Academic literature on the topic 'Plantation Key'
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Journal articles on the topic "Plantation Key"
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Flaspohler, David J., and Christopher R. Webster. "Plantations for Bioenergy: Principles for Maintaining Biodiversity in Intensively Managed Forests." Forest Science 57, no. 6 (2011): 516–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/57.6.516.
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Abstract As the value of forests for providing a feedstock for bioenergy increases, more land will probably be converted to fast-growing tree plantations to increase short-term production of cellulose. In general, plantations support fewer plant and animal species than native forests because plantations are greatly simplified in terms of tree and other plant species richness and in terms of many structural and process-related forest functions. However, native biodiversity can be retained in some plantation forests if careful management is used in all stages of plantation establishment, tending, and harvest. Key considerations for conserving biodiversity as plantation forests grow as a proportion of total world forest cover include choice of plantation tree species, harvest frequency, rotation age, and care and management of biological legacies and forest understory plant and wildlife communities. We provide background and guidance that can be used to guide future plantation management in a new era of using forests to capture and store carbon and to generate bioenergy.
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Janas, P. S., and D. G. Brand. "Comparative Growth and Development of Planted and Natural Stands of Jack Pine." Forestry Chronicle 64, no. 4 (1988): 320–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc64320-4.
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This study compares growth yield, and stem quality differences at age 21 between plantations spaced at 2.13 × 2.13 m (2204 stems/ha) and 4.27 × 4.27 m (548 stems/ha), and a nearby natural jack pine stand of identical age (initial density of 29 800 stems/ha). Merchantable volume/ha was greatest at the 2.13 m spacing, followed by the less dense plantation and natural stand. Total volume/ha (trees > 1.3 m height) was also greatest in the 2.13 m plantation, followed by the natural stand and the 4.27 m plantation. Individual tree mean merchantable volumes decreased with increasing density. Height growth decreased with increasing density. Height 4.27 m plantation relative to the 2.13 m plantation. Stem quality of the natural stand was markedly better than in both plantations. A comparison of an older natural stand and a plantation in the same area suggests that superiority of tree form of denser natural stands will continue through to rotation. High mortality in the natural stand was largely the result of snow and ice damage which caused patchy and irregular stocking. These results imply that widely spaced plantations of unimproved jack pine will produce large individual tree sizes, but at the expense of quality. Key words: Pinus banksiana, plantations, natural stands, stem quality growth and yield, stand density, mortality, spacing, silviculture.
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Wang, G. Geoff, J. Aurea Siemens, Vince Keenan, and Daniel Philippot. "Survival and growth of black and white spruce seedlings in relation to stock type, site preparation and plantation type in southeastern Manitoba." Forestry Chronicle 76, no. 5 (2000): 775–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc76775-5.
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Differences in survival and growth of black and white spruce seedlings planted on boreal mixedwood sites were tested for stock types (transplant versus container), site preparation (Donaren disc trenching versus no trenching), and plantation types (open versus sheltered) in southeastern Manitoba after eight or nine growing seasons. Mortality of open plantation (32.3%) and container stock (32.5%) were significantly higher than sheltered plantation (23.7%) and transplant stock (22.8%), respectively. Donaren trenching slightly reduced the mortality of black spruce but significantly increased the mortality of white spruce. Seedlings of container stock (110 cm) were significantly shorter than transplant stock (157 cm). Significant difference in height was found between open and sheltered plantations for black spruce but not for white spruce. Root collar diameter of container stock (15.6 mm) was significantly smaller than transplant stock (23.1 mm). Root collar diameter in sheltered plantations was significantly larger than that in open plantations for black spruce but not for white spruce. Black spruce open plantation had significantly smaller volume (97 cm3) compare to black spruce sheltered (210 cm3) and white spruce open (175 cm3) and sheltered (229 cm3) plantations. White spruce open plantations also had smaller volume than white spruce sheltered plantations. Container stock had smaller volume (89 cm3) than transplant stock (267 cm3). For transplant stock, strip plantations had a significantly higher volume (329 cm3) than open plantations (204 cm3). Based on above results, we recommend that (1) transplant stock should be used, (2) sheltered plantation site preparation should be used on boreal mixedwood sites, and (3) Donaren disc-trenching is not necessary for planting white spruce. Key words: silviculture, boreal mixedwood site, plantation
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Purwandari, Heru. "SISTEM EKONOMI PERKEBUNAN: PERSISTENSI KETERGANTUNGAN NEGARA DUNIA KETIGA." Jurnal AGRISEP 10, no. 1 (2011): 63–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.31186/jagrisep.10.1.63-79.
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There was changing in dependency of the economic plantations system in along time. Two phenomena which always occur is the smallholding estate system are poverty and underdevelopment. In the colonial period, though plantation integrated to the external world, but farmer plantation never change from dependency situation which was created by colonial government. At present, when globalization become ideology that condition has not change. In the makro context, dependency in plantation on colonial period was showed by authority for source of economic. At present, dependency have influence in political government. All of government programs have implication in stagnancy of dependency nature. Key words: dependency, plantation, poverty, and underdevelopment
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Zhang, Hengshuo, Xuehui Jiao, Tonggang Zha, et al. "Developmental Dynamics and Driving Factors of Understory Vegetation: A Case Study of Three Typical Plantations in the Loess Plateau of China." Forests 14, no. 12 (2023): 2353. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14122353.
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Understory vegetation is one of the most important links for improving forest biodiversity, and its restoration is conducive to sustainable forest development, energy flow, and nutrient cycling. However, little is known about the developmental dynamics and main driving factors of the long-time series coverage, biomass, diversity, and species composition of plantation understory vegetation. In a case study of three typical plantations, with a natural secondary forest as reference in the Loess Plateau of China, we collected understory vegetation from a Robinia pseudoacacia Linn. deciduous broad-leaved plantation, Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. evergreen coniferous plantation, and mixed plantation with an age span of 10 to 50 years. (1) The understory plantation coverage and biomass results of stands with different ages showed the R. pseudoacacia plantation to be significantly higher than the P. tabulaeformis plantation, and the species diversity of the P. tabulaeformis plantation changed the most with the stand age. However, the growth resource imbalance, and drastic changes in the stands’ environment caused by excessive intraspecific competition in the early stage of the P. tabulaeformis plantation vegetation restoration, are the main reasons that make the species diversity of undergrowth vegetation of P. tabulaeformis plantation lower than that of other stand types. (2) The understory species composition of the plantations revealed their degree of community stability. Compared to the R. pseudoacacia plantation and P. tabulaeformis plantation, the mixed plantation had higher stability, and its species composition closely resembled a natural secondary forest. The community stability of the P. tabulaeformis plantation was the lowest because it had the lowest coverage, biomass, and species diversity of understory vegetation. However, the understory species composition of the three plantation types converged, which was due to atypical species contribution. (3) The dynamic changes of canopy and soil nutrients were the main driving factors affecting the R. pseudoacacia plantation understory vegetation species composition. Stand density and elevation limited the understory vegetation communities of P. tabulaeformis plantation restoration. Soil bulk density is the key factor affecting understory vegetation in mixed plantations, and this effect weakens with the stand age. In future studies, the focus should be on the converged action and further development trend of atypical species, choosing an appropriate recovery strategy (active or passive), and providing more possibilities for the intensive management of vegetation under different plantations.
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Smith, Hilary, Peter Kanowski, Rodney J. Keenan, and Somvang Phimmavong. "Lao Plantation Policy: Prospects for Change." Forests 12, no. 8 (2021): 1132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12081132.
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Policies to promote tree plantations in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic have been developed since independence to support national socio-economic and environmental goals, and in response to domestic and international markets. The effectiveness of these policies has been variable, and the resulting plantation wood value chains are poorly developed due to contradictory and confusing laws and regulations with inconsistent application and high transaction costs. Consequently, there has been limited tree plantation investment, and few investments have realized the anticipated benefits. Renewed interest in plantations from the government, investors and other sectors in Laos has prompted policy reviews and recognition of the need for new policy settings. We reviewed the development of plantation policies in Laos and assessed policy effectiveness and barriers to policy options. Through document analysis, interviews with key stakeholders and actors, stakeholder forums, and field research, we found that smarter regulation, and facilitating value-chain partnerships and knowledge sharing, can motivate smallholders and industry investors in plantations, and increase community-level benefits and financial returns to the Government and private sector. These results are discussed in the context of current international developments in plantation policy and the convergence in related policy processes in Laos.
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Bulmer, C. E., and M. Krzic. "Soil properties and lodgepole pine growth on rehabilitated landings in northeastern British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 83, no. 4 (2003): 465–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s03-013.
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We determined post-establishment tree growth and soil properties on rehabilitated log landings and forest plantation sites with medium texture in northeastern British Columbia. Six years after rehabilitation treatments were applied, 60% of rehabilitated landing plots had more than 1000 stems ha-1, while 17% had fewer than 600 stems ha-1. The average height of undamaged lodgepole pine trees on rehabilitated landings was consistently lower than for trees of the same age on plantations. Surface (0–7 cm) and subsurface (10–17 cm) soil bulk densities were higher for rehabilitated landings than for adjacent plantations. Rehabilitated landing and plantation soils had similar values of total and aeration porosity. Plantation soils had higher available water storage capacity (AWSC) than rehabilitated soils. Soil mechanical resistance after landing rehabilitation was often higher than for plantation soils at the same depth. Soils on both rehabilitated landings and plantations showed an increase in mechanical resistance from June to September 2001. With the exception of June 2001, soil mechanical resistance after landing rehabilitation was often higher than 2500 kPa. For surface mineral soils, there were no differences in total C, N, or cation exchange capacity (CEC) between rehabilitated landings and plantations. Rehabilitated landing soils had significantly higher total C and N at 10–17 cm depth than plantation soils, which coincided with higher clay content for the landing subsoils. Key words: Forest soil rehabilitation, soil degradation, soil productivity, soil conservation
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Li, Jiayu, Jiayi Lin, Chenyu Pei, Kaitao Lai, Thomas C. Jeffries, and Guangda Tang. "Variation of soil bacterial communities along a chronosequence of Eucalyptus plantation." PeerJ 6 (September 24, 2018): e5648. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5648.
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Eucalyptus is harvested for wood and fiber production in many tropical and sub-tropical habitats globally. Plantation has been controversial because of its influence on the surrounding environment, however, the influence of massive Eucalyptus planting on soil microbial communities is unclear. Here we applied high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene to assess the microbial community composition and diversity of planting chronosequences, involving two, five and ten years of Eucalyptus plantation, comparing to that of secondary-forest in South China. We found that significant changes in the composition of soil bacteria occurred when the forests were converted from secondary-forest to Eucalyptus. The bacterial community structure was clearly distinct from control and five year samples after Eucalyptus was grown for 2 and 10 years, highlighting the influence of this plantation on local soil microbial communities. These groupings indicated a cycle of impact (2 and 10 year plantations) and low impact (5-year plantations) in this chronosequence of Eucalyptus plantation. Community patterns were underpinned by shifts in soil properties such as pH and phosphorus concentration. Concurrently, key soil taxonomic groups such as Actinobacteria showed abundance shifts, increasing in impacted plantations and decreasing in low impacted samples. Shifts in taxonomy were reflected in a shift in metabolic potential, including pathways for nutrient cycles such as carbon fixation, which changed in abundance over time following Eucalyptus plantation. Combined these results confirm that Eucalyptus plantation can change the community structure and diversity of soil microorganisms with strong implications for land-management and maintaining the health of these ecosystems.
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., Duryat, Sylvain Raflegau, and Marck Phillip Cannon. "Dinamika Kepemilikan Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit Di Provinsi Riau Sumatra Indonesia." Jurnal Sylva Lestari 1, no. 1 (2014): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jsl1193-100.
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Smallholder’s plantations represent 44% of oil palm in Indonesia, and they were known to have agronomic performance much lower than Estate ones. So there is large room for increasing the yield with sustainable cropping system. To better understand the heterogeneity of smallholder’s plantations, an agricultural diagnosis has been implemented in a specific place, Riau Province of Sumatra. This study led to well characterize the dynamics of plantation in the region and the diversity of rationalities. Among eight existing types of smallholding plots, there were only three types with yield hardly lower than those of the estate plantations. This reinforced the interest to implement diagnosis through the nutritional status of palms using data from foliar diagnosis and soil analysis. Key words : dynamic of plantation, palm oil, smallholders, Sumatra
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Zhang, K., H. Zheng, F. L. Chen, et al. "Changes in soil quality after converting <i>Pinus</i> to <i>Eucalyptus</i> plantations in southern China." Solid Earth 6, no. 1 (2015): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-6-115-2015.
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Abstract. Vegetation plays a key role in maintaining soil quality, but long-term changes in soil quality due to plant species change and successive planting are rarely reported. Using the space-for-time substitution method, adjacent plantations of Pinus and first, second, third and fourth generations of Eucalyptus in Guangxi, China were used to study changes in soil quality caused by converting Pinus to Eucalyptus and successive Eucalyptus planting. Soil chemical and biological properties were measured and a soil quality index was calculated using principal component analysis. Soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, alkaline hydrolytic nitrogen, microbial biomass carbon, microbial biomass nitrogen, cellobiosidase, phenol oxidase, peroxidase and acid phosphatase activities were significantly lower in the first and second generations of Eucalyptus plantations compared with Pinus plantation, but they were significantly higher in the third and fourth generations than in the first and second generations and significantly lower than in Pinus plantation. Soil total and available potassium were significantly lower in Eucalyptus plantations (1.8–2.5 g kg−1 and 26–66 mg kg−1) compared to the Pinus plantation (14.3 g kg−1 and 92 mg kg−1), but total phosphorus was significantly higher in Eucalyptus plantations (0.9–1.1 g kg−1) compared to the Pinus plantation (0.4 g kg−1). As an integrated indicator, soil quality index was highest in the Pinus plantation (0.92) and lowest in the first and second generations of Eucalyptus plantations (0.24 and 0.13). Soil quality index in the third and fourth generations (0.36 and 0.38) was between that in Pinus plantation and in first and second generations of Eucalyptus plantations. Changing tree species, reclamation and fertilization may have contributed to the change observed in soil quality during conversion of Pinus to Eucalyptus and successive Eucalyptus planting. Litter retention, keeping understorey coverage, and reducing soil disturbance during logging and subsequent establishment of the next rotation should be considered to help improving soil quality.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Plantation Key"
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Ntshotsho, Phumza. "Carbon sequestration on the subtropical dunes of South Africa a comparison between native regenerating ecosystems and exotic plantations /." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-06132006-101405.
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Brockmeyer, Berit [Verfasser], and Kay-Christian [Akademischer Betreuer] Emeis. "Dissolved and colloidal organic matter in a tropical lagoon-estuary system surrounded by sugar cane plantations / Berit Brockmeyer. Betreuer: Kay-Christian Emeis." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2011. http://d-nb.info/102045718X/34.
Full textBooks on the topic "Plantation Key"
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Beecher, Stowe Harriet, and Mint Editions. Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin. West Margin Press, 2021.
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Beecher, Stowe Harriet, and Mint Editions. Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin. West Margin Press, 2021.
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Attiwill, PM, and MA Adams, eds. Nutrition of Eucalypts. CSIRO Publishing, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643105225.
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Most eucalypts grow naturally on soils low in fertility. Commercial plantations of eucalypts have been established around the world over a range of climates and soils. These two themes are central to this book.
 Nutrition of Eucalypts provides a comprehensive survey of nutritional ecology of eucalypts in their natural environment and in plantations.
 The authors, who are all at the forefront of research and development in their fields, are from the various eucalypt growing regions including Brazil, India, China, Spain and Australia. Their text aims at a state-of-the-art presentation.
 The book includes a key and descriptions for recognising nutrient deficiencies in eucalypts.
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Perry, Craig, David Eltis, Stanley L. Engerman, and David Richardson, eds. The Cambridge World History of Slavery. Cambridge University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781139024723.
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Medieval slavery has received little attention relative to slavery in ancient Greece and Rome and in the early modern Atlantic world. This imbalance in the scholarship has led many to assume that slavery was of minor importance in the Middle Ages. In fact, the practice of slavery continued unabated across the globe throughout the medieval millennium. This volume – the final volume in The Cambridge World History of Slavery – covers the period between the fall of Rome and the rise of the transatlantic plantation complexes by assembling twenty-three original essays, written by scholars acknowledged as leaders in their respective fields. The volume demonstrates the continual and central presence of slavery in societies worldwide between 500 CE and 1420 CE. The essays analyze key concepts in the history of slavery, including gender, trade, empire, state formation and diplomacy, labor, childhood, social status and mobility, cultural attitudes, spectrums of dependency and coercion, and life histories of enslaved people.
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Starr, S. Frederick, and Robert S. Brantley. Belle Maison: The Lombard Plantation House in New Orleans's Bywater. University Press of Mississippi, 2013.
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Belle Maison: The Lombard Plantation House in New Orleans's Bywater. University Press of Mississippi, 2013.
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Starr, S. Frederick, and Robert S. Brantley. Belle Maison: The Lombard Plantation House in New Orleans's Bywater. University Press of Mississippi, 2013.
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Starr, S. Frederick, and Robert S. Brantley. Belle Maison: The Lombard Plantation House in New Orleans's Bywater. University Press of Mississippi, 2013.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Plantation Key"
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Fujiwara, Takahiro, and Nariaki Onda. "Conflict of Legitimacy Over Tropical Forest Lands: Lessons for Collaboration from the Case of Industrial Tree Plantation in Indonesia." In Decision Science for Future Earth. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8632-3_5.
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AbstractIndustrial Tree Plantation (ITP) in Indonesia has been controversial due to its significant environmental, economic, and social impacts and the severe conflicts among stakeholders. Therefore, it is crucially important to discuss the fundamental structure of the conflicts to promote going forward. We introduce the concept of “legitimacy” and discuss the (1) inequality of the landholding structure and (2) legal pluralism established by historical circumstances as the fundamental structure of the conflicts. Our discussions present some key lessons in promoting collaboration among stakeholders. The first lesson is that the degree of interest and priority for problems differs among stakeholders. Therefore, an understanding of these differences is the first step toward collaboration. The second lesson is about the importance of considering history. Awareness of the problem, interpretation of the historical facts, and evaluation of other stakeholders by a certain stakeholder change over time. Therefore, to start a collaboration, it is necessary to build a consensus among stakeholders as a time point to go back to in order to discuss the problem. The third lesson is that a procedure for data presentation agreeable among stakeholders as independent, neutral, and fair is essential for their collaborations. Especially in cases where conflicts among stakeholders are intensive, it appears that confidence in and interpretation of presented data are different for each stakeholder. Therefore, data presentation agreeable to all stakeholders is essential to promote their collaborations. Unlike conventional scientific research, scientists are required to uphold various values existing in society to collaborate with stakeholders in transdisciplinary research of Future Earth.
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Nurhidayah, Laely, Rini Astuti, Herman Hidayat, and Robert Siburian. "Community-Based Fire Management and Peatland Restoration in Indonesia." In Environment & Policy. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15904-6_8.
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AbstractIndonesia suffers from recurrent land and forest fires due to anthropogenic disturbances, such as land clearing and peatland drainage for agricultural activities and expansion of large-scale plantation. The Indonesian government launched a restoration program in 2016 to restore degraded peatlands and prevent fires. Community Fire Brigades or Masyarakat Peduli Api (MPA) is the forefront actor in community-based fire management and plays a significant role in fire prevention and peatland restoration at the local level in Indonesia. This paper examines community’s perspectives and opinions on the role and challenges of community-based fire management and peatland restoration. The paper draws from case studies of six villages situated at two fire-prone provinces in Riau and Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. We employ the cohesive fire management strategy model as a lens to understand the challenges and effectiveness of a community-based fire management strategy in Indonesia. The cohesive fire management strategy focuses on three key areas: creating a resilient landscape, developing fire adaptive communities, and implementing a fire management strategy. We found that MPAs face diverse challenges that reduce their capacity to prevent and control forest and land fires. One of the most common challenges faced by the MPAs is the lack of financial support for routine operation and maintenance of peatland rewetting infrastructures. Meanwhile, at the broader community level, the absence of affordable no-burning technology for land clearing and the lack of reward and punishment system have hampered efforts to reduce fire incidents. We suggest that the Indonesian government prioritizes funding support for MPAs to ensure the effective operationalization of community-based fire management in fire-prone provinces. We also suggest the need for the private sector and NGOs to step in to address the gap in support for community-based fire management and peatland restoration.
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"Plantation Labour." In Key Concepts in Modern Indian Studies. New York University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479848690.003.0084.
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Martínez-Fernández, Luis. "Deceivingly Sweet." In Key to the New World. University Press of Florida, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9781683400325.003.0009.
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This chapter discusses the nature of the sugar plantation as a distinctive socio-economic system characterized by the sugar and slavery binomial. It also discusses slave and free black resistance to that system. The emergence of Cuba’s first sugar plantations, I argue, while transformative, did not turn the island upside down (or right side up), as was the case in islands such as Barbados. That said, Cuba’s early “sugar revolt” had the same kind of injurious repercussions of “sugar revolutions” throughout the region: the expansion of African slavery and manifold destructive, even evil, economic and social ramifications.
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Small, Stephen. "Conclusion." In In the Shadows of the Big House. University Press of Mississippi, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496845559.003.0006.
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This concluding chapter reflects on some of the key issues for Natchitoches. It covers how slavery and twenty-first-century antebellum slave cabins were presented in heritage tourism at Oakland Plantation, Magnolia Plantation Complex, and Melrose Plantation. The heritage sites are considered to be the physical and institutional embodiment of social forgetting and social remembering of the subordinated and exploited status of enslaved Black people. The chapter introduces the concept of a continuum of coerced accommodations that provides greater insights into the web of unequal relations between owners and the enslaved on the plantations. It details the tactics of evasion, erasure, and euphemism used to marginalize, neglect, or erase Black people.
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Aso, Michitake. "Maintaining Modernity." In Rubber and the Making of Vietnam. University of North Carolina Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469637150.003.0006.
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Rubber trees helped structure the violent transition from empire to nation-state during nearly thirty years of conflict on the Indochinese peninsula. Chapter 5 focuses on the struggle over plantations that took place in Vietnam and Cambodia between 1945 and 1954. During the First Indochina War, plantation environments served as a key military battleground. In the fighting that took place immediately after the end of World War II, many plantation workers, encouraged by the anticolonial Việt Minh, attacked the rubber trees as symbols of hated colonial-era abuse. Slogans placing the culpability of worker suffering on trees show how plantation workers often treated the trees themselves as enemies. Despite their colonial origins, plantation environments were important material and symbolic landscapes for those seeking to build postcolonial Vietnamese nations. French planters claimed to struggle heroically against nature, Vietnamese workers saw themselves as struggling against both nature and human exploitation, and anticolonial activists articulated struggles against imperial power structures. Industrial agriculture such as rubber was vital to nation-building projects, and by the early 1950s, Vietnamese planners began to envision a time when plantations would form a part of a national economy.
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"Ecosystem goods and services – the key for sustainable plantations." In Ecosystem Goods and Services from Plantation Forests. Routledge, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781849776417-16.
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Look, Cory. "Reconstructing a History of Plantation Spaces at Betty’s Hope." In An Archaeology and History of a Caribbean Sugar Plantation on Antigua. University Press of Florida, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9781683401285.003.0003.
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Arguments have been made that the decline in Antigua’s sugar production was a byproduct of poor land management practices, depletion of soils, and outdated agricultural techniques and technology. Recent work at Betty’s Hope suggests that not all plantations were susceptible to poor decision-making and that some plantations may have superseded social-ecological constraints despite the sugar industry’s inevitable decline. This chapter by Cory Look focuses on key aspects of land-use and landscape change at Betty’s Hope, particularly during the eighteenth century, when the plantation experienced rapid growth and economic prosperity. Look discusses the impact on enslaved Africans through examination of changes to slave quarter spaces and provisioning grounds by managers of local resources. The analysis was possible through remote sensing and multiple surveys conducted over ten field seasons.
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Dubois, Laurent, and Richard Lee Turits. "The Worlds of the Plantation." In Freedom Roots. University of North Carolina Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469653600.003.0003.
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By first retracing the long history of slavery in Europe, this chapter explores the rise of plantation slavery in the Caribbean as a key moment in global history. It shows how economic, cultural, and social forces converged in the creation of this new order based on racial slavery. It also emphasizes the complex contradictions of plantation society, notably through an exploration of the plantation gardens and provision grounds that enslaved people cultivated and sought to turn to their own ends, and which lay the foundation for agricultural autonomy in the post-emancipation period.
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Aso, Michitake. "Cultivating Science." In Rubber and the Making of Vietnam. University of North Carolina Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469637150.003.0003.
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Plantation regimes encouraged knowledge production about plant and disease ecologies and the relationship among organisms and their environments more generally. More detailed knowledge about newly introduced plant species, plant and human diseases, and their shared environments was a key ingredient of better, more profitable management of rubber plantations. Chapter 2 explores the process by which agronomy came to support the burgeoning rubber industry after rubber arrived in Indochina in 1897. The French colonial government was not the first to encourage agricultural improvement on the Indochinese peninsula, but the qualitative and quantitative investment that it made in these projects set it apart from previous states. Encouraged by the success of their British and Dutch neighbors, French planters envisioned turning biologically and culturally diverse landscapes into neat rows of hevea. Plantation agriculture also played an important role in defining the political and intellectual scope of the science of ecology in Indochina, encouraging agronomists to direct their energies toward transnational businesses and the colonial project. The process of integrating the efforts of scientists, officials, and planters was not always smooth, however, and this chapter highlights the conflicts and tensions generated by a political economy of plantation agriculture.
Conference papers on the topic "Plantation Key"
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Rodrigo-Comino, Jesús, Enric Terol, and Artemi Cerdà. "IMPROVED STOCK UNEARTHING METHOD (ISUM) ALLOW TO ASSESS SOIL EROSION PROCESSES IN GRAFTED PLANTS USING IN SITU TOPOGRAPHICAL MEASUREMENTS." In 3rd Congress in Geomatics Engineering. Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/cigeo2021.2021.13256.
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Policymakers, stakeholders and rural inhabitants must be aware of the relevance of soil erosion as an irreversible landdegradation process. This is key to achieve the land degradation neutrality challenge and the sustainability of humankindand natural ecosystems. Agricultural areas are being affected by soil erosion threatening soil quality and, subsequently,food security. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new techniques and methods visually friendly and easy to be accessedto survey and assess the soil erosion concerns. ISUM (Improve Stock Unearthing Method) is a well-contrasted procedureto estimate and map soil mobilisation and erosion rates. To achieve this goal, using the plant graft union as a biomarkerconducting in situ topographical measurements along perpendicular transects allow us to i) explain key factors related tothe activation of soil erosion processes such as tillage, the age of plantation, parent material or hillslope positions; ii)complete other well-contrasted methods such as RUSLE (Revised Soil Loss Equation), IC (Index of connectivity) orStructure from Motion; and, iii) identify hotspot areas affected by soil depletion, accumulation or mobilisation. In thisconference, we will show how we developed a new improvement of this method in different crops (vineyards, citrus,persimmons or almonds), under different environmental conditions (parent material, vine ages, soil management, or slopeangle) with diverse geomatic procedures (interpolation methods and geostatistical analysis, topographical measurementsand models) using GIS techniques.
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Syed Hilmi, Syed Mohd Hadi, and Nurul Hayati Ibrahim. "Sustainability and oil palm practices." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/pyug9768.
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Palm oil is an extremely versatile oil that has many different properties and functions that makes it so useful and widely used. It is an incredibly efficient crop that produces more oil per land area than any other equivalent vegetable oil crop. Globally, palm oil supplies 40% of the world's vegetable oil demand on just under 6% of the land used to produce all vegetable oils (WWF). The production of certified sustainable palm oil (CSPO) and palm kernel (CSPK) has gain traction since 2008 and goes well with the demand of a more sustainable palm oil products. Nevertheless, oil palm is also subjected to being the cause of deforestation, destroying habitats of already endangered species and often with attendant labour and human rights abuses. These issues are generally grouped under 5 key areas namely land, emissions, exploitation, traceability, and food integrity. Sime Darby Plantation (SDP) is committed to address these issues and our commitments are aligned with the directives from various global sustainable palm oil agencies. SDP has also focused on R&D via GenomeSelectTM, Quality Management, Mechanisation and enhanced CPO quality as means to mitigate issues involving Sustainability.
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Hernandez Barbosa, Jeyson Andres, Sebastian Roa Prada, Dario J. Hernandez Bolivar, Brajan Nicolas Ruiz Romero, and Oscar E. Rueda. "Motion Capture of the Selective Hand Picking Movements As the Basis for the Design of Mechanically Assisted Picking Tools in Coffee Plantations in Colombia." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-88428.
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Besides oil, coffee is one of the most traded commodities worldwide. Colombia is known as the producer of the highest quality coffee in the world, thanks to its smooth taste and aroma. One of the key elements that are responsible for the quality of Colombian coffee is its harvesting method, in which it is enforced that only mature fruits are harvested. Given the terrain conditions in which coffee trees grow, the preferred harvesting method in Colombia is selective hand picking, in which each coffee grain is individually teared off from the branch that is attached to. This work focuses on the analysis of the motion of a human hand performing the action of manual selective coffee harvesting. The analysis is based on the data collected from a custom made motion capture system, which consists of a glove capable of sensing the angular movement of the joints, and accelerations at the tip of the fingers, by means of a set of flex sensors and accelerometers, respectively. The methods followed in this investigation include the study of the biomechanics of the hand, as applied to the motion of hand picking of coffee, which proved to be fundamental for the analysis of the experimentally measured data. After processing the experimental data, the patterns of movement done by a human coffee harvester can be simulated and replicated, which allows identifying trajectories that a good harvester follows, as compared to other harvesters, which collect smaller amounts of grains during the same period of time. After having parameterized the motion of efficient selective hand picking, the results from this investigation serve as the basis for the design and optimization of an electromechanical tool to assist in the process of coffee harvesting, which minimizes the amount of green beans removed from the branches of the coffee trees.
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Мальков, Ю. Г. "SPECIES DIVERSITY OF NONGAME ORNITHOLOGICAL FAUNA IN FOREST BIOTOPES OF MARI EL REPUBLIC AS A KEY TO SUSTAINABILITY OF FOREST ECOSYSTEMS." In Лесные экосистемы в условиях изменения климата: биологическая продуктивность и дистанционный мониторинг. Crossref, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.25686/8047.2019.5.58817.
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На основании орнитологических учетов сделана попытка оценки видового состава и плотности орнитофауны, не отнесенной к объектам охоты, в основных лесных биотопах Республики Марий Эл, распределения видового состава в зависимости от структуры лесного биотопа, формирующего кормовые, защитные и гнездопригодные условия. Определены видовой состав и плотность населения птиц в таких биотопах, как чистые хвойные, смешанные хвойно-лиственные насаждения разного возраста, околоводные и полевые биотопы. В процентном отношении наибольшую долю от общего числа учтенных видов занимают представители семейства Славковые (Sylvidae), далее идут представители семейства Дроздовые (Turdinae) и Трясогузковые (Motacillidae). Установлено, что видовой состав орнитофауны лесных, околоводных биотопов и прилегающих к ним территорий весьма различен и в основном сосредоточен в опушечной части лесных биотопов, сложных по своей структуре, чаще смешанного состава с наличием подлеска, высокой или средней вертикальной и горизонтальной сомкнутостью и чередующихся с участками открытых пространств (полянами). Одним из определяющих факторов является густота подлеска. В таких условиях отмечены наибольшее видовое разнообразие и высокая плотность орнитофауны. Сравнение индексов биоразнообразия в различных биотопах не показывает четко выраженных тенденций изменения видового разнообразия орнитофауны, однако в пределах более или менее однородных лесных биотопов показатели относительно сравнимы между собой. С увеличением числа видов в биотопах максимальные значения индексов Шеннона и Симпсона увеличиваются. Учтенные виды орнитофауны при установленной их плотности можно уверенно отнести к наиболее типичным и многочисленным для условий лесных районов республики. Единичные представители отдельных семейств, установленные в ходе натурных исследований, целесообразно отнести к редким и малочисленным, следовательно, необходимо определить меры по их сохранению, включая охрану среды их обитания. The paper assesses the species composition and density of nongame ornithological fauna in basic forest biotopes of Mari El Republic. The research is based on ornithological survey data, and analyses the species distribution depending on the structure of forest biotope providing food, protection and nesting. The author determines the species composition and population density of birds in pure coniferous, mixed coniferous-deciduous plantations of different age, wetland and field biotopes. The largest percentage share of the total number of recorded species is represented by the Sylviidae family, followed by representatives of the Turdinae and Motacillidae families. It has been established that the species composition of ornithological fauna in forest and wetland biotopes and adjacent territories is quite diverse and primarily centers at the edge of forest biotopes, characterized by complex structure, mixed composition with coppice, alternating high or medium vertical and horizontal canopy density and open spaces (forest glades). Canopy density is one of the determining factors in this respect. In such conditions the species diversity and ornithological fauna has 64 been recorded with the highest values. The comparison of biodiversity indices in different biotopes does not reveal clear trends of the changes in ornithofauna species diversity, but within more or less homogeneous forest biotopes, the indicators are relatively comparable. With the increase in the number of species in biotopes, the maximum values of Shannon and Simpson indices also demonstrate growth. The registered species of ornithofauna can be confidently attributed to the most typical and numerous species found in the forest areas of the Republic provided their density is known. It is recommended that individual representatives of individual families, encountered in field studies should be referred to as rare and insignificant in number. Therefore, it is necessary to indicate actions for their conservation and protection of their habitat.
Reports on the topic "Plantation Key"
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Luukkanen, Olavi, and Mark Appiah. Good practices for smallholder teak plantations: keys to success. World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp13246.pdf.
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Local Demonstration Projects on Climate Change Adaptation: Final report of the first batch project in Lao PDR. Mekong River Commission Secretariat, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.52107/mrc.ajgf3p.
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This report presents key activities and results of the first batch local demonstration project on climate change in Lao PDR. The project addressed a variety of adaptation options, including irrigation extension, flood-tolerant rice plantations, etc., in three villages of Champhone District: Kengkok Neua, Nakathang and Taleo.