Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Plantation de palmier à huile'
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Rafflegeau, Sylvain. "Dynamique d'implantation et conduite technique des plantations villageoises de palmier a huile au cameroun : facteurs limitants et raisons des pratiques." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004759.
Full textPrawirosukarto, Sudharto. "Etude d'un virus pathogène de "Setothosea asigna" Van Eecke (Lepidoptera : limacodidae), ravageur du palmier à huile en Indonésie : caractérisation, diagnostic et épidémiologie en plantation." Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20261.
Full textBarral, Stéphanie. "Le nouvel esprit du capitalisme agraire : les formes de l’autonomie ouvrière dans les plantations de palmier à huile en Indonésie." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0017.
Full textWage labor in agriculture is globally growing with the expansion of a capitalistic agriculture. Yet, this form of labor is not very much studied in Social Sciences. This research, built on the Sociology of Work, questions the social conditions that underlie agrarian capitalism. The approach focuses on the definition of workers’ autonomy, security and common good in large palm tree plantations in Indonesia. The thesis tests first the notion of “spirit of capitalism” as developed by Boltanski and Chiapello, applying it to workers – not to executives. It applies then this notion in a society where the Welfare regime is poorly developed. Field work, when contrasted against an historical ideal type of plantation capitalism, shows a change in the state of this capitalism since the 1970s. Conflict was the main mode that regulated labor during the first century of plantations development. The dismantling of a number of social protections and a new tolerance toward freedom of entrepreneurship brought social peace. Two forms of autonomy rose, which are mainly determined by the local conditions of access to land : controlled autonomy and acquired autonomy. A monographic approach of workers’ private lives witnesses however the remaining influence of hierarchical domination. The thesis concludes that partial autonomy, subtly associated with a strong and accepted control leads to the reinforcement of plantation capitalism. Results offer also food for thought on the wider issue of contemporary agrarian capitalism
Rafflegeau, Sylvain. "Dynamique d'implantation et conduite technique des plantations villageoises de palmier à huile au Cameroun : facteurs limitants et raisons des pratiques." Paris, AgroParisTech, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AGPT0038.
Full textIn southern Cameroon, oil palm "smallholdings" contribute to rural development and meeting national oil and fat requirements for human consumption and soapmaking. From 1978 to 1991, 13,000 ha of selected oil palm smallholdings were set up with technical and financial support from a project. Selected oil palm smallholdings then trebled and now occupy around 40,000 ha. The latter plantations, set up without supervision or financial backing, display widely varying practices, raising two questions: the agronomic value of smallholdings and adaptation of standard technical advice. This work took a dual agronomic approach. Firstly a regional agronomic diagnosis to identify yield-limiting factors and practices from which they arose, in order to trace plot evolution patterns. Secondly a comprehensive analysis of field make-up, tracing back planting conditions in each plot and repositioning farms in their supply region. A new limiting factor specific to oil palm smallholdings was found: nitrogen nutrition in mature palms. A spatial and temporal analysis of field make-up helped to explain the variability in practices, enabling links to be made between planting conditions, juvenile palm management and mature plot characteristics. Technical advice was revised to adapt it to the new situations in plots, on farms and in the supply chain environment
Komba, Mayossa Prune Christobelle. "Dégradation du couvert forestier liée à la culture du palmier à huile par télédétection en milieu tropical humide : application au bassin du Congo." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0414.
Full textThe objective of this doctoral research is to study the degradation of forest cover due to the industrial cultivation of oil palm by remote sensing in the Congo Basin, particularly the SOCAPALM-Kienké palm grove in Cameroon. To characterize degradation, in order to highlight the systemic link between forest cover degradation and changes in palm grove and landscape structure, the functional approach to landscape ecology was combined with the spatial approach to remote sensing. To achieve this objective, several processing integrating spectral indicators, statistical indicators, structural landscape ecology indicators and remote sensing morphological indicators were carried out
Pardon, Lénaïc. "Modelling of the nitrogen budget of oil palm plantations to help reduce losses to the environment. Case study in Sumatra, Indonesia." Thesis, Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017IAVF0018/document.
Full textHumanity faces the challenges of urgently decreasing the environmental impact of agriculture, shifting diets and increasing food production. Oil palm is a tropical perennial crop emblematic of these challenges. While its cultivation can be associated with environmental impacts, oil palm can produce 3 to 7 t of edible oil ha-1 in optimal conditions, which is 7 to 10 fold higher than in annual oil crops. In this context, improving palm oil production sustainability is crucial for both reducing negative environmental impacts and ensuring food security. Application of synthetic nitrogen (N) fertilisers was identified as a major source of environmental impacts associated with the cultivation of oil palm. Life cycle assessments of palm oil have already been performed to help quantify impacts and identify potential improvements of management practices. However, the only available emission models to estimate N losses to environment are generally valid for annual crops and temperate climate conditions. The use of such general models in life cycle assessment may lead to very uncertain results or to low sensitivity of assessments to management practices. The overall objective of this research work was to help identify management practices to reduce N losses in the environment. The core of the work was hence to develop a model that estimates all N losses in oil palm plantations, while being sensitive to management practices. The study focused on N fluxes in industrial oil palm plantations on mineral soils. We performed four steps in order to complete the objectives of this research work. First, we conducted a literature review of all the existing knowledge about N fluxes and losses in plantations. Second, we compared 11 existing models that may be used to predict N losses in plantations. Third, we performed an in-depth Morris’s sensitivity analysis of one of the models, the APSIM-Oil palm process-based model. Fourth, we used all the information identified in the previous chapters, together with expert knowledge, to build IN-Palm, an agri-environmental indicator for N losses in oil palm plantations. We used the INDIGO® method and the fuzzy decision tree modelling approach to develop IN-Palm, and we validated this indicator using a field dataset of N leaching from a plantation in Sumatra, Indonesia. Our literature review and model comparison showed that oil palm peculiarities may impact significantly N dynamics and losses. We identified research gaps and uncertainties about N losses, their drivers and the modelling of oil palm peculiarities. We identified the main drivers of N losses and yield in the APSIM-Oil palm processbased model. We built IN-Palm, which uses 21 readily available input variables to estimate each N loss pathway. IN-Palm predictions of N leaching were acceptable, and IN-Palm has shown efficient to help testing management changes. This research constitutes a comprehensive synthesis of the available knowledge and models for N fluxes and losses in oil palm plantations. One of the main results is a novel agri-environmental indicator, IN-Palm, operationally-oriented, sensitive to local practices and environmental conditions, as well as potentially useable as an emission model for holistic approaches such as life cycle assessment. The INDIGO® method and fuzzy decision tree modelling approach were shown to be very well adapted for building agri-environmental indicators in contexts of knowledge scarcity. This indicator can be a useful base for further research about using agrienvironmental indicators to reduce uncertainty in life cycle assessment, and for future adaptations for other tropical perennial crops
Hartmann, Christian. "Evolution et comportement de sols sablo-argileux ferrallitiques sous culture de palmiers a huile. Cas de la plantation r. Michaux a dabou (cote d'ivoire)." Paris 6, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA066520.
Full textAholoukpè, Hervé. "Matière organique du sol et développement du palmier à huile sous différents modes de gestion des feuilles d'élagage : cas des palmeraies villageoises du département du Plateau au Bénin." Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NSAM0036/document.
Full textSmallholder oil palm plantations are taking increasingly importance in tropical areas where the crop contributes significantly to the economy of the countries. In Benin, smallholder oil palm plantations are in expansion in a particular context characterized by high annual water deficits. Smallholder plantations are characterized in particular by the association of food crops with the young palms, the absence of mineral fertilization throughout the growing cycle and the removal of all or part of recyclable biomass. These specific characteristics raise some questions about the sustainability of the production system. The study was conducted in the region of Plateau located in southeast of Benin (2º 30-2º 45 E and 6 ° 35-7 ° 45 N). A first step diagnosis of the plantations' typology showed that small farmers own the major part of plantations. These small farmers have limited financial resources that neither allow them planting large areas nor applying mineral fertilizers. Food crops represent predominantly the previous cropping history of the plantations. The young palm trees are always associated with various food crops. Practices of mill residues recycling, limited to a few large producers, and the management of pruned fronds distinguish the smallholder plantations. Management of pruned fronds starts at 7 years old of the palm plantation. There are various ways of management of pruned fronds, from total recycling (RT) to no recycling at all (RN).In this context, the management of pruned oil palm fronds in smallholder plantations may induce different effects on the soil-plant system, and its agronomic and environmental impact deserves to be investigated. For this purpose, the typology of plantations allows to choose a chronosequence of palm plantations representing two contrasting ways of managing pruned fronds: RT of fronds piles and RN practices. This chronosequence was used to compare the effect of management of pruned fronds on soil and plant compartments.In the soil compartment, organic matter stocks, chemical parameters, microbial activity and status of organic matter were studied. The studies at the plant level concerned, first, the development parameters (density, length and surface area) of primary, secondary and thin roots; and second, the above ground biomass and mineral-mass of the plant. The studies of the aboveground biomass required to develop non-destructive methods based on allometric equations to estimate biomass of frond and trunk.On the agronomic view, the RT practice after 10 years of fronds recycling induced a significant effect on soil fertility parameters. Organic matter and nitrogen stocks at 0-50 cm depth increased by 70% and 50%, respectively, under frond piles compared to inter-rows without fronds. Surprisingly, the RN practice did not induce a decrease of organic matter stock over time. The increase of carbon and nitrogen stocks after 10 years of fronds recycling, improved soil parameters on the first 20 cm depth. The soil was enriched in organic matter (20gC.kg -1) and nitrogen (1.5gN.kg -1). The sum of exchangeable cations and cationic exchange capacity reached average values (7meq.100g -1) two times higher than the cases of no recycling of fronds. Calcium and magnesium contents increased while potassium contents are very low. The pH increased to 0.5 units and the soil shifted from acid to slightly acid status. Total recycling of fronds induced an increased soil microbial activity witch changed the quality of soil organic matter. So, the carbon content of fine organic fractions (< 20μm) increased to 40% at 0-5 cm and to 15% at 20-30 cm, compared to the no recycling of pruned fronds
Andru, Julie. "Les populations invasives de rongeurs en milieu agricole : une étude menée dans des cultures de grande échelle, les plantations de palmiers à huile en Indonésie : Approche paysagère, génétique et écotoxicologique." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00984597.
Full textVerwilghen, Aude. "Rodent pest management and predators communities in oil palm plantations in Indonesia : comparison of two contrasted system." Thesis, Besançon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BESA2042/document.
Full textRodent pest control is often a major issue in agroecosystems. We conducted a 3-year comparative study (2010-2012) in oil palm plantations in Riau and Bangka provinces, in Indonesia: in both areas barn owls have been introduced for rat control, and were at least as abundant in Bangka plantations than in Riau, but in Riau rat populations have been maintained at an acceptable level without the use of rodenticide, whereas in Bangka intensive rodenticide applications did not prevent high levels of rat damage. We compared these two contrasting systems in terms of predator community (barn owls and small carnivores) abundance and/or diet. We found that small carnivores were much more abundant in Riau plantations than in Bangka, and that the leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis) was the dominant species in Riau while absent from Bangka. Our results on diet suggested that rat prey intake from barn owls and from the small carnivore community would be less in Bangka plantations than in Riau. Broadly, our results suggest that small carnivores, notably the leopard cat, play an important role in rodent control. In addition, we investigated spatial distribution of small carnivores within the oil palm habitat. Our results support the hypothesis that, although the oil palm may be habitable for some small carnivore species such as the leopard cat, where they supposedly forage at night, most species still need forest for their survival in oil palm landscapes. Oil palm plantations managers should adapt agricultural practices and land-use to enhance small carnivores, with the view to improve rodent control
Nkongho, Raymond. "Les conditions du développement durable des plantations villageoises de palmiers à huile au Cameroun." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MON30078/document.
Full textThe collapse of the FONADER sponsored partnership between oil palm smallholders and major agro-industries in Cameroon together with the structural adjustment program, the devaluation of the Franc CFA, the economic crises, as well as the fall in the international market price for cocoa and coffee, led to the emergence of independent oil palm producers in the country. These oil palm planters have been grappling with the management of their plantation and the processing of their FFB with the use of artisanal mills. But the numerous difficulties faced by these smallholders are translated into very low yields registered in their plantations. In the light of the recent interest expressed by new agro-industries to invest in the oil palm sector in Cameroon, and the decision by old companies to expand their surface areas, the study notes that in order to mitigate some of the social and environmental crises that result from land conflicts and forest degradation, the most sustainable approach to develop the sector will be to revamp win-win and equitable partnerships between oil palm planters and agro-industries.In Cameroon, four of the seven palm oil production basins carved out during the FONADER partnership scheme where selected for our study sites. They included Eseka in the Center region, Dibombari in the Littoral region, Muyuka and Lobe in the Southwest region. The respective agro-industries were Socapalm, Cameroon Development Corporation (CDC) and Pamol. In Malaysia and Indonesia, the study sites were the FELDA scheme of Besout in the district of Batang Padang, the PIR and KKPA scheme of PT SAL in the district of Bungo, the KKPA scheme of PT Megasawindo and PT Musim Mas in the district of Bungo and Pelalawan respectively. Data collection was organized through the administration of semi-guided questionnaires, secondary data sourcing, personal communication with different stakeholders in the sector, focus group discussions, internet and library search, as well as field observation visits.The study looked at the origine and evolution of partnership schemes between oil palm smallholders and agro-industries, what was right, what went wrong in the course of time, and why most partnerships collapsed. The study further looked at the strengths and weaknesses of today's independent oil palm smallholders and the reasons why these smallholders prefer to process their FFB in artisanal mills despite the presence of agro-industrial mills at the vicinity of their plantations. The study further drew inspiration on the positive and negative experiences of major schemes in Malaysia and Indonesia which have boosted production in their oil palm sector through case studies as well as through a participatory prospective analysis workshop in Cameroon on the future of the palm oil sector, as a way to generate policy recommendation on the way forward for future partnership schemes between oil palm smallholders and agro-industries in Cameroon.Keywords: Partnership, FONADER, FELDA, PIR, KKPA, agro-industry, smallholder, outgrower schemes
Tengku, Mohd Azahar Tuan Dir. "Génération de prédiction par la combinaison de fusion de données et de modélisation spatio-temporelle : application à la localisation de la répartition de la maladie basal stem rot dans les plantations de palmiers à huile." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LAROS386.
Full textThis thesis represents a new approach for predicting plant disease in a plantation through combination of data fusion and spatio-temporal modelling. Plant disease is a major problem in the world of agriculture. Example in Malaysia, basalstem rot disease (BSR) caused by Ganoderma Boinense is the most serious disease for oil palm plantation in Malaysia. The fungus infects oil palm trees, initially causing yield loss and finally killing the trees. Various factors were previously reported to influence incidence of BSR, such as previous crops, techniques for replanting, types of soils and the age of trees. At present effective and sustainable management strategies to control BSR are hampered mainly by a lack of understanding of mechanisms of disease establishment, development and spread. The present research is an attempt to apply data fusion technique and temporal modelling in Geographical Information System (GIS) to investigate the behaviour of plant disease in a specific area (small skill area). This research will focus on how GIS can help to assess the distribution plant disease in a small scale plantation. With concurrent advances in global positioning systems (GPS) and the use of geographical Information Systems(GIS) techniques have provided powerful analysis tools for precision agriculture. Data for analysis were obtained from oil palm planting density experiments at MPOB research stations at Teluk Intan, Perak, Malaysia. In the case of BSR disease, the results of the predictive modelling show a significance correlation between predicted BSR diseases with visually observed BSR data. It found that the proposed predictive modelling has well predicted the presence of BSR disease. Although at the beginning stage of BSR diseases infection, the model has not fitted exactly the distribution of the disease, we believe that with the proper selection of the source of data, the performance of the model will be improved.Overall, the model has well predicted the presence of diseases with accuracy up to 98.9%
Adam, Hélène. "Caractérisation de gènes appartenant à la famille MADS box chez le palmier à huile et étude de leur rôle dans la mise en place de la structure florale." Montpellier 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON20135.
Full textNgiye, Érasme. "La filière palmier à huile au Burundi : acteurs et territoires." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU20140/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the study of the palm oil chain in Burundi. Its main aim is to analyze how this culture constructs its territory. It studies palm’s actors, their strategies and the way they are organized and the territorialized space by this chain. The palm oil chain in Burundi has experienced two important modes of cultures. The traditional method of farming dominated by the old variety "dura" and was characterized by extensive polyculture. Between spaced palms, food crops growing were possible. The second concerns the method of cultivation of monoculture oil palm which is only intended to produce palm oil. It involves cultivation of the new variety "tenera" considered more productive than the old variety. The transition from the old to the new farming method did not without consequences on the livelihoods of farmers in major palmicole areas Burundi (Rumonge and Nyanza-Lac). The installation of the new variety "tenera" in Rumonge and Nyanza Lac, respectively entrusted to the Regional Development Company Rumonge and Nyanza Lake project has certainly generated a real commercial agriculture, but it was at the expense of other food crops. In this work we show the socio-economic upheavals that culture has generated the lifestyles of farmers, for example the exacerbation of land conflicts. The cultivation of oil palm continues to expand into other regions. Through a historic analysis of the construction of oil palm land, we show how the construction of the oil palm area is about actors who do not have the same financial means nor the same objectives. The modes of organization and strategies vary according to each stakeholder group and initial financial capital. The weak organization of small producers of oil palm observed in Imbo area does not augur a good future for them. For lack of means, are forced to sell their farms to wealthy people. Finally, the study shows how capital holders access to the palm oil chain through the lease of land from poor peasants
DE, TOUCHET BLANDINE. "Micropropagation du palmier a huile (elaeis guineensis jacq. ) en milieu liquide." Paris 11, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA112368.
Full textVillegas, Marie-José. "Modalités d'obtention de protoplastes à partir de pollens application au palmier à huile /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376106127.
Full textWalter, Jean. "Conception et réalisation d'une base informatisée de données génétiques du palmier à huile." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376107177.
Full textVillegas, Marie-José. "Modalités d'obtention de protoplastes à partir du pollen : application au palmier à huile." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112484.
Full textProtoplasts from male gametophyte can be used either in haploidisation programs or in fusion manipulations. The isolation of such protoplasts has been tested with mature pollen (bicelluled) of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis). From germinated pollen, protoplast isolation can be obtained by applying simultaneously plasmolysis and enzymatical digestion, onto pollen tubes. From non-germinated mature pollen the enzymatical incubation allows a digestion of one of the 3 germinal apertures which leads to the exit of protoplasts. By this way, the protoplast population is very heterogeneous in their size, involving different cytoplasmic and nuclear contents. Calcofluor white colorations showed the complete elimination of the pollinique walls around the protoplasts. The disinfection of male flowers was necessary to obtain protoplast isolation in sterile conditions and various protoplast culture conditions have been tested. The parameters tested during the culture are those generaly analysed. One of the main particularity of the culture medium is the use of lactose as the source of carbohydrated elements. The protoplasts in culture looked like callus protoplasts non chlorophylian, many cytoplasmic streams. These protoplasts evolved up to four nuclei after 48 h of cultural without further development. When nucleus extractions were done just after protoplast isolation, it was possible to collect vegetative and reproductive nuclei. The latter ones were often included in the generative cells. So, isolation of pollen protoplasts has been settled down in repeatable and sterile conditions. The prospects for the use of such haploid protoplasts are numerous and various since they bring through either applied or fundamental fields
Walter, Jean. "Conception et réalisation d'une base informatisée de données génétiques du palmier à huile." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112513.
Full textFournié-Morcillo, Fabienne. "Etude comparée de l'accumulation des protéines de réserve pendant l'embryogénèse zygomatique et l'embryogénèse somatique du palmier à huile, Elaeis guineensis Jacq." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20024.
Full textBraconnier, Serge. "Physiologie de la nutrition en chlorure chez le palmier à huile et le cocotier." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376122923.
Full textBraconnier, Serge. "Physiologie de la nutrition en chlorure chez le palmier à huile et le cocotier." Montpellier 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON20176.
Full textLieugomg, Médard. "Les plantations industrielles et les plantations villageoises de palmiers à huile sélectionnées dans les zones d'intervention de la société camerounaise des palmeraies (So. Ca. Palm) : le cas des régions d'Eseka et de Dibombari." Paris 10, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA100191.
Full textIn order to implement a palm-tree scheme in eastern Cameroon, a development enterprise, the societe camerounaise des palmeraies (so. Ca. Palm), was set up in 1968. Today, its action is extended to 5 areas (mbongo, dibombari, eseka, kienke and edea). Eseka and dibombari areas alone it controls 8 421 ha of improved palm-trees and more than 1 700 employees in industrial palm-groves and 5 154 ha for 1 348 small holders. So. Ca. Palm has achieved a noticeable progress as far as production is concerned but is confronted with problems due to personnel and small holders’ management. These problems are aggravated by the aging of plantations and difficulties in commercializing its products both on national and international markets. If the state cannot efficiently and competently manage with profitability a firm with so. Ca. Palm dimensions, the solution is either privatization or the creation of smaller enterprise, setting up of small structures by which peasants can understand why and for whom they should produce
Jourdan, Christophe. "Modélisation de l'architecture et du développement du système racinaire du palmier à huile (Elaeis guineensis Jacq. )." Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20208.
Full textDollet, Michel. "Recherches étiologiques sur les syndromes pathologiques des oléagineux tropicaux pérennes, cocotier et palmier à huile." Grenoble : ANRT, 1985. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375947061.
Full textKoutou, Anatole. "Recherche de marqueurs enzymatiques liés à la teneur en huile de la pulpe du fruit chez le palmier à huile (Elaeis guineensis Jacq)." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20184.
Full textJaligot, Estelle. "Méthylation de l'ADN génomique et variations épigénétiques chez les végétaux : le cas de l'anomalie florale "mantled" chez le palmier à huile." Montpellier 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON20009.
Full textProfitos, Adrian. "Pluralisme juridique et dynamiques foncières émergentes à Sabah, Malaysia : paysanneries locales, huile de palme et développement." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/19726.
Full textMohd, Salleh Mohd Najib. "Construction d'arbres de décision avec valeurs incomplètes pour la sélection de graines de palmier à huile." La Rochelle, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LAROS240.
Full textA missing value in incomplete information always inherent the accuracy of classification tasks when a decision tree is used to classify unseen cases. There will be cases where plausible values are required to retain towards more principled and less intrusive. In order to handle the attribute with missing values, the researcher generalizes decision algorithms that provide simpler and more understandable models to optimally fulfill human expert requirement and constraint. Our objective is to partition data by taking full advantage of the information with the presence of missing values ; but with supporting global information to achieve better performance. The contributions of this study are newly developed algorithms and analyses for planting material classification. The researcher reports the empirical results that may provide high returnin planting material breeders in oil palm industry through effective policies design and decision making
Houssou, Moïse. "Amélioration du palmier à huile (Elaeis guineensis Jacq. ) en zone peu humide : résultats récents obtenus au Bénin." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112197.
Full textThis thesis presents an evaluation of the oil palm improvement in Benin. The analysis of the results of the home prospection and the International Experience show the weakness of the oil yield of this material. But, his elimination of the improvement general program does not permit to know his characteristics in drought conditions. The recent results obtained in Akpadanou (Benin) show the complexity of the factors which have an effect on the behaviour to the drought. The effect of the genetic factors of resistance, if they exist, does not appear in moderated hydric stress condition. When the stress is high, it appears a large variability for the death-rate of the total yield. In spite of the obvious joining between the yield potential and the mortality, the results seem to reveal the existence of resistance factors which would be research by the specific studies. Waiting, the short-dated improvement strategy must be in priority center on the productivity
Mariau, Dominique. "Gestion des populations de coelaenomenodera lameensis Berti et Mariau (col. Chrysomelidae) en vue de la mise au point d'une stratégie de lutte raisonnée." Montpellier, ENSA, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ENSA0017.
Full textBereau, Didier. "Huiles et fractions insaponifiables de huit espèces de palmiers amazoniens." Toulouse, INPT, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPT005G.
Full textDufrêne, Eric. "Photosynthèse, consommation en eau et modélisation de la production chez le palmier à huile (Elaeis guineensis Jacq)." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112168.
Full textLeaf gas exchanges of oil palm trees were studied in situ, in relation with environmental factors when water supply was not limited. Net assimilation rate and stomatal conductance were similar to that of best C3 species. Because of their great sensitivity to air vapor pressure deficit, stomates regulated strongly the transpiration rate while limiting photosynthesis. No perceptible effect of temperature was observed. A water balance study showed that 13 year-old trees extracted water on soil depth of 5 meters. Stomatal regulation appeared early with soil drying out, but was relaxed by light rains. A model was elaborated from these data. It simulates potential assimilation, real evapotranspiration, soil water content, real assimilation, respiration and carbohydrates partitioning. Measured and simulated potential production are closed to each other. Observed soil water content is similar to the calculated one. A few more investigations will be necessary to quantify the effect of soil water deficit on net assimilation
Cros, David. "Etude des facteurs contrôlant l’efficacité de la sélection génomique chez le palmier à huile (Elaeis guineensis Jacq)." Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NSAM0045/document.
Full textAgricultural production must increase at an unprecedented rate to meet the strong growth expected in food demand. Genomic selection (GS) could contribute to reaching this goal by allowing selection of individuals on their sole genotype, making breeding more efficient. Breeding for yield in oil palm, the first oil crop in the world, is currently based on hybrid production by reciprocal recurrent selection. The integration of GS to this scheme would have major repercussions. This thesis aims to assess the potential of GS to predict hybrid combining abilities in parental populations (Deli and group B). Data from the last breeding cycle were used to obtain the first empirical estimate of GS accuracy. Despite the small populations available to calibrate the genomic model, the study showed that with candidates related to the training population (sibs, progenies), the accuracy was sufficient to make a pre-selection in the group B on some yield components. In addition, simulations over four generations showed that the accuracy of several GS strategies (especially when training the model only in the first generation using hybrid genotypes) was high enough for non progeny tested individuals to allow selecting among them on their genotype. This resulted in an increase of more than 50% of annual genetic gain compared to traditional breeding. A faster increase in inbreeding was also demonstrated, but this could be limited by conventional methods of inbreeding management. Finally, the experimental and simulated data indicated that GS could reduce the average generation interval and increase the selection intensity, vastly speeding up the genetic progress for oil palm yield. A recurrent reciprocal genomic selection scheme was suggested for oil palm. Its application requires an experimental confirmation of the simulations, by estimating GS accuracy over several generations without retraining the model. Future research should use new GS models, potentially more effective (taking into account non additive effects or a priori information on marker effects, etc.)
Hetcheli, Follygan. "Place du palmier à huile dans le milieu rural traditionnel et dans les dynamiques de développement au Togo : cas de la région des plateaux." Aix-Marseille 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX10086.
Full textAbadie, Catherine. "La fusariose du palmier a huile : influence des facteurs edaphiques et culturaux sur la gravite de la maladie." Paris 11, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA112504.
Full textQadri, Rashad Waseem Khan. "Characterization of NAM/CUC3-related genes from oil palm (Elaeis guineensis L.) and factors regulating their expression during in planta and in vitro development." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20057/document.
Full textPlant development depends on functioning of meristems, which are at the base of organ production during the post-embryonic phase. The development depends also on the definition of boundaries between meristem and primordia but also between organs. NAM/CUC3 genes belonging to the NAC domain transcription factor family and their microRNA regulator miR164 play an important role in these mechanisms in eudicot species. In addition to their role in boundary definition, they are involved in the establishment of the shoot apical meristem during embryogenesis and in the control of the plant and organ architectures. On the basis of data from eudicot species, the conservation of these genes and their regulation, and their involvement in meristem functioning in palm species (Arecales, Arecaceae) and more generally in monocot species was still an open question. In this context, three NAM/CUC3-related genes have been isolated in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis L.), EgNAM1, EgNAM2 and EgCUC3. Theses genes are expressed in both vegetative and reproductive meristematic tissues. Our analysis revealed the conservation of the NAM-miR164 regulatory module in this species and a divergence in term of expression pattern between monocots and eudicots, which may be related to differences in cis-regulatory regions of NAM genes. In contrast the expression pattern of NAM/CUC3 during somatic embryogenesis indicates similarity in the timing of expression between oil palm, maize and rice and also a conservation of the auxin-dependent regulation of NAM genes during this developmental phase as observed in Arabidopsis thaliana. However, even if miR164-dependent post-transcriptional regulation of NAM genes was detected during somatic embryogenesis, auxin-dependent repression seems to be essentially through transcriptional regulation
Aberlenc-Bertossi, Frédérique. "Etude de la tolerance a la dessiccation des embryons zygotiques et somatiques de palmier a huile (elaeis guineensis jacq. )." Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA066001.
Full textREIS, DE CARVALHO CLAUDIO JOSE. "Mecanismes de resistance a la secheresse chez des plantes jeunes et adultes de palmier a huile (elaeis guineensis jacq. )." Paris 11, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA112006.
Full textAuffray, Thomas. "Etude des interactions chimiques entre les espèces cultivées d'Elaeis et les insectes pollinisateurs." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT074.
Full textThe African oil palm Elaeis guineensis Jacqu. (Arecales: Arecaceae) is a tropical plant of economic interest and the world's leading source of vegetable oil. Oil production depends on pollination by weevils of the genus Elaeidobius (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). These insects are involved in a specialized mutualist relationship with the host plant: they develop at the expense of the male inflorescences they detect through the odors emitted during the anthesis, while the female inflorescences are pollinated by mimicking the male odors. E. guineensis is affected by a lethal disease in South America that leads to the development of commercial varieties of interspecific hybrids, resulting from artificial crossing between E. guineensis and the South American oil palm Elaeis oleifera (Knuth) Cortés. However, the natural pollination of these hybrids is inadequate and require the intervention of a costly assisted pollination. This thesis hypothesizes that the chemical communication underlying the successful encountering between each oil palm species and their respective pollinators is deficient in hybrid palms.The main objective of this work was to study the functioning of the pollination system for both oil palm species to understand why natural pollination in hybrids is inefficient. The study was conducted in a commercial plantation in Ecuador, including the two species E. guineensis and E. oleifera present with their respective pollinating insects, the African weevil Elaeidobius kamerunicus Faust. and the South American weevil Grasidius hybridus O'Brien & Beserra (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), as well as interspecific hybrid palms. Using techniques of trapping and sampling of floral odors, our results showed the pollination system of both species of palm is based on the emission of a specific chemical signal and an olfactory deception, reinforced by a phenomenon of thermogenesis. The two insects are attracted in a small proportion to hybrid palms, which have an intermediate chemical composition compare to parent species. Physiological and behavioral tests permit the identification of the key volatile organic compounds responsible for pollinator attraction.This work should contribute to theoretical knowledge about the oil palm pollination system and the development of practical methods for pollinator management to reduce costs in assisted pollination
Engelmann, Florent. "Cryoconservation des embryons somatiques de palmier à huile, Elaeis guineensis Jacq. mise au point des conditions de survie et de reprise." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37597370r.
Full textCaliman, Jean-Pierre. "Dégradation de propriétés physiques conditionnant la fertilité des sols sous culture du palmier à huile en Côte d’Ivoire : Essai de correction." Dijon, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990DIJOS018.
Full textNgando, Ebongue Georges Franck. "Etude de la lipase endogène du mésocarpe du fruit du palmier à huile (Elaeis guineensis Jacq. ) : application à la sélection de lignées à faible acidité de l’huile." Bordeaux 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR21616.
Full textKiki, Célestin Kpokpogbé. "Construction sociale d'innovation technologique et résistance paysanne au changement, le phénomène d'hybridation du palmier à huile dans le sud-est du Bénin." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ56838.pdf.
Full textLecoustre, René. "Approche mathématique d'un équilibre biologique à trois antagonistes exemple du palmier à huile, de Coelanomenodera minuta Uh. et de ses parasites d'oeufs /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376151184.
Full textMouyna, Isabelle. "Caracterisation moleculaire et etude de la diversite des fusarium oxysporum forme speciale elaeidis responsables de la fusariose vasculaire du palmier a huile." Paris 7, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA077072.
Full textDUMET, DOMINIQUE. "Cryoconservation des embryons somatiques de palmier a huile (elaeis guineensis jacq. ) par deshydratation-vitrification. Etude du role du saccharose pendant le pretraitement." Paris 6, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA066108.
Full textBESSE, ISABELLE. "Recherche du determinisme hormonal de l'anomalie de la morphogenese florale liee a l'embryogenese somatique chez le palmier a huile (elaeis guineensis jacq. )." Paris 6, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA066045.
Full textBlal, Bachar. "LesEndomycorhizes VA chez le palmier à huile (Elaeis guineensis Jacq. ) : rôle dans la régulation de la croissance et dans la nutrition minérale des jeunes plants de clones micro propagés." Dijon, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989DIJOS035.
Full textBillotte, Norbert. "Recherche et étude des locus contrôlant les caractères à déterminisme génétique complexe (QTL) du palmier a huile (Elaeis guineensis Jacq. ), par cartographie génétique multiparentale." École nationale supérieure agronomique (Montpellier), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ENSA0023.
Full textThe goal of this work was to search and to study the loci of characters under complex genetic control (QTL) in the oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq. ), by multi-parent genetic mapping. Results are given step by step from the production of molecular markers to the identification of agronomic QTL, in view to marker-assisted breeding of oil palm. A total number of 390 microsatellite markers (SSR) were developed in the E. Guineensis species. The SSR polymorphism was characterised in the E. Guineensis and in the closely related species E. Oleifera, in which an optimal utility of the SSR markers was observed, as well as on a subset of 16 other palm species. Twenty-six phenotypic quantitative characters were studied using a 2 x 2 complete factorial mating design involving 4 heterozygous parents issued from 3 genetic backgrounds Deli, La Mé and Yangambi. A reference linkage map was constructed in the control cross LM2T x DA10D of the factorial design, using 944 locus (255 SR, 688 AFLP, locus Sh) distributed on 16 linkage groups representing the 16 chromosome pairs of the oil palm. This linkage map of 1735 cM allowed to sample 253 SSR loci distributed along the genome and which were used to construct a consensus map of the factorial design. Also, two markers were located at 7 cM and at 11 cM on each side of the Sh locus controlling the variety type of the fruit in oil palm, using bulk segregant analysis and linkage mapping methods. A set of 71 QTL of vegetative and production characters were identified thanks to the factorial design, using a CIM method with 3 types of additive linear models for the QTL search, under a new MCQTL Outbred software perfected by INRA (France): cross by cross model, disconnected multi-parent model and connected multi-parent model. A validation of the identified QTL and an integration of the multi-parent approach are proposed in the frame of a general marker-assisted breeding scheme of oil palm within the context of its Elaeis genus