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1
Ndayisaba, Eric. "Le thé au Burundi des années 1950 à 2018 : politique publique de développement, rente et appropriations." Thesis, Pau, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PAUU1059/document.
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La culture du thé fut introduite au Burundi à partir des années 1950, dans le cadre d’une politique publique de développement, avec l’objectif de diversifier l’économie aussi bien nationale que paysanne. Ce secteur agro-industriel et commercial constitue alors la deuxième source de recettes pour l’Etat et occupe à peu près la troisième place dans la constitution des revenus de plus de 60 mille ménages de la région des hautes terres.A travers une démarche socio-historique, cette thèse analyse les enjeux de la mise en place du projet théicole, ainsi que la redistribution et l’importance de cette rente agro-industrielle, sur les plans national, régional et familial. Elle s’intéresse en outre aux défis de l’appropriation à la fois étatique et paysanne de cette politique publique de développement, dans un contexte évolutif de rapports, interactions, circulations, négociations et conciliations entre les principaux acteursTea farming was introduced in Burundi since the 1950s as a public policy of development. The goal was to diversify the national economy and famer’s income.Currently, this agro-industrial and commercial sector is the second largest sector of the economy of Burundi according to export earnings. It is also the third or fourth income generating activity for more than 60,000 households.By a socio-historical approach, the present work analyzes the issues of the introduction of Tea as a public policy and studies the importance of its economy for different actors. This thesis is also interested in the issues of national and peasant’s participation and appropriation in a process context of interactions and negotiations between the main actors such as International Donors, the State, producers, private sector and associations
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Brown, Lauren Adele. "Reading resistance on the plantation writing new strategies in francophone Caribbean fiction /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1568134621&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Carson, Karen Michelle. "The function and failure of plantation government: interpreting spaces of power and discipline in representations of slave plantations." FIU Digital Commons, 2000. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2060.
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This investigation focuses on representations of the physical construction and landscape of Southern slave plantations in order to explore the power relationships among inhabitants of those plantations and how those power relationships attempted to function and failed to establish a system of discipline and governance. While every plantation functioned violently in some form, many plantations appear to have attempted to instill a sense of place and permanence of status in slaves with more than just physical violence or obvious and overt forms of mental coercion and abuse. As a supplement to the strategic (and oftentimes random) physical violence inflicted on slaves in the attempts to control their behaviors, owners seem to have also attempted to discipline their slaves through strategic constructions of the plantation landscapes. While concluding that this strategy ultimately failed, this thesis examines attempts by owners to implement particular strategies in regulating and disciplining the behavior of slaves which can be compared with the strategies implemented in a panoptic system as described by Michel Foucault.
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Laclau, Jean-Paul. "Dynamique du fonctionnement minéral d'une plantation d'eucalyptus. Effet du reboisement sur un sol de savane du littoral congolais ; conséquences pour la gestion des plantations industrielles." Phd thesis, INAPG (AgroParisTech), 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005778.
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Cette étude avait pour objectifs principaux d'étudier le fonctionnement minéral d'une plantation d'eucalyptus et d'évaluer les effets du reboisement sur un sol de savane du littoral congolais. Une amélioration des systèmes de culture était également recherchée, afin d'assurer une production soutenue et durable de bois d'eucalyptus dans ces sols. Les cycles biogéochimiques ont été étudiés dans une plantation clonale d'eucalyptus âgée de 6 à 9 ans (fin de la rotation) et dans une savane représentative de l'écosystème originel. Les stocks d'éléments biodisponibles dans les sols des 2 écosystèmes ont été quantifiés et les principaux flux d'éléments minéraux sous forme dissoute ont été mesurés pendant 3 années : apports atmosphériques, pluviolessivats, écoulements de troncs, ruissellements superficiels, transferts sous la litière et à la base des différents horizons pédologiques (jusqu'à 6 m de profondeur). Lors du brûlis de la savane, les restitutions au sol sous forme de cendres ainsi que les transferts dans l'atmosphère ont été quantifiés. La localisation spatiale des racines a également été étudiée dans la plantation ainsi que la dynamique d'incorporation des éléments dans la savane entre 2 brûlis annuels. L'étude de chronoséquences de peuplements couvrant l'ensemble de la rotation de futaie a permis d'aborder les dynamiques (i) d'incorporation d'éléments minéraux dans la biomasse, (ii) de retours au sol avec les litières, ainsi que (iii) de transferts internes dans les arbres.
Les résultats montrent que les cycles biogéochimiques dans l'écosystème de savane ont été profondément modifiés par la plantation d'eucalyptus. Le cycle de l'azote a été le plus affecté en raison de l'arrêt des brûlis et de la fixation symbiotique, qui représentent des flux importants en savane. Ce clone d'eucalyptus s'est révélé très bien adapté malgré la pauvreté des sols, en raison en particulier d'un recyclage intense d'éléments nutritifs. Les transferts internes de N, P, K dans la biomasse et les restitutions importantes de N, Ca et Mg avec les litières permettent de limiter la dépendance des arbres vis à vis des réserves du sol en fin de rotation. Les bilans entrées-sorties indiquent néanmoins que les fortes productions de biomasse des eucalyptus ont lieu aux dépens du capital d'azote hérité de la savane et qu'une augmentation importante des apports par fertilisation sera indispensable pour maintenir la production. Des recommandations sylvicoles ont été proposées afin de limiter au maximum les exportations minérales et orienter les futures expérimentations.
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Ambrose, Fossoh Fonge. "Plantations and national development : a case study of plantation agriculture in the socio-economic and spatial development of the S.W. Province of Cameroon." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63334.
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Kempadoo, Roshini. "Creole in the archive : Imaginery, presence, and location of the plantation worker of two plantations, nearby villages and towns in Trinidad(1838-1938)." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.498379.
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Padula, Katherine M. "Re-Placing the Plantation Landscape at Yulee’s Margarita Plantation." Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7072.
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U.S. Senator David Levy Yulee’s Margarita sugar plantation flourished from 1851 to 1864 in Homosassa, Citrus County, Florida. The plantation was abandoned in 1864 and memory of its precise location slowly faded, as the physical evidence of its existence deteriorated. Today, the only plantation structure known to be still standing is the sugar mill, preserved as part of the Yulee Sugar Mill Ruins Historic State Park (CI124B). The remainder of the plantation, including its boundaries, remains unknown. Perhaps at least partly owing to this absence, the mill’s interpretive signage provides an unfortunate univocal historical interpretation of the site and lacking in both acknowledgement and understanding of the experiences of the enslaved laborers who lived at Margarita.
This thesis research uses archaeological reconnaissance survey and historical research in an attempt to locate the slave quarters in order to shed light on the power structures that existed between planter and enslaved laborer at Margarita. Shovel tests on state, county, and private land surrounding the mill identified two new archaeological sites, including possible remnants of an additional plantation structure, and ruled out for several locations as the site of the former slave quarters. Historical research uncovered additional information about the names of the enslaved laborers and provided more insight into their experiences on the plantation. This work culminates with suggestions for updated State Park interpretive signage, and suggestions for future work.
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Ozanne, Claire Margaret Philippa. "The arthropod fauna of coniferous plantations." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303621.
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Simmons, Eunice Angela. "The ground flora of conifer-broadleaf plantations." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338149.
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Norton, Kimberly C. "The interpretation of Comingtee Plantation." Connect to this title online, 2007. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1181252199/.
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Spriggs, AC, and FD Dakora. "Field assessment of symbiotic N2 fixation in wild and cultivated Cyclopia species in the South African fynbos by 15N natural abundance." Oxford University Press, 2009. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1000376.
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Nitrogen (N) derived from symbiotic fixation
of atmospheric N2 in wild and cultivated populations of
Cyclopia, a woody endemic genus used to make honeybush
tea in the Western Cape of South Africa, was quantified by
the 15N natural abundance method. Because Cyclopia
species are naturally mycorrhizal, non-N2-fixing arbuscular
mycorrhizal shrubs of similar phenology to Cyclopia
were chosen as reference plants to provide the d15Nvalue of
soil-derived N. Isotopic analysis showed that wild populations
of Cyclopia were highly dependent on N2 fixation
for theirNnutrition, ranging from 70 ± 4%to 100 ± 7%
(mean ± SE) at all sites, except for one. Further evidence
of the high dependency of wild Cyclopia populations on
symbiotic N was provided by their significantly higher
foliar N concentrations compared with the non-legume
reference plants. However, cultivated Cyclopia exhibited
variable amounts of N2 fixation, with Cyclopia genistoides
(L.) R. Br., for example, showing low amounts of N2
fixation at Sites P2 and P3 (0 ± 51% and 8 ± 46%,
respectively) as a result of low D values (D is defined as the
difference between the mean d15N value of the reference
plants and the B value of the test Cyclopia species, where B
is the d15N of an inoculated test legume grown in an N-free
growth medium), whereas at Sites P1, P2, P5 and P6, up to
89 ± 2%, 94 ± 13%, 85 ± 13% and 100 ± 18%,
respectively, plant N was derived from atmospheric fixation.
The high symbiotic N nutrition observed for wild
populations of Cyclopia suggests that these populations
are major contributors to the N economy of the nutrientpoor
soils of the South African fynbos. These data
indicate that by breeding for high N2 fixation rates in
Cyclopia cultivars and selecting more efficient rhizobial
strains, this legume has the potential to achieve higher N2
fixation rates under cultivation. The low variability in
Cyclopia d15N values within sites, however, suggests that
genetic variability is not a major factor influencing N2
fixation rates in cultivated Cyclopia, and thatmore benefit
may be gained from soil amelioration and the selection of improved rhizobial strains
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Geiger, Mark W. "Missouri's hidden Civil War financial conspiracy and the decline of the planter elite, 1861-1865 /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4423.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on July 18, 2008) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Ladhams, John. "The formation of Portuguese plantation Creoles." Thesis, University of Westminster, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.433717.
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Sioh, Maureen Kim Lian. "Fractured reflections : rainforests, plantations and the Malaysian nation-state." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0018/NQ48715.pdf.
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Compton, Cynthia Woolley. "The Making of the Ahupuaa of Laie into a Gathering Place and Plantation: The Creation of an Alternative Space to Capitalism." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2005. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1151.pdf.
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Veale, Lucy. "An historical geography of the Nilgiri cinchona plantations, 1860-1900." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2010. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13041/.
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In 1859, the British government launched an expedition to South America with the aim of collecting seeds and plants of the quinine-producing cinchona tree for establishing plantations in British India, so as to relieve the British Government of the escalating costs and uncertainties in the supply of this valuable, and increasingly popular anti-malarial drug. Drawing on recent work on the commodities of empire, tropical acclimatization, and imperial medicine, this thesis provides a detailed study of the first British cinchona plantations established on the Nilgiri Hills of Southern India. Focused on the period between 1860 and 1900, and at the local geographic scale, the research critically examines the engagement and connections between government officials, planters, venture capitalists, labourers, plant material and ideas in the context of the cinchona plantations through a thorough study of archival and secondary sources. Contributions are also made to the study of the spaces of science and the management of the tropical environment. Cinchona is placed in a wider context of the history of botany and plantations in the Nilgiri region, and the major events in the development of cinchona plantations described. In the resulting historical geography the Nilgiri cinchona plantations emerge as a 'nodal' point in the global cinchona network that also relied upon global networks of imperial power, capital and leisure tourism. The experiment was essentially an exertion of power but one that also demonstrated the very vulnerable nature of the empire.
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Van, der Sijde J. H. R. (Jan Herman Robert). "The assessment of fire history in plantations of Mpumalanga North." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53616.
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Thesis (MScFor) -- Stellenbosch University, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Fire is a threat to all forest plantations. As a result, growers are forced to take active measures to reduce the incidence and extent of fires in their plantations. This thesis is an attempt to collate 846 fire records for eight Komatiland Forests (KLF) plantations in Mpumalanga North for the period 1950 to 1999. Up to now, these reports and the information therein, were not utilised by KLF for planning or for evaluating fire management practices. The only other studies in South Africa, using similar data, were conducted by LeRoux (1988) and Kromhout (1990). A brief background of the forestry industry in South Africa, and in particular Mpumalanga is presented. The main text of the report covers a presentation on fire causes, extent of damage (both in area and in Rand value) and various aspects related to time of ignition and response times. A detailed analysis was done to identify possible relationships between the variables related to compartment, climate and different fire suppression activities. A cause and frequency prediction model was developed that will assist fi re managers in identifying and determining probabilities of fires per cause. Statistical guidelines regarding the planning of fire management around fires caused by honey hunters, lightning, work-related factors, and the activities of people (public, own labour, contractors) are presented. Conclusions were drawn from the results of the analyses of the fire data, which covered a period of 47 years. Recommendations regarding guidelines for strategic fi re management for the Mpumalanga North plantations were made. The main conclusions are: • Statistics on previous fires are very useful in fire management planning as it supplies valuable information on fire causes, time of ignition , past performance related to response times, fire fighting times and damaged caused. • • • • The average area lost due to fires in the study area is 209.9 ha or 0.43% of the plantation area per annum. People-related fires (arson, smokers, picnickers, children and neighbours) caused most of the wild fires (48%), followed by lightning (22%). Some plantations performed poorly, with the occurrence of up to double the number of fires per 1 000 ha of plantation compared to other plantations in the same geographic area. There are definite patterns in the frequency of fires per cause with month of the year. These patterns are valuable for the development of strategies to manage fires caused by honey hunters, lightning fires and work-related fires.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Brande is 'n bedreiging vir aile bosbou plantasies. Dit is dus noodsaaklik dat kwekers maatreeHs tref om die voorkoms en omvang van brande in plantasies te beperk. Hierdie tesis poog om 846 vuurverslae se inligting te ontleed ten opsigte van agt Komatiland Forests (KLF) plantasies in Mpumalanga Noord vir die tydperk 1950 tot 1999. Tot op hede is min van die inligting wat in die verslae vervat is deur KLF vir beplanning- en evalueringsdoeleindes ten opsigte van brandbestuur gebruik. Die enigste soortgelyke studies wat op brandverslagdata in Suid-Afrika gedoen is, is gedoen deur Le Roux (1988) en Kromhout (1990). 'n Kort agtergrond oor die bosbouindustrie in Suid-Afrika en spesifiek Mpumalanga word gegee. Die tesis gee 'n oorsig oor brandoorsake, skade wat deur brande veroorsaak word (oppervlakte sowel as finansieHe waarde) en verskeie aspekte rakende brandbestuur soos tyd van ontstaan en reaksietye. Data is volledig ontleed om moontlike verwantskappe te probeer vind tussen vak-, klimaat- en brandbestuursveranderlikes. 'n Oorsaak- en frekwensievoorspellingsmodel is ontwikkel wat brandbestuurders sal help om waarskynlikhede van brande per oorsaak te identifiseer. Statistiese riglyne ten opsigte van bestuursbeplanning vir weerligvure, brande deur heuninguithalers, brande as gevolg van plantasiewerksaamhede en ook brande deur mense (publiek, eie arbeid en kontrakteurs) is daargestel. Brandrekords wat oor 'n periode van 47 jaar gestrek het, is ontleed. Afleidings wat uit die resultate gemaak is, kan benut word om riglyne daar te stel vir strategiese brandbestuur in Mpumalanga Noord plantasies. Die hoof gevolgtrekkings is: • Statistiek van vorige vure is baie nuttig in brandbestuursbeplanning aangesien dit waardevolle inligting verskaf oor brand oorsake, tyd van ontstaan, historiese werkverrigting rakende reaksietye en blustye, sowel as skade wat veroorsaak is. Die gemiddelde oppervlakte beskadig in die studie area is 209.9 ha, of 0.43% van die plantasie oppervlakte per jaar. Menslike aktiwiteite (brandstigting, rakers, piekniekvure, kinders en vure van bure) het die meeste brande veroorsaak (48%), gevolg deur weerlig (22%). Sommige plantasies het swak gevaar en het tot soveel as dubbel die aantal vure per 1 000 ha plantasie gehad in vergelyking met ander plantasies in dieselfde geografiese gebied. Daar is duidelike patrone gevind in die frekwensie van brande per oorsaak oor maande van die jaar. Hierdie patrone is nuttig vir die ontwikkeling van bestuurstrategie vir brande wat veroorsaak word deur heuningversamelaars, weerlig en werkverwante aktiwiteite (plantasieaktiwiteite).
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Nelson, Kristen Marie. "EVALUATING THE MYTH OF ALLELOPATHY IN CALIFORNIA BLUE GUM PLANTATIONS." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2016. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1643.
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It is widely accepted that allelopathy is not only significant, but more or less singular, in the inhibition of understory vegetation in California Eucalyptus globulus (blue gum) plantations. However, there is no published documentation of allelopathy by blue gums against California native species. Here, we present evidence that germination and early seedling growth of five California native species are not inhibited by chemical extracts of blue gum foliage, either at naturally-occurring or artificially concentrated levels. In the greenhouse, seeds were germinated in field-collected soil from mature blue gum plantations and the adjacent native, coastal scrub communities. In petri plates, seeds of native species were germinated in the presence of concentrated volatile and water-soluble compounds from fresh foliage of blue gum, coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia) as a negative control, or white sage (Salvia apiana) as a positive control, or in a water control. In the greenhouse, blue gum soil supported germination and early seedling growth of native species equal to or better than coastal scrub soil. In the lab, germination of native species was not inhibited when grown in the presence of volatile compounds from blue gum foliage, compared to the native control (coast live oak) or the neutral water control. Germination of three out of five native species tested was not inhibited in the presence of water-soluble compounds from blue gum foliage, compared to coast live oak or the water control. Our results contradict the long-standing paradigm that blue gums are toxic to California natives, which may have significant implications for management and restoration of land historically occupied by blue gum plantations.
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De, Beer Margareta Caterine. "Thes-economic impact of the phasing out of plantations in the Western and Southern Cape regions of South Africa : a case study of three plantations." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20328.
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Thesis (MScFor)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study sought to determine the possible socio-economic impacts of the phasing out of nearly 22 500 ha of plantations within the Southern and Western Cape regions of South Africa as a result of a decision made by Government in September 2000. None of the previous studies undertaken focussed on the socio-economic impacts within the specific regions and plantations, but were based on wider environmental and economic considerations. Data was collected in 2007 from three plantations managed by Mountain to Ocean Forestry (MTO) (PTY) LTD: one located in Grabouw (Western Cape) and two in George (Southern Cape), among three different plantation stakeholder groups. These three groups were: (i) Forest Dependent Communities, (ii) Stakeholders among the forestry value chain and (iii) Indirect stakeholders. Within the first group, a total of 70 persons representing households were interviewed. A total of 26 primary and secondary processing company respondents were interviewed. Information on all of the indirect stakeholder groups was gathered, either through interviews with the stakeholders or from data received from MTO. This study indicated that there are significant differences between the potential impacts within the Southern Cape and Western Cape regions. The data collected showed that among communities within the Western Cape, the dependency on the plantations in terms of employment, income and fuelwood is low. This is in stark contrast to the communities within the Southern Cape, who are dependent on the plantations for their employment and income, and as a result will be affected greatly by the phasing out process. Company respondents in the Western Cape were less concerned than their Southern Cape counterparts about the future decrease in timber supply and indicated that they will source timber from elsewhere, whereas companies within the Southern Cape indicated that they would likely have to shut down. The dependency of indirect stakeholders on the plantations to be phased out, and the resulting impact was found to be minimal. The study concluded with an evaluation of an existing nine step plan for the implementation of social and economic actions within natural resource planning. Three main aspects were identified that need to be addressed namely: (i) To increase public awareness and participation among communities and companies to be impacted on by the phasing out process, (ii) Provide necessary training and thus increased skills level of workers who face unemployment; and (iii) The identification of alternative employment opportunities for the unemployed affected by the phasing out process.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie het die potensiële sosio-ekonomiese impak van die uitfasering van plantasies in die Suid- en Wes-Kaap gebiede van Suid-Afrika ondersoek. Die besluit om 22 500 ha plantasies uit te faseer is in September 2000 deur die Suid-Afrikaanse Regering geneem. Geen vorige studies wat onderneem is het gefokus op die moontlike sosio-ekonomiese impakte in die spesifieke gebiede en plantasies nie, maar was gebaseer op groter omgewings- en ekonomiese oorwegings. Data insameling het in 2007 geskied in drie Mountain to Ocean Forestry (MTO) plantasies: een geleë in Grabouw (Wes-Kaap) en twee in George (Suid-Kaap), en onder drie verskillende plantasie belangegroepe. Hierdie drie groepe was (i) Gemeenskappe afhanklik van plantasies; (ii) Belangegroepe in die Bosbou-waardeketting en; (iii) Indirekte belangegroepe. ‘n Totaal van 70 huishoudings in die eerste groep is ondervra, en 26 primêre en sekondêre verwerkingsmaatskappye in die tweede groep is ondervra. Inligting oor al die indirekte belangegroepe is ingesamel, hetsy deur middel van onderhoude of deur data wat van MTO ontvang is. Die studie het aangedui dat daar betekenisvolle verskille tussen die potensiële impakte binne die Suid-Kaap en Wes-Kaap streke bestaan. Die versamelde data het getoon dat die afhanklikheid van gemeenskappe in die Wes-Kaap op die plantasies in terme van werk, inkomste en brandhout laag is. Dit is in skrille kontras met die gemeenskappe in die Suid-Kaap, wat afhanklik is van die plantasies vir hul werk en inkomste, en as gevolg daarvan grootliks geraak sal word deur die uitfasering proses. Maatskappy respondente in die Wes-Kaap was minder bekommerd as hulle eweknieë in die Suid- Kaap oor die toekomstige afname in die saaghoutvoorraad en het aangedui dat hulle saaghout van elders sal bekom, terwyl maatskappy respondente in die Suid-Kaap aangedui het dat hulle waarskynlik hul deure sal moet sluit. Die afhanklikheid van indirekte belanghebbendes op die plantasies wat uitgefaseer word, en die gevolglike impak blyk minimaal te wees. Die studie is afgesluit met 'n evaluering van ‘n bestaande nege stap plan vir die implementering van maatskaplike en ekonomiese kwessies in natuurlike hulpbron beplanning. Die drie belangrikste aspekte is geïdentifiseer wat aangespreek moet word naamlik: (i) Die verhoging van openbare bewustheid van en deelname tussen gemeenskappe en maatskappye wat deur die uitfasering proses geraak sal word, (ii) Die verskaffing van nodige opleiding en dus die verhoging van die vaardighede van werkers wat werkloosheid in die gesig staan; en (iii) Die identifisering van alternatiewe werksgeleenthede vir die werkloses wat deur die uitfasering proses geraak sal word.
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Cuthbertson, Thomas John. "A Confluence of Cultures: Complicating The Interpretation of 17th Century Plantation Archaeology using Data from Rich Neck Plantation." W&M ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1477068099.
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Though there is no shortage of 17th century plantation sites in the Chesapeake archaeology enslaved African populations is incipient, but not yetflourishing. This may be a reflection of the result of those communities’ underrepresentation in the archaeological and documentary records from that time period. Detailed analysis of archaeological sites where Africans were present can reveal the material residues of their lives, even when this material culture is inundated by European materials. This thesis marshals archaeological, historiographic, and ethnohistorical data to use the excavations at the Rich Neck Plantation as a window into the diversity of the 17th century Atlantic world. An interpretation that highlights the composite nature of captive African communities is produced and juxtaposed against interpretations of the same archaeological artifacts and features through the landscape features and material culture of the English land owners. Tandem analysis of the archaeological record through the perspectives of these groups provides insight into the ways their perceptions of their surroundings overlapped and diverged.
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Ferreira, C. A. "Nutritional aspects of the management of Eucalyptus plantations on poor sandy soils of the Brazilian cerrado region." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.253387.
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Cowan, William Tynes. "The slave in the swamp: Disrupting the plantation narrative." W&M ScholarWorks, 2001. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539623375.
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In nineteenth-century plantation literature, the runaway slave in the swamp was a recurrent "bogeyman" whose presence challenged myths of the plantation system. By escaping to the swamps, the runaway, or "maroon," gained an invisibility that was more threatening to the institution than open conflict. The chattel system was dependent upon an exercise of will upon the body of the enslaved, but slaves who asserted control over their bodies, by removing them to the swamps, claimed definition over the Self. In part, the proslavery plantation novel served to transform that image of the maroon from its untouchable, abstract state to a form that could be possessed, understood, and controlled. In other words, writers defending slavery would often conjure forth the rebellious image in order to dispel it safely.;This project contextualizes some of the major works in the plantation genre by revealing the dialectical processes involved in their creation. For example, one section gives special attention to the cultural milieu of the 1850s surrounding Harriet Beecher Stowe's second anti-slavery novels, Dred: A Tale of the Great Dismal Swamp. Other primary works include Thomas Nelson Page's "No Haid Pawn" and John Pendleton Kennedy's Swallow Barn, arguably the first novel of the plantation genre. Contexts for these works are comprised of other "literary" works such as plantation romances and slave narratives. But the project also seeks to understand the signifying power of the maroon through the testimonies of former slaves, newspaper representations of African Americans, plantation rituals and daily interactions between black and white, and folklore of former slaves as it was collected (and conceived) by postbellum whites.;Despite the common occurrence of pillory scenes at the conclusion of maroon tales, this project shows that the final signifying power of the maroon was not of the law writ large upon his body; rather, the maroon survived as legend, as an invisible presence just beyond white control.
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Kershaw, David. "The biodiversity of plantation forestry in Northern Ireland." Thesis, University of Ulster, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.274560.
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Faverty, Brenda Lee. "Honor and Gender in the Antebellum Plantation South." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1302278175.
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Weissman-Galler, Nancy. "Scarlett's Sisters: The Privileged Negotiations of Plantation Women." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1374238688.
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Atkinson, Beth. "The restoration of native woodland from plantations on ancient woodland sites." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.649364.
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Restoring plantations on ancient woodland sites (PAWS) IS an important part of British forestry and conservation policy. Guidelines recommend the gradual removal of planted trees over clearfelling. However, this advice has not been thoroughly tested. My first study tests the assumptions that clearfelling is detrimental to woodland and shade tolerant plant species, and favours competitive species. I surveyed the ground flora of native woodlands, PAWS, clearfelled PAWS and PAWS plots where the planted trees are being gradually removed via regular thinning. Although clearfelled plots had a greater competitive-signature and more light demanding species in the ground flora, there were no differences in shade tolerant or woodland species richness between plot types. My second study investigated the leaf-miner communities. It is often assumed during restoration that as plant species richness increases the species richness of invertebrate herbivores will also increase. Whilst this was the case on PAWS plots undergoing gradual removal of planted trees it was not true on clearfelled plots. The two restoration methods therefore have different effects on the leaf-miner community. Finally I sampled Diptera and Coleoptera carrion and dung decomposers. The overall abundance of these decomposers did not differ between plot types. However, clearfelled plots had a smaller biomass of beetles and a lower abundance of the dominant, and functionally unique beetle, Anoplotrupes stercorosus. There may therefore be consequences of clearfelling for the function of decomposition. I conclude that it is essential to test restoration advice and to monitor a range of taxa, not just plants, throughout restoration. It is vital to do this when undertaking ecological restoration in order that informed management decisions can be made.
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Burkhalter, John Curtis. "Arthropod Biodiversity in Response to the Restoration of Former Pine Plantations." UNF Digital Commons, 2010. http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/368.
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The goal of ecological restoration is to return degraded or altered ecosystems to their pre-disturbed state with respect to ecosystem structure, function, and composition. In the current study the research objective was to reestablish high levels of biodiversity on two restored pine plantations as well as restore a native pine flatwoods ecosystem. Managed, even-aged pine flatwoods are now the most extensive ecosystem in North Florida, comprising approximately 70% of the forested landscape. Slash pine trees were thinned in the experimental plots to restore the natural slash pine density of native ecosystems. In addition to the thinning treatments, experimental plots have been clear-cut and all vegetation removed from the plots. Arthropods were sampled by employing pitfall traps, sticky traps and sweep netting. This study assesseed the success of the restoration techniques employed by looking at biodiversity with a fine-resolution, taxonomically narrow approach by identifying the arthropods down to the taxonomic level of family and determining the number of morphospecies. Species were also subdivided into functional groups based upon the ecosystem services that they provide and their trophic level. Analyses revealed that arthropod species and guild diversity was not significantly affected by treatments in both 2008 and 2009. The experimental treatments were able to recover to pre-disturbance levels after two years following restoration. This indicates that these arthropod communities are fairly resilient and are able to recover fairly quickly following perturbation. Interestingly, community similarity measures revealed that although the experimental treatments were no more diverse than control plots the community species composition was fairly dissimilar between treatments, with plots becoming more dissimilar from 2008 to 2009. More long term data should reveal if these plots are proceeding along different successional trajectories in terms of community species composition and also will allow us to gain more insight into the long term effect of the treatments on biodiversity.
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Bacon, Catherine G. "Interspecific competition in young loblolly pine plantations on the Virginia Piedmont." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49979.
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Montague, Thomas L. "The management of browsing damage caused by wallabies in Australian plantations." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670283.
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Smith, Lauren. "The Politics of the Visitor Experience: Remembering Slavery at Museums and Plantations." Ohio University Art and Sciences Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouashonors1587733890900649.
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McLoone, Jr Robert Bruce. "The enchanted plantation: literature, speculation, and the credit economy in Virginia, 1688-1754”." Diss., University of Iowa, 2013. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6800.
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"The Enchanted Plantation: Literature, Speculation, and the Credit Economy in Virginia, 1688-1754" examines the beginnings of a regionally-based literary culture in colonial Virginia and focuses specifically on texts that either originate from, or have close ties to, the colony's political and administrative capital at Williamsburg. The dissertation argues that literary practices and literary production in Virginia at this time were crucial to the imagination and material construction of Virginia's unevenly-developed plantation landscape, specifically as this plantation landscape arose within the new speculative and financial markets of the early eighteenth century. Individual chapters demonstrate how reading, writing, and publishing--practices that enabled, and were enabled by, a transatlantic empire built upon speculation and credit--were increasingly tied to land speculation and a managerial ethos of plantation administration. While surveying and bringing to light the many genres and writers associated with Virginia and its capital during this period (including financial literature by government officials, public oratory and ballads in Williamsburg, quitrent poetry, the periodical culture of the Virginia Gazette, and William Byrd II's historical narratives), the dissertation analyzes how Virginia's early literary culture assisted in both creating and managing the Virginia plantation as a slave society, a colonial contact zone, and a scene of financial investment.
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Vezeau, Susan Lynn. "The Mepkin Abbey shipwreck: diving into Mepkin Plantation's past." Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1215.
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When discovered by sport divers in 1970, the Mepkin Abbey shipwreck was immediately reported to the South Carolina Institute of Archaeology and Anthropology (SCIAA). The wreck was first investigated in 1980, and a preliminary report was published in 1981. The shipwreck is now part of 'The Cooper River Underwater Heritage Trail,' established in 1998. SCIAA archaeologists theorized that the wreck was the sloop Baker, owned in the late 1700s by American patriot and Mepkin Plantation owner Henry Laurens.
This thesis includes a description of the field research, drawings of the vessel, a scantling list, and a discussion of the artifacts recovered from the site which provided clues dating the vessel to the second quarter of the 19th century. The historical background of Mepkin Plantation is described, with a focus on how the craft may have been utilized. Finally, the thesis compares the wreck with other documented vessels from the same region and period, specifically: the Brown's Ferry vessel, Clydesdale Plantation sloop, and Malcolm boat.
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Gallagher, Thomas V. "Assessing the Cost and Operational Feasibility of "Green" Hardwood Winter Inventory for Southeastern Pulp Mills." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27918.
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Procuring hardwood pulpwood during the winter months for a pulp mill in the Southeast can be difficult. Saturated soils and low soil strength make logging difficult or impossible on many sites, forcing companies to store large volumes of hardwood pulpwood in woodyards for retrieval during wet weather. Hardwood fiber readily available in large volumes on ground that is operable during wet periods at a location near the pulp mill could provide a valuable alternative wood source. Thus, the objectives of this study are to 1) develop a decision model for a manager to use to determine the feasibility of strategically located, intensively-managed, short-rotation hardwood fiber farms as pulp mill furnish, 2) use the model to estimate wood costs for a hypothetical eastern cottonwood plantation, and 3) use the model to determine if a fiber farm grown on drier, upland sites (â greenâ inventory) could be used to reduce woodyard winter inventories and economically supply a nearby pulp mill during a wood shortage, thus reducing high cost, emergency â spot marketâ wood purchases. The decision model is incorporated in a spreadsheet and includes all the costs typical for a fiber farm. The model is tested using current establishment and management costs from the literature and yields from an experimental fiber farm in the southeast. Under current yields, delivered costs from the fiber farm averages $71/ton. With potential increased yields that could occur with genetic improvements and operational optimizations, delivered cost for fiber farm wood could be reduced to $56/ton. In comparison, the highest cost wood purchased by the three cooperating pulp mills during the study period was $50.23/ton. The net present values of a fiber farm as â greenâ inventory were determined using actual wood cost and inventory levels from three cooperating southeastern pulp mills. For the â greenâ inventory analysis, all three pulp mills would have lowered their overall wood cost using a fiber farm (with higher yield) as â greenâ inventory, primarily by reducing the amount of wood required as dry inventory on woodyards. Savings accrued during â dryâ years offset the higher cost of hardwood plantation deliveries. A sensitivity analysis was performed to determine the optimal size fiber farm for one of the cooperating pulp mills and indicated that 800 acres would be the most beneficial.Ph. D.
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Stubbs, Tristan Michael Cormac. "The plantation overseers of eighteenth-century Virginia, South Carolina and Georgia." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608227.
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Dickman, Michael. "Honor, Control, and Powerlessness: Plantation Whipping in the Antebellum South." Thesis, Boston College, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:104219.
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Thesis advisor: Cynthia LyerlyThis thesis analyzes the practice of whipping during the antebellum South from the perspective of both masters and slaves in an attempt to better understand the brutal form of punishment that served as the physical manifestation of the oppressive nature of American slavery. It examines the distinctive culture of honor to reveal how a rigid divide came to be established and fortified along racial lines. Masters are men who desired to uphold the superior position they held in relation to their slaves, using the whip to enforce order and control. Meanwhile, slaves experienced a deep sense of powerlessness as a result of the practice but examples of aggressive resistance to their masters are present. This thesis seeks to shed light on one of the darkest chapters of American history
Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2015
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Departmental Honors
Discipline: History
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Ranasinghe, Seuwandhi Buddhika. "Management control, gender and postcolonialism : the case of Sri Lankan tea plantations." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2017. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/8597/.
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Management accounting and control research in developing countries has neglected gender issues. Focusing on management controls over marginalised female workers in Sri Lankan tea plantations, this thesis tries to fill this gap. It takes a postcolonial feminist perspective to theorise ethnographic accounts of mundane controls. The findings illustrate that there are 'embedded‘ controls through colonial and postcolonial legacies, which made the female workers 'double colonised‘. The notion of subalternity captures these repressive forms of controls in their work as tea pluckers. However, postcolonial transformations created a space for resistance against these controls. This shaped a subaltern agency and emancipation and gave rise to a more enabling form of postcolonial management control. The thesis contributes to debates in postcolonial feminist studies in organisations and management control research in general, and management control research in developing countries, in particular.
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Kelley, Sean Michael. "Plantation frontiers : race, ethnicity, and family along the Brazos River of Texas, 1821-1886 /." Digital version accessible at:, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Fletcher, Donald George. "The viability of energy plantations in Thailand : an energy system approach using alternative conversion pathways." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.236249.
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Britton, Richard John. "Effects of defoliation by Neodiprion sertifer (Geoff.) on the growth of young crops of Pinus contorta Dougl." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/16943.
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Gordillo, Gaston Rafael. "The bush, the plantations, and the devils, culture and historical experience in the Argentinean Chaco." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ41162.pdf.
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Carlson, Dietmeier Jenna Kay. "Beyond The Butcher's Block: The Animal Landscapes of Eighteenth-Century Chesapeake and Lowcountry Plantations." W&M ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1499450050.
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This dissertation argues that working oxen, horses, and mules contributed to the physical and social landscapes of eighteenth-century plantations in the Chesapeake and the Lowcountry. This research embraces an animal landscape approach, exploring how humans and animals were both active agents in shaping animal husbandry strategies, social interactions, and power negotiations on plantations. This exploration utilized archaeological and historical sources, predominately faunal assemblages from Oxon Hill Manor, Maryland, Mount Vernon, Virginia, Drayton Hall, South Carolina, and Stobo Plantation, South Carolina; articulated equine skeletons from Jamestown Island, Virginia, and Yorktown, Virginia; and probate inventories from plantations within the eighteenth-century Upper Chesapeake and Lowcountry. Working oxen and equines were identified from the archaeological record through pathological and osteometric analyses. Probate inventories supplied complementary information on the number of working oxen and equines in each region and the types of labors these animals performed. In the eighteenth-century Chesapeake, laboring oxen and equines were essential to the plowing and carting required by the shift from tobacco to mixed grain production. Working livestock were husbanded in a manner which relied on producing excess grains which could then be fed to the livestock. In the eighteenth-century Lowcountry, oxen were used sporadically throughout the region to ready fields or to cart products. Horses in the Lowcountry were essential to personal transportation, as many wealthy planters frequently travelled between their multiple estates. Compared to the Chesapeake, livestock in the Lowcountry was husbanded in a more passive manner; working animals were corralled while some of the non-working livestock ranged freely in the woodlands in their natural herd structures. In both regions, interactions between humans and animals combined with the physicality of the plantations to create landscapes of domination and resistance. In the Chesapeake, planters depended on working livestock to increase their wealth and to symbolize that wealth to others. In the Lowcountry, livestock represented large landholdings, and planters used horses to symbolize their mobility and active involvement in those landholdings. In both regions, enslaved laborers relied on working livestock to increase their mobility and their standing within the enslaved community. Additionally, enslaved individuals worked with animals to subvert the social order of the day through active and passive revolt. Rather than being static members in the background of human activity, working oxen and equines actively contributed to the economic, cultural, and social spheres of eighteenth-century plantation life.
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Joyner, Stefanie L. "Slave housing patterns within the plantation landscape of coastal Georgia." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0000714.
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Boldt, Janine Yorimoto. "The Art of Plantation Authority: Domestic Portraiture in Colonial Virginia." W&M ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1530192717.
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This dissertation critically examines the political and social significance of colonial portraiture by focusing on domestic portraits commissioned for Virginians between the mid-seventeenth century and 1775. Portraiture was a site where colonial and imperial identity was negotiated and expressed. Portraits also supported the construction of social relationships through the acts of representation, erasure, and reception. Chapter one focuses on portraits painted in England for Virginians before ca. 1735 and the use of English portrait conventions to suit the political needs of colonists and to express visions of themselves as agents of empire. This chapter reveals some of the ways Virginians used portraits to engage in transatlantic politics and social networks. Chapter two uncovers the regional preferences for expressing elite, community values centered around gender and family before 1770 in portraits of men, women, and children. It argues that portrait collections had dynastic purposes and visualized women as sexual beings and men as masters over colonial and female nature. Chapter three discusses the influence that enslaved Africans had on portraits of Virginians throughout the colonial period. It argues that the physical presence of enslaved people as audiences caused colonists to erase them from portraiture in order to construct and enforce a plantation complex system of visuality. Planters also disavowed the realities of slavery to emphasize their British civility. The last chapter uncovers the rapid changes in portraiture in the 1770s as colonists and artists confronted imperial crises and responded in diverse ways. The fracturing of gentry planter cohesion and the greater availability of artists changed portraiture in the colony. Virginians left behind the conventionalized nature of portraiture from earlier decades and many began including messages of resistance to imperial policy and partaking in pan-colonial modes of representation. This dissertation combines archival research with visual analysis to shed light on portraiture from a region typically overlooked by art historians. By focusing on a specific region over a long period of time, this project emphasizes the varied and important roles that portraits played in shaping colonial culture and society.
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Clough, Edward. "Building Yoknapatawpha : reading space and the plantation in William Faulkner." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2014. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/48770/.
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This thesis is about the Southern plantation in Faulkner’s Yoknapatawpha fiction: how it is represented and constructed, how it is narratively articulated and experienced as both space and symbol. But as its full title suggests, Building Yoknapatawpha is equally about narrative structures and spaces too: about how Yoknapatawpha textually fits together; about how this spreading oeuvre was constructed by Faulkner and how it may equally be reconstructed by the reader. It is about both the reading of space and the space of reading – about how the architectural spaces and social order of the Southern plantation and the narrative structures of the novel inform, complement, and challenge one another, and how their affinity may ultimately be used to generate a new “spatialized” model of literary reading. Foregrounding tensions between narrative “details” and “design” and conceptions of “ruin” and “restoration”, this thesis explores how Faulkner’s Yoknapatawpha novels function simultaneously as “open” and “closed”. It considers how Absalom, Absalom! (1936) attempts to recuperate the repressed historical connections present in Flags in the Dust (1929), only to erase them once more through death, destruction, and narrative closure. It considers how Go Down, Moses (1942) offers models of black domesticity that resist the oppressions of segregation and lynching – but which are dispersed through black diaspora and narrative exclusion. It considers how The Mansion (1959) revises and integrates details from earlier Yoknapatawpha texts to create a richly layered textual space – but which is in constant tension with the process of the historical “whitening” of the Southern post-plantation landscape which it ultimately depicts. Building Yoknapatawpha concludes by attempting to resolve these tensions into a new model of literary reading: deconstructing Yoknapatawpha to reassemble it as a layered “mapping” of multiple parallel narrative paths and connective links, which resist the mastery – and erasure – imposed by linearity and closure.
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Dredge, Roselyn Ann. "Enhancing the saccharolytic phase of sugar beet pulp via hemicellulase synergy." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004014.
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The sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) plant has in recent years been added to the Biofuel Industrial Strategy (Department of Minerals and Energy, 2007) by the South African government as a crop grown for the production of bio-ethanol. Sugar beet is commonly grown in Europe for the production of sucrose and has recently been cultivated in Cradock and the surrounding areas (Engineering News, 2008). The biofuel industry usually ferments the sucrose with Saccharomyces cerevisiae to yield bio-ethanol. However, researchers are presented with a critical role to increase current yields as there are concerns over the process costs from industrial biotechnologists. The beet factories produce a pulp by-product removed of all sucrose. The hemicellulose-rich pulp can be degraded by microbial enzymes to simple sugars that can be subsequently fermented to bio-ethanol. Thus, the pulp represents a potential source for second generation biofuel. The process of utilising microbial hemicellulases requires an initial chemical pre-treatment step to delignify the sugar beet pulp (SBP). An alkaline pre-treatment with ‘slake lime’ (calcium hydroxide) was investigated using a 23 factorial design and the factors examined were: lime load; temperature and time. The analysed results showed the highest release of reducing sugars at the pre-treatment conditions of: 0.4 g lime / g SBP; 40°C and 36 hours. A partial characterisation of the Clostridium cellulovorans hemicellulases was carried out to verify the optimal activity conditions stated in literature. The highest release of reducing sugars was measured at pH 6.5 – 7.0 and at 45°C for arabinofuranosidase A (ArfA); at pH 5.5 and 40°C for mannanase A (ManA) and pH 5.0 – 6.0 and 45°C for xylanase A (XynA). Temperature studies showed that a complete loss of enzymatic activity occurred after 11 hours for ManA; and 84-96 hours for ArfA. XynA was still active after 120 hours. The optimised lime pre-treated SBP was subsequently degraded using various combinations and percentages of C. cellulovorans ArfA, ManA and XynA to determine the maximal release of reducing sugars. Synergistically, the highest synergy was observed at 75% ArfA and 25% ManA, with a specific activity of 2.9 μmol/min/g protein. However, the highest release of sugars was observed at 4.2 μmol/min/g protein at 100% ArfA. This study has initiated the research within South Africa on SBP and its degradation by C. cellulovorans. Preliminary studies show that SBP has the potential to be utilised as a second generation biofuel source.
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McPherson, T. Scott. "Restoration of degraded soils under red pine plantations on the Oak Ridges Moraine." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0016/MQ53454.pdf.
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Warren-Thomas, Eleanor. "Rubber plantations in the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot : habitat loss, biodiversity and economics." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2017. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/66569/.
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Natural rubber is in high demand for the manufacture of tyres, and rubber plantations are expanding globally. Southeast Asia is the epicentre of rubber cultivation, where deforestation to make way for rubber has been occurring for decades. This process has caused substantial biodiversity loss and carbon emissions. Expansion has recently shifted northwards into mainland Southeast Asia (the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot) due to the development of hardier rubber varieties that can survive longer dry seasons and cooler climates. The northward shift has been exacerbated by replacement of rubber with oil palm further south. Profitability and extent of rubber are comparable to oil palm, but rubber has received far less attention and scrutiny from civil society. Future demand for natural rubber is predicted to require 4.3 – 8.5 million ha of additional plantation area by 2024, relative to a 2010 baseline. Profits accruing from logging and conversion of forest to rubber in Cambodia are shown to be very high. The carbon prices that would be needed for a REDD+ program in Indo- Burma to match costs of forest conservation where rubber is a threat, are $30 – 51 tCO2-1. These prices are far higher than those currently paid on carbon markets or through carbon funds, highlighting the importance of supply-chain initiatives, environmental governance and full valuation of ecosystem services for defending forests from conversion to rubber. Agroforestry methods for cultivating rubber in Thailand were found to produce yields comparable to monocultural methods, while providing modest benefits for bird and butterfly diversity. Agroforests did not support any species of conservation concern, and contiguous forests are irreplaceable for the conservation of forest biodiversity. Functional diversity of birds was found not to differ between rubber agroforests and monocultures, and species that feed primarily on nectar and fruit were extremely scarce in both types of rubber plantation.
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Boldor, Marius Ioan. "A field and simulation study of the initiation phase in Douglas-fir plantations." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31863.
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The stand initiation phase of stand dynamics has important implications for subsequent stand
development, yet it is generally not addressed in growth and yield models. Planted trees may or
may not grow as expected if there is significant recruitment of natural regeneration and/or herb
and shrub competition and if the interactions between the planted trees and other vegetation is
not managed. Two experiments initiated at Malcolm Knapp Research Forest (MKRF) in the
early 1980's were re-measured to produce extended data sets that describe stand development in
the face of invasion by non-crop trees and the competitive effects of shrubs. These data sets
were then used to test the predictive ability of the ecosystem management model FORECAST (a
stand level hybrid simulation model) to represent early stand development.
The Blaney Lake experiment was established to examine the vegetation development in a
chronosequence of young Douglas-fir plantations on four adjacent small clearcuts that
incorporated a local topographic sequence of soil moisture regimes - xeric, mesic and hygric.
The data showed that there is a relatively short temporal window (up to 10 years) for non-crop
tree recruitment, that this varies from year to year, and that the outcomes pose a difficulty for
predicting future stand development. The data also suggest that unmanaged recruitment may
invalidate early stand development predictions of models that ignore non-crop recruitment and
interactions with planted trees. FORECAST was capable to capture the effects of these complex
interactions.
The Vegetation Competition experiment was initiated to study the effect of different levels of
non-crop vegetation on growth of two conifer species and the results were compared with output
from FORECAST to assess its ability to represent the competitive interactions. Again, for most
of the variables FORECAST made predictions that mimicked the field data.
The results presented here provide evidence of the utility of the ecosystem model
FORECAST in projecting the development and growth of young conifer plantations in the
CWHdm biogeoclimatical subzone. This study increases confidence in the FORECAST model
for application in young stands. However, it must be emphasized again that the accuracy of
model performances will reflect the availability of appropriate calibration data sets.Forestry, Faculty of
Graduate
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Eluvathingal, Lilly M. "An Ecological Study of the Anurans in Tea Plantations in a Biodiversity Hotspot." FIU Digital Commons, 2016. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3029.
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Increasing human population size is increasing the demand for resources like timber, oil, tea, coffee, and other crops. Plantation crops mimic some aspects of native habitats, and there are studies that report the presence of some native anuran biodiversity in plantations. I focused on tea plantations in the Western Ghats-Sri Lanka Biodiversity Hotspot and studied the diversity and health of anurans in different habitats found within a tea cultivation area, near Munnar region in the Western Ghats, India. The landscape includes tea bushes, native evergreen shola forest patches, and eucalyptus forest stands. I reviewed 40 studies comparing amphibian species richness in plantations and primary forests. The age of the plantation, type of plantation, presence in a biodiversity hotspot, number of species in the dominant plantation type, number of species in the paired forest habitat, and latitudinal zone of the study, did not correlate with species richness, but plantations that had periodic harvesting had higher species richness than plantations that practiced clear-cut harvesting. I tested different methods of standard amphibian sampling in the field season 2012 in Munnar, and found that Visual Encounter Surveys (VES) in the shola habitat and Stream Transects (ST) were the most efficient. Using the VES and ST methods, I sampled amphibians in three upland habitats (tea, shola, and eucalyptus) at four different sites, and 150m of stream transects at each site, for two consecutive monsoon seasons. Fourteen species were encountered in both years and the community structure was similar across the years. The community structure at the four sites that was driven by the presence of exclusive species at each site and species composition in streams was similar across the landscape and was driven by the presence of similar species in streams across the four sites. Two hundred and sixteen anurans of 17 species, were tested for the presence of the lethal fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. The preliminary results from the Polymerase Chain Reactions were negative. My study provides baseline data for anuran diversity, composition, and health in the Munnar region of India and results of this project can be compared with tea plantations around the world.
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Rast, Michele D. "The fate of the Monarto plantations : an investigation of the suitability of aesthetic heritage agreements /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1985. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09arr229.pdf.
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