Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Plantes et civilisation – Japon'
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Letouzey, Émilie. "Petits arrangements avec le vivant : relations contrariées aux plantes horticoles dans la région d’Ōsaka." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU20029.
Full textThis Phd thesis is about horticulture, relations to plants, human relations around plants, and conceptions of life and living things in Japan. It presents an ethnographic fieldwork conducted among two groups of cultivators in the Ōsaka metropolitan area (2013-2017): volunteers cultivating a wisteria (Wisteria floribunda) in the Fukushima district of Ōsaka, and professional producers growing plum, peach and cherry in the Higashino neighborhood in Itami. In order to monitor these emblematic plants to “bloom” (sakaseru), the cultivators practice traditional horticultural characterized by a fastidious shaping of each plant, and they skillfully display the flowers. However, upsetting events such as lack of bloom or the outbreak of a plant disease (specifically a plum virus) put into question a technical control of plants that was taken for granted. Cultivators are led to modify their practices, and also the way they of appreciate the plants. These actions and assessments lead to inferences, allowing to question the status of plants, and how they work. There are two main purposes in this research. On the one hand, an ethnography of Japanese horticulture, focusing on a description of local social life and the technical actions observed during fieldwork. On the other hand, drawing on an "anthropology of life" engaged with the concrete manipulations of living beings that are both organisms and artefacts, the aim is to grasp the conceptions of life and living things, may that be a flower festival or part of a phytosanitary plan
Parmentier, Marie. "L'évolution de la perception et des théories relatives aux couleurs dans le Japon de l'époque d'Edo (1603-1868) et de l'ère Meiji (1868-1912)." Paris, INALCO, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012INAL0019.
Full textThe perception of color, as it appears nowadays in Japan, has been formed from various foreign influences, essentially from China first, then from the West. The western ones which take place during the Edo period and the Meiji era have played an evident role in its formation. Until the contacts with the West, the Japanese perception of color is characterized by a specific sensibility to coloring materials and by a theoretical, speculative and global frame inherited from China, which represents an almighty reference for any answer about color. No rational or scientific researches about the nature of color had been conducted so far, as they weren’t justified. Yet, these kinds of questions rise as western influences, which introduce modern science, reach Japan. From that point in time, the scientific definition of color inherited from the West gets more and more impact on Japanese thought. Confidential during the Edo period, its influence intensifies as the years go by. The process of its adoption brutally increases when Japan decides to adopt a modernization and westernization policy during the Meiji era. This definition is now integrated and undisputed. It constitutes one of the facets of the way Japanese see and define color. Two subjects are particularly representative of the western influence, as they are commons in contemporary Japanese perception of color : the three primary colors theory first, and then the characterization of color in physics. They reach Japan during the Edo period but it is during the Meiji era that they are systematically studied, adopted, and diffused to the population. Nowadays, neither of these two points is questioned any more
Duquesne, Arnaud. "Modernisation et cinéma au Japon : Sémio-pragmatique et sujet." Lyon 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO31009.
Full textOur thesis want to study the notion of modern subject inside the manifestation of Imagination. This subject is a mental one opposed to the cogito one. It is based on the iconicity of the tought. It is developped in the net of the language, the desire, the society and the individual. The central question is how society and individual construct a mirror representation of them throught aesthetics action, althought they cant recognize themselves in these representation. The field of investigation is the japanese cinema since the 60's and Oshima to nowadays with Kiyoshi kurosawa. We attempt to make a link between mental subject, japanese subject, and spectator subject : all are practicing what we can call a multimedia language in opposition of vernacular tongue. Their identity is found in the symbolism of their relation and not inside themselve contrary to the notion of subjectivity and ego
Guillain, Lionel. "L' expérience de la réalité intérieure par la voie du Nô." Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010650.
Full textPortier, Anne. "L'influence des idées politiques occidentales sur le système politique japonais." Bordeaux 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR10001.
Full textThe contemporary japanese political system seems to be essentially the resyult of the western influence. Nevertheless, the logical analysis of the imperial institution and ideology shows that some japanese values, non dualist and adaptative, are unvarying, bayond the historical changes. On another hand, the introduction of democratic institutions has created an important change. But japan has been able to use its own values code to adapt the democratic ideas, dualist and conflictual. The differences between the japanese political system and its western pattern can be explained in this way
Chen, Hsiu-Ping. "Le métier du parfumeur en France et l'art de l'encens au Japon - Contribution à une sociologie de l'olfaction." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00573927.
Full textNespoulous, Laurent. "Une histoire de la protohistoire japonaise : De la genèse de l'agriculture à la formation des sociétés archaïques complexes du Vème millénaire avant notre ère au VIème siècle de notre ère." Paris, INALCO, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INAL0022.
Full textThis thesis is an attempt for a better understanding of Japan's agrarian societies' genesis and their ongoing complexification. We gather data from the earliest times of the Holocene to the very end of archaic complex societies before the birth of classical State by the end of the 7th century AD. Japanese archaeological field is rather unknown in Europe, and our research aims both at introducing it synthetically, and at confronting it to European centered interpretative models. The thesis is composed of 2 parts assorted with a glossary, and structured along 2 main themes: agriculture and its evolutinary issues on the one hand, and, on the other hand, "political power" and elite's strategies to keep it for themselves. Chapters 1 and 2 are conceived around "agricultural issues", those its spreading (neolithisation), and are based upon data from the Jômon (10th millennium - 5th Century BC) and the Yayoi Period (5th Century BC - Middle of the 3rd Century AD). Chapters 3, 4, and 5 deal with political power issues, paying particular attention to, respectively: chronological division concerning the existence of political power in the Japanese arc (Yayoi and Kofun Periods); the rise of "Chiefdoms"; and at the genesis of what we call an "Age of the Princes", bringing Japanese protohistorical societies to a high level of complexity during the Kofun Period (Middle of 3rd Century - 7th Century). Finally, we will see that protohistory in Japan benefits from being compared to European field and from being brought into a morre "universal" interpretive field
Nogueira, Ramos Martin. "Crypto-christianisme et catholicisme dans la société villageoise japonaise (XVIIe-XIXe)." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA070088.
Full textThis study is about Catholic and hidden Christian village communities in Japan during the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries. My aim was to determine if these communities, due to their particular religious background, presented distinguishing features in their social and economical organization and also to think about the importance of religion to the daily life of the peasantry. My work is divided into six chapters. The first one, which is about the 17th century, shows how the feudal authorities set up antichristian repression and how Christians organized themselves to face it. The second, which concerns the organization of hidden Christian communities during the period of secrecy (end of 17th century-1865), and the third, which is related to the propagation of Catholicism in the region of Nagasaki between 1865 and the beginning of the 1870s, present the high level of organization of this population and its extreme mobility. In the fourth chapter, I study the beliefs of the 19 h century hidden Christians and Catholics. The firth chapter is centered on the reaction of shogunal and imperial authorities to the resurgence of the Christian question between 1865 and 1873, the year in which toleration of this religion begins. The last chapter is about affirmation of Catholicism and its clergy in the village society of Kyūshū between 1873 and the granting of freedom of religion in 1889. Representative documents of the primary sources used for this study are included (peasants' accounts, missionary correspondence, administrative reports) in the appendix
Marquet, Christophe. "Le peintre Asai Chû (1856-1907) et le monde des arts à l'époque Meiji." Paris, INALCO, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INAL0018.
Full textRingger, Beat. "Corps et santé chez Kaibara Ekiken (1630-1714) : représentations socio-culturelles dans le Japon pré-moderne." Paris, EPHE, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995EPHE4033.
Full textIn a previous study (what is the use of health, inalco, paris, 1993), we tried to give some body and health representations from kaibara ekiken's yojokun (health precepts, 1713). The present thesis goes further in this research. The body in the yojokun, strongly influenced by chinese and japanese neo-confucianism, is understood as a dynamic and functionnal unit having very small anatomical bases. The role of the resulting health practices illustrated by body cleansing, gymnastics, eating, is rather to strengthen positive principles than to inhibit negative one's. The remaining question on which we tried to answer is the one of the actuality of this how-to-do-book on heath from the beginning of the xviiith century
Abe, Asuka. "Inshô-ha : diffusion et réception de l'école française dite "impressionniste" au Japon entre 1945 et 1985." Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010688/document.
Full textThe Japanese seem to have a predilection for the impressionist paintings. Exhibitions gathering their paintings are organized every year and crowds of fans visit them. The reception of works of art in a society depends not only on a shared concept of Art, but also on the factors allowing the operation of Art - the museums, exhibitions, viewers and collectors. How did this country, culturally and geographically located so far from Europe, absorb this concept strange 10 their culture and become one of the most important consumers of Impressionist painting? This thesis aims to study the reception and the dissemination of Impressionist painting in Japan between 1945 and 1985. In the first part, I focus on the different stakeholders of the Art system in Japan, actors and vectors of the reception and dissemination of Impressionist paintings: major newspapers, department stores, art collections, art education, reproductions. Major newspapers played an important role as organizers of exhibitions and department stores, as important venues. In the second part, I study the reception of four pa inters - Monet, Renoir, Cezanne and Van Gogh - which the Japanese consider as Impressionists (lnshô-ha), who have gained a particularly significant popularity and whose reception and dissemination occurred in different ways. Focusing on Impressionist painting, our study also describes the expansion of the concept of Art in Japan
Soum, Jean-François. "Nakae Tôju (1608-1648) et Kumazawa Banzan (1619-1691) : esquisse d'une étude de leur pensée." Paris, INALCO, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INAL0015.
Full textBlanchette, Jean-Noël. "Le syndrome perroquet." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/62150.
Full textLes arts martiaux japonais proposent différentes approches dont Fune vise le développement spirituel de l’être. Or, en s’acculturant, cette vision originale des arts martiaux n ’aurait-elle pas dû s'ouvrir à d’autres horizons spirituels, tel le christianisme, par exemple? Ce n’est malheureusement pas le cas. Dans la culture francophone occidentale, l’approche spirituelle repose sur un rapport exclusif entre Fart martial et la tradition religieuse japonaise, dont le zen. L’objectif de cette recherche est d’amorcer une réflexion critique sur ce type de rapport exclusif. Pour atteindre cet objectif, après avoir exploré certaines avenues, nous avons choisi de référer à un exemple représentatif: Roland Habersetzer. Auteur de nombreux ouvrages sur les arts martiaux, Habersetzer se distingue plus particulièrement dans le domaine du karaté, où il est passé maître. Dans l’un de ses ouvrages, il oriente le discours spirituel du karaté dans un rapport exclusif avec le bouddhisme zen. Nous contestons la thèse d’Habersetzer en nous appuyant sur une relecture de la dimension spirituelle des arts martiaux japonais. À cet effet, nous avons postulé que la dimension spirituelle des arts martiaux est une création culturelle, l’aboutissement d’une tension dynamique entre deux pôles de la culture japonaise: le profane et le sacré. C’est à partir de cette perspective que nous avons abordé notre investigation, basée sur une méthodologie mettant l’accent sur l’analyse de contenu. Notre exploration nous a permis de démontrer que le discours actuel soutenu par le maître Habersetzer trahit le sens fondamental que la culture japonaise véhicule sur la dimension spirituelle des arts martiaux dans son propre pays. À partir d’un objectif qui vise essentiellement le développement spirituel de la personne, la diversité des options religieuses et martiales offrent, au lapon, un éventail de possibilités. En ne tenant pas compte de ce point de vue, le discours d’Habersetzer encourage l’existence d’une situation contradictoire qui prive actuellement les Occidentaux d’un héritage spirituel qui leur permettrait d’aborder un art martial à partir de leurs propres convictions religieuses.
Talbot, Delphine. "Relations Europe-Asie dans la conception de tendances et les pratiques tinctoriales : essai d'ethno-poïétique." Toulouse 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOU20111.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to build an “ethno-poietics”, questioning the operating complementarity between “poietic” (cf. René Passeron) and ethnography. The earliest, central to this study, is considered as the science and philosophy of creative instauration, attentive to the dynamic feature uniting the homo faber and its implementation process. The latest, complementary, focuses as much on the investigator driven by his desire to understand a divergences-made ever-transforming diversity, as on the singularities of the ethnos he comes across while on the field. Ethno-poietics raises the matter of cartographic conception as a dynamic representation. Its objectives are to translate some "effets-mondes" (cf. Barbara Cassin: sophistic) as structuring modelizations (including byroads) and the active fictionalisations from the investigator-conceiver (playing with randomness), but also to conceive chromatic landscapes from singular cultural-materials, considering the relation between the dyer, the coloring material and its place of origin. To find useful creation materials, a study will be carried on tinctorial Japanese practices and on tendencies conception (design management). It will combine "images places" and identification-processes performative utterances, the interaction between memory and imagination shall be assessed on several levels throughout the analysis. In fine, "practices-uses", symbolisations and traditional methods will be made ours in a contemporary artistic practice. A new way of thinking the relation, will establish itself between the lines of study
Robert, Jean-Noël. "Les doctrines de l'ecole japonaise tendai au debut du 9e siecle : le hokke-shu gi shu de gishin." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA070114.
Full textThe tendai school of buddhism, born in china in the 6th cent. Ad, was officially recognized as an independent school in japan at the beginning of the 9th cent. , due to the efforts of the japanese monk saicho. Tendai played an important part in the evolution of non-indian buddhist thought of the 3 major far-eastern countries, china, korea, japan. In our days, the school still exists independently only in japan, where it boasts hundreds of temples and monasteries and thousands of monks. Our study aims at showing the state of tendai dogmatics as it is attested in japan in the work of monk gishin (781-833), well known for being the first patriarch (zasu) of japanese tendai, but still somehow shrouded in mystery. The major part of our work is devoted to the translation and comentary to the treatise compiled by gishin and presented to the imperial court around 830, the tendai hokke-shu gi shu or "compendium of the doctrines of the lotus school tendai", which we compare with its chinese sources as well as with two other texts, a korean one from the 10th century (the ch'ontae sakyo-ui) and a chinese one of the 8th cent. (the bajiao dayi) ; both were well known in japan, the former even getting to be there the most wide-spread introductory manual to the school. We thus were able to evidence the breadth of gishin's work, his orthodoxy, together with his method of outting and rehandling his sources, which illustrates a remarkable expertise for a man who was but the first in japan to systematize the maze of tendai doctrines. That brought us to ask ourselves why this work did not enjoy in its own country the success it deserved. It was a question for history to answer and we established in our historical inquiry that gishin was definitely not a second-rate character but an important personality who got involved in internal strives inside the school, where his supporters were defeated. His work fell victim to its author's fate and thus remained neglected for a long time, to the point that our thesis is the first overall study bearing on it
Talou, Daniel. "Le khat (Catha edulis Forsk), une plante pas comme les autres : approches botanique, pharmacotoxicologique et ethnosociologique du khat à Djibouti et au Yemen." Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR2P088.
Full textBalduini, Émilie. "Les plantes dans le monde minoen : espèces, préparation, utilisations." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAG016.
Full textToday, Crete offers a rich and partially unique flora. The aim of this thesis is to study plants in the Minoan world (Crete and Akrotiri, Thera), by identifying the species thanks to diverse media, by analyzing the methods of preparation and uses which Minoans could make of these plants. The first part of our work is an iconographic catalog which lists plants in art, writings and scientific analyses. Previous studies focus on the identification of floral patterns or a specific plant, and relationships between men and plants are not or not much analyzed. The special feature of our approach is to be completed by a contextual analysis which allows to compensate for this gap. The second part of our researches concerns the preparation of plants, that is to say the attention which they required before being used in everyday life. The possible fields being numerous, our study focuses on the use of plants in religion and in textile industry
Leclerc, Frédérique Rama. "Des modes de socialisation par les plantes chez les Shipibo-Conibo d'Amazonie péruvienne : une étude des relations entre humains et non-humains dans la construction sociale." Paris 10, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA100158.
Full textAbgrall, Corentin. "Réponse de la flore, de la faune du sol et de leur substrat à l'introduction d'espèces exotiques envahissantes végétales." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR056/document.
Full textInvasive alien plants are species introduced and naturalized outside of their native distribution range and which have the capacity to maintain and expand their population. Some of these species are considered to be ecosystem transformers by altering their structure, functioning as well as resident animal and plant communities. These induced alterations make some of these species undesirable through their ecological and economical impacts. The work presented in this thesis aimed at a better understanding of the impact of biological invasions by alien plants. The soil fauna, native vegetation and their substrate, as well as ecosystem functioning, were studied at different spatial scales. Two exotic alien species, invasive in Europe, were considered as biological models for this work: the black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) and the Japanese knotweed (Reynoutria japonica). Firstly, a global meta-analysis demonstrated the positive impact that plant invasions can exert on the abundance of some groups within the soil fauna, notably primary consumers, within different types of habitats (open or closed). Then, a large-scale study on the black locust revealed the differences that can can occur in the response of forest ecosystems to invasions along a latitudinal gradient. Study sites along this gradient, distributed amog four distinct regions in western Europe, exhibit differences in climate and dominant native vegetation which can alter the impact of the black locust. A detailed study on black locust impact in Normandy demonstrated the impact of R. pseudoacacia on native plant and soil fauna communities, as well as some ecosystem functions, in comparison to two native tree species. Finally, a laboraty experiment demonstrated the impact that allelopathic compounds extracted from Japanese knotweed rhizomes can have on some organisms within the soil fauna. This study showed that some invasive alient plants can influence the soil fauna, and soil food webs, through their secondary metabolism. This thesis illustrates that simultaneous study of both aboveground and belowground ecosystem compartments at different spatial scales is of interest in the context of biological invasions
Hayashi, Mari. "Images de femmes dans la littérature japonaise contemporaine, 1935-1975: cas des nouvelles couronnées par le prix Akutagawa." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210557.
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Doctorat en sciences sociales, Orientation sociologie
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Herpigny, Basile. "Comparative approach of population biology and functional ecology of Fallopia japonica, F. sachalinensis and F. xbohemica in Belgium." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209627.
Full textsusceptibles de sous-tendre des variations de capacité d'invasion, au sein du complexe de plantes envahissantes F. japonica, F. xbohemica et F. sachalinensis en Belgique. Ces trois taxons d'origine asiatique présentent un intérêt majeur en écologie des invasions car ils possèdent une aptitude à l'invasion contrastée bien qu'ils fassent partie du même complexe hybride, aient la même forme de vie, et la même distribution géographique.
En particulier, la thèse examine si Fallopia sachalinensis présente une combinaison particulière de traits fonctionnels liés à la capture et à l'utilisation des ressources susceptible d'expliquer sa capacité d'invasion plus faible. La thèse tâche également de déterminer si les hybrides sont intermédiaires entre les parents pour ces traits ou manifestent des propriétés originales susceptibles
d'entraîner un comportement plus invasif. Les traits fonctionnels pris en considération comprennent notamment l'architecture des parties aériennes, le SLA (surface foliaire spécifique), les teneurs foliaires en nutriments, la vitesse de décomposition des litières et la plasticité phénotypique de ces caractères. La stratégie scientifique repose sur trois approches complémentaires:
- des comparaisons in situ entre les taxons dans des sites ou ils coexistent;
- des cultures en conditions semi-contrôlées au jardin expérimental;
- une expérience de décomposition des litières.
Les résultats mettent en lumière la stratégie unique de capture et d'utilisation des ressources
de F. sachalinensis, ainsi que ses réponses plastiques moins adaptées (moins d'accroissement de la hauteur et de la surface foliaire totale en réponse a l'ombre, et de la biomasse et du nombre de tiges en réponse a une augmentation de la fertilité du sol). Cette stratégie contribue a sa capacité d'invasion plus faible en réduisant son efficacité d'utilisation et de capture de la lumière et des nutriments. D'autre part, l'hybride ne présente pas de valeurs transgressives pour les traits étudiés et est similaire à F. japonica en termes de traits et de plasticité. Toutefois, le nombre limité de
populations hybrides étudiées ne nous permet pas d'en conclure que l'hybride ne présente pas de
variation transgressive a l'échelle européenne. De plus, la variabilité génétique de l'hybride pourrait permettre une évolution future de sa capacité d'invasion, ce qui en fait une priorité pour la prévention et la gestion a l'échelle mondiale. / The objective of the thesis is to examine variation and evolution of functional traits that are susceptible to underlie variation of invasiveness in the invasive complex of Fallopia japonica, F. xbohemica and F. sachalinensis in Belgium. These three taxa originate from Asia and present a major interest in invasion ecology since they display contrasting invasiveness although they are part of the same hybrid complex, have the same life form and distribution area.
In particular, we ask if F. sachalinensis displays a specific combination of functional traits related to resource capture and use that is susceptible to explain its lower invasiveness. We also try to determine if the hybrids have intermediary trait values or if they show specific properties susceptible to increase their invasiveness. Functional traits measured include architecture, SLA (specific leaf area), nutrient foliar concentrations, litter decomposition rate and phenotypic plasticity of the same traits. Scientific strategy uses three different methods:
- in situ comparisons between the taxa in sites where they coexist;
- common gardens with semi controlled conditions;
- litter decomposition experiment.
Results show the unique strategy of F. sachalinensis concerning resource capture and use, as well as its less adaptive plastic responses (smaller increase of height and total leaf area in response to shade, and of biomass and shoot number in response to soil fertility). This strategy contributes to its lower invasiveness through a reduction in light and nutrient capture and use efficiency. The hybrid does not display transgressive variation for the studied traits and is similar to F. japonica concerning its traits and its plasticity. However, the limited number of hybrid accessions does not allow to conclude that the hybrid presents no transgressive variation throughout Europe. Moreover, genetic variability in the hybrid might allow future evolution of its invasiveness, making the hybrid a priority for prevention and management throughout the world.
Doctorat en Sciences
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