Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Plantes des régions arides – Toxicologie'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 16 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Plantes des régions arides – Toxicologie.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Palici, Ionut-Florin. "Valorisation des activités biologiques de certaines espèces végétales sahariennes nord-africaines." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0321/document.
Full textThe Saharan desert is one of the most unfavorable areas, to the plant life. However, a small number of plants possesses both morphological and ecophysiological mechanisms ensuring their survival in the arid soil and on the sand dunes.It can be estimated that the secondary metabolism biosynthesizes considerable amounts of bioactive compounds, meant to ensure the development and the continuity of these species.The pharmacological properties of saharan plant extracts may bring benefits in the healing of certain microbial or proliferative diseases or contributes to the supply of antioxidants activities.The study of toxic properties is meant to enrich the knowledge of Saharan plants’bioactive potential.The biological activities of Anthyllis henoniana Coss., Centropodia forskalii (Vahl)Cope, Cornulaca monacantha Delile, Ephedra alata var. alenda (Stapf.) Trabut,Euphorbia guyoniana Boiss & Reut., Henophyton deserti Coss. & Durieu, Helianthemum confertum Dunal, Moltkiopsis ciliata (Forssk.) I.M.Johnst. and Spartidium saharae (Coss.& Durieu) Pomel have been studied. It can be seen that these species possess interesting properties, capitalized in the treatment of some human diseases. But, on the other hand in certain concentrations, extracts from these species may exhibit toxic effects onorganisms.Despite the extreme conditions, the Saharan desert represents the area of development for some valuable plant species, whose scientific knowledge is necessary
Sahli, Ramla. "Etude phytochimique de quelques plantes extrêmophiles tunisiennes et exploration de leurs activités biologiques." Thesis, Lille 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL2S016/document.
Full textResearch strategies of active natural products include ecological approaches. Extremophile plants, and in particular, halophytes and xerophytes, salt and drought-resistant plants, are a case in point. As they develop an arsenal of adaptation responses, including a powerful antioxidant system, they prove to be a promising source of biomolecules, especially in phenolic compounds. In this study, an assessment of biological activities was carried out on eight Tunisian halophyte and xerophyte plants that would offer new applications in public health-care, as well as in agriculture. Limonium virgatum (Willd.) Fourr. (Plumbaginaceae), a halophyte plant, showed interesting antioxidant and antibacterial activities in accordance to a high polyphenol content and to the presence of phenylpropanoides, respectively. Cirsium scabrum (Poir.) Bonnet & Barratte (Asteraceae), a xerophyte plant, revealed a cytotoxic potential involving cycloartane-type triterpenes, and a promising activity against Dermabacter hominis strains which is linked to the presence of glycosylated flavones. Juncus maritimus Lam. (Juncaceae), a halophyte plant, should be referred to a source of phenanthrene derivativeswith original biological activities. Juncunol showed a high activity against an amoxicillin-resistant strain of Streptococcus pyogenes. Effusol was highly active against the wheat pathogen (Zymoseptoria tritici), for which high salinity conditions would stimulate its activity in the rhizomes of the plant. Most interestingly, dehydrojuncusol, has been introduced as a novel inhibitor of hepatitis C virus replication that is effective against resistant mutants for which some treatments available on the market became ineffective
Cayrol, Pascale. "Assimilation de données satellitales dans un modèle de croissance de la végétation et de bilan d'énergie : application à des zones semi-arides." Toulouse, INPT, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPT040H.
Full textMonroy, Ata Arcadio. "Installation de plantes pérennes de la zone aride soumises à des contraintes hydriques contrôlées et à des coupes." Montpellier 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON20025.
Full textPetit, Daniel. "Contribution à l'étude de l'évolution des Carduées et Lactucées (Composées)." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20127.
Full textDeiri, Walid. "Contribution à l'étude phyto-écologique et de la potentialité pastorale en Syrie aride." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20315.
Full textChaieb, Mohamed. "Influence des réserves hydriques du sol sur le comportement comparé de quelques espèces végétales de la zone aride tunisienne." Montpellier 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON20126.
Full textAchard, François. "Evolution récente de la végétation dans six stations au Burkina Faso." Toulouse, INPT, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPT002A.
Full textOurcival, Jean-Marc. "Réponses de deux chaméphytes de la Tunisie présaharienne à différentes contraintes et perturbations." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20183.
Full textFlenet, Françis. "Adaptation du tournesol à la sécheresse : influence de l'intensité et du stade d'application de la contrainte hydrique." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30007.
Full textOsorio, Barahona Rodomiro. "Conséquences biologiques des variations du climat, de l'intensité de la coupe mécanique et du pâturage sur deux espèces arbustives de la région aride du Chili." Montpellier 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON20089.
Full textWalkowiak, Alain Michel. "Réponse à l'imprévisibilité de l'environnement : stratégies de quelques espèces annuelles de Basse-Californie (Mexique)." Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20264.
Full textPierre, Caroline. "Variabilité interannuelle des émissions d'aérosols minéraux en zone semi-aride sahélienne." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00921688.
Full textBertolami, Miguel Angel. "Structures paysagères, production et dégradation des steppes de Patagonie argentine, Département d'Escalante, Province de Chubut." Toulouse 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU20032.
Full textThe aim of this work is to study the primary production and degradation of the landscape units in the Escalante Department of Chubut Province in the Argentine Patagonia. The sheep grassing has be the most important element in the population development processes at regional level along the XXth century and also the causes of the desertification processes in the arid natural landscapes. In the southeast area of Chubut Province, with a strong rain gradient are delimitated landscape units, from the climatic; geomorphological; topographics and phytogeographical characteristics. In these units the primary production and degradation levels are evaluated, to the field measures and the LANDSAT 5 and 7 data. The results confirm the higher level of carrying capacity in the eastern units, but in some cases the floristic composition is most important than the simple biomass measures. In relation to environmental degradation, the western units are high values than the eastern ones; with the exception the edaphic conditionated units in the east. The vegetation index (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) of the remote sensings products of 1986, 1997 and 2001, with strong climatic differences, are an moderate correlation to the primary production and environmental degradation. By other hands, the use of NDVI to delimitation the primary production in the most degradated soils is very complex and the floristic composition indetected in the satellital data, take an important place in the primary productivity evaluation. The analysis of these results shows the satellital imagery importance to asses and monitoring arid environment and also the fragility of predictions in ecosystems with high level of climatical interannual variability
Ibrahim, Maimouna. "Impacts des changements d'usage des sols sur les ressources en eau souterraine au Sahel nigérien." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20046/document.
Full textIn semiarid sub-Saharan Africa, the rapid population growth (~3%.yr-1) during the past few decades has resulted in land clearing and large-scale conversion from savannah and fallow to rainfed or irrigation crop fields. The traditional duration of fallow has been also shortened. In order to estimate the impact of these land use changes on groundwater recharge, the vadose zone was investigated during three years (2009-2011) for two regions located in Niger (south-west and south-east).A qualitative analysis was first carried out for identifying vadose zone properties and for characterizing the corresponding water fluxes (0-10 m depth) for the main land use types: natural savannah; fallow; rainfed millet crop; and irrigated sweet pepper crop. Grain size and electrical resistivity profiles were established and soil water content and matric potential were monitored. Based on the results of this analysis, two more detailed investigations were performed.In southwestern Niger, in order to estimate changes in diffuse recharge from a fallow with Guiera senegalensis to a rainfed millet crop (Pennisetum sp.), a physically-based modeling with Hydrus-1D code was completed. Probability density functions were first built for the soil hydraulic parameters based on the GLUE approach; then, deep drainage (0-10 m depth) was simulated for a 2 × 100 year time-period including a fallow-millet conversion. It was shown that the increase in millet crop areas could result in an increase in deep drainage from 20 to 25 mm.yr-1 after a delay of 35 to 60 years.In southeastern Niger, in order to assess the impact of rainfed and irrigated cropping development on soil and groundwater salinization, major ion concentrations in pore water of the vadose zone were measured and compared with the geochemical composition of water inputs (rainfall, irrigation). It was shown that rainfed cropping does not affect soil water and groundwater quality whereas irrigation results in an increase of solutes concentrations in soil pore water, which could lead to a groundwater salinization at mid-term through soil leaching
Caiserman, Arnaud. "Adapter les stratégies agricoles aux évolutions socio-économiques et climatiques en milieu méditerranéen : comparaison de l'usage de l'eau et des choix de plantes des agriculteurs dans la plaine de la Békaa (Liban) et de Marvdasht (Iran)." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE3009.
Full textAccording to Köppen’s climate map, the semi-arid Mediterranean climate covers several countries in this region, including Lebanon and Iran. In order to regionalize the understanding of the water challenge of this region, two agricultural plains with similar characteristics were selected as study areas: the Bekaa plain in Lebanon and the Marvdahst plain in Iran. The Marvdasht plain is slightly drier and through climate change, the Bekaa plain will look like the present climate conditions of Marvdasht before 2100. It is therefore necessary to grasp the agricultural practices in the Marvdasht plain in order to imagine how Bekaa agriculture will look like in the future. Farmers must adapt their strategies to the local climate that is characterized by strong uncertainties (interannual variability of rainfall or frequent droughts) but also to economic uncertainties (prices’ variability). Despite (geo)political differences, some farmers in the Bekaa and Marvdasht have chosen strong water demanding crops, compared to the local renewable water resources. However, these crops are profitable on the market. In total, the water balances for the years under consideration are negative: in Marvdasht, farmers pumped 0,25 km3 of groundwater to meet the total irrigation needs, but the groundwater recharge was only 0,09 km3 in that year. In the Bekaa, this balance is also negative, but to a lesser extent: 0,15 km3 were pumped for a recharge of 0,1 km3. In both cases, irrigation needs are therefore higher than renewable water. They have therefore promoted market adaptation rather than sustainable resource management. Thus, the reasons for crop choices were closely analysed through field surveys and certain remote sensing methods to generate crop maps. The net irrigation requirements of crops are also estimated through remote sensing. Indeed, water needs determine whether or not farmers promote climate change adaptation strategies with relevant crop choices. This regional imbalance at the expense of resources stems from the productivism in the early 1950s. This paradigm is rooted on farm’s profitability and a more ambitious political objective, food self-sufficiency, especially in Iran. This causes an overexploitation of groundwater for irrigation and thus a lowering of groundwater by several tens of meters since the 1980s. Some alternatives consist of growing plants with high added value and modest water requirements: saffron, canola, quinoa and cannabis (in Lebanon). We have highlighted these alternative crops since their cultivation on large areas could save millions of water cubic meters each year. Still not widely cultivated, these plants need incentive markets to attract the interest of agricultural stakeholders. This operational part thus analyses the reasons for this lukewarm success in order to find incentive markets. Such local markets would strengthen a more sustainable agricultural policy than restrictive measures on water management that farmers always manage to circumvent