages and behavior in Sri Lanka are documented for the first time.
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Galgamuwa, Lahiru S., Devika Iddawela, and Samath D. Dharmaratne. "Knowledge and practices of food hygiene among food handlers in plantation sector, Sri Lanka." International Journal of Scientific Reports 2, no. 12 (November 24, 2016): 304. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20164307.

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<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Diseases related with consumption of contaminated foods are a common problem in worldwide. Food handlers play a major role in ensuring food safety and hygiene. Information about food hygiene in plantation sector of Sri Lanka is insufficient. This study was designed to assess the knowledge and practice of food hygiene among food handlers in tea plantation sector of Kandy, Sri Lanka.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">A community based cross sectional study was conducted among food handlers in tea plantations in three tea plantations from July to September 2013. Information regarding food handling practices, knowledge and attitude of food hygiene and safety and medical treatments was obtained from food handlers using a structured questionnaire. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 20 statistical software. </span><span lang="EN-IN"> </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> 375 food handlers from 18 to 63 years (mean 33.4 ± 7.2) were enrolled of which 88% of them were females. Out of total participants, 59.6% of the respondent had good knowledge of food practice and hygiene. Gender (p = 0.044), education level of food handlers (p = 0.019), and good medical practices (p &lt; 0.05) were statistically significant with practice of food safety and hygiene.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Community - health education programs, promoting food hygiene and safety training should be implemented to improve the level of knowledge and practice of food hygiene. </span></p>
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Warsakoon, W.M.M.P.D.K. "Preliminary Study on Heavy Metals in Coconut and Coconut Products." CORD 26, no. 1 (April 1, 2010): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.37833/cord.v26i1.132.

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Coconut is one of the major plantation crops which plays a pivotal role in the economy of Sri Lanka. The objective of this study is to investigate the presence of heavy metals in fresh coconut kernel and in some coconut products in Sri Lanka. Levels of lead (Pb), Chromium (Cr), Aluminum (Al), Ferrous (Fe), Copper (Cu), Manganese (Mn), Cadmium (Cd), Zinc (Zn), and Arsenic (As) were determined in samples of fresh coconut kernel, coconut milk, coconut milk powder, and coconut cream using the Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS) method. Fresh coconut kernel and coconut products were found to contain Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn. Fresh coconut kernels showed the highest content of these metals. Coconut cream and coconut milk samples demonstrated the lowest levels of these metals. Potentially toxic heavy metals such as Pb, Cd, As, and Al were not detected in the tested samples. The occurrence of the heavy metals in all the coconut products tested was below the permissible levels suggested by the USDA, World Health Organization, and the Quality Standards of CODEX Vol. 1 Section 6, 1991.
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L. V. K. LIYANAGE and M. DE. S. LIYANAGE. "WEED CONTROL UNDERSTORY WEED MANAGEMENT IN COCONUT LANDS." CORD 8, no. 01 (December 1, 1992): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37833/cord.v8i01.258.

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Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) is by far the most extensively cultivated plantation crop in Sri Lanka. It is essentially a small holder crop comprising about 86% of small. holdings and homesteads and the balance belonging to the estate sector. The growth habit of the palm and its canopy structure requires a wide, spacing between palms, which permits abundant sunlight to the understory. As a result, the unutilised space beneath the plantation becomes invaded by a wide range of perennial and annual weed species. Such weeds invariably compete with coconut for soil moisture and nutrients, affecting its growth and yield and obstructing routine estate practices. Management of the understory weed growth is, therefore, considered an essential step in maintaining the plantation. In fact, the cost of weeding accounts for a substantial proportion of the total recurrent expenditure for maintenance.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Plantation crops in Sri Lanka"

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Padmasiri, Wanigasundara W. A. "Extension needs of a plantation industry with special reference to the tea industry in Sri Lanka." Thesis, University of Reading, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379215.

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Zuhair, Segu M. M. "Harvesting behavior of perennial cash crops: a decision theoretic study." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76322.

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This study analyzed the harvesting behavior of perennial cash-crop growers in Sri Lanka. These growers face two alternatives with respect to harvesting; premature and mature harvesting. The objectives of the study were: to determine the reasons for premature harvesting, to explain this behavior with socio-economic factors as explanatory variables, and to describe the behavior with decision theory. The first objective was achieved by surveying a sample of 240 farmers. Fear of theft and immediate money needs were the reasons why most farmers harvested their crop at a premature stage. A logit probability model was used to explain this behavior. Education of the farmer, ratio of lowland to total land operated by the farmer, and the total family income were significantly related to harvesting behavior. Expected utility theory, expected profit maximization, and a lexicographic safety-first model were used to predict farmer behavior. The expected utility approach used the exponential utility function, the quadratic utility function, and the cubic utility function. The lexicographic safety-first model minimized the probability of regret as the first objective and maximized the expected income as the second objective, in that order. The expected utility model with the exponential utility function made the largest number of correct predictions followed by the expected profit maximizing model. The conclusions of this study, while providing more evidence of the poor predictive ability of the expected profit maximizing model, further supports the usefulness of expected utility theory in describing and predicting farmer behavior. A majority of the studies on farmer behavior have concentrated on resource allocation. This study has demonstrated that even harvesting behavior can be explained by expected utility theory. There was no consistency in the way the utility functions ranked the two harvesting alternatives; for certain farmers the ranking of one function reversed the ranking of other functions. This study has, thus, demonstrated the influence of utility functional forms on the ranking of prospects. The results were sensitive to changes in the discount rate and the results of the safety-first model were sensitive to changes in the expected income.
Ph. D.
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Seneviratne, Seneviratne Jayasundara Mudiyanselage Prajna Uddeepthi. "Producing and (re)producing? : an ethnographic narrative of female plantation and apparel workers of Sri Lanka." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/10294.

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In this journey of ‘storytelling ethnography’ I set out to narrate the stories of ‘tea pluckers’ and ‘sewing girls’, as they struggle to combine their productive and reproductive labour working within the third world/postcolonial context of Sri Lanka. While placing my thesis within a theoretical framework of Marxist and postcolonial feminist thinking, I do not take these theories as given but attempt to explain the extent to which such thinking is reflective of the interactions of women’s productive and reproductive labour as happens within these specific work regimes. Drawing on the belief that ‘knowledge’ of women’s lives should be grounded in and informed by the material politics of everyday life, especially the daily life struggles for survival of women themselves, I employ ethnography from a feminist perspective as the prime methodological approach of this study. Through developing a reflection of my own methodological approach I argue that doctrines of ethnography as a feminist method of research developed by western writers is not fully reflective of the ethical political considerations as applied to third world/postcolonial locations like mine. Exploring and analyzing the daily lives of ‘tea pluckers’ and ‘sewing girls’ through the multiple lenses of class, gender and ethnicity I see these two groups of women, working under two different work regimes, as negotiating the multiple interactions of their productive and reproductive labour in diverse ways; closely interwoven with each other at times and completely separated from each other at others. Finally I see existing feminist thinking, specifically Marxist feminist thinking as not fully reflective of woman’s lives as lived within these settings and argue for a new integrated theoretical framework that see third world women workers as engaged in a continuous struggle against the oppressive structures surrounding their lives.
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Selvaratnam, Sesheeni. "Girls' education in Sri Lanka, a moral necessity : access and impediments to education for female tea plantation residents." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ56365.pdf.

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Ratnasoma, H. A. "Studies on the use of Pasteuria penetrans for control of root-knot nematodes and its field evaluation on perennial crops in Sri Lanka." Thesis, University of Reading, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.253457.

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Jegathesan, Mythri. "Bargaining in a Labor Regime: Plantation Life and the Politics of Development in Sri Lanka." Thesis, 2013. https://doi.org/10.7916/D86D615Z.

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This dissertation is an ethnographic study of migrant labor, development, and gender among Malaiyaha ("Hill Country") Tamil tea plantation residents in contemporary Sri Lanka. It draws on one year of field research (2008-2009) conducted during state emergency rule in Sri Lanka amongst Malaiyaha Tamil plantation residents, migrant laborers, and community members responding to histories of dislocation and ethnic marginalization. Based on ethnographic observations, detailed life histories, and collaborative dialogue, it explores how Malaiyaha Tamils reconstitute what it means to be a political minority in an insecure Sri Lankan economy and state by 1) employing dignity-enabling strategies of survival through ritual practices and storytelling; 2) abandoning income-generating options on the plantations to ensure financial security; and 3) seeking radical alternatives to traditional development through employment of rights-based ideologies and networks of solidarity in and beyond Sri Lanka. Attending to these three spheres of collective practice--plantation life, migrant labor experience, and human development--this dissertation examines how Malaiyaha Tamils actively challenge historical representations of bonded labor and political voicelessness in order to rewrite their representative canon in Sri Lanka. At the center of each pragmatic site is the Malaiyaha Tamil woman. Focusing particularly on the female worker, I present emerging gender relations and experiences in group life, transnational labor mobilization, and development work that pose radical and deliberate alternatives to economic marginalization and capitalist plantation production in Sri Lanka. Negotiating their place within patriarchal structures on the plantation and in civil society, Malaiyaha Tamil women present themselves in ways that sharply contrast the expert narratives of their experiences, which are composed for public recognition and consumption. Interceding this transmission of knowledge, their stories actively transform plantation development discourses in Sri Lanka and resituate their practices within the more enabling frame of transnational feminism and solidarity. Addressing lacunas in South Asian, social science, and humanities literature on Malaiyaha Tamil women, this dissertation contributes lived content on previously unrecorded women's experiences and complicates former accounts of the woman worker in Sri Lanka. Informing this project is the relationship among community, vulnerability, and reproduction. How are forms of Malaiyaha Tamil development and membership, when increasingly opened up to the realm of the political, made at once vulnerable and generative in their attempts to gain a sense of security and belonging in Sri Lanka? What do practices of cultural reconfiguration and solidarity-building reveal about the persistence of community as an affective term and the woman worker's position in global movements of transnational feminism and migrant labor? Each chapter focuses on this relationship in the context of the final months and aftermath of civil war in Sri Lanka, and I engage the work of political theorists, Sri Lankan historians, and development scholars to argue for a more productive way of thinking about communities in crisis. I argue that community is the continual mental exercise of self-refinement and a mode in which Malaiyaha Tamils address insecurities of a closed past with intentional practices of fixing belief in an open present. This enabling perspective allows us to account for the realities of social investment, movement, and network-building that Malaiyaha Tamils experience in Sri Lanka. By analyzing the contradictions and legacy of seizing Malaiyaha Tamil plantation experience in Sri Lankan history and scholarship, this dissertation seeks to envision the Sri Lankan woman worker as a global subject with transformative possibilities for her community and nation and contribute to the anthropologies of development, labor, and gender in South Asia.
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Jilani, Andrew Akbar. "Tani prachanaigal (water problems). Interpersonal conflict resolution practices of a plantation Tamil labor community in Sri Lanka: A qualitative case study." 1998. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI9841881.

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Due to a worldwide increase in migration, refugees, and migrant laborers, interpersonal conflicts today are more frequent and complex. The young field of interpersonal conflict resolution is therefore being looked to for answers. Practitioners all over the globe are limited by the conflict resolution literature which is mostly written from a western perspective. There is a need to explore interpersonal conflict resolution practices of different cultural groups and societies with different histories of oppression. In a 15-month qualitative research study, I explored interpersonal conflict resolution practices of a Tamil labor community on a tea plantation in Sri Lanka called Sooryan. The first part of the study traces the establishment of plantations in Sri Lanka by the British. It differentiates between plantation and non-plantation societies. The works of Jayaraman (1975), Beckford (1983), Wesumperuma (1986), Daniel (1993), and Hollup (1994) help trace the cultural, economic, and political factors which cause conflicts on plantations. This part also explores interpersonal conflict resolution practices in different societies, and presents four third-party conflict resolution models practiced in non-plantation societies. The second part describes the labor community at Sooryan plantation. It explains the living and working conditions of the laborers, and the role of Talaivars (leaders) and trade union representatives. It examines discrimination faced by the laborers from the outside non-plantation community. It highlights the machine bureaucracy and the management style at Sooryan. The third part explores four categories of interpersonal conflicts, which manifest within-family, between laborers, between laborers and their supervisors, and between the labor plantation community and the outside non-plantation community. It describes processes which the labor community uses in resolving their conflicts. Challenges are posed to practitioners and educators by contrasting the conflict resolution practices of the Sooryan labor community with the mainstream mediation model of the United States. Finally, the study examines the unique problems of the labor community and how its social, economic, and political isolation makes its conflicts permanent. With this understanding, further research and effective educational programs can be developed for plantation societies, migrant laborers, and refugees. To this end, the daily water problems of the Sooryan labor community in Sri Lanka serve as a timely reminder.
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Books on the topic "Plantation crops in Sri Lanka"

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The hills of paradise: British enterprise and the story of plantation growth in Sri Lanka. Pannipitiya: Stamford Lake, 2001.

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Wickramasinghe, Y. M. CGPRT crops in Sri Lanka: A statistical profile. Bogor, Indonesia: Regional Co-ordination Centre for Research and Development of Coarse Grains, Pulses, Roots and Tuber Crops in the Humid Tropics of Asia and the Pacific, 1995.

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Vije, Mayan. Where serfdom thrives: The plantation Tamils of Sri Lanka. Madras, India: Published by Tamil Information & Research Unit on behalf of Tamil Information Centre, London, United Kingdom, 1987.

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Karunatilake, K. E. Prospects of feed crops in Sri Lanka: The role of CGPRT crops. Bogor, Indonesia: CGPRT Centre, Regional Co-ordination Centre for Research and Development of Coarse Grains, Pulses, Roots and Tuber Crops in the Humid Tropics of Asia and the Pacific, 2003.

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Youmans, David V. Pulse crops market dynamics in Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. Pullman: International Marketing Program for Agricultural Commodities & Trade, College of Agriculture & Home Economics, Washington State University, 1994.

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Moldrich, Donovan. Bitter berry bondage: The nineteenth century coffee workers of Sri Lanka. Kandy, Sri Lanka: Co-ordinating Secretariat for Plantation Areas, 1989.

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Moldrich, Donovan. Bitter berry bondage: The nineteenth century coffee workers of Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka: Coordinating Secretariat for Plantation Areas, 1988.

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Pon̲kalan̲, Cantiyāpiḷḷai Kīta. The impact of globalization on the plantation sector in Sri Lanka. Bandarawela: Leo Marga Ashram on behalf of PSSF, 2004.

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Banking and business in Sri Lanka: From plantation to diversified economy. Colombo: Kandy Books, 2010.

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Arunatilake, Nisha. Effectiveness of welfare programmes in improving estate performance in Sri Lanka. Colombo: Institute of Policy Studies, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Plantation crops in Sri Lanka"

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Gunarathne, A. D. Nuwan, and Mahendra Peiris. "Sustainable Waste Management for the Plantation Sector in Sri Lanka." In Struggles and Successes in the Pursuit of Sustainable Development, 70–83. First Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2020. | Series: The principles for responsible management education series: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351140560-9.

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Marambe, Buddhi, S. S. B. D. G. Jayawardena, W. M. W. Weerakoon, and Hemantha Wijewardena. "Input Intensification in Food Crops Production and Food Security." In Agricultural Research for Sustainable Food Systems in Sri Lanka, 215–48. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2152-2_10.

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Bush, Kenneth D. "Critical Juncture I: 1948 Independence and the Disenfranchisement of the Plantation Tamils." In The Intra-Group Dimensions of Ethnic Conflict in Sri Lanka, 75–83. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230597822_4.

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Kurian, Rachel. "Women’s Work, Male Domination and Controls over Income among Plantation Workers in Sri Lanka." In Women, Poverty and Ideology in Asia, 178–95. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20757-2_8.

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Peiris, H. M. P., and Nuwan Gunarathne. "A Community-Driven Household Waste Management System in the Tea Plantation Sector: Experiences from Sri Lanka Toward a Circular Economy." In Handbook of Solid Waste Management, 1–30. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7525-9_42-1.

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"CHAPTER FIVE. Sri Lanka: The Industrial Plantation Crop Sector." In Winners and Losers, 143–83. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/9781501718243-006.

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Samarasinghe, S. W. R. de A. "The Indian Tamil Plantation Workers in Sri Lanka: Welfare and Integration*." In Ethnic Conflict in Buddhist Societies: Sri Lanka, Thailand and Burma, 156–71. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429033087-11.

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"ACCESS OF FEMALE PLANTATION WORKERS IN SRI LANKA TO BASIC-NEEDS PROVISION." In Different Places, Different Voices, 149–63. Routledge, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203033029-20.

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"Improving Educational Effectiveness in a Plantation School: The Case of the Gonakelle School in Sri Lanka." In Effective Schools in Developing Countries, 95–115. Routledge, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203816455-10.

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de Silva, Harsha, and Dimuthu Ratnadiwakara. "ICT Policy for Agriculture Based on a Transaction Cost Approach." In Technology, Sustainability, and Rural Development in Africa, 323–37. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-3607-1.ch020.

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In Sri Lanka, the majority of farmers are generally poor,and rely on subsistence agriculture. If these farmers can even partially be made responsive to market needs, as opposed to current household needs, they could cultivate at least some income generating crops, which if sustained, can reduce their poverty. However, high transaction costs associated with obtaining market information have continued to keep poor farmers entrenched in subsistence farming. The current ICT revolution is making previously costly market information much more affordable to these farmers. Therefore, if used appropriately, ICT can help reduce the high transaction costs associated with market information thereby helping farmers move toward some level of commercialization. The question is how a country can achieve this objective. This paper considers the case of Sri Lanka and provides lessons, both positive and negative, for African policymakers.
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