Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Plante médicinale'
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Amouzegh, Stéphane. "L'absinthe : plante médicinale et liqueur." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05P028.
Full textLin, Rui Chao. "Contribution à l'étude chimique et pharmacologique d'une plante médicinale chinoise : "Selaginella doederleinii" hieron." Paris 5, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA05P622.
Full textZheng, Yue. "Identification d'une plante médicinale africaine par le DNA barcoding et étude de composés à activité anti-HIV de cette plante." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAJ095/document.
Full textMy thesis project deals with the identification, by DNA barcoding, of an African medicinal plant and the study of anti-HIV compounds from this plant. A first analysis of the ITS2 marker sequence determined from DNA extracted from the wood suggested that the plant could belong to the Cassia or the related Senna genus. A further analysis of ITS2 as well as of trnH-psbA spacer sequences from about 50 species of the two genera allowed me to identify the plant as Cassia abbreviata. The sequence alignments, which reveal unique features present in the Cassia but not the Senna sequences, were used to construct phylogenetic trees showing the clear separation of the species of the Cassia and the Senna genus. The two markers therefore allow a quick discrimination between the species of the Cassia and the Senna genus and appear to be excellent barcode markers for identification of these species. Following the identification of the plant I have tested the crude ethanol extract as well as 57 purified compounds from the plant for an anti-HIV activity. The extract, as well as one of the compounds, namely piceatannol, showed a broad spectrum of antiviral activities for HIV and HSV. They inhibited HIV-1 infection at the early stage against various reference strains and resistant clinical isolates independent of the co-receptor usage (IC50: 10.47-40.77 μg/ml, CC50>1000 μg/ml; IC50: 8.04-47.46 μM,CC50>300 μM, respectively). Neither the crude extract nor piceatannol had an effect on CD4 and CCR5/CXCR4. The crude extract blocked CD4-gp120 interaction while piceatannol did not, indicating that CE may target gp120 and piceatannol may act as a non-specific viral attachment inhibitor. Moreover, piceatannol inhibited HIV infection of TZM-Bl target cells in an in vitro female genital tract model and did not activate PBMCs, suggesting that it may represent a good candidate as microbicide. Other anti-HIV compounds found in Cassia abbreviata include oleanolic acid, palmitic acid, taxifolin and three other compounds the structure of which is presently being elucidated
Do, Rego Pierrette. "Étude chimique et biologique d'une plante médicinale de la République populaire du Bénin : Boehravia diffusa L." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986GRE18005.
Full textBadiaga, Mamadou. "Etude ethnobotanique, phytochimique et activités biologiques de Nauclea latifolia Smith, une plante médicinale africaine récoltée au Mali." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00719564.
Full textTchokouaha, Ruben Francis. "Étude phytochimique et valorisation biologique d'Erythrina Mildbraedii Harms, plante médicinale du Cameroun de la famille des Fabaceae." Rouen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ROUES045.
Full textAccording to the research theme “pharmaceutical chemistry” from the UMR CNRS 6014 C. O. B. R. A. Of Rouen University, in collaboration with the Phytochemical Laboratory of University of Yaoundé I, phytochemical studies were conducted in order to isolate natural molecules with anticancer activity. Erythrina mildbraedii (Fabaceae) is a tropical tree. Its stem bark, seeds and roots are commonly used in village's communities for the traditional treatment of headache, toothache, venereal diseases, asthma and female sterility. A literature survey of secondary metabolites from the genus Erythrina, showed the presence of more than a hundred of flavonoïd compounds. Some flavonoïds showed biological activities including estrogenic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. Isolation and purification of compounds from the stem bark of E. Mildbraedii were performed by several chromatographic methods (CCM, CC, and CPG-MS) ; the structures were determined by physical and spectral data (UV, IR, RMN, and SM). Seventeen secondary metabolites were identified whose two are described for the first time. Nine of the isolated compounds are flavonoïds, whose two are prenylated isoflavonoïds with original structures. Three of the isolated compounds are coumarins, three are phytosteroïds, one is a fatty acid, and the last one is a carbohydrate compound. The effects of dimethylpyrano-isoflavones on the growth of MCF-7 breast adenocarcinoma cells, LNCaP prostate adenocarcinoma cells and ER-positive Ishikawa endometrial adenocarcinoma cells were assessed. The results obtained from the biological activity give an interesting contribution in structure-activity relationships of the prenylated isoflavonoïd compounds in hormone-dependent adenocarcinoma
Castro, Dionicio Inés. "Caractérisation des métabolites secondaires responsables de l'activité anti-Helicobacter pylori d'une plante médicinale péruvienne Cordia lutea Lam. (Boraginaceae)." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30059.
Full textCordia lutea Lam. (Flor de Overo) is a plant used in Peruvian traditional medicine as a remedy for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, hepatitis and kidney pain. Eleven compounds were isolated from the ethanol extract of the flowers of this medicinal plant on the basis of bioassay-guided fractionation. Ten of these compounds (cordiasecosides A-J), represent the first examples of 9,10-seco-29-norcycloartane glycosides. Their structures were determined by the application of NMR and MS data analysis together with X-ray crystallographic analyses. These compounds showed significant in vitro anti-Helicobacter pylori activity, and no activity against Escherichia coli or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Significant activity was observed for cordiasecosides E and F against Staphylococcus aureus. All compounds displayed weak cytotoxicity against RAW 264.7 cells. The in vitro antileishmanial and antiplasmodial activities of cordiasecosides A -F were also evaluated. This research work also includes the isolation of two compounds previously described in the literature: isorinic acid and quercetin 3-robinobioside. Finally, the botanical and chemical study of different batches of plant material purchased from different markets was also carried out, with the aim of assessing the variability of the drug and proposing ways to control its quality
Bouanani, Samia. "Valorisation d’une plante médicinale algérienne «paronychia argentea » et essai de couplage et évaluation des propriétés antitumorales d’hétérocycles azotes polyphosphorylés." Paris 13, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA132036.
Full textThis study aimed at develop a medicinal plant of the local flora Paronychia argentea used in Algerian traditional medicine like antilithiasic. In the first part of this work, aqueous and butanolic extracts of this plant were carried out. The pharmacological effects of the plant indicated that administration of the butanolic extract of PA aerial parts to rats with experimental nephrolithiasis, reduced and prevented the growth of urinary stones, supporting folk information regarding antiurolithiasic activity of the plant. The mechanism underlying this effect and the active ingredients, which differentiate the two extracts, is still unknown. Apparently, it could be related to lowering of urinary concentrations of stone forming constituents, antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging principle(s) contained in the extract. The acute and sub acute oral administration of Paronychia argentea extracts did not induce significant alterations in almost all biochemical, haematological and morphological parameters in these rats. In the second time, the synthesis of the containing-nitrogen heterocycles (chlorosulfonyl oxazolidinones), was carried out successfully. Coupling of these molecules to the BPA3 (neridronate), in order to improve their biodisponibility and their antitumor activity to compare them with the extract butanolic of Paronychia argentea, did not give the anticipated results
Myung-Nyu, Kim. "Étude d'une plante médicinale d'utilisation traditionnelle en Corée : "Carthamus tinctorius L." : aspects phytochimiques (flavonoides et huile essentielle), analytiques et pharmacologiques." Paris 11, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA114838.
Full textValadeau, Céline. "De l'ethnobotanique à l'articulation du soin : une approche anthropologique du système nosologique chez les yanesha de Haute Amazonie péruvienne." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1122/.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to understand through an ethnobotanic approach, centered on healing plants - pare'shemats - and their usages , what are the rationales of the functioning of the nosological system of the Yaneshas. The principal focus of the study, the plant and its usages, allows us first to define the components of the person and to clarify some inherent concepts relative to being fully "human". An ethnographic survey enables us then to treat the causes of diseases, that is to say, different ethiological agents that are known to cause deteriorating health conditions, and then to define the relative pathogenic models. The organisation of the vegetation universe and the importance position of pare'shemats (healing plants) are then addressed through the myths recounting their ontological position, and through the Yaneshas's nomenclatural system of study, hence defining a significant mode of classification. The study of the person, the possible harmful etiological agents , and the plant formulations administered as remedies , enable us to highlight the coherent links that exist between the pathogenic model, diagnostic reasoning, therapeutic choices and healing actions. At the conclusion of this thesis the concept of "healing plants-pare'shemats", according to the Yaneshas, is redefined. Each species of plant is cited in this document and in the index under its proper Yaneshian name and its corresponding scientific determination. The text is also accompanied by a thematic index and appendices listing the myths cited
Chasteigner, Dumée-Duval Florence de. "Les astéracées médicinales et la philatélie." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR2P019.
Full textCampin, Anne. "Les plantes médicinales du Moyen-Age." Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05P193.
Full textChirache, Patrick. "Les plantes médicinales et le public." Paris 5, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA05P037.
Full textPaget, Nathalie. "Les plantes médicinales dans les spécialités de la toux." Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05P096.
Full textPlasson, Philippe. "Les plantes médicinales : notions indispensables à la pratique officinale, support informatique des connaissances." Paris 5, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA05P002.
Full textGainche, Maël. "Etudes phytochimiques et activités anti-inflammatoires de plantes médicinales auvergnates." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLFAC001.
Full textThe research work of this thesis, included in the Plantinauv project,aims to enhance the botanical heritage of Auvergne by identifying plants of medicinal and nutritional interest exhibiting anti-inflammatory activities, and to allow their merchandising (or that of their isolated bioactive agents) in the form of nutraceutical, cosmetic and / or veterinary products. This project involves a consortium of academic(UMR, UNH) and industrial partners from the cluster Vegepolys Valley (Greentech, Domes Pharma and Altophyto).Among the plants of the Auvergne flora, sixteen were selected to assess the anti-inflammatory potential of their extracts (chemical and biological tests). Six of them, present on different regulatory lists (nutraceutical, cosmetic, veterinary), have been the subject of phytochemical studies.The chemo-and bio-guided fractionation of L. sylvaticaand D. fullonumextracts allowed the isolation of new secondary metabolites. Four new phenanthrenes with promising anti-proliferative activities on cancer cells were isolated from L. sylvatica. The phytochemical profiles of the four other plants (P. erecta, T. angustifolia, H. stoechas, K arvensis) were also determined. Finally, the standardization of the different plant extracts was studied in order to develop new marketable ingredients
Mollet, Anne. "Plantes médicinales et alimentaires des Indiens de la Méso-Amérique." Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR2P049.
Full textNenez, Nathalie. "Evolution de l'importance de certaines plantes médicinales dans les spécialités médicamenteuses entre 1965 et 1992." Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05P143.
Full textLavon, Kossiwa Dado. "Plantes antipaludéennes." Paris 5, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA05P120.
Full textElmi, Fourreh Abdirahman. "Études phytochimiques de plantes médicinales djiboutiennes à effets antimicrobiens et anticancéreux." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0160.
Full textThis research focused on the bio-analysis of Djiboutian medicinal plants. These latter were selected on ethnobotanical criteria applied to the plants traditionally used against microbial infections. This selection retained six plants which were then subjected to a biological screening including antibacterial and anti-oxidant activities. Three plants were finally study: Acacia seyal, Indigofera caerulea and Cymbopogon commutatus. The search of compound in Acacia seyal was carried out by means of bio-guidance. Two extracts, aqueous and methanolic, of the bark of this plant were evaluated for their antibacterial activity. Four compounds were isolated, characterized (epicatechin, catechin, digallic catechin and β-sitosterol) and tested for their activity. Also four extracts (hexanic, acetonic, methanolic and aqueous) of the fruit of Indigofera caerulea were tested for their antibacterial and antioxidant activities. The Hexanic and methanolic extracts were the most active. Six compounds were isolated from these extracts (methyl gallate, gallic acid, rutin, isoquercetin, kaempferol-3-rutinoside and β-sitosterol). Methyl gallate inhibited Staphylococcus aureus with a MIC of 64 μg / mL. Finally, the activity of the essential oil of Cymbopogon commutatus was evaluated on seven bacterial strains, two fungal strains and eleven types of cancer cells. On the latter, it exhibits a high cytotoxicity with IC50s ranging from 0.05 μg / mL on PC3 and HCT116 (prostate and colorectal cancer cells) to 0.67 μg/mL on NCI-N87 (gastric cancer cell). Surprisingly, an antibacterial activity not so high was observed. GCMS analysis of the solubilized part in the culture medium showed that only the hydrophilic compounds were present. The formulation of a microemulsion was performed and the IC50 decreased to a hundred times. We have found that this essential oil contained more than 73.9 % piperitone (monoterpene). In conclusion, these three plants showed antimicrobial activities and the work confirms their traditional uses. In addition, we have shown that they have other biological activities (anti-oxidant and anti-cancer). These results should contribute to the establishment of a traditional pharmacopoeia and formulations of 'improved traditional medicines' (MTAs)
Jean-Jean, Patricia. "Contribution à l'étude des herbicides des plantes médicinales." Lyon 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LYO1W034.
Full textKouame, François-Prévost Bi Koffi. "Valorisation de quatre plantes médicinales ivoiriennes : étude phytochimique." Nantes, 2012. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=dc42c9b7-ba48-46ab-826f-9a61ba3bf2a4.
Full textLautié, Emmanuelle. "Screening of mexican medicinal plants and study of six selected species with pharmacological activities in view of a biotechnological valorization." Amiens, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AMIED008.
Full textMexico is a country where the healing tradition and the important plant diversity justify investigations on plant compounds for their sustainable production especially those used in anticancer applications as podophyllotoxin (PTOX) and its analogues. A plant selection method has been developed that employs a score system and various criteria (chemotaxonomy, traditional medical uses and published scientific data). A panel of six species were selected and collected: Piper auritum, Justicia spicigera, Bursera bipinnata, B. Copallifera, Hyptis suaveolens, Linum scabrellum. The extracts of the three last species resulted highly cytotoxic and PTOX-like lignans could be identified by LC-MS from the extracts of L. Scabrellum and H. Suaveolens. Furthermore, in order to evaluate the global therapeutical potential of the six species, we had an interest in investigating other possible biological activities. Several extracts exerted moderate antibacterial activity (H. Suaveolens and P. Auritum, and B. Copallifera). The evaluation of the scavenging capacity of the DPPH radicals revealed high activities for the extract of B. Bipinnata, B. Copallifera, and L. Scabrellum. For those inflorescence and root extracts, the IC50 of 4. 45 µg/mL was even lower than the IC50 of the antioxidant compound Trolox. Finally, a phytochemical study of the tissues of H. Suaveolens revealed that PTOX could be found in the roots of the wild plant at a concentration of 11 mg/100g DW, and at a concentration three times higher in plantlets grown in vitro. Furthermore, a very high cytotoxic activity seemed characteristic of the extracts of L. Scabrellum, and it may be linked to this 2,7’-cyclolignans content
Cotereau, Béatrice. "La cicatrisation et l'application aux médicaments spécialisés à base de plantes et substances dérivées à propriétés cicatrisantes." Paris 5, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA05P028.
Full textLavergne, Roger. "Plantes médicinales indigènes : tisanerie et tisaneurs de la Réunion." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 1989. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00978928.
Full textPerrin, Julie. "Soigner la Patrie. La fabrique des plantes médicinales suisses." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0116.
Full textIn Western democracies, the questioning of the role of the state in economic regulation since the late 1970s has resulted in various institutional reconfigurations and the emergence of new groups of public and private actors. This research explores the production of “Swiss medicinal herbs”, as these become the object of new governmental and entrepreneurial practices aiming to preserve “the national interest” in the face of increased foreign competition. It inquires into the various practices which compose and frame the production and the marketing of herbal health products in Switzerland in a context of economic liberalization.Based on four years of multi-sited ethnographic fieldwork, enriched by the analysis of iconographic and written sources, this work aims to account for the diversity of conceptions and uses of medicinal herbs in Switzerland, and to examine the transformations they underwent over the course of the twentieth century. It does so from the points of view of diverse professionals and experts of cultural administrations. Paying particular attention to the political and transnational dimensions, this study foregrounds how “Swiss medicinal herbs” have been at the heart of various public policy reforms (agricultural, regional, sanitary, cultural, trade and innovation) reflecting adaptations of Swiss law to European and international standards and the extension of federal law.Secondly, this research sheds light on the complex and dynamic articulation between, on the one hand, the interests of producers’ cooperatives and the “Swiss medicinal herbs” industries, and, on the one hand, the construct of a “common interest”. This articulation is mobilized by federal and cantonal governments as well as by local and national pharmaceutical, cosmetic, food and tourism industries. The discursive und symbolic creation of a common destiny between the private sector of medicinal herbs and the national population is key to understanding the consecration, by the cantonal and federal cultural administrations, of certain economic uses of medicinal herbs as “intangible cultural heritage” (hereinafter ICH). Indeed, the detailed analysis of the implementation of the Unesco Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage brings to light not only how the use of standardized application forms for the ICH inventory in Switzerland renders invisible power relations, challenges and controversies surrounding the production and the marketing of herbal products. It also shows how this inventory produces purified images of the practices listed therein. These images are subsequently mobilized by state actors as an instrument of public relations to arouse a feeling of pride among the local and/or national population, and to promote abroad the image of an attractive, open, eco-friendly and democratically exemplary Switzerland
Rojas, Fermín Luis Beltrán. "Phénols et terpènes des plantes médicinales, Argania spinosa, Plumeria inodora, Sarcostemma clausum et Peltophorum africanum." Bordeaux 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR12983.
Full textMukazayire, Marie-Jeanne. "Les plantes médicinales du Rwanda: activités hépatoprotectrices et inhibitrices du virus de l'hépatite C." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209784.
Full textMomy, Florian. "Les plantes indigènes répertoriées dans les carnets du Docteur Bouvier (1748-1827)." Dijon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/1992DIJOP026.
Full textDominguez, Audrey. "Histoires des noms des plantes : le Jardin médicinal d'Antoine Mizauld." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALL006.
Full textStories of Plant Names : the Jardin médicinal by Antoine Mizauld is a PhD thesis in French literature and French language supervised by Fleur Vigneron.This thesis is part of a CIFRE agreement between the company Herboristerie Au temps des fées and the Imaginary Socio-Anthropology (ISA) component of the CNRS 5316 Litt&Arts research unit at the Grenoble Alpes University. The aims of this agreement are to carry out researches on the images of names of medicinal plants and to participate in the development of the brand Comme des tisanes, by Herboristerie Au Temps des fées.At first, our research works focus on the edition of the Jardin medicinal by Antoine Mizauld, a sixteenth century medical treatise explaining the properties of plants with mythical stories and entertaining anecdotes. These works are followed by glossaries pointing out the names of medicinal plants and practical definitions to better understand Antoine Mizauld's words. The second part is a commentary on the Jardin medicinal which analyses the position of the author and the formation of images of medicinal plants emphasizing the use of myths and current uses of plants in the wellness industry. The last part presents an analysis of seven medicinal plants (french designations, etymology, uses and myths), in order to study their archetypical traits and to establish their cultural history.Thanks to synchronic and diachronic approaches, this thesis presents a theory about the formation of images of medicinal plants in the French language. It also allows to implement an innovative protocol to create goods or services, by using researches in literature and methods of studying images
Yoeurp, Julie. "Le Notopterygium incisum Ting. Et le Notopterygium forbesii Boiss." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05P073.
Full textRobivelo, Adrienne Rodolphe. "Le Christianisme et l'usage des plantes médicinales à Madagascar : relecture, réconciliation, réhabilitation." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005STR20068.
Full textMany Malagasy christians refuse the use of medicinal plants as this is regarded as a pagan practice. Some even flatly reject them. They live however in one of the poorest countries in the world economically point of view, and paradoxically it has a very rich flora with therapeutic virtues which makes foreign pharmaceutical laboratories happy. Faced with a persistent impoverishment, resorting to these plants becomes necessary, even vital, given that imported medicines as well as hospital care are not accessible to the great majority of the population. We want to understand the reasons why the concerned christians reject these plants in order to urge them too to accept and to take advantage, of these natural resources within reach. A theological approach, reinforced by ethnobotanical studies, brings out the first vocation of plants and man, with their respective evolutions; the objective being to reconcile them. We are trying to rehabilitate the use of plants with medicinal proprieties and, referring to Jesus's teachings, we are offering them to advance in their faith, which should help the concerned christians to use them without feeling guilty for it
Seguin, Catherine. "Arbutus Unedo L. Et autres éricacées médicinales." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR2P049.
Full textSiyapata-Ntakirutimana, Eugénie. "Biotechnologie appliquée aux plantes médicinales :cas de l'Atremisia annua L. (Asteraceae)." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212163.
Full textWajntrob, Sophie. "Plantes médicinales abandonnées : les échinops dont le Teskra, "E. spinosus" L." Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05P268.
Full textSosa, Moreno Adadarleny. "Etude Phytochimique de Plantes Médicinales des Andes Vénézuéliennes : Palicourea demissa Standl. (Rubiaceae) et Hydrocotyle umbellata L. (Umbelliferae)." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14274/document.
Full textThis work is dedicated to the phytochemical study of five medicinal plants whose selected species are endemic of Venezuela: Palicourea demissa Standl., and Hydrocotyle umbellata L., but also Bauhinia cumanensis H.B.K, Guazuma ulmifolia Lam., and Urena sinuata L. Twenty-two compounds were purified and identified from the various studied extracts; they are in particular terpenes, flavones and saponins. Six of these natural products, among which appear several spirostane- and ergostane-types saponins, are described for the first time
Fénart, Michèle. "Le genre "Commiphora" : aspects botanique, chimique, pharmacologique et utilisations." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05P145.
Full textBrunetaud, Jacky. "La mandragore, mise au point sur ses propriétés pharmacologiques et médicales." Bordeaux 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR25363.
Full textSantiago, Brugnoli Laura Vanessa. "Etude Phytochimique de Plantes Médicinales des Andes Vénézuéliennes : Zanthoxylum rhoifolium LAM (Rutaceae) et Bulnesia arborea Cl. Gay (Zygophyllaceae)." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14273/document.
Full textThis work is a phytochemical study of two medicinal plants belonging to the genera Zanthoxylum (Rutaceae) and Bulnesia (Zygophyllaceae), which are known for their use in folk medecine, and in particular two endemic species of the Venezuelan Andes: Z. rhoifolium LAM and B. arborea Cl. Gay. The study of leaves and stems of these two plants led to the isolation of ten pure and fully characterized compounds: seven are new natural products (e.g., the alkaloid zanthoxyfoline, triterpene- and ergostane-types saponins) and one of them presents a sesquiterpene skeleton hitherto ever described (i.e., le bulnearboreanoside I)
Sawadogo, Laya. "Contribution à l'étude des plantes médicinales et de la pharmacopée traditionnelle africaine : cas des plantes lactogènes." Tours, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOUR4006.
Full textGros, Gaétane. "Intoxications par des plantes chinoises, en particulier par Aristolochia fangchi Y. C. Wu." Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05P156.
Full textBernard, d'Arbigny Armelle. "Spécialités d'origine végétale à l'usage vétérinaire en 1994." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05P026.
Full textSérafim, Nadia. "Plantes parapharmacie et jurisprudence." Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05P097.
Full textPaternelle, Dominique. "Plantes et parapharmacie." Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05P114.
Full textBoisyvon, Marie-France. "Utilisation des plantes dans les thérapeutiques odontologiques et stomatologiques actuelles." Nantes, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985NANT1472.
Full textRabehaja, Rakotondragaby Delphin Justin. "Production et analyse d'huiles essentielles de plantes aromatiques et médicinales de Madagascar. Caractérisation par RMN13C, CPG(Ir) et CPG-SM." Thesis, Corte, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CORT0005/document.
Full textThis study was conducted under an agreement of co-supervision between the Universities of Antananarivo (Madagascar) and Corsica (France). It contributed to the characterization of five malagasy plants through the chemical composition of their essential oils (EO). Four aromatic and medicinal plants: Cymbopogon giganteus var. madagascariensis, Tana bojeriana, Croton kimosorum and Croton sp. grow wild in the south-western region of Madagascar (Toliara) whereas the species Vepris madagascarica is widespread in the rainforest of the north-eastern region (Vohémar). The identification of components of EOs produced by hydrodistillation (Clevenger type apparatus) and by steam distillation (Alembic) has been obtained by combination of GC (RI), GC-MS and 13C NMR.Cymbopogon giganteus Chiov. var. madagascariensis (A. Camus) EO or Ahibero EO of Madagascar has similar chemical composition with Cymbopogon giganteus Chiov. african species described in literature. Its chemical composition is dominated by four p-menthadienols (cis- and trans-p-mentha-1(7),8-dien-2-ol, cis- and trans-p-mentha-2,8-dien-1-ol) and limonene. Moreover, four peroxides derivatives bearing the p-menthane skeleton were also identified. A monography has been proposed to Ahibero EO users.Tana bojeriana Baker EO is characterized by the predominance of -phellandrene (30.4%), carvone (22.3%), limonene (13.3%) and dill ether (7.7%). The chemical composition of this EO was very close to that of Anetum graveolens (Apiaceae family), constituents. The presence of trans-p-menth-2-en-1,6-diol and p-mentha-1(7) ,2-dien-6-ol, gives some originality to Tana bojeriana EO. It could be therefore an alternative for essential oils that are already well established on the Medicinal and Aromatic Plants market.The chemical composition of Vepris madagascarica (Baill.) H. Perrier leaf EO is characterized by a high content of (E)-anethole (78.2%). The comparative study of the chemical composition of leaves (fresh and dried) and bark trunk EOs confirmed the predominance of (E)-anethole (69.5 to 84.6%). Taking account of the restricted distribution of this aromatic plant and the need for sustainable management of this species, its potential use would be limited to leaf oil and could be a source for this compound widely used in food industry.Two species of Croton endemic from Madagascar were studied, Croton kimosorum Leandri (Zanapoly or Napoly) and Croton sp. (Andriambolamena or Riamena). Both aromatic and medicinal plants EOs are characterized by the presence of linalool (Zanapoly) and limonene (Andriambolamena). Croton kimosorum is characterized by a majority of oxygenated compounds, while the second is dominated by hydrocarbon monoterpenes. In both cases, several oxygenated sesquiterpenes are identified. Among these, the epi--bisabolol, never reported in of Croton EOs, was found for the first time in both species
Diafouka, Alain J. P. "Analyse des usages des plantes médicinales dans quatre régions du Congo-Brazzaville." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212150.
Full textHannache, Badreddine. "La lithiase urinaire : épidémiologie, rôle des éléments traces et des plantes médicinales." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA114804/document.
Full textUrolithiasis is a widespread disease that affects 4-18% of the population according to the countries. This pathology requires a lot of multidisciplinary research. The work presented here aims firstly to clarify the nature of urinary stones in the eastern Algeria and then investigate the role of trace elements as well as the effect of some medicinal plants on the dissolution of urinary stones. The techniques used are mainly the following: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to determine the chemical composition of the calculi, X-ray fluorescence to determine the nature and content of trace elements and scanning electron microscopy to explore the inner structure of the crystallites at the mesoscopic scale. Other methods such as stereomicroscopy have been used for the morpho-constitutional analysis of the calculi and an experimental model was developed for the study of the effect of medicinal plants in vitro.Although the number of urinary stones considered being low, the epidemiology of urolithiasis in this region of Algeria was sketched. Calcium oxalate stones become predominant due to a change in eating habits but with a persistence of infection-induced calculi persist, whatever the urinary tract or gut origin of the infection. The acquired data do not underline a catalytic role of trace elements detected within the stones but are in favor of a simple adsorption process. None of the tested extracts from the Algerian pharmacopoeia has had a significant effect to dissolve the urinary stones
Darfeuil, Michèle. "Plantes antivirales et médications traditionnelles." Paris 5, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA05P152.
Full textCholet, Juliette. "Valorisation à visée nutraceutique et/ou cosmétique du patrimoine botanique auvergnat : plantes à potentiel anti-inflammatoire." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLFAC015.
Full textRelatively under-exploited, the innovation potential related to the biological activities of secondary plant metabolites is nevertheless considerable. Therefore, we chose to study the flora of the Auvergne, known for its richness and diversity, and which has many plants that are still little studied. Thanks to the regional skills in this field of activity (academic and industrial), a collaborative project has been set up to study and promote Auvergne plants with anti-inflammatory activities (PlantInAuv project 2017-2020). This thesis work was part of this project, with the aim of studying the anti-inflammatory potential of local plant extracts in vitro. In the year preceding this thesis work, a selection was made on a large sample of about 200 plants, which resulted in a first round of 15 plants selected for the project at the beginning of the thesis.In a first phase, a screening was carried out on a selection of 15 plants. The extracts of these plants were tested on a wide range of markers of inflammation using human leucocytes. These tests enabled us to identify plants with anti-inflammatory potential, some of them acting on the activation of NFκB, and to select seven of them for further experiments.In a second phase, the selected plants were evaluated by setting up a three-dimensional joint inflammation model. The extract of Luzula sylvatica proved to be particularly interesting: it could provide interesting antioxidant protection against cartilage damage and reduce inflammation of the joint, by reducing the secretion of PGE2 in the synovial fluid. In addition, it could act directly on chondrocytes by decreasing the expression of proteases and thus preventing the degradation of the extracellular matrix.In a third phase, the selection of seven plants was evaluated in a skin inflammation model, using an original model mimicking an inflamed skin i.e. fibroblasts in the presence of macrophages with a pro-inflammatory profile. Once again, we chose to present the results obtained with the Luzula sylvatica extract. It showed good antioxidant properties and modified the pro-inflammatory polarization of macrophages. In addition, it dampened the expression of several genes linked to TGFβ in the fibroblasts, indicating that it could be of interest in preventing the formation of fibrotic scars. Of the 15 plants initially selected in the project, two (Bupleurum rotundifolium and Luzula sylvatica) have been, or will be, the subject of an academic valorization with publication of the results. The rest of the plants selected following the screening phase will be valorised by the industrial partners of the project