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1
Degnet, Mohammed B., Edwin van der Werf, Verina Ingram, and Justus H. H. Wesseler. "Do Locals Have a Say? Community Experiences of Participation in Governing Forest Plantations in Tanzania." Forests 11, no. 7 (July 20, 2020): 782. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11070782.
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As large-scale forest plantations expand in developing countries, concerns are rising about their relation to and integration with adjacent local communities. In developing countries with weak enforcement of property rights, private plantations are more likely than state-owned plantations to involve villagers in plantation’s activities in order to secure and guarantee their access to land and labor resources. Certification standards of the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) and adherence to responsible investment guidelines further strengthen this likelihood by requiring plantations to consult and engage local communities. Using household data from Tanzania, we assess households’ experiences with their participation in plantation activities by comparing the experiences of households in villages adjacent to private, FSC-certified plantations with those of households in villages adjacent to a non-certified, state-owned plantation. Our quantitative analyses show that households in the villages adjacent to the private, certified plantations are more likely to report to participate in plantation activities. Our results show that the certified plantations are more likely to respond to community complaints and grievances. We further find that male-headed households and households of plantation employees are more likely than female-headed households and households without plantation employees to participate in plantations’ activities. Our results imply that forest management certification can complement state policy approaches of sustainable forest management to enhance community participation in forest management.
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Li, Xiu Di, and Jun Xi Cao. "Low-Carbon Intercropping Management: Effects on Ground-Wandering Spiders in Tea Plantations." Advanced Materials Research 1010-1012 (August 2014): 685–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1010-1012.685.
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The responses of ground-wandering spider communities were examined in terms of species composition, population structure and population diversity in subtropical, hill-country tea plantations subjected to two contrasting systems of agricultural management. Samples were collected between June 2010 and May 2011 from tea plantations using either low-carbon intercropping management (plantation JZ) or routine management (plantation CK), using both clapping and trapping methods of sample collection. The results showed that the composition of the spider community in plantation JZ was significantly richer, on the basis of several quantitative measures, than in plantation CK (P <0.001), with 3.17 times, 1.68 times and 1.40 times the numbers of female, male and immature spiders present, respectively. In addition, in plantation JZ, in which four species of spider were predominant, the diversity index and richness index were increased, respectively, by 15.09% and 9.85%. Principal components analysis (PCA) showed that the management regime of plantation JZ was significantly reflected in the distributions of Houa jiafui, Pardosa pusiola and Venonia spirocysta, whereas that of plantation CK was reflected in the distribution of Zelotes asiaticus. Therefore, in a low-carbon management regime a rich diversity of plant species is conducive both to the reduction of CO2 emissions and to the protection of species diversity in ground-wandering spiders.
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Qibtiyah, Mariatul. "Dampak UU No. 18 Tahun 2004 Tentang Perkebunan Terhadap Perubahan Sosial-Budaya Masyarakat (Studi Atas Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit dengan Pola Perkebunan Inti Rakyat di Sumatera Selatan)." Jurnal Studi Sosial dan Politik 1, no. 2 (December 30, 2017): 111–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.19109/jssp.v1i2.4037.
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The plantation has a great potential in contributing to the economy in Indonesia. So, the government makes a policy in the form of laws No. 18 in 2004 about The Plantations. The ACT of Plantation regulates about the management of the Plantation and a clear legal protection through The Core of People's Plantations (Perkebunan Inti Rakyat/PIR). But the presence of The Plantation ACT is questioned its allignment. The Core of People's Plantations System which has been set up in the ACT of any impact on social change community around the plantations, such as indigenous land that changes into a plantation area, changes in social status, community life, patterns of change value systems in society, and so on.
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Chen, Bangqian, Xiangming Xiao, Zhixiang Wu, Tin Yun, Weili Kou, Huichun Ye, Qinghuo Lin, et al. "Identifying Establishment Year and Pre-Conversion Land Cover of Rubber Plantations on Hainan Island, China Using Landsat Data during 1987–2015." Remote Sensing 10, no. 8 (August 7, 2018): 1240. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10081240.
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Knowing the stand age of rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) plantations is vitally important for best management practices, estimations of rubber latex yields, and carbon cycle studies (e.g., biomass, carbon pools, and fluxes). However, the stand age (as estimated from the establishment year of rubber plantation) is not available across large regions. In this study, we analyzed Landsat time series images from 1987–2015 and developed algorithms to identify (1) the establishment year of rubber plantations; and (2) the pre-conversion land cover types, such as old rubber plantations, evergreen forests, and cropland. Exposed soil during plantation establishment and linear increases in canopy closure during non-production periods (rubber seedling to mature plantation) were used to identify the establishment year of rubber plantations. Based on the rubber plantation map for 2015 (overall accuracy = 97%), and 1981 Landsat images since 1987, we mapped the establishment year of rubber plantations on Hainan Island (R2 = 0.85/0.99, and RMSE = 2.34/0.54 years at pixel/plantation scale). The results show that: (1) significant conversion of croplands and old rubber plantations to new rubber plantations has occurred substantially in the northwest and northern regions of Hainan Island since 2000, while old rubber plantations were mainly distributed in the southeastern inland strip; (2) the pattern of rubber plantation expansion since 1987 consisted of fragmented plantations from smallholders, and there was no tendency to expand towards a higher altitude and steep slope regions; (3) the largest land source for new rubber plantations since 1988 was old rubber plantations (1.26 × 105 ha), followed by cropland (0.95 × 105 ha), and evergreen forests (0.68 × 105 ha). The resultant algorithms and maps of establishment year and pre-conversion land cover types are likely to be useful in plantation management, and ecological assessments of rubber plantation expansion in China.
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Tawakkal, Muhammad Iqbal, Damayanti Buchori, Akhmad Rizali, Adha Sari, and Pudjianto Pudjianto. "Parasitoid Diversity and Host-Parasitoid Interaction in Oil Palm Plantations with Different Management System." Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia 23, no. 1 (July 3, 2019): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jpti.31232.
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Parasitoids play an important role in controlling pests, including pests of oil palm. To maximize biological control technique using parasitoids, interactions between pests and parasitoids need to be studied. This research aimed to study parasitoid diversity and host-parasitoid interaction in oil palm plantation with the different management system. The field research was conducted in oil palm plantation own by smallholder and company (PT Humusindo) in Jambi. Sampling insects was conducted by collecting pests (parasitoid host) on oil palm trees with age of four years old. Eggs, larvae, and pupae of the pests were taken directly by hand then reared in the laboratory to know their parasitoids. Pests and parasitoids emerged were identified up to morphospecies or species level. A total of 176 lepidopteran pests consisting of 15 morphospecies and 6 families, and 650 parasitoids consisting of 21 morphospecies and 12 families have been collected. Nine morphospecies of pests from 25 individuals were found in smallholder plantation and 14 morphospecies of pests from 151 individuals in company plantation. Eight morphospecies of 26 parasitoids were found in smallholder plantations and 8 morphospecies of 624 parasitoids in the company plantation. The interaction structure between pests and parasitoids is more complex in the company plantation than in smallholder plantations. Family Braconidae and Ichneumonidae are the most parasitoids found and associated with nettle caterpillars. The different of the management system of oil palm plantation did not affect the diversity and abundance of pests as well as their parasitoids in oil palm plantations.
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Szalay, Dóra, Szabolcs Kertész, and Andrea Vágvölgyi. "Changes in the legal and support background of woody energy plantations." Analecta Technica Szegedinensia 13, no. 1 (June 25, 2019): 72–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/analecta.2019.1.72-81.
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Current forestry laws and regulations are not applicable to woody energy plantations. The cultivation technology used in these plantations differs from ones used in conventional forest management; thereby, specific legislation to regulate cultivation in woody energy plantations is required. Hungary passed its first regulations for woody energy plantations in 2007. The legislation addressed permitting, range of plantable species, planting procedures, cultivation, and plantation harvesting. The legislation overregulated coppice technology and only targeted roundwood energy plantation. The legislation does not mandate forest site surveys and its related expert opinions despite their importance in plantation establishment, particularly regarding tree species selection. The latest legislation, which improves earlier deficiencies and prescribes planting-execution plans for all plantations, came into effect 2017. Another important change is the industrial purpose categorization of woody plantations, which appeared beside coppice and roundwood energy plantations. In addition to raw material production, this type of plantation also increases the carbon sequestration of agriculture. The availability of financial resources heavily influenced plantation area size and planting intensity over the years. Investigating plantation tendencies provides an opportunity to identify forms of support that play an important role in creating the conditions for rational land use. Our research presents the effects these changes in legislation and financial support have had on energy plantations.
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Curry, GN. "The Influence of Proximity of Plantation Edge on Diversity and Abundance of bird species in an exotic pine plantation in north-eastern New South Wales." Wildlife Research 18, no. 3 (1991): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9910299.
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Data were collected in summer and winter in a 15-year-old plantation of Pinus taeda, at Clouds Creek, north-eastern New South Wales. In summer, diversity and abundance of bird species declined over a distance of 900 m into the plantation. However, in winter this progressive decline in bird densities was limited to within the first 200 m of the plantation periphery. At greater distances into the plantation, the floristic and structural characteristics of the vegetation (including windrows) were of more importance than the proximity of the plantation edge in accounting for variations in the abundance and diversity of birds. Food for insectivorous birds (the dominant feeding guild) is probably restricted in the plantation because few local species of invertebrates are likely to be adapted to living on exotic pines; invertebrate mobility as well as abundance is probably less in winter, so that fewer invertebrates enter the plantation from adjacent native forest. Windrows are an important habitat feature contributing to the diversity and abundance of birds within plantations, probably serving as 'corridors' through the alien habitat of exotic pines, thus enabling birds to range further into plantations. For approximately 40 per cent of the plantation life cycle, the influence of proximity of plantation edge on diversity and abundance of bird species is probably of limited importance, particularly in winter. Reducing plantation size in order to increase the diversity and abundance of bird species is not realistic, because plantations would have to be very small. Instead, emphasis should be placed on increasing the structural and floristic diversity of plantations by creating a broad range of successional stages throughout the plantation complex, by enhancing the habitat value of windrows, and by retaining native vegetation within and near plantations.
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Sandy, Laura, and Gervase Phillips. "“Known To Be Equal to the Management”." Journal of Global Slavery 6, no. 1 (January 29, 2021): 156–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2405836x-00601006.
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Abstract Enslaved overseers have largely been neglected in the extant historiography of plantation slavery. At best they have been pushed to the margins of the literature, their numbers and their significance downplayed. Yet, as large plantations diversified over the latter years of the eighteenth century, and as relations between established planters and independently minded and aspirational white overseers became prone to mistrust and friction, many prominent modernizing planters, including both Washington and Jefferson, began to experiment with unfree managers. They often proved to be skilled, dependable and, even under the pressure of the Revolutionary War, resilient. Yet their presence raised serious questions within plantation society too; they challenged white racial hegemony, and their ‘loyalty’ was a conditional and contingent quality. They occupy a unique place in the story of plantation management, one that challenges orthodox conceptions of race and power in the slave South.
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Mardiana, Siti, Retna Astuti Kuswardani, and Muhammad Usman. "Management Policy for Organic Waste from Plantation and Plantation Production Factory in North Sumatra." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCE AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION 3, no. 5 (2017): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/ijmsba.1849-5664-5419.2014.35.1002.
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Policy on the management of the living environment in Indonesia changed with the promulgation of Act No. 32 in 2009 on the protection and management of the environment. While Act No. 18 in 2008 specifies the policy on waste and trash management. In accordance with the concept of environmental ethics the application of environmental ethics in North Sumatra is vital to develop good waste management (Keraf, 2012). The concept of environmental ethics reviews human, nature and environmental relationship between people with the natural environment (Keraf, 2004). The purposes of this writing are: (1) to enhance the moral responsibility of society in accordance with environmental ethics on plantation waste management in North Sumatra Province, (2) to enhance the role of community participation in safeguarding the environment by means of management of organic waste from plantation, and (3) to increases the potential and opportunities of managing organic wastes from plantation into valuable products that can benefit the community. The research method adopted is a descriptive analytic method. Thus, the survey was conducted to the plantation communities in North Sumatra. From the results of the analysis, it is found that some estates have been processing organic wastes into alternative Energy, biogas, feed cattle, buildings, raw materials and ingredients for compost. However, the local community has yet to feel the benefit from this progress, while there are still many estates that have not done much in terms of waste management. It decreases the aesthetic and contribution to environmental pollution around the area. Only a very small number of the community members (0.35%) have conducted sustainable waste management, which in fact has a high economic value (90%). Some recommendations for plantation waste management policy in North Sumatra are: (1) the role and support of the community and the Government in the management of organic wastes in accordance with moral responsibility in safeguarding the environment refers to the ethical environment that supports sustainable development (2) waste management of plantations should consider the participation of the local community, as well as the socio- economic condition of the local, traditional people, and (3) unlock the potential and the opportunities of the management and utilization of plantation and agriculture waste into renewable energy.
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Yosada, Kardius Richi. "MODEL DAN STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN BERBASIS KOMODITI UNGGULAN MASYARAKAT ENTIKONG KALIMANTAN BARAT PERBATASAN INDONESIA-MALAYSIA." JURKAMI : Jurnal Pendidikan Ekonomi 6, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 74–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.31932/jpe.v6i1.1064.
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The vast area of border between Indonesia and Malaysia in West Kalimantan would require the support of border management systems are organized and professional, both at the central and regional levels. However, the lack of infrastructure in the border area has shown that the government does not have a good border management system. During this time, the responsibility for the management of border areas is merely coordinative between ministerial and non-ministerial government agencies, without a government agency directly responsible for border management from the central to regional levels. The approach used in this research is qualitative phenomenology with Existing Models. The form of Phenomeology Research used in this study has 4 steps, namely analyzing the phenomena that occur, determining the context, collecting data and field notes. The results of this study are the formation of the development and development of smallholder plantations in the form of Model for developing smallholder plantations in Entikong District can be divided into four types based on commodities, namely: 1) Pure Plantation Areas, Mixed Plantation Areas , Multipurpose Plantation Areas, Integrated Plantation Areas
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ANBARASHAN, M., A. PADMAVATHY, and R. ALEXANDAR. "Short Communication: Survival and growth of mono and mixed species plantations on the Coromandel coast of India." Asian Journal of Forestry 1, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 70–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/asianjfor/r010203.
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Anbarashan M, Padmavathy A, Alexandar R. 2017. Short Communication: Survival and growth of mono and mixed species plantations on the Coromandel coast of India. Asian J For 1: 70-76. There exists very little information on the growth of autochthonous tree species autochthonousin the tropics and on the experiences in conducting mono and mixed species plantations. The aim of this study was to compare the variation in growth parameter between the mixed species plantation and mono species plantation. The growth, survival, and height of 82 autochthonous mixed species plantations were compared with Casuarina equisetifolia, an exotic species broadly planted in this region after over a decade (2006 to 2016). In the mixed species plantation, seven species showed 100 % survival rate and 19 species were not survived after 10-year intervals. In the mono species plantation, Casuarina equisetifolia had 92 % of the survival rate. When it is compared to the mono plantation, the growth rate of mixed species plantation showed highly significant differences (P < 0: 05) values. Simple linear regression between annual girth increment and height produced very strong positive relations (R2 0.759). Plantations of Casuarina equisetifolia seem to be well adapted to the coastal region. On the other hand, mixed plantation with autochthonous species would contribute more to sustainable management because they provide a greater range of ecological goods and ecosystem services than the single species plantations.
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de Naurois, Marie, and Joseph Buongiorno. "Economic of Red Pine Plantation Management in Wisconsin." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 3, no. 3 (September 1, 1986): 118–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/3.3.118.
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Abstract It is more economical to manage red pine plantations in Wisconsin for pulpwood and sawlog combined rather than for pulpwood only, even on low quality sites. The most important factor influencing the economics of a plantation is land quality. On lands of site index 45 new plantations are unlikely to be economical, regardless of management regime. Lands of site index 60 to 75 have real rates of return of 4 to 5.5% per year and soil expectation values of $125 to $350 per acre at 3% interest. Planting densities of 8 by 8 ft followed by heavy thinnings at long intervals and short rotations are best, but rotations may be increased considerably with only small effects on the economics of the plantations. North. J. Appl. For. 3:118-123, Sept. 1986.
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Roberts, Mark R. "Effects of forest plantation management on herbaceous-layer composition and diversity." Canadian Journal of Botany 80, no. 4 (April 1, 2002): 378–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b02-023.
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I compared the species composition and diversity of vascular plants in the herbaceous layer from a chronosequence of intensively managed spruce (Picea) plantations in three age-classes (57, 1012, 1416 years) with natural, mature stands (ca. 90 years) in southeastern New Brunswick, Canada. Total species richness (stand level) averaged 8184 species in the three plantation age-classes compared with 64 species in the natural stands; richness of forest habitat species alone was 3336 in the plantations and 37 in the natural stands. More fertile sites had significantly higher values for Hill's diversity indices (N0, N1, N2). Mean N0, N1, and N2 (subplot level) did not differ among stand types for all species, but N1 and N2 were significantly greater in the natural stands than in one or two plantation age-classes for forest habitat species alone. The two younger age-classes of plantations differed significantly in composition from the natural stands and the plantations became slightly more similar (Sørensen's index) to the natural stands with increasing age. One forest habitat species was lost and 24 others decreased in cover in the plantations. Tracking of plantations over a longer time period will be needed to determine whether these forest habitat species eventually regain their former abundance.Key words: chronosequence, forest harvesting, herbaceous layer, plantations, species diversity, species composition.
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RATNASING, Jegatheswaran, Hazirah A. LATIB, Neelakandan PARAMJOTHY, Lim C. LIAT, Mathivanan NADARAJAH, and Florin IORAS. "Plantation forestry in Malaysia: an evaluation of its successes and failures since the 1970." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 48, no. 4 (December 22, 2020): 1789–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha48412167.
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With reducing supply of logs from the sustainably managed natural forest to meet the processing demand of the large wood products industry in Malaysia, plantation forestry has been gaining importance since the early 1970s. Despite the government’s efforts through the provision of financial support and incentives, investments in plantation forestry has been slow. The promising start of the large-scale forest plantation programs in the early 1970s, followed by the 1980s and then the latest program in early 2000, appear to have been a mixed bag of failures and limited success. The rather below-par performance of the forest plantations has been attributed to several factors, such as insufficient good planting stock, poor species-site matching, poor soil quality, pest and diseases and the overall poor silvicultural and management regime laid out for forest plantations. Further, plantation forestry appears to be dominated by larger companies, while small and medium companies, have limited financial resources to overcome the prevailing challenges faced. Despite the poor performance until to date, the adoption of intensive research based silvicultural and management regime for the plantation forests, which are maturing in the next years, will hopefully produce better results and serve as the sunrise for plantation forestry in Malaysia.
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Asare, A., W. A. Asante, N. Owusu-Prempeh, E. Opuni Frimpong, and D. Adusu. "Comparative Analysis of Understorey Floristic Diversity and Carbon Stocks in Poorly and Intensively Managed Tectona grandis Plantations." International Journal of Forestry Research 2020 (September 1, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8868824.
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The role of forest plantations in carbon sequestration and biodiversity conservation is a topical issue among researchers and policymakers globally. This study compares understorey floristic diversity and carbon stock of a 15-year-old monoculture Tectona grandis plantation under intensive and poor management in a dry semideciduous ecological zone of Ghana. The study employed a nested plot design with twelve (12) 50 m × 50 m plots laid at 50 m intervals along a diagonal line transect on both study sites for the sampling of Tectona grandis trees. Understorey trees, shrubs, and climbers were sampled within 10 m × 10 m subplot, whilst grasses and herbs were sampled within 1 m × 1 m quadrats. The study revealed a significantly higher understorey species diversity in the intensively managed plantation (Shannon index; species richness) compared with that of the poorly managed plantation. Similarly, total biomass (189.80 ± 1.846 Mg/ha) and carbon stock (94.90 ± 0.92 Mg C/ha) in the intensively managed plantation were observed to be significantly higher than the poorly managed plantation (biomass: 138.54 ± 3.70 Mg/ha; carbon stock: 64.27 ± 1.85 Mg C/ha), whiles the species composition between the two sites was different (Sorenson’s similarity index: 0.47). The study, therefore, concludes that silvicultural forest management interventions improve the understorey floristic diversity and carbon stock in monoculture plantations. Consequently, the study recommends the adoption of silvicultural interventions in plantation management in Ghana to improve their contributions to carbon sequestration and floristic diversity conservation.
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Huang, Chengpeng, Yongchun Li, Jiasen Wu, Zhangting Huang, Scott X. Chang, and Peikun Jiang. "Intensive Management Increases Phytolith-Occluded Carbon Sequestration in Moso Bamboo Plantations in Subtropical China." Forests 10, no. 10 (October 7, 2019): 883. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10100883.
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Plantation management practices could markedly change the sequestration of phytolith-occluded carbon (PhytOC) in plants and soils. However, for Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) plantations, the effect of intensive plantation management (including fertilization, tillage, and removal of understory vegetation) on the accretion rate of PhytOC in the soil-plant system is much less understood than extensive management (without fertilization, tillage, and removal of understory vegetation). The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of intensive and extensive management practices on the production, accumulation, and runoff of PhytOC and their distribution in physical fractions in Moso bamboo plantations. Our results showed that intensive management (1) increased PhytOC production mainly due to increased forest productivity; (2) increased PhytOC storage in the heavy fraction but decreased its storage in the light fraction of organic matter, resulting in the lack of effect on soil PhytOC storage; (3) increased the rate of dissolution of phytolith and the loss of PhytOC in runoff; and (4) promoted PhytOC sequestration in the soil-plant system, mostly in the plants, due to the greater rate of PhytOC production than the rate of loss. We conclude that intensive bamboo plantation management practices are beneficial to increasing long-term PhytOC sequestration in the soil-plant system.
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Hendrickson, O. Q., and J. Richardson. "Nested forest nutrient cycles: implications for plantation management." Forestry Chronicle 69, no. 6 (December 1, 1993): 694–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc69694-6.
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Natural forests may be viewed as containing nested nutrient cycles: an "external" cycle mediated by atmospheric processes, a "soil" cycle of litter production and decay, and one or more "plant" cycles involving retranslocation and internal storage pools. The goal of plantation forest management should be to enhance all of these cycles. Stimulating the "external" cycle by adding fertilizer nutrients is likely to increase "soil" and "plant" cycling rates as well. A basic understanding of how these nested cycles are linked can improve the management of nutrients in forest plantations.
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McCoy, Elizabeth. "Rethinking Florida's State Parks: Strategies for Surviving in the "New Normal" Economy." Practicing Anthropology 34, no. 3 (June 29, 2012): 40–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.34.3.cp277n14264l3041.
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The Florida Park Service manages the sites of fifteen plantations in the area once known as East Florida, including the United States-Territorial-Period sugar plantation known as Bulow Plantation. The plantation is now located within the Bulow Plantation Ruins Historic State Park, located in Flagler County approximately two miles north of the Volusia County line and two miles from the Atlantic Coast. Current interpretations at the park are limited in scope, visitation is considered to be relatively low, and the mill structure and associated buildings pose a variety of management issues. The development of solutions for the Bulow Plantation Ruins Historic State Park will be applicable not only to other plantation sites managed by the Florida Park Service, but any state park in Florida and to site managers beyond Florida's boundaries.
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Bertomeu, Mercedes, Luis Diaz-Balteiro, and Juan Carlos Giménez. "Forest management optimization in Eucalyptus plantations: a goal programming approach." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 39, no. 2 (February 2009): 356–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x08-173.
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In Galicia (Spain), many Eucalyptus plantations are managed using the area-control method. The ultimate goal is to guarantee an even flow of wood in perpetuity by reaching the normal age-class distribution of the fully regulated forest by the end of a given planning horizon. However, given that the productivity of coppice stands differs throughout the successive rotation intervals, the application of this method triggers excessive fragmentation of the forest area. We present a model with the same long-term goal that does not force plantations into any given final age-class distribution. The model permits the plantations to reach a final structure with fewer harvest units of larger average size. To illustrate this approach, we developed two models and applied them to a case study. The first model used the principle of area control to achieve the fully regulated structure in each site and rotation interval of one full plantation cycle. The second model guaranteed a constant yield beyond the planning horizon without imposing any specific final age distribution on the plantation area. Both models considered objectives such as a constant yield during the planning horizon and the net present value of harvests.
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He, Yuanhao, Xiaojun Deng, and Feng Che. "Genetic diversity and community structure of soil bacteria in Chinese fir plantations." Soil and Water Research 14, No. 1 (January 23, 2019): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/10/2018-swr.
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To explore the diversity of soil bacteria and changes in the bacterial community structure of Chinese fir plantations of different generations and developmental stages, the genetic diversity of soil bacteria was studied using the 454 sequencing technology. The results showed that the bacterial genetic diversity and community structure of Chinese fir plantation plots under monoculture planting and rotation planting practices were as follows: the Shannon diversity indices of first-generation young plantation of Chinese fir plantations (FYC), second-generation young plantation (SYC), and third-generation young plantation (TYC) initially decreased and then increased to 8.45, 8.1, and 8.43, respectively. Due to different management and tending measures, the phyla showing considerable differences in relative abundance were Cyanobacteria, Nitrospirae, Fibrobacteres, Thermotogae, and Planctomycetes. The bacterial genetic diversity and community structure of Chinese fir plantations at different developmental stages were as follows: the bacterial diversity and the number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) decreased with increasing forest age; with the increasing forest age of Chinese fir, the bacteria with considerable differences in the relative abundance were Burkholderiales, Xanthomonadales, Ktedonobacteria, Nitrosomonadales, Anaerolineae, and Holophagae. The predominant bacteria of the Chinese fir plantations were Acidothermus, Bradyrhizobium, Lactococcus, Planctomyces, Sorangium, and Bryobacter.
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Schlesinger, Richard C., and Jerome W. Van Sambeek. "Ground Cover Management Can Revitalize Black Walnut Trees." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 3, no. 2 (June 1, 1986): 49–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/3.2.49.
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Abstract Many black walnut plantations have been successfully established in recent years, but not all have continued to grow well after establishment. In one 10-year-old plantation in southern Illinois, elimination of the fescue sod understory by annual cultivation for 5 years produced trees that were 69% larger in diameter at age 15 than those in untreated areas. In a second plantation, 17 years old at the time of treatment, elimination of the fescue by either cultivation or the establishment of hairy vetch resulted in a 250% increase in diameter growth over the next 3 years. For many slow-growing black walnut plantings, some form of understory vegetation management will be required to meet the goals of short-rotation forestry. North. J. Appl. For. 3:49-51, June 1986.
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Alom, S., R. Das, U. Baruah, S. Das, and R. P. Bhuyan. "Carbon sequestration potential under tea based cropping system." Journal of Environmental Biology 42, no. 3 (May 4, 2021): 687–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.22438/jeb/42/3/mrn-1498.
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Aim: To study the carbon sequestration process in tea based plantation system and to identify more potential carbon sequestration system amongst the tea based cropping system by studying carbon storage in different components of the plantation system. Methodology: The experiment was carried out in the Experimental Garden for Plantation Crops of Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam. Treatments were made in an on going, long term shade experiment on mature tea bushes, adapted to three levels of shades viz. tea as monoculture; Tea based cropping system with Areca palm and Tea with Albizzia odoratissima. Results: Among different tea plantations, tea-albizzia recorded superior performance, followed by tea-areca palm plantation in respect to biomass accumulation and carbon sequestration. Similarly, higher carbon stock was found in tea-albizzia plantations along with other physiological and edaphic parameters related to carbon sequestration attributed to an increase in carbon stock. Interpretation: Tea-albizzia plantation system has maximum potential for carbon offsetting from the atmosphere as well as carbon storage both above and below ground in the plantation ecosystem which might be helpful for future carbon management and economy as a whole.
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Wilson, J. S., and C. D. Oliver. "Stability and density management in Douglas-fir plantations." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 30, no. 6 (June 1, 2000): 910–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x00-027.
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Limited tree size variation in coastal Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) plantations makes them susceptible to developing high height to diameter ratios (H/D same units) in the dominant trees. The H/D of a tree is a relative measure of stability under wind and snow loads. Experimental plot data from three large studies was used to evaluate the impact of initial planting densities and thinning on plantation H/D values. The H/D predictions from the experimental plot data match spacing trial results closely but are substantially different than distance-independent growth model predictions. The results suggest that plantation H/D values can be lowered and stability promoted through reduced planting densities or early thinning; however, later thinnings may not be effective in promoting stability, since they do not appear to lower H/D values. Higher initial planting densities shorten the time period during which thinning can be expected to effectively lower future H/D values. Time-sensitive thinning requirements in dense plantations make their management inflexible. The flexibility with which a stand can be managed describes the rigidity of intervention requirements and (or) potential range of stand development pathways.
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Nettles, J. E. "Water management and productivity in planted forests." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 364 (September 16, 2014): 82–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-364-82-2014.
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Abstract. As climate variability endangers water security in many parts of the world, maximizing the carbon balance of plantation forestry is of global importance. High plant water use efficiency is generally associated with lower plant productivity, so an explicit balance in resources is necessary to optimize water yield and tree growth. This balance requires predicting plant water use under different soil, climate, and planting conditions, as well as a mechanism to account for trade-offs in ecosystem services. Several strategies for reducing the water use of forests have been published but there is little research tying these to operational forestry. Using data from silvicultural and biofuel feedstock research in pine plantation ownership in the southeastern USA, proposed water management tools were evaluated against known treatment responses to estimate water yield, forest productivity, and economic outcomes. Ecosystem impacts were considered qualitatively and related to water use metrics. This work is an attempt to measure and compare important variables to make sound decisions about plantations and water use.
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Grossman, Jake J. "A case study of smallholder eucalyptus plantation silviculture in Eastern Paraguay." Forestry Chronicle 88, no. 05 (October 2012): 528–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc2012-101.
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Smallholder eucalyptus (Eucalyptus species) plantation forestry is common among rural farmers in Eastern Paraguay. Yet there has been no systematic study of the silvicultural practices utilized by smallholder plantation owners in the region. In response, I conducted a case study of semi-structured interviews with 45 eucalyptus-owning smallholders. My study characterizes the households that have adopted eucalyptus forestry and the management of these plantations. Silvicultural practices varied among households and, for some parameters, among regions. Improved extension efforts could enable eucalyptus plantation owners in the study population to improve production both for commercial sale and domestic use.
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Ningsih, Surya. "APLIKASI PENGELOLAAN LAHAN KELAPA SAWIT (APLKS) BERBASIS INFORMATION SYSTEM INTERACTIVE MAP DI KEBUN TINJOWAN." Tunas Geografi 7, no. 2 (May 19, 2019): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/tgeo.v7i2.11086.
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The need for an easy and fast information system is a demand that must be answered in the current management of oil palm plantations. Application Development of Palm Oil Land Management (APLKS) based on Information System Interactive Map is one way to answer these demands. This research was conducted at Palm Oil Plantation of Tinjowan, North Sumatera Province. The purpose of this research is to know the accuracy of mapping and application of Palm Land Management Application (APLKS) in Tinjowan Palm Oil Plantation. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. Data collection technics used are documentary studies, direct observation, and application development. The analysis result shows that the level of Overal Accuracy (overall accuracy) mapping is 94,64%. The results of application implementation measurement indicate that this application is very helpful for companies in palm oil land management especially in the ease and speed of information access location and condition of plantation.
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Loewe-Muñoz, Verónica, Mónica Balzarini, and Marta Ortega González. "Pure and mixed plantations of Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) for high quality timber production in Chile, South America." Journal of Plant Ecology 13, no. 1 (August 22, 2019): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtz042.
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Abstract Aims Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.), an interesting forest species for the veneering industry, requires adequate management to produce valuable high-quality logs. Since species associations and management level can improve stand productivity, the novelty of this work was to assess Persian walnut performance in different planting mixtures and in pure plantations conditioned to management intensity. Methods Growth, straightness and survival measurements were taken annually for 7 years after planting pure and mixed plantations under two contrasting management scenarios. Diseases were recorded at Age 7 in all plantations. Under each management intensity, besides the monoculture, three mixtures were tested: a mixture of only main forest species, main forest species plus one arboreal companion species, Black alder (Alnus glutinosa L.) and main species plus the shrub Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia L.) as nurse species. A test of interaction between plantation type and management scenario was conducted using repeated growth data. Important Findings The interaction was significant, indicating the presence of different mechanisms underlying plantation effects under high and low management level. Compared with pure plantations, Persian walnut associated with the nurse shrub exhibited 78% higher height and 53% higher diameter growth in plantations under low management. Health benefits (lower presence of walnut blight than in the monoculture) and better straightness were also found in the association including the shrub when the management intensity was not high. These beneficial effects in the presence of Russian olive were not present under high management intensity (irrigation, fertilization, tutoring and frequent pruning). Site-specific designs for Persian walnut plantations would depend on the foreseen management intensity.
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Li, Jiayu, Jiayi Lin, Chenyu Pei, Kaitao Lai, Thomas C. Jeffries, and Guangda Tang. "Variation of soil bacterial communities along a chronosequence of Eucalyptus plantation." PeerJ 6 (September 24, 2018): e5648. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5648.
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Eucalyptus is harvested for wood and fiber production in many tropical and sub-tropical habitats globally. Plantation has been controversial because of its influence on the surrounding environment, however, the influence of massive Eucalyptus planting on soil microbial communities is unclear. Here we applied high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene to assess the microbial community composition and diversity of planting chronosequences, involving two, five and ten years of Eucalyptus plantation, comparing to that of secondary-forest in South China. We found that significant changes in the composition of soil bacteria occurred when the forests were converted from secondary-forest to Eucalyptus. The bacterial community structure was clearly distinct from control and five year samples after Eucalyptus was grown for 2 and 10 years, highlighting the influence of this plantation on local soil microbial communities. These groupings indicated a cycle of impact (2 and 10 year plantations) and low impact (5-year plantations) in this chronosequence of Eucalyptus plantation. Community patterns were underpinned by shifts in soil properties such as pH and phosphorus concentration. Concurrently, key soil taxonomic groups such as Actinobacteria showed abundance shifts, increasing in impacted plantations and decreasing in low impacted samples. Shifts in taxonomy were reflected in a shift in metabolic potential, including pathways for nutrient cycles such as carbon fixation, which changed in abundance over time following Eucalyptus plantation. Combined these results confirm that Eucalyptus plantation can change the community structure and diversity of soil microorganisms with strong implications for land-management and maintaining the health of these ecosystems.
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Haight, Robert G. "Optimal management of loblolly pine plantations with stochastic price trends." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x93-007.
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An economic analysis of loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) plantation management options with stochastic sawtimber and pulpwood stumpage price trends is conducted using the North Carolina State University Plantation Management Simulator, a widely used model in the southeastern United States. Results for stands with a range of site indices suggest that regimes with high planting densities combined with commercial thinning options have higher expected present values than do regimes without thinning options, especially in plantations with hardwood competition. Such regimes are superior because high planting densities increase the returns from pulpwood thinnings without compromising sawtimber volume at rotation age. Further, high planting densities maintain the option to produce either sawtimber or pulpwood depending on the stumpage prices at midrotation. Optimal regimes are conditional on the sawtimber and pulpwood prices at the time of planting. A comparison of results for plantations with and without hardwood competition suggests that when the hardwood stumpage price is likely to increase over time, removing hardwoods with commercial thinning is superior to removing hardwoods immediately after planting. Finally, planting and thinning regimes that are optimal for deterministic price trends provide near-optimal expected returns when employed in an environment where price trends are stochastic.
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Najmi, Nurul Lainan, Al Jaktsa Al Jaktsa, Suharno Suharno, and Anna Fariyanti. "STATUS KEBERLANJUTAN PENGELOLAAN PERKEBUNAN INTI RAKYAT KELAPA SAWIT BERKELANJUTAN DI TRUMON, KABUPATEN ACEH SELATAN." Forum Agribisnis 9, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 53–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/fagb.9.1.53-68.
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This study aims to evaluate the sustainable status of oil palm plantation management and determine the most dominant attributes to sustainability in Trumon, South Aceh Regency. Data analysis using Multi Dimensional Scalling method and sensitivity analysis. The results of the analysis of the sustainability status of oil palm plantations, index values of each dimension with dimensions of 64,04, technology dimensions 53,26, economic dimensions 48,83, demonstration dimensions 45,54, and the lowest index values according to the social dimension 35,92. There are nine main attributes or key factors related to the sustainability of the management of oil palm plasma nucleus plantations, namely: 1) residents working in the plantation sector, 2) time and method of providing fertilizer to harvest, 3) FFB prices at farm level, 4) accessibility of farmer groups to banks, 5) land management administration, 6) Village communication accessibility, 7) farmer groups, 8) use of land and air conservation technology, 9) Management of crop disturbing crops (OPT). Index of multi-dimensional sustainability of oil palm plantation management nucleus-plasma pattern is 49,10 means that the sustainability status is still lacking. This has an impact on reducing involvement in agribusiness activities, lack of farmers' participation in farmer groups and KUD, because the role of this institution to access capital to banks does not support formal education, so that communication between farmers and institutions is inadequate.
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Yang, Huijuan, Yongning Li, Zhidong Zhang, Zhongqi Xu, and Xuanrui Huang. "GIS-Based Multi-Criteria Assessment and Seasonal Impact on Plantation Forest Landscape Visual Sensitivity." Forests 10, no. 4 (March 30, 2019): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10040297.
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Visual sensitivity assessments identify the location of the high-sensitivity areas in terms of visual change. Studying the visual sensitivity of plantation forest landscapes and their seasonal changes can help resolve increasingly frequent conflicts between tourism and forest management activities, in the context of the multi-functional management of plantation forests. In this study, we used the geographic information system (GIS) and multi-criteria evaluation (MCE) methods combined with the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to perform a visual sensitivity evaluation. Nine map-based criteria were selected, and the visual sensitivity of summer and autumn values were calculated, using data from sources including inventory data for forest management planning and design, digital elevation model (DEM), and aerial photographs. Vegetation uniformity (VU) and color diversity (CD) indices were constructed using three patch-level-based landscape indices, including area (AREA), fractal dimension index (FRAC), and proximity (PROX), to visualize the summer and autumn vegetation characteristics of a plantation forest landscape. We conducted a case study on the Saihanba Mechanical Forest Plantation, China’s largest forest plantation. The results were evaluated by experts, confirming the method to be reliable. This study provides an accurate, objective, and visualized evaluation method for the visual sensitivity of plantations for forest management units at the landscape scale. In analyzing the visual sensitivity of plantation forest landscapes, appropriate criteria, e.g., uniformity or diversity should be selected based on forest vegetation characteristics. When identifying high-sensitivity regions, it is necessary to simultaneously analyze areas with high visual sensitivity in different seasons and then superimpose the results.
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Elek, Z., T. Magura, and T. Tóthmérész. "Impacts of non-native Norway spruce plantation on abundance and species richness of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae)." Web Ecology 2, no. 1 (June 6, 2001): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/we-2-32-2001.
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Abstract. The impacts of non-native Norway spruce plantation on the abundance and species richness of carabids were studied in the Bükk National Park in Hungary, central Europe. Pitfall catches from recently established (5 yr old), young (15 yr after planting), middle-aged (30 yr after planting), old Norway spruce Picea abies plantation (50 yr after planting), and a native submontane beech forest (Fagetum sylvaticae) as a control stand were compared. Our results showed that deciduous forest species decreased significantly in abundance in the plantations, and appeared in high abundance only in the native beech forest. Furthermore, open habitat species increased remarkably in abundance in the recently established plantation. Carabids were significantly more abundant and species rich in the native forest than in the plantations, while differences were not significant among the plantations. Multiple regression between the abundance and species richness of carabids and twelve environmental measurements showed that pH of the soil, herb cover and density of the carabids’ prey had a significant effect in determining abundance and species richness. Our results showed that plantation of non-native Norway spruce species had a detrimental effect on the composition of carabid communities and no regeneration could be observed during the growth of plantations even 50 yr after the establishment. This emphasises the importance of an active nature management practice to facilitate the recolonization of the native species.
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Hartemink, Alfred E. "Plantation Agriculture in the Tropics." Outlook on Agriculture 34, no. 1 (March 2005): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/0000000053295150.
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Plantation agriculture is more than 400 years old and contributes to the regional and national economies in many tropical countries. This paper reviews some of the main environmental issues related to plantation agriculture with perennial crops, including soil erosion, soil fertility decline, pollution, carbon sequestration and biodiversity. Soil erosion and soil fertility decline are of concern in some areas, but in most plantations these are being checked by cover crops and inorganic fertilizer applications. Few studies have been conducted on the issue of carbon sequestration under perennial plantation cropping. Reductions in deforestation yield much greater benefits for a reduction in CO2 emissions than expanding plantation agriculture. The biggest threat to biodiversity is the loss of habitat through expansion of the plantation area. Despite the environmental problems and concerns, this review has shown that crop yields of most perennial crops have increased over time due to improved crop husbandry including high-yielding cultivars and improved soil management. It is likely that more attention will be given to the environmental aspects of plantation cropping due to the increasing environmental awareness in tropical countries.
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Zheng, Zi Cheng, Ting Xuan Li, and Shu Qin He. "Characteristics and Stability of Soil Aggregates in Tea Plantation." Advanced Materials Research 343-344 (September 2011): 968–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.343-344.968.
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Soil aggregate stability as a key indicator of soil structure and erodibility to evaluate soil stability, is a product of interactions between soil environment, management practices, and land use patterns. The objective of this study was to analyze the distribution characteristics, characteristics of fractal features and stability of soil aggregates in tea plantations and eucalyptus plantations of Western Sichuan in China. The dry- and water-stable aggregate size distributions were determined by dry sieving and wet sieving methods. The results showed that soil structural properties in tea and eucalyptus plantations were similar. With increase in depth of soil layer, the aggregate stability of tea plantation soil became stronger. Comparative analysis of dry and wet sieving results showed that most of the aggregates in tea plantation soil were unstable. The soil aggregates >5mm and 0.5-0.25mm in size had higher stability, while those 2-1mm in size had lower stability. For tea plantation soil, the correlation coefficients between aggregate stability index and mean weight diameter, geometric mean diameter, fractal dimension were bigger under wet sieving than those under dry sieving. The results showed that aggregate stability index, mean weight diameter, geometric mean diameter, fractal dimension of water-stable aggregates could characterize soil aggregate stability in tea plantation ideally.
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Zhang, L., F. F. Zhao, and A. E. Brown. "Predicting effects of plantation expansion on streamflow regime for catchments in Australia." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 16, no. 7 (July 16, 2012): 2109–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-2109-2012.
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Abstract. The effect of plantations on mean annual streamflow is well understood and, there are robust methods available for assessing the impact. Plantations also affect streamflow regime, leading to reductions in low flow and increased number of zero-flow days. Understanding changes in streamflow regime following plantation expansion is important for developing water resources and environmental flow strategy. This study evaluated the impacts of plantations on streamflow regime from 15 catchments in Australia. The selected catchments range in size from 0.6 to 1136 km2 and represent different climatic conditions and management practices. The catchments have at least 20 yr and in most cases 35 yr of continuous daily streamflow data and well documented plantation records. Catchments with perennial streamflow in the pre-treatment periods showed relatively uniform reductions in most flows after plantation expansions, whereas catchments with ephemeral streamflow showed more dramatic reductions in low flows, leading to an increased number of zero-flow days. The Forest Cover Flow Change (FCFC) model was tested using the data from the selected catchments and comparison of predicted and observed flow duration curves showed that 14 of the 15 catchments have coefficients of efficiency greater than 0.8. The results indicate that the model is capable of predicting plantation impacts on streamflow regime.
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Zhang, L., F. F. Zhao, and A. E. Brown. "Predicting effects of plantation expansion on streamflow regime for catchments in Australia." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 9, no. 1 (January 10, 2012): 379–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-9-379-2012.
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Abstract. The effect of plantations on mean annual streamflow is well understood and there are robust methods available for assessing the impact. Plantations also affect streamflow regime, leading to reductions in low flow and increased number of zero-flow days. Understanding changes in streamflow regime following plantation expansion is important for developing water resources and environmental flow strategy. This study evaluated the impacts of plantation on streamflow regime from 15 catchments in Australia. The selected catchments range in size from 0.6 to 1136 km2 and represent different climatic conditions and management practices. The catchments have at least 20 yr and in most cases 35 yr of continuous daily streamflow data and well documented plantation records. Catchments with perennial streamflow in the pre-treatment periods showed relatively uniform reductions in most flows after plantation expansions, whereas catchments with ephemeral streamflow showed more dramatic reductions in low flows, leading to an increased number of zero-flow days. The Forest Cover Flow Change (FCFC) model was tested using the data from the selected catchments and comparison of predicted and observed flow duration curves showed that 14 of the 15 catchments have coefficient of efficiency greater than 0.8. The results indicate that the model is capable of predicting plantation impacts on streamflow regime.
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Nagaike, Takuo, Tomohiko Kamitani, and Tohru Nakashizuka. "Effects of different forest management systems on plant species diversity in a Fagus crenata forested landscape of central Japan." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 35, no. 12 (December 1, 2005): 2832–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x05-200.
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To clarify how different forest management systems affect the diversity of understory vascular plant species at the plot level and the forest-type level, we examined a forested landscape originally occupied by primary Japanese beech, Fagus crenata Blume, in central Japan. The landscape is currently composed of four types of forest: primary F. crenata forest, shelterwood logged F. crenata forest, abandoned coppice forest, and coniferous plantation. Species richness per plot (α diversity) and in each forest type (γ diversity) and species turnover among plots in each forest type (β diversity) reached their highest values in plantation forests. While the difference in species composition between primary and shelterwood logged forests was not significant, the other pairs of forest types showed significant differences. Ordination analysis revealed that variation in species composition within the plantations seemed to be related to the dominance of naturally regenerated tree species, which reflected the intensity of tending. Although the species composition of less intensively tended plantations was similar to that of abandoned coppice forests that had been repeatedly cut in the past, their species composition differed from that of the primary forests. This suggests that most of the plantation and coppice forests, which were clear-cut at least once, do not revert to primary forest conditions after management is abandoned.
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Jasni, NurAziemah, and Nasuddin Othman. "Welfare and the Employment Issues Related To Foreign Workers in Sabah: A Case Study of Mensuli Estate." ADVANCES IN BUSINESS RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2016): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/abrij.v2i1.10063.
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The study analysed the welfare and employment issues related to foreign workers in Sabah. This study aims to determine the main factors that contribute to the oil palm productivity in relation to minimum wage, welfare management, and training provided to the foreign workers, to examine productivity status of the foreign harvesters and loose fruit collectors with welfare management and to examine the foreign harvesters’ and loose fruit collectors’ employment situations in oil palm plantations in Mensuli Estate. The method that had been used to obtain the data in this study was questionnaires distribution method and personal interviews. The questionnaires consisted of four (4) sections the questionnaire format based on Likert Scale. The data was analysed by using factorial analysis. The factor analysis identified seven factors that led to welfare and employment issues of foreign workers. The factors including competition with Indonesian palm oil plantation, training provided by the company, welfare management, satisfaction with the company welfare management, wage satisfaction, minimum wage and high cost of living. It was found that most of the respondents knew about the wage hike in Indonesia palm oil plantations and they were willing to return back to their homeland. Therefore the government should take an action to prevent the workers shortage issues in the plantation by encouraging local younger generation to work in the plantation sectors.
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Rotenberg, James A. "Ecological Role of a Tree (Gmelina Arborea) Plantation in Guatemala: An Assessment of an Alternative Land use for Tropical Avian Conservation." Auk 124, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 316–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/124.1.316.
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AbstractEstablished parks and nature reserves may be inadequate to preserve long-term biotic diversity, especially in tropical regions of Latin America where anthropogenic disturbance and land-conversion is an ongoing problem. Demand for economically productive land uses, such as cattle pastures or monoculture plantations, is one of the greatest threats to habitat and wildlife preservation. As a result, conservation biologists have turned to examining attributes of nonprotected lands to determine which land uses both support wildlife and make economic sense. I examined bird use of a plantation of Gmelina arborea (“white teak” or “melina” trees; hereafter “plantation”) in Guatemala to assess its suitability as bird habitat. Gmelina arborea is grown mainly for wood and paper pulp. Several compositionally different habitats were identified, based on the amount of natural vegetation grown within and among the plantation trees, forming a heterogeneous landscape. I detected 195 bird species from 45 families within this plantation-dominated landscape, and 144 species in plantation habitats combined. I observed a positive association between increased vegetative complexity and bird species richness; moreover, bird species richness attained levels statistically indistinguishable from those found in nearby forest fragments. Mixed plantation habitat containing 19–31% natural vegetative coverage supported bird communities that equaled or surpassed levels of species richness found by other researchers in shaded coffee (Coffea spp.) plantations. However, pure stands of G. arborea supported richness levels equal to those of grazed pasture; diversity levels associated with both these land uses were close to those reported for sun coffee plantations. Clearly, native vegetation played a significant role in enhancing bird species richness in the plantation habitat, and amounts of relative cover similar to or exceeding those in the plantation I studied should be considered in any management plan for G. arborea in Central America.Rol Ecológico de Plantaciones de Árboles de Gmelina arborea en Guatemala: Una Evaluación de un Uso Alternativo del Suelo para la Conservación de las Aves Tropicales
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Paprštein, F., J. Sedlák, and V. Holubec. "On-farm orchards of fruit trees." Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 46, Special Issue (March 31, 2010): S65—S69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2669-cjgpb.
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Four on-farm plantations (KRNAP Vrchlabí, the Orchard of Reconciliation in Neratov, Podyjí National Park, and Šumava National Park) were successfully established in a traditional form, with large orchard trees on seedling rootstocks. Certain accessions (cultivars) for on-farm conservation in the given locality were selected, according to the incidence and presentation of genotypes in these particular areas. This information was obtained by localization of fruit trees <I>in situ </I>and the determination of certain cultivars. Nursery stock production for onfarm plantations is described. Because of the longevity of the plantation, seedling rootstocks were used for the production of planting materials for the on-farm plantations. Techniques of on-farm plantation establishment and orchard management are stated within the paper. Four established on-farm plantations have ensured the long-term preservation of landraces in their original areas.
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Cely-Gómez, María Alejandra, Dennis Castillo-Figueroa, and Jairo Pérez-Torres. "Bat Assemblage in an Oil Palm Plantation from the Colombian Llanos Foothills." Tropical Life Sciences Research 32, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21315/tlsr2021.32.1.3.
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The surge of oil palm production in the Neotropics has become a major concern about the potential impacts on biodiversity. In the Colombian Orinoquia, which has shown a massive landscape transformation due to the growth of oil palm plantations, the effects of oil palm agriculture on bats in this region have not been studied up to date. To understand the impact of habitat conversion on bat diversity, we characterised bat assemblages in secondary forest and palm plantations in the Colombian Piedmont foothills (Meta, Colombia). We captured 393 individuals (forest = 81, plantation = 312) of 18 species and three families. The forest cover presented three exclusive species while the plantation had five. Species diversity (q1) and evenness (J’) were higher in the forest compared to the plantation. These differences derived from the increase in abundances of generalist species (Artibeus sp., Carollia spp.) in the plantation. Despite the habitat simplification caused by oil palm plantations, this monoculture provides a cover that is used by some bats, decreasing their risk of predation and allowing movement between patches of forest habitat as stepping-stones. Maintaining forest cover in agricultural landscapes favours diversity by generating a “spillover effect” of the forest towards plantations, which in the case of some bats contributes to the reduction of species isolation and the maintenance of ecosystem services provided by them. It is important to improve management practices of oil palm plantations to minimise negative impacts on biodiversity, considering the expansion of this productive system and the scarcity of protected areas in this region.
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Andrasev, Sinisa, Milivoj Vuckovic, Martin Bobinac, Petar Ivanisevic, and Branko Stajic. "Structural and productive-developmental characteristics of white willow plantations of different density on humogley in Donji Srem." Bulletin of the Faculty of Forestry, no. 106 (2012): 7–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsf1206007a.
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The study was conducted in two plantations of white willow (Salix alba L.) in Donji Srem on the humogley soil type (hydromorphic black soil), which belongs to a narrow-leaved ash forest with remote sedge (Carici remotae - Fraxinetum angustifoliae Jov. et Tom., 1979). The plantations are located in the same depression. The SP (sample plot)-1 plantation is 21 years old with a 6?6 m planting spacing, and the SP-2 plantation is 27 years old with a 3?3m planting spacing. Elements of stem growth in the SP-1 plantation showed that with the white willow planting spacing of 6?6 m and a planned 25-year production cycle it is possible to obtain about 250 m3?ha-1 of timber volume, with an 80% net share of technical wood and a 20 % share of pulp wood. The plantation in SP-2 is at the age, which is well above the optimum age in terms of rational management, and the total volume at the age of 27 years is about 300 m3?ha-1, with a 53.7% net share of technical wood and a 46.3% share of pulpwood.
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Morimoto, Junko, Kosuke Nakagawa, Kohei T. Takano, Masahiro Aiba, Michio Oguro, Yasuto Furukawa, Yoshio Mishima, et al. "Comparison of vulnerability to catastrophic wind between Abies plantation forests and natural mixed forests in northern Japan." Forestry: An International Journal of Forest Research 92, no. 4 (January 11, 2019): 436–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cpy045.
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Abstract The risk of extreme events due to weather and climate change, such as winds of unprecedented magnitude, is predicted to increase throughout this century. Artificial ecosystems, such as coniferous plantation forests, can suffer irreversible deterioration due to even a slight change in environmental conditions. However, few studies have examined the effects of converting natural forests to plantations on their vulnerability to catastrophic winds. By modelling the 2004 windthrow event of Typhoon Songda in northern Japan using the random forest machine learning method, we answered two questions: do Abies plantation forests and natural mixed forests differ in their vulnerability to strong winds and how do winds, topography and forest structure affect their vulnerability. Our results show that Abies plantation forests are more vulnerable to catastrophic wind than natural mixed forests under most conditions. However, the windthrow process was common to both types of forests, and the behaviour of wind inside the forests may determine the windthrow probability. Future management options for adapting to climate change were proposed based on these findings, including modifications of plantation forest structure to reduce windthrow risk and reconversion of plantations to natural forests.
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Chey, V. K., J. D. Holloway, and M. R. Speight. "Diversity of moths in forest plantations and natural forests in Sabah." Bulletin of Entomological Research 87, no. 4 (August 1997): 371–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000748530003738x.
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AbstractThe diversity of macromoths in the various fast-growing exotic tree plantations and natural secondary forest in Brumas, Sabah, Malaysia was assessed by means of an annual cycle of light-trap samples. The moth diversity in the forest plantations, viz. Acacia mangium, Gmelina arborea, Paraserianthes (=Albizia) falcataria, Pinus caribaea, and in particular Eucalyptus deglupta, was unexpectedly high. Eucalyptus deglupta showed moth diversity as high as that in the natural secondary forest, a finding attributed to the fact that the E. deglupta plantation had a very diverse understorey both in terms of plant species (secondary regrowth species) and architecture, and thus supported a more diverse moth fauna. Subsidiary samples showed that primary natural forest in the neighbouring Danum Valley does not show higher moth diversity compared to the disturbed forest habitats in Brumas, though moth diversity at Danum is lower than that recorded in other Bornean primary forests. The value of plantation forests for conservation of invertebrate diversity is discussed, together with the implications for plantation management strategy.
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Kvitko, Maxim, Vasyl Savosko, Iryna Kozlovskaya, Yuriy Lykholat, Aleksandr Podolyak, Ivan Hrygoruk, and Aleksey Karpenko. "Woody artificial plantations as a significant factor of the sustainable development at mining & metallurgical area." E3S Web of Conferences 280 (2021): 06005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128006005.
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The relevance of our research is determined by the need to find practical measures that will be aimed of the sustainable development formation and maintenance at mining and metallurgical areas by used of artificial woody plantation. The main objective of this work was on the standpoint of the ecosystem approach to consider the artificial woody plantations as a significant factor for sustainable development paradigm implementation at Kryvyi Rih mining and metallurgical district (Central Ukraine). During 2015-2020, by classical methods were studied the natural forest ecosystems and the artificial forest plantations, which are located in contrast ecological and environmental conditions. Numerous scientific papers about sustainable development have also served as materials for our work. At Kryvyi Rih mining and metallurgical district the leading characteristics of artificial woody plantations have a clear ecological and environmental conditionality. It is proved that in artificial woody plantations of this district tree species are in a state of stress. Therefore, these species lose stability due to the constant influence of adverse environmental factors of natural and anthropogenic genesis. The authors assume that the biogeochemical parameters of trees fallen can be considered one of the promising markers that determine the vitality / healthy of tree species and forecast the development of artificial woody plantations. It has been suggested that the artificial woody plantations at Kryvyi Rih mining and metallurgical area should acquire the status of one of the key factors that determine the sustainable development of this district and Ukraine as a whole. In practice, to achieve this goal, the following steps must be taken: (i) artificial woody plantation assessment, (ii) ecological and environment conditionality of artificial woody plantation current state ascertainment, (iii) sustainable model of artificial woody plantation development, (iv) sustainable management of artificial woody plantation, (v) sustainable development of artificial woody plantation. In the near future, it is recommended to optimize the Kryvyi Rih forest cover by 8-10%. The first step in streamlining and preliminary assessment of the artificial forest ecosystems sustainability is the use of biogeochemical indicators of the chemical circulation system relationship “Leaf precipitation -soil” as markers and predictors of the artificial forest current state in Kryvyi Rih District.
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Carter, Katherine K., and L. Oscar Selin. "Larch Plantation Management in the Northeast." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 4, no. 1 (March 1, 1987): 18–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/4.1.18.
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Abstract The potential productivity of native and exotic larch plantations in the northeastern United States and eastern Canada is summarized. Attainment of high productivity over short rotations depends on the application of silvicultural practices that differ from those that are commonly applied to other, more tolerant, northern conifers. Practices leading to the successful establishment and management of larch plantations are discussed. North. J. Appl. For. 4:18-20, Mar. 1987.
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Nielsen, Jesper Stern, Mogens Gissel Nielsen, and Joachim Offenberg. "Experiences in Transplanting Wood Ants into Plantations for Integrated Pest Management." Sociobiology 65, no. 3 (October 2, 2018): 403. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v65i3.2872.
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Ants can function efficiently as biocontrol agents in open field horticulture. Temperate wood ants can control forest pests, including species damaging forest regeneration plots and fruit plantations. Thus, they possess potential as biocontrol agents in open field horticulture, if they can persist in these systems. Here we present observationson activity and survival of wood ants transplanted from forests into different types of plantations. Mound fragments were transplanted into a conifer seedling plot, an organic and a conventional Christmas tree plantation, and into an organic apple plantation. Colonies survived at least one year in all types of plantations. In some cases, however, ants moved to new locations or migrated between mound fragments, leaving some inactive. Our compiled experiences suggest that this can be prevented by providing a minimum mound size, keeping a minimum spacing between mounds and incorporation of sand and scent marked wood pieces from donor colonies to imitate naturally occurring nests. We also observed that the ants preyed upon and significantly reduced the number of winter moth larvae (Operophtera brumata – a pest in apple and other fruit orchards) in two of four apple varieties. In conclusion, wood ants were tolerant to highly diferente habitat settings and will likely persist in most types of perennial horticultural systems, if managed properly. As they prey on winter moths and multiple other pest species, they are a potential new biocontrol agent for open agricultural systems.
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Almuqsith, Leda, and Kartiansyah Kartiansyah. "Pengelolaan Sektor Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit dari Perspektif Program Kepedulian Sosial di Kecamatan Kamipang Kabupaten Katingan." Restorica: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Administrasi Negara dan Ilmu Komunikasi 3, no. 2 (October 16, 2017): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.33084/restorica.v3i2.727.
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This study aims to determine the impact of the existence of palm oil plantations on the socio-economic conditions of the people in Kamipang District, Katingan District. The type of data used in this study is secondary data obtained from BPS, Sub-District Offices, village/district, and the private sector and primary data obtained directly from different respondents in Kamipang Subdistrict to determine the number of samples used by purposive sampling technique or sampling. intentionally that is equal to 20% of the total population or as many as 30 respondents. The results of the study show that the management of oil palm plantations has an impact on social conditions that are very influential, namely after the existence of the oil palm plantation company PT Arjuna Utama Sawit. The impact is such as access to education in Kamipang Subdistrict, new economic activities such as lodging, restaurants, crossing services, and salons. After the existence of a coconut plantation company, PT. Arjuna Utama Sawit, those who were previously less prosperous are now more prosperous. They arrived at zero economic conditions, the impact of the existence of a sick coconut plantation company, PT. Arjuna Utama Sawit for economic conditions greatly affects that is after the existence of oil palm plantation companies PT. Arjuna Utama Sawit compared to the existence of a plantation company PT. Arjuna Utama Sawit.
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Mawson, P. R., and C. E. Cooper. "The effect of changing land use on the availability of potential nest trees for the endangered Muir's corella (Cacatua pastinator pastinator): a case study of the establishment of commercial Tasmanian blue gum plantations in Western Australia." Pacific Conservation Biology 21, no. 2 (2015): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc14913.
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In the mid-1990s commercial Tasmanian blue gum (Eucalyptus globulus) plantations were established in south-west Western Australia. We examined the extent of loss of potential nesting trees for an endangered obligate hollow-nesting cockatoo, Muir’s corella (Cacatua pastinator pastinator), resulting from establishment of these plantations during 1995–2004. Clearing of native vegetation was extensive in both Tonebridge (51%) and Frankland (76%) study sites. The proportion of land used for timber plantation increased significantly from 2.4% to 12.1% (Tonebridge) and 0.5% to 9% (Frankland) in the period 1995–2004. Plantations were predominantly established on already cleared farmland, but during the rapid development of plantations, large numbers of remnant paddock trees (mean = 56%) in cleared farmland were removed. Despite the loss of more than 50% of potential nesting habitat over an area of 376km2 within its current distribution, Muir’s corella continued to increase in numbers. However, there are concerns about delayed impacts of the clearing of potential nest trees we have observed, and consequences of further tree loss during future plantation harvesting. Evidence-based demonstration of biodiversity protection is increasingly needed to fulfil forest and plantation stewardship requirements, so greater care needs to be directed towards the management of extant remnant vegetation in paddocks.
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Larcombe, Matthew J., Brad M. Potts, Rebecca C. Jones, Dorothy A. Steane, João Costa E. Silva, and René E. Vaillancourt. "Managing Australia’s eucalypt gene pools: assessing the risk of exotic gene flow." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 128, no. 1 (2016): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rs16003.
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Most eucalypts are endemic to Australia but they have been introduced into more than 100 countries and there are now over 20 million hectares of eucalypt plantations globally. These plantations are grown mainly for pulpwood but there is expanding interest in their use as a renewable source of solid wood products and energy. In Australia, the eucalypt plantation estate is nearing one million hectares, located mainly in temperate regions and dominated by Eucalyptus globulus and E. nitens (subgenus Symphyomyrtus), which are grown mainly outside their natural ranges. While eucalypt species from different major subgenera do not hybridise, hybrids within subgenera are often reported, including hybrids with plantation species. Concerns were raised in the late 1990s that pollen-mediated gene flow from locally exotic plantation eucalypts may affect the integrity of adjacent native eucalypt gene pools. As Australia is the centre-of-origin of most eucalypt species used in plantations around the world, exotic gene flow is one of the many issues that require management for industry sustainability and certification purposes. We here summarise over a decade of research aimed at providing the framework and biological data to help assess and manage the risk of gene flow from these plantations into native gene pools in Australia.