Journal articles: 'Plantes – Ghana'

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Adu-Gyamfi, Samuel, Kwasi Amakye-Boateng, Henry Tettey Yartey, Aminu Dramani, and Victor Nii Adoteye. "Nuclear Energy in Ghana? History, Science and Policy." Journal of Social and Development Sciences 8, no. 3 (December 13, 2017): 11–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jsds.v8i3.1972.

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This paper discusses the issue of nuclear energy in Ghana, although the country is not operating a nuclear plant, the study focuses on the energy crisis that persistently hit the country and governmentâ€™s plans to opt for nuclear energy as part of Ghanaâ€™s energyâ€™s mix to cater for the shortfalls in Ghanaâ€™s electricity generation. Ghana after independence decided to add nuclear energy into its energy mix to promote industrialization and make Ghana an industrial hub and investment destination as well as make it a net exporter of power in Africa. In spite of this plan for a nuclear plant resurfacing within contemporary discourse, there has been a strong opposition against the country going nuclear, citing some safety and security issues which are sometimes fueled by lack of an in depth knowledge of what nuclear energy really entails. Qualitative research approach was employed to investigate Ghanaâ€™s drive for attaining its initial plans for a nuclear plant. Data has been retrieved from both primary and secondary sources. The analysis of the data collected revealed that Ghanaâ€™s inability to operate a nuclear plant is as a result of fear of a nuclear disaster like it happened at Three Mile Island in Pennsylvania, USA, Chernobyl in Ukraine and Fukishima Daichi in Japan, as well as the safety of the nuclear plants and the radioactive wastes emitted into the environment. The study revealed that this fear of people regarding nuclear energy is over-emphasized and again the major nuclear disasters that have rocked the world were caused by human error; in most cases security warnings were ignored. The study established that the delay in executing the plans are due to monetary challenges since building a nuclear plant involves a lot of money. This notwithstanding, Ghana has enough skilled nuclear scientists to manage the countryâ€™s nuclear plants should any be built.

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Agyarko, K., E. Darteh, and B. Berlinger. "Metal levels in some refuse dump soils and plants in Ghana." Plant, Soil and Environment 56, No. 5 (May 7, 2010): 244–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/13/2010-pse.

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Concentrations of Cd, Hg, Pb, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo and As were determined in soils and leaves of plants from refuse dumpsites and background soils in two cities, a municipality and a rural community in Ghana, using a ThermoFinnigan Element 2 high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric (HR-ICP-MS) instrument. The refuse dump soils were classified between 'Uncontaminated to Moderate' and 'Strongly Contaminated'. Pollution levels for Cd (Igeo = 2.06–2.40) and Zn (Igeo = 2.95–3.36) were higher than of the other metals. The refuse dump soil from the rural community was the least polluted with the metals. Fe and Ni loads in plants from the refuse dump soils in the cities and the municipality were beyond the normal ranges of 40–500 µg/g (Fe) and 0.02–5.00 µg/g (Ni). Transfer ratios for Cd, Hg, Cu, Zn and Pb and Fe of plants from the background soils were higher than those from the refuse dump soils, which might be due to the higher levels of organic matter, pH, phosphate, Ca and Mg in the refuse dump soils.

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Awuah-Nyamekye, Samuel. "Belief in Sasa: Its Implications for Flora and Fauna Conservation in Ghana." Nature and Culture 7, no. 1 (March 1, 2012): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/nc.2012.070101.

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The rate of depletion of plants and animal species in Ghana has assumed an alarming dimension, and the government is finding it difficult to control the process. Several factors account for this. A major one is the neglect of the traditional ecological knowledge prevalent in the culture of Ghana. Sasa is the Akan word for the spirit believed to be found in some plants and animals. This paper examines the role of sasa in flora and fauna conservation in Ghana. Traditional Ghanaians have a strong belief that some plants and animals have special spirits, which when cut (as in the case with plants) or killed (animals) can bring serious harm to the person. Thus, such plants and animals are not eliminated. This paper argues that sasa as an Akan indigenous conservation tool can complement the modern means of nature conservation in Ghana.

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R. Amorin, E. Broni-Bediako,. "Evaluation of the Operations of Liquefied Petroleum Gas Refilling Plants in Ghana – A Case Study." Journal of Energy and Natural Resource Management 3, no. 1 (February 24, 2018): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.26796/jenrm.v3i1.53.

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The demand for Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) in Ghana has increased over the years since the Government LPG PromotionProgramme in 1990 and has resulted in the rise of the operations of LPG refilling plants in Ghana especially in the urbanareas. The operations of these refilling plants have raised a lot of concerns among the general public over the years due to itsassociated accidents. The study aimed at evaluating the operations of LPG refilling plants in Ghana using Tarkwa as the studyarea. It adopted survey as its research design and supported with literature review. The main instrument used for data collectionwas a questionnaire. Data collected from five refilling plants were analysed using statistical methods as well as the gradingcriteria prescribed by National Petroleum Authority (NPA) of Ghana. None of the LPG refilling plants attained “Grade A”. It isrecommended that there should be constant monitoring on the operations of LPG refilling plants to ensure total compliance withstandards.

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ADDAI, Isaac Kwahene. "Selection in the M2 Generation of Soybeans (Glycine Max (L.) Merill) irradiated with Cobalt – 60 Gamma Irradiation in the Guinea Savannah Agroecology of Ghana." Ghana Journal of Science, Technology and Development 6, no. 1 (May 7, 2019): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.47881/127.967x.

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Field studies were conducted at the research fields of the University for Development Studies, Ghana from July to November, 2014 and June to October 2015. The studies were aimed at investigating the effect of gamma irradiation on growth and grain yield of soybean. Seeds of soybean variety Jenguma were subjected to gamma irradiation at 150, 200, 250 and 300 Gy from the 60Co source at the Biotechnology and Nuclear Agricultural Research Institute of the Ghana Atomic Energy Commission in Accra, Ghana. The irradiated seeds and some unirradiated control (0 Gy) were planted during the 2014 cropping season in a randomized complete block design with three replications. At harvest, all M1 seeds for respective gamma ray doses were harvested and composited, and advanced to the M2 generation during the cropping season of 2015. In M1, gamma irradiation significantly (P < 0.05) affected seedling emergence. There was significant reduction in survival of seedlings especially from the 150 Gy. Seedling heights of the irradiated species were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced. Number of days to 50% flowering was also significantly (P < 0.05) affected. In M2, more desired traits were found from plants irradiated with the 200 Gy and 250 Gy doses, with only few in the 150 Gy and 300 Gy treated plants. There was a potential for total grain yield improvement. Numbers of pods per plant and seed weight were the key parameters found to influence grain yield. Maturity period was also found to be shorter in the selected plants. The shattering resistance of plants in the 200 Gy and 250 Gy was found to be a potential improvement over the parental variety ‘Jenguma’ which was originally bred for that purpose. Selected plants would be advanced into M3 generation for further studies and results will be published

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Caulton, E. "Book Review: Useful Plants of Ghana." Outlook on Agriculture 20, no. 2 (June 1991): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072709102000218.

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Domozoro, C. Y. F., C. C. Wilcock, M. D. Swaine, and A. H. Price. "Diversity of Poisonous Plants and their Antidotes, Affecting Ruminant Livestock Production on Rangelands in Ghana." Ghana Journal of Science 61, no. 2 (January 31, 2021): 118–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gjs.v61i2.12.

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The survival of the extensive livestock system, the practice for most farmers in the livestock industry in Ghana depends heavily on the natural pastures as forage resource. To efficiently use the rangelands, knowledge of the species composition, especially that of poisonous plants is essential. Documented knowledge in Ghana is scanty; documentation and dissemination of the knowledge resource would enable a wider access and wider benefit to stakeholders. A study was conducted in Ghana on poisonous plants with the aim to discover the existence and diversity of poisonous plants and associated antidotes affecting livestock for documentation and preservation of knowledge. 70 different items were cited; 22 were poisonous plants for which antidotes were not cited, 28 were poisonous plants with known antidotes and 32 antidotes. There were 575 citations of plants from 194 reported cases of suspected plant poisoning, categorized as poisonous plants for which no antidotes were cited (146), poisonous plants with cited antidotes (147) and antidotes (282). 50 plants species were identified and belonged to 29 plant families. Some plants were known only by local names. There was an extensive knowledge of the diversity of poisonous plants and antidotes within the ecological zones along with possible antidotes.

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Abrokwah, Francis, Henry Dzahini-Obiatey, Isaac Galyuon, Francis Osae-Awuku, and Emmanuelle Muller. "Geographical Distribution of Cacao swollen shoot virus Molecular Variability in Ghana." Plant Disease 100, no. 10 (October 2016): 2011–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-01-16-0081-re.

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Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) was introduced into West Africa from South America during the nineteenth century. However, cacao swollen shoot disease (CSSD) was first observed in Ghana in 1936 and, later, discovered in Nigeria, Côte d’Ivoire, Togo, and Sierra Leone. The objectives of this work were to assess the genetic diversity and spatial distribution of the Cacao swollen shoot virus (CSSV) in Ghana and investigate the origin and spread of the virus by identifying alternative host plants. Results obtained from polymerase chain reaction amplifications and phylogenetic relationship analyses of infected cacao and alternative host plants collected from the cacao-growing regions in Ghana revealed the existence of nine CSSV groups, A, B, C, E, G, J, K, L and M, with six groups detected for the first time in Ghana. The CSSV groups in Ghana are very divergent and correspond to at least five different putative species, according to the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses recommendations (A, B-C complex, G, E, and M), with the M species only being detected in the alternate host Ceiba pentandra. The spatial distribution of the different molecular groups in Togo, Côte d’Ivoire, and Ghana makes it difficult to predict a single origin for CSSV among the West African cacao-growing countries.

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Brentu, Collinson F., Paul R. Speijer, Kim R. Green, Barbara M. S. Hemeng, Dirk De Waele, and Daniel L. Coyne. "Micro-plot evaluation of the yield reduction potential of Pratylenchus coffeae, Helicotylenchus multicinctus and Meloidogyne javanica on plantain cv. Apantu-pa (Musa spp., AAB-group) in Ghana." Nematology 6, no. 3 (2004): 455–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568541042360537.

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Abstract The damage potential of the plant-parasitic nematodes Pratylenchus coffeae, Helicotylenchus multicinctus and Meloidogyne javanica, was assessed on plantain (Musa spp., AAB-group) cv. Apantu-pa in microplots in Ghana. Hot water treated suckers, planted in 3 l plastic bags containing sterilised soil, were inoculated 1 month after planting with a single nematode species or a nematode species mixture; controls were not inoculated. The initial single species inocula consisted of 1000 or 10 000 nematodes per plant, whilst the initial species mixture inoculum consisted of 3000 nematodes of each nematode species per plant. Two months after planting, the suckers were transplanted into micro-plots (0.7 m3 concrete containers filled with sterilised soil). Inoculation of single species at either density resulted in lower (P ≤ 0.05) bunch weights of the mother plants (between 23-33% lower) than the noninoculated control plants, whilst bunch weights of plants inoculated with the species mixture were 18% lower (P ≤ 0.05). Nematode damage indices (% dead roots, root necrosis and sucker corm lesions) were more severe in P. coffeae inoculated treatments. There was no difference between inoculated treatments and the control in plant growth parameters (days to flowering, number of standing leaves, height, girth, number of suckers) of the mother plant at flowering and harvest. Plant toppling occurred only in, and in all, treatments involving P. coffeae, with up to 60% of bunch-carrying plants toppled in the most affected treatment (inoculation of 10 000 nematodes per plant). Therefore, projected yields per ha were low in P. coffeae inoculated treatments: 41, 73 and 65% lower than the control for inoculation of 1000, 10 000 and 3000 (in species mixture) individuals, respectively. Inoculation with 10 000 H. multicinctus or M. javanica per plant resulted in yield losses of 26 and 30%, respectively. This study suggests that P. coffeae is likely to be the most important biotic constraint to plantain production in Ghana. Nematodes have been viewed as the major biotic constraint to plantain production in the country, and P. coffeae is the most widespread and abundant nematode species on plantain in Ghana. The results further demonstrate that H. multicinctus and M. javanica can cause considerable yield reduction in plantain.

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Nguta, Joseph Mwanzia, Regina Appiah-Opong, Alexander K. Nyarko, Dorothy Yeboah-Manu, and Phyllis G. A. Addo. "Medicinal plants used to treat TB in Ghana." International Journal of Mycobacteriology 4, no. 2 (June 2015): 116–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmyco.2015.02.003.

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Swaine, M. D., J. Adomako, G. Ameka, K. A. A. de Graft-Johnston, and M. Cheek. "Forest river plants and water quality in Ghana." Aquatic Botany 85, no. 4 (November 2006): 299–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2006.06.007.

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Konning, G. H., C. Agyare, and B. Ennison. "Antimicrobial activity of some medicinal plants from Ghana." Fitoterapia 75, no. 1 (January 2004): 65–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2003.07.001.

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Fening, K. O., E. E. Forchibe, F. O. Wamonje, I. Adama, K. Afreh-Nuamah, and J. P. Carr. "First Report and Distribution of the Indian Mustard Aphid, Lipaphis erysimi pseudobrassicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var capitata) in Ghana." Journal of Economic Entomology 113, no. 3 (April 9, 2020): 1363–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/toaa057.

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Abstract The presence of large colonies of aphids is associated with a devastating novel necrotic disease of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) in Ghana that is thought to be of viral etiology. In this study, we used molecular taxonomic tools to identify the aphid species present on these diseased cabbage plants. This was confirmed using two key features for morphological identification, involving the length of cornicles and shape of cauda for the wingless forms of the aphids. Two species of aphids were identified and their distribution in Ghana indicated. One was the generalist aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) but the most abundant was the brassica specialist aphid, Lipaphis erysimi pseudobrassicae (Davis) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), which is one of the most destructive pests of brassica crops in some countries in Africa and other parts of the world. L. erysimi has been reported in Benin, Mali, South Africa, India, China, and United States, but this is the first formal report of L. erysimi pseudobrassicae in Ghana. The correct identification of L. erysimi is crucial, suggesting that it has recently become one of the most common species of aphid found on cabbage plants in Ghana.

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Imoro, Abukari Ziblim, Aikins Timothy Khan, and James Deo Anyi Eledi. "Exploitation and use of medicinal plants, Northern Region, Ghana." Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 7, no. 27 (July 17, 2013): 1984–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/jmpr12.489.

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Bensah, Edem Cudjoe, Edward Antwi, and Julius Cudjoe Ahiekpor. "Improving Sanitation in Ghana-Role of Sanitary Biogas Plants." Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 5, no. 2 (February 1, 2010): 125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jeasci.2010.125.133.

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Larsen, B. H. V., J. Soelberg, and A. K. Jäger. "COX-1 inhibitory effect of medicinal plants of Ghana." South African Journal of Botany 99 (July 2015): 129–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2015.04.004.

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Adu-Gyamfi, Anthony, and Nick Hodgetts. "Bryophytes of Ghana." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (June 15, 2018): e25879. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.25879.

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There is currently limited information on plant biodiversity from Ghana. Most of the information openly available has been published by the Ghana Herbarium at the Department of Plant and Environmental Biology, University of Ghana. The Ghana Herbarium has over 100,000 specimens from Ghana and other West African countries. Of these approximately 85% of the specimen labels have been digitized. The database contains information including species names, taxonomic family, barcode number, name of collector(s), locality data, date of collection, description of species and uses of the plants. Data were captured using Botanical Research and Herbarium Management Software (BRAHMS) software and is openly available on Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) (http://www.gbif.org/country/GH/publishing). Less than 1% of the herbarium collection contains bryophyte information of Ghana. Even though bryophytes are an often overlooked flora, Ghana has a high diversity of bryophytes. Indeed Ghana has an enormous biomass of bryophytes, particularly in the humid forest areas, that is bound to contribute significantly to the water-retentive capacity of the Ghanaian forest, absorbing water quickly and releasing it slowly. It is clear that the bryophytes are an important part of the ecosystem generally, helping to stabilize the hillsides and acting as a source of water. As very little is known about Ghana's bryophyte flora, a short expedition was undertaken in the Atewa Forest in 2014. A total of 164 species were added to the herbarium collection, including about 58 new to Ghana and at least one new species (Cololejeunea sp. yet to be described). The Ghana Herbarium recognises the growing need for digitization across its collections. Data from bryophytes specimens in the Ghana Herbarium and other Ghanaian herbaria as well as other data types on Ghanaian bryophytes will need to be captured using appropriate workflows, technologies and comply with Darwin Core standards. There is also paucity of observational and bryophyte abundance data. This presentation will review the current status of biodiversity information on bryophytes from Ghana and biodiversity informatics activities at Ghana Herbarium. It will also explore ways forward for digitization which incudes capturing the information on the already existing bryophyte specimens in the Ghana Herbarium and the newly added collections using BRAHMS software.

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Fening, JO, T. Adjei Gyapong, F. Ababio, and E. Gaisie. "Intercropping maize with planted fallows on smallholder farms in Ghana." Tropical Science 45, no. 4 (December 2005): 155–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ts.20.

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Francis, Adu, Duah Boakye Yaw, Agyare Christian, Henry Sam George, Etsiapa Boamah Vivian, and Boateng Osei Frank. "Antibacterial resistance modulatory properties of selected medicinal plants from Ghana." African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 13, no. 5 (March 8, 2019): 57–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajpp2019.4989.

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Merkle, Thomas. "Applied solar energy plants in a hospital in Northern Ghana." Renewable Energy 5, no. 1-4 (August 1994): 454–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0960-1481(94)90413-8.

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Batuman, Ozgur, Ö. Cem Çiftçi, Michael K. Osei, Sally A. Miller, Maria R. Rojas, and Robert L. Gilbertson. "Rasta Disease of Tomato in Ghana is Caused by the Pospiviroids Potato spindle tuber viroid and Tomato apical stunt viroid." Plant Disease 103, no. 7 (July 2019): 1525–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-10-18-1751-re.

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Rasta is a virus-like disease of unknown etiology affecting tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants in Ghana. Symptoms include stunting; epinasty, crumpling, and chlorosis of leaves; and necrosis of leaf veins, petioles, and stems. Leaf samples with rasta symptoms were collected from commercial tomato fields in Ghana in October 2012 and applied to FTA cards, and RNA extracts were prepared. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests with primers for Columnea latent viroid, which causes rasta-like symptoms in tomato plants in Mali, were negative, whereas tests with degenerate viroid primer pairs were inconclusive. However, tomato seedlings (Early Pak 7) mechanically inoculated with RNA extracts of 10 of 13 samples developed rasta-like symptoms. In RT-PCR tests with RNA from leaves of the 10 symptomatic seedlings and primers for Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) or Tomato apical stunt viroid (TASVd), the expected size (approximately 360 bp) of DNA fragment was amplified from eight and two seedlings, respectively. Sequence analyses confirmed that these fragments were from PSTVd and TASVd isolates, and revealed a single PSTVd haplotype and two TASVd haplotypes. The PSTVd and TASVd isolates from Ghana had high nucleotide identities (>94%) with isolates from other geographic regions. In a host range study, PSTVd and TASVd isolates from Ghana induced rasta symptoms in the highly susceptible tomato cultivar Early Pak 7 and mild or no symptoms in Glamour, and symptomless infections in a number of other solanaceous species. PSTVd and TASVd isolates were seed associated and possibly seed transmitted.

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Koffi, Djima, Komi Agboka, Delanyo Kokouvi Adenka, Michael Osae, Agbeko Kodjo Tounou, Mawuko Kossi Anani Adjevi, Ken Okwae Fening, and Robert L. Meagher. "Maize Infestation of Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Within Agro-Ecological Zones of Togo and Ghana in West Africa 3 Yr After Its Invasion." Environmental Entomology 49, no. 3 (April 29, 2020): 645–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvaa048.

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Abstract The fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) invaded several West African countries in 2016 causing severe injury to maize plants and economic damage. This study assesses variations in the occurrence of this species in different Agro-Ecological Zones (AEZs) in Togo and Ghana during the 3 yr following its discovery. The surveys were conducted on 120 farms in Togo and 94 farms in Ghana by collecting larvae from 200 maize plants per hectare. Infestation levels were 68.46% in 2016, 55.82% in 2017, and 17.76% in 2018. The number of larvae recorded per hectare and infestation levels were higher in Togo than in Ghana. The lowest number of collected larvae and infestation levels of S. frugiperda were in 2018, compared to the other 2 yr. Larvae per hectare and the infestation level varied regionally inside the two countries. The southern part of Togo (AEZ five) contained higher numbers of larvae and higher infestation levels during the 2 yr following the invasion of the pest. We concluded that infestation levels of S. frugiperda are much lower in 2018 than the two previous years and it is therefore necessary to determine the factors that affect the population dynamics of S. frugiperda in the field, which is a perquisite for developing management interventions.

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Caesar, J. Cartey, and G. C. Clerk. "Germinability of Leveillula taurica (powdery mildew) conidia obtained from water-stressed pepper plants." Canadian Journal of Botany 63, no. 10 (October 1, 1985): 1681–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b85-234.

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Both host plant water stress during sporulation and low relative humidity during germination caused decreased germination and germ tube elongation of Leveillula taurica (Lev.) Am. conidia on glass. This may explain the low incidence of powdery mildew disease of pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.) caused by L. taurica during the harmattan (dry) season in Ghana.

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Domfeh, O., G. A. Ameyaw, H. K. Dzahini-Obiatey, L. A. A. Ollennu, K. Osei-Bonsu, K. Acheampong, F. Aneani, and F. Owusu-Ansah. "Use of Immune Crops as Barrier in the Management of Cacao Swollen Shoot Virus Disease (CSSVD)—Long-Term Assessment." Plant Disease 100, no. 9 (September 2016): 1889–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-03-16-0404-re.

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A field trial was conducted at the Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana from 1992 to 2004 to investigate the prospects of using Cacao swollen shoot virus (CSSV)-immune crops as a barrier to prevent the spread of the virus from existing outbreaks into newly established cacao plantings. The treatments consisted of four crops—citrus (Citrus spp.), oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.), kola (Cola nitida Vent.), and cacao (Theobroma cacao L.)—planted as a barrier between cacao trees serving as test plants on one side and as source of CSSV strain 1A infection on the other. Over a 7-year period post CSSV 1A inoculation, the citrus and oil palm barriers were the most effective in protecting test cacao trees from cacao swollen shoot virus disease (CSSVD) spread. The two crops gave comparable results (P = 0.9766) in terms of the cumulative number of visibly infected trees (1 and 5 of 522, respectively). The kola barrier, on the other hand, had a significantly (P < 0.000l) higher number of symptomatic trees (89 of 522) than citrus and oil palm. All three crops (citrus, oil palm, and kola) provided better protection than the control (cacao), which had 134 visibly infected trees out of 522. As shown by economic analyses, growing citrus, oil palm, or kola as barrier crops was as profitable as growing cacao. The implications of the results on the management of CSSVD in Ghana are discussed.

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Ayarna, Alex Williams, Satoru Tsukagoshi, and George Oduro Nkansah. "Effect of Root Restriction on the Performance of Three-Truss Cultivated Tomato in the Low-Node Pinching Order at High-Density Cultivation System." Horticulturae 7, no. 3 (March 22, 2021): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7030060.

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The low-node pinching order at a high-density plant cultivation system (LN&HD) is now widely adopted for increasing tomato yield and fruit quality. The LN&HD cultivation period spans 70–120 days, employs the use of a small amount of substrate (low substrate volume), and plants are usually topped between the first and the fourth truss. Using a small amount of substrate in cultivation induces root restriction. Increasing the extent of root restriction in small pots has been adopted for increasing the fruit quality of tomato in some advanced countries. However, improving fruit quality at the expense of yield becomes a major drawback for adopting the LN&HD in Ghana. The LN&HD was introduced into Ghana mainly to increase tomato yield sustainably at a cost-effective level. This study aimed to manipulate or reduce the extent of root restriction to increase tomato yield. Information related to manipulating or reducing the extent of root restriction has not been extensively reported. Thus, an experiment was conducted (between 21 April 2019 and 11 August 2019) in the greenhouse of the University of Ghana Forest and Horticultural Research Centre, Kade-Ghana. Plants of two tomato cultivars (Jaguar and Momotaro York) were subjected to four root restriction conditions. The extent of root restriction were (1) complete root restriction in a 1.0 L volume capacity pot, (2) complete root restriction in a 1.5 L volume capacity pot, (3) partial root restriction in Rockwool-like cultivation, otherwise referred to as Cocowool, and (4) No root restriction in a trough containing 1.5 L of the substrate. The experiment was laid out in a 2 x 4 factorial in a randomized complete block. Results showed that partial root restriction in Cocowool and unrestricted roots in the trough produced the highest tomato yield and total dry matter compared to the plants that received complete root restrictions in the 1.0 and 1.5 L pots. However, the tomato’s total soluble solids increased with a complete root restriction in the 1.0 L pot. Reducing the extent of root restriction increased the yield and total dry matter of tomato. With the LN&HD, a small amount of substrate could be used (at a reduced cost) with a partial root restriction to increase the yield of tropical tomato cultivars grown in Ghana.

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Ampofo, Elikplim Kwesi, Isaac Kingsley Amponsah, Evelyn Asante-Kwatia, Francis Ackah Armah, Philip Kobla Atchoglo, and Abraham Yeboah Mensah. "Indigenous Medicinal Plants as Biofilm Inhibitors for the Mitigation of Antimicrobial Resistance." Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 2020 (October 23, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8821905.

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The majority of indigenes in the rural areas of Ghana use herbal medicines for their primary health care. In this study, an ethnobotanical survey was undertaken to document medicinal plants used by traditional healers in the Ejisu-Juaben district in the Ashanti region of Ghana to treat infections and to further investigate the antibiofilm formation properties of selected plants in resisting pathogenic bacteria. Seventy medicinal plants used by traditional practitioners for the treatment of skin infections and wounds were documented from the ethnobotanical survey. Forty out of the seventy plants were collected and their methanol extracts evaluated for antimicrobial activity by the agar diffusion assay. Extracts that showed antibacterial activity were tested for biofilm inhibitory activity, and the most active plant was subsequently purified to obtain the active constituents. Biofilm formation was significantly mitigated by petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts of Holarrhena floribunda stem bark. Bioassay-guided fractionation of an alkaloidal extract prepared from the methanol fraction led to the isolation of three steroidal alkaloids, namely, holonamine, holadienine, and conessine. The isolated compounds demonstrated varying degrees of biofilm formation inhibitory properties. The current study reveals that screening of indigenous medicinal plants could unravel potential leads to salvage the declining efficacy of conventional antibiotics. Holarrhena floribunda stem bark extract has strong biofilm formation inhibition properties, which could be attributed to the presence of steroidal alkaloids.

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Badii, K. B., M. K. Billah, K. Afreh-Nuamah, and D. Obeng-Ofori. "Species composition and host range of fruit-infesting flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in northern Ghana." International Journal of Tropical Insect Science 35, no. 03 (July 10, 2015): 137–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742758415000090.

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An important aspect of fruit fly management is accurate information on the species and their host spectrum. Studies were conducted between October 2011 and September 2013 to determine the host range and species diversity of pest fruit flies in the northern savannah ecology of Ghana. Fruit samples from 80 potential host plants (wild and cultivated) were collected and incubated for fly emergence; 65 (81.5%) of the plant species were positive to fruit flies. From records in Africa, 11 plant species were reported to be new hosts to the African invader fly,Bactrocera invadens(Drew, Tsuruta and White, 2005). This study documented the first records ofDacus ciliatus(Loew) andTrirhithrum nigerrimum(Bezzi) in northern Ghana although both species have been previously reported in other parts of the country. Infestation byB. invadenswas higher in the cultivated fruits;Ceratitis cosyradominated in most wild fruits. Cucurbitaceae were mainly infested by three species ofDacusandBactroceracucurbitae, a specialized cucurbit feeder. Among the commercial fruit species, the highest infestations were observed in mango, tomato, sweet pepper and watermelon, whereas marula plum, soursop, tropical almond, sycamore fig, African peach, shea nut, persimmon, icacina and albarillo dominated the wild host flora. The widespread availability of host plants and the incidence of diverse fly species in the ecology call for particular attention to their impact on commercial fruits and the development of sustainable management strategies against these economically important pests in Ghana.

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Wodah, Daniel, and Alex Asase. "Ethnopharmacological use of plants by Sisala traditional healers in northwest Ghana." Pharmaceutical Biology 50, no. 7 (April 3, 2012): 807–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/13880209.2011.633920.

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Sampson, M. A., and R. Kumar. "Alternative host plants of sugar-cane stem-borers in southern Ghana." International Journal of Tropical Insect Science 7, no. 04 (August 1986): 539–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742758400009802.

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Yamaguchi, Junichi. "Sulfur deficiency of rice plants in the Lower Volta area, Ghana." Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 45, no. 2 (June 1999): 367–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00380768.1999.10409351.

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Osseo-Asare, Abena Dove. "Comment On "Eating Kola": The Global Circulation of Plants from Ghana." Ghana Studies 21, no. 1 (2018): 163–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ghs.2018.0014.

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Mohammed, M., I. S. Egyir, A. K. Donkor, P. Amoah, S. Nyarko, K. K. Boateng, and C. Ziwu. "Feasibility study for biogas integration into waste treatment plants in Ghana." Egyptian Journal of Petroleum 26, no. 3 (September 2017): 695–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpe.2016.10.004.

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Tanzubil, P. B., G. W. K. Mensah, and A. R. McCaffery. "Diapause initiation and incidence in the millet stem borer, Coniesta ignefusalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae): the role of the host plant." Bulletin of Entomological Research 90, no. 4 (August 2000): 365–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485300000493.

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The role of the host plant in the development of larval diapause in the millet stem borer, Coniesta ignefusalis (Hampson) was investigated in northern Ghana in 1996 and 1997. Surveys conducted in farmers' fields in the Guinea and Sudan savannah revealed that of all the upland cereals grown, the insect survived the dry season only in stalks and stubble of pearl millet, Pennisetum glaucum and late sorghum, Sorghum bicolor. This observation was confirmed by results from field trials conducted at the Manga Research Station. In these studies, C. ignefusalis larvae entered diapause only in late millet and late sorghum, with a higher incidence in the former. The insect neither attacked nor entered diapause in maize planted during the same period as the other crops. Results from controlled experiments showed that diapause incidence in the preferred host, millet, was higher in older than in younger plants, suggesting that host plant maturation is a key factor influencing the development of larval diapause in C. ignefusalis.

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D'Andrea, A. C., S. Kahlheber, A. L. Logan, and D. J. Watson. "Early domesticated cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) from Central Ghana." Antiquity 81, no. 313 (September 1, 2007): 686–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00095661.

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From examining the remains of charred cowpeas from rock shelters in Central Ghana, the authors throw light on the subsistence strategies of the Kintampo people of the second millennium BCE. Perhaps driven southwards from the Sahel by aridification, the Kintampo operated as both foragers and farmers, cultivating selected plants of the West African tropics, notably cowpea, pearl millet and oil palm.

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Boadu, Augustine A., and Alex Asase. "Documentation of Herbal Medicines Used for the Treatment and Management of Human Diseases by Some Communities in Southern Ghana." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2017 (2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3043061.

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Traditional medicine is an important component of the health care system of most developing countries. However, indigenous knowledge about herbal medicines of many Ghanaian cultures has not yet been investigated. The aim of the present study was to document herbal medicines used by traditional healers to treat and manage human diseases and ailments by some communities living in Ghana. The study was conducted in eight communities in southern Ghana. Data were collected from 45 healers using ethnobotanical questionnaire and voucher specimens were collected. A total of 52 species of plants belonging to 28 plant families were reportedly used for treatment and management of 42 diseases and ailments. Medicinal plants were commonly harvested from the wild and degraded lowland areas in the morning from loamy soil. Herbal medicines were prepared in the form of decoctions (67%) and infusions (33%). Oral administration of the herbals was most (77%) common route of administration whereas the least used routes were nasal (1%) and rectal (2%). The results of the study show that herbal medicines are used for treatment and management of both common and specialized human diseases and that factors of place and time are considered important during harvesting of plants for treatments.

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Debrah, Seth Kofi, Mark Amoah Nyasapoh, Felix Ameyaw, Stephen Yamoah, Nii Kwashie Allotey, and Frederick Agyeman. "Drivers for Nuclear Energy Inclusion in Ghana’s Energy Mix." Journal of Energy 2020 (November 25, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8873058.

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Energy has become the driving force for national infrastructure development, including the socioeconomic development of every society. Ghana, like many other African countries, formulated developmental policies to attain middle-income status in the medium term. Socioeconomic growth comes with an upsurge in electricity consumption. Ghana seeks to use industrialization to achieve its middle-income target. To achieve this target, there is a need to develop a reliable, sustainable and affordable energy supply in a benign environment. The entry point for Ghana to become a middle-income economy is a cost-effective and reliable electricity supply. Ghana is endowed with fossil fuel, hydro and renewable resources to drive its industrial ambitions, but the indigenous gas fields feeding some thermal plants for electricity production are decreasing and could run out by early 2030 unless new fields are discovered and may also be affected by price volatility. The untapped hydro resources are also small and unreliable if the country seeks to become a middle-income country. Despite the abundant renewable resources, they are intermittent and do not present a baseload option. In safeguarding Ghana’s energy security, the country seeks to include nuclear energy into her energy mix. This research paper discusses the major drivers for nuclear energy inclusion.

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Dwumfour-Asare, Bismark, Kwabena B. Nyarko, Esi Awuah, Helen M. K. Essandoh, Bernard A. Gyan, and Hilda Ofori-Addo. "Indigenous plants for informal greywater treatment and reuse by some households in Ghana." Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination 8, no. 4 (March 20, 2018): 553–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2018.061.

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Abstract Poor greywater management is one of Ghana's sanitation nightmares due to longstanding neglect. This study looks at local practices of informal phytoremediation, and identifies commonly used plants and benefits. Our study collected data from 451 surveyed houses in nine communities within three regions, using structured questionnaires and extensive field observations. Greywater (kitchen, bathroom and laundry) is mainly disposed of into the open (46–66%), with few (4–24%) using septic tanks and soakaway systems. The majority of respondents (84%) perceived plants as agents of treatment and most could list 1–2 beneficial functions of the plants. A total of 1,259 plant groups were identified which belonged to 36 different plant species. The top five indigenous plants used are sugarcane, banana/plantain, taro, sweet/wild basil, and dandelion. The major plant benefits identified were food (84% of respondents) and medicine (62% of respondents). Statistically, no association was identified between the numbers of plants grown and their perceived plant roles (χ2 = 6.022, p = 0.304), with the exception of an association between plant numbers and benefits (χ2 = 161.94, p < 0.001). There is demand for improving local practices of using plants in greywater treatment and reuse, since native plants also come with other benefits.

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Bukenya, Z. R., and J. B. Hall. "Solanum (Solanaceae) in Ghana." Bothalia 18, no. 1 (October 23, 1988): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/abc.v18i1.983.

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Of the 22 species, subspecies and varieties in the genus Solanum L. (Solanaceae) that occur in Ghana, about 15 are indigenous. In Ghana serveral members of the genus are utilized as food crops while others are put to medicinal and ornamental use. Up-to-date and detailed descriptions for all the Solanum taxa occurring in Ghana and a key to the species are provided.

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Subedi, N., R. L. Gilbertson, M. K. Osei, E. Cornelius, and S. A. Miller. "First Report of Bacterial Wilt Caused by Ralstonia solanacearum in Ghana, West Africa." Plant Disease 98, no. 6 (June 2014): 840. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-09-13-0963-pdn.

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Tomato and pepper plants exhibiting wilt symptoms were collected from fields in seven villages in Northern (Vea, Tono, Pwalugu), Ashanti (Agogo, Akumadan), and Brong Ahafo (Tanoso, Tuobodom) regions of western Ghana in November 2012. The plants were wilted without leaf yellowing or necrosis. Disease incidence was generally low, with less than 20% symptomatic plants observed. Most of the plants collected produced visible bacterial ooze in water in the field. Ooze was plated on 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride-amended (TZC) medium. Isolated colonies were fluidal, irregularly round, white with pink centers, gram-negative, and oxidase positive. One strain from each of seven fields was selected for further study. All strains induced a hypersensitive reaction on tobacco. Randomly selected strains SM855-12 and SM857-12 tested positive in R. solanacearum ImmunoStrip assays (Agdia Inc., IN). An end-point PCR assay with primer set 759/760 (3) generated an R. solanacearum-specific 280-bp amplicon for all seven strains. Two of these strains were biovar I and the remaining five were biovar III based on utilization of cellobiose, lactose, maltose, dulcitol, mannitol, and sorbitol. A phylotype-specific multiplex PCR assay that recognizes four geographically linked monophyletic groups within R. solanacearum (1) indicated that one strain (SM855-12) was phylotype III (African origin), whereas the other six were phylotype I (Asian origin). All strains were subjected to repetitive sequence-based PCR (Rep-PCR) with BOXA1R and REP1R/REP2 primers (4). Strain SM855-12 was grouped with the phylotype III reference strain UW 368 and the remaining six strains were grouped with the phylotype I reference strain GMI 1000. A pathogenicity test was performed with bacterial wilt-susceptible tomato line OH7814. Inoculum was prepared from 48-h cultures of strains SM855-12, SM856-12, and SM858-12 grown on casamino acid peptone glucose (CPG) medium at 30°C. Roots of ten 4-week-old tomato plants per strain were drench-inoculated with 5 ml of a 108 CFU/ml bacterial suspension after wounding with a sterile scalpel. Non-inoculated control plants were drenched with 5 ml distilled water after root wounding. Plants were kept in a greenhouse at 25 to 30°C. By 12 days after inoculation, 80 to 100% of inoculated plants were wilted, whereas no symptoms appeared in non-inoculated plants. Bacteria re-isolated from wilted plants were confirmed to be R. solanacearum using techniques mentioned above. Although an association of bacterial wilt with tomato/pepper was mentioned previously (2), to our knowledge, this is the first documented report of bacterial wilt caused by R. solanacearum in Ghana. The presence of Asian strains (phylotype I) may be the result of one or more accidental introductions. Awareness of this disease in Ghana will lead to deployment of management strategies including use of resistant varieties and grafting desirable varieties onto disease-resistant rootstocks. References: (1) M. Fegan and P. Prior. Page 449 in Bacterial Wilt Disease and the Ralstonia solanacearum Species Complex. C. Allen et al., eds. American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN, 2005. (2) K. A. Oduro. Plant Protection and Regulatory Services Directorate of MOFA, Accra, Ghana, 2000. (3) N. Opina et al. Asia Pac. J. Mol. Biol. Biotechnol. 5:19, 1977. (4) J. Versalovic et al. Methods Mol. Cell Biol. 5:25, 1994.

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ETSE, WEMEGAH JOSHUA, TED Y. ANNANG, and JESSE S. AYIVOR. "Nutritional composition of aquatic plants and their potential for use as animal feed: A case study of the Lower Volta Basin, Ghana." Biofarmasi Journal of Natural Product Biochemistry 16, no. 2 (December 2, 2018): 99–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/biofar/f160205.

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Etse WJ, Annang T, Ayivor JS. 2018. Nutritional composition of aquatic plants and their potential for use as animal feed: a case study of the Lower Volta Basin, Ghana. Biofarmasi J Nat Prod Biochem 9: 99-112. The study was conducted to determine the nutritional composition of selected dominant aquatic plants and their significant effect on the chemical and physical characteristics of the water. Aquatic plants namely Nymphaea lotus, Typha australis, Ipomoea aquatica, and Scirpus cubensis were collected, identified and authenticated at the Ghana Herbarium. The proximate nutritional compositions of these plants were measured using the standard procedure outlined in the Association of Official Analytical Chemist (AOAC 2002). Water and sediment quality analyses of some physicochemical variables were also carried out using processes described in the standard methods for water and wastewater examination. The results showed that nutrient composition such as the crude protein, ether extracts, ash content, and nitrogen-free extracts was significantly higher than the corresponding constituents in Panicum maximum used as a control for the study. The findings also indicated that levels of heavy metals in all plants fell within the WHO/FAO standards for metals in vegetables and food. The effects of the physicochemical parameter of water also revealed that pH, nitrate, turbidity, DO, and BOD levels were found significantly different from the control site. The level of heavy metal in the sediment samples revealed significant variations in the distribution of the metals, with Zn showing the most significant difference and Pb the least with a mean level of 7.5±0.86 mg/L and 0.4±0.03 mg/L respectively. These plant species suggests having a high nutritive potential and indicates their possible use as mixed ingredients in animal feed. Exploitation of these aquatic plants for animal feed would be a step towards better utilization of these plants help in the management of aquatic plants within the basin.

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Banunle, Albert, Bernard Fei-Baffoe, Kodwo Miezah, Nana Ewusi-Mensah, Uffe Jørgensen, Robert Aidoo, Alice Amoah, Robert Clement Abaidoo, and Alex Amerh Agbeshie. "Utilisation potentials of invasive plants in the Owabi dam in the Ashanti region of Ghana." BioResources 16, no. 2 (March 5, 2021): 3075–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.2.3075-3095.

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This paper provides a compendium of the utilisation potential of aquatic invasive plants found in the Owabi Dam in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. In total, seven aquatic invasive plants were identified in the Owabi Dam, which included Ceratophyllum demersum, Nymphaea odorata, Polygonum lanigerum, Arthropteris orientalis, Typha domingensis, Pistia stratiotes, and Cyprus papyrus. Some of the identified invasive plants were found to be highly nutritious and suitable for human consumption or use as feed for livestock, fish, and poultry. Other plants had high medicinal potential and aesthetic value. Several of the invasive plants were suitable for bio-industrial usages as feedstock to produce biofuels, insecticides, and biofertilizer, among other products. Therefore, if an effective utilization method of these currently unutilized aquatic invasive plants is established, it can provide a source of livelihood and income generation for individuals and households and contribute to controlling the impact of invasive plants on the Owabi Dam.

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Bremer Christensen, Charlotte, Jens Soelberg, Christen R. Stensvold, and Anna K. Jäger. "Activity of medicinal plants from Ghana against the parasitic gut protist Blastocystis." Journal of Ethnopharmacology 174 (November 2015): 569–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2015.03.006.

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Hoffman, B. R., H. DelasAlas, K. Blanco, N. Wiederhold, R. E. Lewis, and L. Williams. "Screening of Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of Ten Medicinal Plants from Ghana." Pharmaceutical Biology 42, no. 1 (January 2004): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13880200490504925.

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Bierlich, Bernhard. "Sacrifice, Plants, and Western Pharmaceuticals: Money and Health Care in Northern Ghana." Medical Anthropology Quarterly 13, no. 3 (September 1999): 316–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/maq.1999.13.3.316.

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Komlaga, Gustav, Sandrine Cojean, Rita A. Dickson, Mehdi A. Beniddir, Soulaf Suyyagh-Albouz, Merlin L. K. Mensah, Christian Agyare, Pierre Champy, and Philippe M. Loiseau. "Antiplasmodial activity of selected medicinal plants used to treat malaria in Ghana." Parasitology Research 115, no. 8 (May 13, 2016): 3185–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-016-5080-8.

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Oppong Bekoe, Emelia, Christian Agyare, Yaw Duah Boakye, Benedict Mbeah Baiden, Alex Asase, Joseph Sarkodie, Henry Nettey, et al. "Ethnomedicinal survey and mutagenic studies of plants used in Accra metropolis, Ghana." Journal of Ethnopharmacology 248 (February 2020): 112309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2019.112309.

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Appiah, Kwame, Clement Oppong, Hossein Mardani, Richard Omari, Sylvia Kpabitey, Christiana Amoatey, Siaw Onwona-Agyeman, Yosei Oikawa, Keisuke Katsura, and Yoshiharu Fujii. "Medicinal Plants Used in the Ejisu-Juaben Municipality, Southern Ghana: An Ethnobotanical Study." Medicines 6, no. 1 (December 20, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicines6010001.

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Background: The in-depth traditional knowledge of medicinal plants is at risk of extinction due to the dependency on oral transmission, and as such, there is an urgent need to document such knowledge. This study aimed to document indigenous uses of medicinal plants among community members in the Ejisu-Juaben Municipality. Methods: Data was collected in 2016 from community members and local herbalists in the Ejisu-Juaben Municipality through a semi-structured questionnaire. Statistical tools and ethnobotanical indices, i.e., informant consensus factor (ICF), fidelity level (FL), and use value (UV) were used to analyse the data. Results: One hundred and six medicinal plants belonging to 45 families were reported to cure 68 different human diseases. The most frequently used plant part in this study was the leaves (52%). Decoction (57.5%) and oral administration (58.3%) were the most utilised herbal preparation and administration route respectively. Cleistopholis patens had the highest UV (0.54) with pain & fevers and skin diseases having the highest ICF values (0.88 and 0.85 respectively). Furthermore, new medicinal uses of Hilleria latifolia and ten other species were recorded for the treatment of the traditional local disease, aseram. Conclusions: The current knowledge and uses of medicinal plants are still high in the study area based on the high degree of consensus among informants. This study could allow for the preservation of knowledge and biodiversity of medicinal plants, both of which are threatened with extinction.

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Atakora, Williams Kwame, Mathias Fosu, S. O. Abebrese, Michael Asante, and Matthias Wissuwa. "Evaluation of Low Phosphorus Tolerance of Rice Varieties in Northern Ghana." Sustainable Agriculture Research 4, no. 4 (September 22, 2015): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v4n4p109.

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Phosphorus (P) deficiency is a major constraint to upland rice production on highly weathered, low activity clay soils in the humid zones of West Africa. There is a paucity of information on the short-term fertilizer P effects on rice on these soils. A field experiment was conducted in 2011 to determine the response of twenty-four (24) upland rice cultivars to fertilizer Phosphorus (P) applied at 0 and 60 kg P ha−1. An uncultivated field at SARI research area with available P (Bray 1) P content of 3.0 mg/kg was used for the experiment. The ploughed area was divided into two plots with one plot for +P and the other for -P treatment. Each of the 24 varieties was allocated three rows and spaced at 20 x 10 cm in four replications. The varieties were randomized for each replicate and planted on 2nd July 2011 at one seed per hill. Pre-emergence herbicide Pendimethaline 400 g/l (Alligator) was applied at 3.2 L/ha two days after planting followed by one hand weeding. For the (-) P plot, the entire field received N at 60 kg/ha as Sulphate of ammonia and K2O at 60 kg/ha as Muriate of Potash. For the (+) P plot, fertilizer was applied at NPK 60-60-60 kg/ha from Sulphate of ammonia, Triple superphosphate and Muriate of potash, respectively. For each plot, the N was split applied. Results showed that the plants that received P were more vigorous and healthier. There was significant variety effect on number of tillers per plant (NOTPP), days to 50% flowering (DFF), days to maturity (DTM), dry weight of biomass (DWOB), number of panicles per plant (NOPPP), and grain yield per plant. Similarly, there was significant phosphorus effect on number of tillers per plant (NOTPP), days to 50% flowering (DFF), days to maturity (DTM), dry weight of biomass (DWOB), number of panicles per plant (NOPPP), and grain yield per plant. There was generally no interactive effect of variety by fertilizer except for DFF and DTM. The number of tillers per plant ranges from 3 – 16 with the overall mean without P application being 4 while overall mean with P application was 9. When P was applied, the number of days to 50 % flowering reduced from 86 days to 79 days. Days to maturity (DTM) was also reduced from 118 to 111 on average by P application. The varieties that were most tolerant to low P were ITA 257, Nerica 3 and TOX 1011-4-A2. The grain yield of ITA 257 remained the same whether P was applied or not. This is the variety that is best adapted to low P. We concluded that rice growth and yield components were affected by Phosphorus application. Plants that received phosphorus flowered and matured earlier. They also accumulated higher biomass and grain yield. ITA 257, Nerica 3 and TOX 1011-4-A2 were most tolerant to P deficiency.

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Cheek, Martin, and W. Hawthorne. "Field Guide to the Forest Trees of Ghana. Ghana Forestry Series 1." Kew Bulletin 46, no. 3 (1991): 581. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4110553.

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Aidoo, Kenneth, Nana Ama Browne Klutse, Kofi Asare, Comfort Gyasiwaa Botchway, and Samuel Fosuhene. "Mapping Evapotranspiration of Agricultural Areas in Ghana." Scientific World Journal 2021 (April 17, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8878631.

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Climate change is having an adverse effect on the environment especially in sub-Sahara Africa, where capacity for natural resource management such as water is very low. The scope of the effect on land use types have to be estimated to inform proper remedy. A combined estimation of transpiration and evaporation from plants and soil is critical to determine annual water requirement for different land use. Evapotranspiration (ET) is a major component in the world hydrological cycle, and understanding its spatial dimensions is critical in evaluating the effects it has on regional land use. A measure of this component is challenging due to variation in rainfall and environmental changes. The mapping evapotranspiration with high resolution and internalized calibration (METRIC) method is employed to create evapotranspiration map for land use, using remotely sensed data by satellite, processed, and analyzed in ArcGIS. Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was related to the availability of water for vegetation on different land use, and the results indicate a high evapotranspiration for vegetated land use with high NDVI than land use with low NDVI.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Plantes – Ghana'

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