Academic literature on the topic 'Plantes – Arctique'

Résumé La flore alpine du nord-est de l'Amérique du Nord est bien documentée à l'exception de celle des monts Long Range, à Terre-Neuve. Le plateau gneissique de Big Level est l'un des plus grands plateaux de haute altitude des monts Long Range. Parmi les habitats alpins qui s'y trouvent, les nombreuses combes à neige contribuent le plus à la biodiversité végétale avec 73 des 92 espèces observées à cet étage du plateau. Les 21 espèces rares observées sur le plateau appartiennent toutes à des habitats associés aux combes à neige. Ces espèces représen- tent 20 % des plantes rares connues dans le parc national du Gros-Morne, dont trois constituent des extensions méridionales de leur aire depuis l'extrémité nord de l'île : Carex lachenalii, Salix argyrocarpa et Veronica wormskjoldii . La composition biogéographique des combes à neige de la région du golfe du Saint-Laurent - Nouvelle-Angleterre, avec ses éléments circumpolaires, cordillériens, du nord-est de l'Amérique du Nord et amphi-atlantiques, contribue au caractère floristique exceptionnel du plateau. Le broutage intense des gazons périphériques par les importants troupeaux de caribous du plateau constitue une caractérisitique écologique intéressante de ces combes alpines. Également exceptionnelle est la présence de vastes landes à buttes dominées par la camarine et le calamagrostide ( Empetrum-Calamagrostis pickeringii ), les buttes étant causées par la cryoturbation sur les pentes douces exposées de la partie est du plateau. À notre connaissance, ce type de terrain réticulé, connu en Arctique, n'a pas été observé pour la zone boréale de l'est de l'Amérique du Nord ; c'est un témoin de la rigueur des hivers sur le plateau. Aucun autre plateau alpin gneissique de l'est de l'Amérique du Nord boréale n'a une telle étendue ni un tel nombre de combes à neige.

Résumé Le drapeau planté sur le pôle Nord par les Russes à l’été 2007 a ravivé le débat sur l’Arctique, en particulier sur la question de savoir quelles revendications les différents États riverains peuvent faire valoir sur son fond marin soupçonné de regorger de combustibles fossiles. L’objectif de notre contribution est de discuter du cadre juridique applicable à la « répartition » du plateau continental en Arctique et des difficultés particulières liées à la situation géographique. En raison de l’espace restreint, les États riverains doivent y relever non seulement le défi de fixer la limite extérieure de leur plateau continental, mais aussi celui de régler des revendications chevauchantes. Le fait que les États-Unis ne soient pas soumis au même régime juridique que les autres riverains de l’océan Arctique complique encore davantage la situation. Notre étude met un accent particulier sur les enjeux pour le Canada.

Arctic bramble (Rubus arcticus) is a clonally growing, insect-pollinated, self-incompatible plant which is cultivated for its berries. In field studies of cultivated and natural stands it was observed that the pollinators (bumble bees and honey bees) foraged optimally, i.e., flight was towards the nearest flower. Therefore, in cultivation the plants should be planted so that the nearest neighbours belong to different clones. In general, the pollinators preferred white clover (Trifolium repens), growing as a weed, and cultivated strawberry as opposed to the arctic bramble. These plants appeared to be severe competitors for the pollinators, and care should therefore be taken to reduce their influence.

The levels of genotypic and genetic variation were estimated in six natural populations of arctic bramble (Rubus arcticus L. subsp. arcticus) in Finland. Using three primer combinations, a total of 117 amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) were found. The results were highly reproducible and allowed identification of 78 genets among the 122 plants of arctic bramble studied. Genotypic variation measured as Simpson index (D) was high in all populations, ranging from 0.72 to 0.94. Also, the level of genetic variation measured as Shannon index was relatively high in all populations, ranging from 0.19 to 0.32 (average 0.26). The high levels of genetic diversity indicate that sexual reproduction has played a significant role in these populations. The hierarchical analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) partitioned 48% of the genetic variation among populations, suggesting a high level of population differentiation and a low level of interpopulation gene flow. Genetic diversity among ten currently grown cultivars of arctic bramble and hybrid arctic bramble (R. arcticus subsp. arcticus × R. arcticus subsp. stellatus) was large, and the subspecies were clearly distinguished from each other based on the AFLP marker data.Key words: AFLP, AMOVA, population, natural habitat, Rubus arcticus subsp. arcticus, Rubus arcticus subsp. stellatus.

The paper deals with the study of burdock blossoms (Asteraceae : Arctium ) in the Yelabuga District of the Republic of Tatarstan where they are one of the most common species among the Compositae plants. They are mostly ruderal weeds, growing usually in waste places (abandoned orchards, wastelands, ravines, roadsides, river banks, dumps, walls of houses and fences, etc.). Some representatives of this genus are also found in the floodplain forests, sparse deciduous forests, clearings, forest edges. The paper presents some results of study of species composition and population structure of phytophagous insects, developing in inflorescences of four species of burdock ( Arctium tomentozum, Arctium minus, Arctium lappa, Arctium nemorosum ) on the territory of Yelabuga District of the Republic of Tatarstan. Seven experimental sites were examined, their total area is 1,0 hectares. The basic research was conducted during the spring-summer period in 2015-2017 at the time of active flowering plants. There were three kinds of flies-petrotrak (Diptera: Tephritidae), one kind of flies-Midge (in Russian spp.), one kind of beetle-weevil (Curculionidae) and one species of moth (Gelechiidae).

Individual minerals and antibacterial activity were investigated in 5 medicinal plants (pot marigold - Calendula officinalis, burdock - Arctium lappa, celandine - Chelidonium majus, basil- Ocimum basilicum, thyme - Thymus vulgaris) using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) technique and antibiogram method. The antibacterial susceptibility has been evaluated over 12 strains isolated from milk microflora, belonging to Staphylococcus, Vibrio, Serratia and Bacillus genera. The obtained results show the best antibacterial effect with Arctium lappa ethanol extracts, having inhibition areas of 6.3 to 17.5 mm, with an average of 9.0 mm and the highest determined mineral being Calcium. The results obtained open the prospect of using these medicinal plants as an alternative to be used for the control and cure of some mineral deficiencies or for preventing various diseases of the animals.

A demographic study was conducted on field populations of Lupinus arcticus S. Wats. growing in the understory of a white spruce dominated forest, near Kluane Lake, Yukon. The relative effects of soil fertility level, neighbours, and herbivory were assessed using a factorial experiment of ± fertilizer (N-P-K), ± neighbour removal, and ± clipping. We monitored the dynamics of leaves and collected data on reproduction, survival, and size for two growing seasons. Fertilizing increased the incidence of disease on leaves and reduced reproductive efficiency. Clipping reduced leaf cohort survivorship, total leaf density, and the incidence of disease on leaves. Removing neighbours increased the percent cover of L. arcticus and decreased total leaf mortality. Treatments had no effect on the survival of leaves in early cohorts. Although there were some significant responses to treatments, the overall tendency was a lack of response, especially pertaining to leaf population dynamics. This low response to the treatments imposed is consistent with the argument that plants growing in low productivity, infrequently disturbed habitats should show little response to short-term changes in local environmental conditions. The results are also consistent with suggestions that plants in moderately stressed habitats should be more adapted to withstand grazing than competition.Key words: boreal forest, competition, demography, fertilization, population dynamics, Lupinus arcticus.

Rhizobium strain N31, isolated from the arctic legume Astragalus alpinus, nodulates sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) as efficiently as strain SM-2, isolated from sainfoin. Nodule shape and tissue arrangement of 70-day-old plants infected by these two strains were examined. Sainfoin nodules formed by either strain N31 or SM-2 were cylindrical, with indeterminate growth, and similar to those found on arctic legumes. However, in the active symbiotic zone of sainfoin nodules, bacteroids of strain N31 were pleiomorphic or spherical and found individually or in groups of three, surrounded by the membrane envelope, whereas the bacteroids of strain SM-2 were elongated and enclosed in clusters of 3 to 12 by each membrane envelope. Thus, arctic strain N31 affects the internal structure of sainfoin nodules. Nodules of arctic legumes A. alpinus, Oxytropis maydelliana, and Oxytropis arctobia, infected with either strain N31 or SM-2, contained lipid droplets, while sainfoin nodules did not show such characteristics. This phenomenon seems specific to arctic legumes and it is not influenced by the origin of the nodulating strain.

Les espèces en situation précaire comptent parmi les plus sensibles aux changements climatiques. Nous avons documenté les effets potentiels de ceux-ci sur les 409 plantes vasculaires en situation précaire au Québec. Nous avons quantifié les modifications potentielles des aires de répartition de 131 d’entre elles avec des modèles de niche bioclimatique et évalué la vulnérabilité des 409 plantes avec un indice de vulnérabilité aux changements climatiques. Nos résultats suggèrent que les conditions climatiques pourraient devenir favorables à plusieurs plantes en situation précaire au Québec. La province pourrait devenir un refuge climatique pour celles pour lesquelles les conditions climatiques deviendraient défavorables aux États-Unis. Toutefois, notre étude révèle que la vitesse de déplacement des niches bioclimatiques des plantes risque de dépasser largement leur capacité de déplacement. Ainsi, il pourrait être impossible pour celles-ci d’étendre naturellement leur répartition dans la province. De plus, 57,7 % des espèces étudiées sont considérées comme vulnérables aux changements climatiques. Les plus vulnérables sont celles ayant une répartition périphérique sud et celles associées aux habitats arctiques-alpins, à l’estuaire et au golfe du Saint-Laurent. Des recommandations sont formulées afin d’intégrer des stratégies d’adaptation aux changements climatiques à la gestion des plantes vasculaires en situation précaire et de leurs habitats au Québec.

Snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus) in the southwest Yukon foraged in winter on ground vegetation by digging feeding craters in snow. Hares utilized at least three species: Dryas drummondii, Hedysarum mackenzii, and Lupinus arcticus. Hares dug feeding craters to reach these plants in snow up to 36 cm deep, and the area of these craters ranged from 140 to 2600 cm2. I recorded few craters after midwinter when snow depths reached 40 cm; the few craters dug at this time were in areas of shallow snow either beneath trees or in windswept areas. When hares had stopped digging craters, I established 11 small plots (1 × 1 or 1 × 2 m) where I removed snow to ground level. Hares moved in and used these areas to feed on D. drummondii and L. arcticus. I conclude that the vegetation was suitable for hares and speculate that hares stopped digging feeding craters because snow depth or snow density made it energetically uneconomical. The food value of these plants and their importance in the winter diet of hares needs further study.

Lorsque des espèces à différents niveaux trophiques répondent aux changements climatiques à des rythmes différents, il peut en résulter une désynchronisation entre la phénologie des consommateurs et celle de leurs ressources. Les oiseaux migrateurs qui se reproduisent dans l’Arctique pourraient être parmi les espèces les plus touchées par une telle désynchronisation. Cette étude examine l’impact du réchauffement climatique sur les interactions entre la grande oie des neiges (Chen caerulesens atlantica) et les plantes dont elle s’alimente sur l’Île Bylot, Nunavut. À l’aide de petites serres, nous avons examiné l’impact d’un réchauffement sur la biomasse et la concentration en azote (un indice de qualité nutritive) des plantes utilisées par les oies. Nos résultats montrent qu’un réchauffement annuel mène à une augmentation de la biomasse végétale, mais que cette hausse est accompagnée d’un déclin plus rapide de la qualité nutritive des plantes. En effet, la concentration en azote des plantes des parcelles réchauffées était jusqu’à 14% plus faible que celle des parcelles témoins, et ce pendant la période de croissance des jeunes oies. Nous avons également montré qu’un indice satellitaire, le Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) peut être utilisé comme proxy afin de déterminer la date du pic de concentration en azote des plantes. En utilisant le NDVI, nous avons donc pu estimer la date de pic d’azote des années pour lesquelles nous n’avions pas de données empiriques sur la végétation. Finalement, nous avons analysé des données à long-terme sur le climat, la phénologie des plantes et la reproduction des oies afin d’examiner l’impact potentiel de la désynchronisation trophique sur la croissance des jeunes. Selon nos résultats, les oies ajustent seulement partiellement leur reproduction en fonction des changements annuels dans la disponibilité de nourriture de haute qualité. En conséquence, la masse et la taille structurelle des jeunes oies à l’envol étaient réduites lorsque la reproduction des oies était moins bien synchronisée avec le pic de qualité nutritive des plantes. Nos résultats supportent l’hypothèse que la désynchronisation trophique peut avoir des effets négatifs sur l’aptitude phénotypique des herbivores arctiques, et que ces effets pourraient s’accentuer avec l’augmentation prévue des températures à l’échelle globale.
When species at different trophic levels respond to climate change at different rates, this may lead to a trophic mismatch between the phenology of consumers and that of their resources. As polar regions are warming more rapidly than the rest of the planet, migratory birds breeding in the Arctic are expected to be among the species most affected by trophic mismatch in the wake of rapid climate change. This study examines the impact of climate warming on the interactions between an arctic herbivore, the greater snow goose (Chen caerulescens atlantica), and its food plants on Bylot Island, Nunavut, Canada. Using small greenhouses, we examined the impact of increased temperatures on plant biomass and a proxy of nutritive quality, nitrogen concentration, of graminoid plants used by geese during the brood-rearing period. This experiment showed that annual warming significantly increased biomass of graminoids but also led to an acceleration of the seasonal decline in plant nutritive quality and resulted in a decrease in the nitrogen concentration of plants by up to 14% during the period of gosling growth. We also showed that satellite-derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) can be used as a proxy to determine date of peak nitrogen concentration in some tundra plants, and can thus be a reliable measure of the early changes in the timing of the availability of high quality food for herbivores. Using NDVI, we were then able to estimate the date of peak nitrogen in years when we had no empirical data on plant phenology. Finally, we analysed long-term data on climate, plant phenology and the reproduction of geese in order to examine the potential impact of mismatched reproduction on the growth of young. We found that geese are only partially able to adjust their breeding phenology to compensate for annual changes in the timing of high quality food plants, and that gosling body mass and structural size at fledging was reduced when trophic mismatch was high. Our results support the hypothesis that trophic mismatch can negatively affect the fitness of arctic herbivores, and that it is likely to be exacerbated by rising global temperatures.

Le pergélisol est une composante majeure du système climatique terrestre. Avec le réchauffement du climat, le dégel du pergélisol profite à l’activité biochimique qui décompose davantage de matière organique dans les sols arctiques et la rejette dans l’atmosphère sous forme de gaz à effet de serre (CO2, CH4). Ce phénomène pourrait constituer une rétroaction climatique positive majeure. Prédire ces effets nécessite d’étudier l’évolution du régime thermique du pergélisol ainsi que des facteurs qui l’influencent. Le manteau neigeux, de par son pouvoir isolant, contrôle les échanges de chaleur entre le sol et l’atmosphère une grande partie de l’année. Le flux de chaleur à travers la neige dépend de la hauteur du manteau neigeux et de la conductivité thermique des couches de neige qui le constituent. Ces deux variables sont elles-même très dépendantes des conditions climatiques et de la présence de végétation. Nous réalisons ici le suivi des propriétés de la neige et du sol d’un site haut arctique de toundra herbacée (Île Bylot, 73°N), et d’un site bas arctique à la frontière de la toundra arbustive et forestière (Umiujaq, 56°N). Nous utilisons les données issues de stations de mesure automatiques complétées par des mesures manuelles. Une attention particulière est portée sur la conductivité thermique de la neige, car peu de données sont disponibles pour les régions arctiques. Le modèle numérique couplé ISBA-Crocus est ensuite utilisé pour simuler les propriétés de la neige et du sol des deux sites étudiés. Les résultats sont comparés aux mesures de terrain afin d’évaluer la capacité du modèle à simuler le régime thermique des sols arctiques. Nous avons pu caractériser les interactions atmosphère-neige-végétation qui façonnent la structure des manteaux neigeux arctiques. Le vent et la redistribution de neige qu’il induit sont des paramètres fondamentaux qui déterminent la hauteur et la conductivité thermique de la neige. Un couvert végétal haut et dense (arbustes, arbres) piège la neige soufflée et l’abrite du tassement éolien. De plus, la structure ligneuse des massifs arbustifs soutient la masse de neige et empêche son tassement. Cet abri procure à la neige une capacité d’isolation élevée qui retarde le gel du sol dès les premières accumulations. Le refroidissement atmosphérique se poursuivant, le manteau neigeux peu épais est soumis à un gradient thermique élevé qui provoque d’importants transferts de vapeur d’eau depuis le sol et les couches de neige basales, vers les couches supérieures et l’atmosphère. La croissance de givre de profondeur qui s’opère, favorisée à la fois par le gradient thermique élevé et la faible densité de la neige, aboutit à la formation de couches très isolantes en contact avec la surface du sol. Tant que le sol demeure relativement chaud, la croissance de givre de profondeur perdure. Finalement, des épisodes de fonte peuvent avoir lieu en automne durant la mise en place du manteau neigeux dans les régions arctiques. Le regel de la neige peut rapidement annuler ou même temporairement inverser l’effet isolant des interactions neige-végétation. Une surface de neige gelée ne subit pas l’effet du vent et empêche sa redistribution. La formation de croûtes de regel à forte conductivité thermique accélère le refroidissement du sol. Le manteau neigeux affecté par la fonte au début de l’hiver a donc une capacité d’isolation diminuée qui pourrait entraver le réchauffement des sols arctiques. Nos résultats de simulation montrent que ces différents effets ne sont pas correctement représentés dans les modèles de neige. Les erreurs dans les conductivités thermiques de la neige simulées sont particulièrement problématiques puisqu’elles interviennent lors de la période de gel du sol. Étant donné l’étendue des régions affectées par le pergélisol, ces erreurs sur la modélisation de la neige arctique pourraient significativement affecter les simulations climatiques et les projections de la hausse des températures globales
Permafrost is a major component of the Earth climatic system. Global warming provokes the degradation of permafrost which favors biogeochemical activity in Arctic soils. The decomposition of organic matter increases and results in the release of high amounts of greenhouse gases (CO2 and CH4) to the atmosphere. By amplifying the greenhouse effect induced by human activities, this phenomenon may constitute one of the strongest positive feedbacks on global warming. Predicting these effects requires to study the evolution of the permafrost thermal regime and the factors governing it. The snowpack, because of its insulating effect, modulates the heat fluxes between permafrost and atmosphere most of the year. The snow insulating capacity depends on snow height and thermal conductivity. These two variables are highly dependent on climatic conditions and on the presence of vegetation. Here we monitor the snow and soil physical properties at a high Arctic site typical of herbaceous tundra (Bylot Island, 73°N), and at a low Arctic site situated at the limit between shrub and forest tundra (Umiujaq, 56°N). We use data from automatic measurement stations and manual measurements. A special attention is given to the snow thermal conductivity because very few data are available for Arctic regions. Results are interpreted in relation to vegetation type and atmospheric conditions. The numerical coupled model ISBA-Crocus is then used to simulate snow and soil properties at our sites. Results are compared to field data in order to evaluate the model capacity to accurately simulate the permafrost thermal regime. We managed to describe atmosphere-snow-vegetation interactions that shape the structure of Arctic snowpacks. Wind and the snow redistribution it induces are fundamental parameters governing snow height and thermal conductivity. A high vegetation cover (i.e. shrubs and forest) traps blowing snow and shields it from wind compaction. Vegetation growth thus favors the formation of an insulating snowpack which slows down or even prevents soil freezing. Furthermore, the shrubs woody structure supports the snow mass and prevents the resulting compaction of bottom snow layers. Thus sheltered, snow in shrubs develops a high insulating capacity which delays soil freezing. Continued atmospheric cooling increases the thermal gradient in the snow, maintaining large water vapor transfers from the soil and the snow basal layers to upper layers and atmosphere. The growth of depth hoar, enhanced by the large thermal gradient and the low snow density, results in the formation of highly insulating snow layers thus constituting a positive feedback loop between soil temperature and snow insulation. As long as the soil stays relatively warm, depth hoar growth persists. Finally, if warm spells occur in autumn, they can trigger the partial melting of the early snowpack which can cancel or temporarily reverse the insulating effect of snow-vegetation interactions. A frozen snow surface prevents snow drifting and its redistribution. The presence of highly conductive refrozen layers facilitates soil cooling and reduces the thermal gradient. An early snowpack affected by melting is thus less insulative which could hamper Arctic soil warming. Simulation results show that these different effects are not correctly represented in snow models. Errors in the estimated snow thermal conductivities are particularly problematic as they highly affect the simulation of soil freezing. Given the area of permafrost-affected regions, these errors on Arctic snow modelling could significantly impact climate simulations and the global warming projections

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
The experiment was carried out in the medicinal garden of the Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados UFGD, in the period from February to October 2006. The survey aimed to study the growth, development and yield of Bardana responding to five different spacing rows between the plants (40,0; 47,5; 55,0; 62,5 and 70,0 cm) and to the use - CCF (10 t ha-1) or not - SCF - of semi-decomposed poultry litter. All ten experimental designs were arranged in a factorial scheme 5x2 in randomized blocks with four replications. Plants were initially propagated in sowing polystyrene plates and then they were placed in double rows 50 cm far of each other. Harvest was done 180 days after transplanting. Plants averages of height (172 cm) and foliar area (20.704 cm-2) and roots averages of length (23,6 cm) and diameter (16,2 mm) were neither significantly influenced by the spacing nor positively influenced by the use or not of the semi-decomposed poultry litter. Highest and lowest values of leaves fresh (25.676 kg ha-1 and 15.217 kg ha-1) and dry (1.941,02 kg ha-1 e 1.104,61 kg ha-1) masses, of root number (490.750 ha-1 and 272.120 ha-1) and roots fresh (5.080,35 kg ha-1 and 3.546,25 kg ha-1) and dry (1.448,91 kg ha-1 and 1.051,31 kg ha-1) masses were found in 40,0 and 70,0 cm spaces respectively, showing linear decrease as spacing was increased. Dry leaves (12,84 g kg-1 and 0,33 g kg-1) and roots (4,11 g kg-1 and 0,13 g kg-1) mass rates of Nitrogen (N) and Phosphorous (P), respectively, were not significantly influenced by spacing but they were by the covering or not with chicken manure respectively
O experimento foi desenvolvido no Horto de Plantas Medicinais, da Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados - UFGD, no período de fevereiro a outubro de 2006. O objetivo foi estudar o crescimento, o desenvolvimento e a produção da bardana em resposta a cinco espaçamentos entre plantas (40,0; 47,5; 55,0; 62,5 e 70,0 cm) e ao uso - CCF (10 t ha-1) ou não - SCF de cobertura do solo com cama-de-frango semidecomposta. Os dez tratamentos foram arranjados como fatorial 5x2, no delineamento experimental blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. As plantas foram propagadas inicialmente em berços de isopor e, posteriormente, em canteiros, arranjadas em fileiras duplas, espaçadas de 50 cm entre elas. A colheita foi efetuada aos 180 dias após o transplante. As médias de altura (172 cm) e área foliar (20.704 cm-2) das plantas e as médias de comprimento (23,6 cm) e diâmetro das raízes (16,2 mm) não foram influenciadas significativamente pelos espaçamentos nem pela cobertura ou não do solo com cama-de-frango. Os maiores e menores valores para massas fresca (25.676 kg ha-1 e 15.217 kg ha-1) e seca (1.941,02 kg ha-1 e 1.104,61 kg ha-1) de folhas, para o número de raízes (490.750 ha-1 e 272.120 ha-1) e para as massas fresca (5.080,35 kg ha-1 e 3.546,25 kg ha-1) e seca (1.448,91 kg ha-1 e 1.051,31 kg ha-1) de raízes foram encontrados com os espaçamentos de 40,0 cm e de 70,0 cm entre plantas, respectivamente, mostrando decréscimo linear na medida em que aumentaram os espaçamentos. Os teores de nitrogênio (N) e de fósforo (P), respectivamente, nas massas secas de folhas (12,84 g kg-1 e 0,33 g kg-1) e de raízes (4,11 g kg-1 e 0,13 g kg-1) de bardana não foram influenciados significativamente pelos espaçamentos, mas sim pela cobertura ou não do solo com cama-de-frango respectivamente

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The experiment was carried out at Medicinal Plant Garden of the Federal University of South Mato Grosso UFMS, in Dourados, from October, 2004 to April, 2005. The objective was to evaluate the effect of incorporating phosphorus (P) and chicken manure (CM) to the soil on growth and yield of bardana. Five doses of phosphorus (4.3; 25.8; 43.0; 60.2 and 81.7 kg ha-1) in triple super phosphate (TSP) form, and five doses of semi-decomposed chicken manure (1,000; 6,000; 10,000; 14,000 and 19,000 kg ha-1) were studied. Nine treatments were defined using III Plan Puebla experimental Matrix: 4.3 and 6,000; 25.8 and 1,000; 25.8 and 6,000; 25.8 and 14,000; 43.0 and 10,000; 60.2 and 6,000; 60.2 and 19,000 and 81.7 and 14,000 kg ha-1, P and CM respectively. Treatments were arranged in a randomized block experimental design with four replications. Every plot had 4.5 m2 of area and twelve plants arranged in double rows with spaces of 0.50 m between plants and 0.54 m between rows. Sixty days after transplantation DAT, at each 10 days, the height of each plant was measured. On harvest, two competitive plants were taken from each plot. Maximum height of bardana (129.87 cm) was reached on 113 DAT with 60.2 and 14,000 t ha-1 of phosphorus and chicken manure, respectively, treatment. Leaf area, fresh and dried mass of total aerial part and fresh mass of leaves showed positive reaction isolately answer in relation to the studied factors. The highest values were registered for 81.7 and 1.000 kg ha-1 of P and CM treatment, respectively: 19,822.86 cm2; 48,999.73 kg ha- 1; 8,287.24 kg ha-1 and 22,869.64 kg ha-1. The highest yields of dried mass of leaves were related to the highest doses of chicken manure, while the highest yields of fresh mass of roots (2,435.57 and 2,000.98 kg ha-1) were related to the highest used doses of P and CM. Yield of dried mass of roots increased with P doses and intermediary doses of CM. Diameter and length of roots did not show significative differences between treatment and they were, in average, 9.07 mm and 18.64 cm. N contents in leaves were the highest under the highest doses of P and CM, but in roots they did not show significative differences as a function of treatments. P contents in leaves were independent on treatments, but in roots, the highest contents of phosphorus were obtained with the highest doses of chicken manure interacting with intermediary doses of P
O experimento foi desenvolvido no Horto de Plantas Medicinais, da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul UFMS, em Dourados, no período de outubro de 2004 a abril de 2005. O objetivo foi avaliar o efeito da incorporação ao solo de fósforo (P) e de cama-de-frango (CF) sobre o crescimento e a produção da bardana. Estudaram-se cinco doses de fósforo (4,3; 25,8; 43,0; 60,2; e 81,7 Kg ha-1), na forma de superfosfato triplo, e cinco doses de cama-de-frango de corte semidecomposta (1.000; 6.000; 10.000; 14.000 e 19.000 kg ha-1). Os nove tratamentos resultantes foram definidos usando a matriz experimental Plan Puebla III: 4,3 e 6.000; 25,8 e 1000; 25,8 e 6.000; 25,8 e 14.000; 43,0 e 10.000; 60,2 e 6.000; 60,2 e 14.000; 60,2 e 19.000 e 81,7 e 14.000 kg ha-1 de P e CF, respectivamente. Os tratamentos foram dispostos no delineamento experimental blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Cada parcela teve área de 4,5 m2, com doze plantas arranjadas em fileiras duplas, com espaçamento de 0,50 m entre plantas e 0,54 m entre fileiras. A partir dos 60 dias após o transplante- DAT, a cada dez dias, foram medidas as alturas de todas as plantas. Por ocasião da colheita, foram arrancadas duas plantas competitivas de cada parcela. A altura máxima da bardana (129,87cm) foi alcançada aos 113 DAT, com o tratamento de 60,2 e 14.000 kg ha-1 de P e cama-de-frango, respectivamente. A área foliar, massa fresca e seca da parte aérea total e massa fresca das folhas apresentaram resposta positiva isoladamente em relação aos fatores estudados, sendo os maiores valores obtidos com o tratamento 81,7 e 1.000 kg ha-1 de P e CF, respectivamente, a saber: 19.822,86 cm 2; 48.999,73 kg ha-1; 8.287,24 kg ha-1 e 22.869,64 kg ha-1, respectivamente. As maiores produções de massa seca das folhas ocorreram sob as maiores doses de cama-de-frango, enquanto as maiores produções de massa fresca das raízes (2.435,57 e 2.000,98 kg ha-1) foram obtidas sob as maiores doses de P e CF utilizadas. A produção de massa seca das raízes aumentou com as doses de P e doses intermediárias de CF. O diâmetro e o comprimento das raízes não apresentaram diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos e foram, em média, de 9,07 mm e 18,64 cm. Os teores de N nas folhas, foram maiores sob as maiores doses de P e de CF, mas nas raízes não apresentaram diferenças significativas em função dos tratamentos. Os teores de P nas folhas, foram independentes dos tratamentos, mas nas raízes, os maiores teores de fósforo foram obtidos com as maiores doses de cama-de-frango interagindo com as doses intermediárias de P

Orientador: João Leonel Jose
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: Foram estudadas as características fisico-químicas e teores de macro e micronutrientes das espécies das plantas medicinais Arctium lappa minor, Plantago major e Porophyllum ruderale. Através de aplicação de extratos aquosos das referidas plantas, efetuou-se testes de cicatrização em lesões nos dorsos de ratos Wistar, na dosagem de 1 gota ao dia, por quatorze dias. Usou-se os mesmos animais para controle com aplicação de água destilada em lesões-controle. Efetuou-se o sacrifício dos animais aos 3º, 7º, 11º e 14º dias e retirou-se os recidos tratados com os extratos e os tratados-controle para realizar-se os cortes histológicos, os quais foram histometrados em lentes Zeiss Kpl-W-10X, com 25 hits. Contou-se os fibroblastos, fibras colágenas e vasos sanguíneos para averiguação dos efeitos de cicatrização, confirmando que de fato as plantas em estudos atuam como cicatrizantes. Os dados levantados então, foram analisados estatisticamente, obtendo-se os resultados da eficácia do tratamento com os extratos comparados aos tratados-controle. Com respeito a atividade antimicrobiana, utilizamos os extratos hidroalcoólicos por maceração a frio, e constatamos a eficácia dos mesmos em relação a Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes tipo A e Streptococcus pyogenes tipo B, cedidos pelo Laboratório Prev Lab de Piracicaba. Tais testes foram efetuados de acordo com o método de difusão em discos (Método Kirbi-Bauer) pela técnica da diluição em tubos. Segundo, os dados obtidos nos testes de atividade antimicrobiana, os extratos deram prova de possuirem efeitos antimicrobiano
Abstract: Not informed.
Mestrado
Farmacologia
Mestre em Odontologia

This study concerns a long marine section (DSDP Site 380: Late Miocene to Present) and onshore exposed sections from the Late Miocene and/or Early Pliocene. The main target of this study is to reconstruct vegetation and climate in the North Anatolia and North Aegean region for the last 7 Ma. Two vegetation types were alternately dominant: thermophilous forests and open vegetations including Artemisia steppes. During the Late Miocene, most of the tropical and subtropical plants declined because of the climatic deterioration. However, some of them survived during the Late Pliocene, such as those which constituted coastal swamp forests (Glyptostrobus, Engelhardia, Sapotaceae, Nyssa) or composed deciduous mixed forests with mesothermic trees. Simultaneously, herbaceous assemblages became a prevalent vegetation component despite steppe elements (Artemisia, Ephedra, Hippophae rhamnoides) did not significantly develop. At 2.6 Ma, as a response to the onset of Arctic glaciations, subtropical elements rarefied despite some taxa persisted (Glyptostrobus, Engelhardia, Sapotaceae, Nyssa). In parallel, deciduous mixed forest assemblages composed of mesothermic trees (deciduous Quercus, Betula, Alnus, Liquidambar, Fagus, Carpinus, Tilia, Acer, Ulmus, Zelkova, Carya, Pterocarya) almost disappeared too while steppe environments strongly enlarged. Then, Artemisia steppic phases developed during longer temporal intervals than mesophilous tree phases all along the glacial-interglacial cycles (first with a period of 41 kyrs, then 100 kyrs). Since 1.8 Ma, herbaceous ecosystems including Artemisia steppes still continuously enlarged up today. Such an expansion of Artemisia steppes in the Ponto-Euxinian region was observed at the earliest Pliocene but their earliest settlement in Anatolia seems to have occurred in the Early Miocene. The development of the Artemisa steppes in Anatolia might result from the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau. Relictuous plants such as Carpinus orientalis, Pterocarya, Liquidambar orientalis, Zelkova persisted up today. This story can be explained by some influence of the Asian monsoon which reinforced as a result from the uplifted Tibetan Plateau.