Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Plantes – Immunologie'
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Lhomme, Olivier. "Analyse des lipides isolés de Phytophthora capsici inducteurs d'une résistance chez le piment vis-à-vis de ce pathogène." Lyon 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO19014.
Full textMillet, Yves. "Suppression of Arabidopsis thaliana root innate immunity by Pseudomonas syringae phytotoxin coronatine and functional studies of the cytochrome P450 CYP76C2." Strasbourg, 2009. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2009/MILLET_Yves_2009.pdf.
Full textOver the course of evolution, plants developed sophisticated defense mechanisms against bacterial and fungal pathogens. One of the first layers of plant defense is called PAMP triggered immunity (PTI) and is based on the recognition of conserved epitopes of pathogen-derived molecules called PAMPs/MAMPs (Pathogen/Microbe Associated Molecular Patterns). This recognition activates defense responses including the deposition of callose at the site of pathogen attack. Despite the fact that roots are the organs most subject to microbial interactions, MAMP signaling in roots remains largely unexplored. I developed an Arabidopsis thaliana seedling assay to study PTI in roots based on the detection of callose and the activation of promoter:GUS reporters of MAMP-responsive genes. I found that MAMPs trigger a strong response in roots dependent on ethylene signaling, the MYB51 transcription factor, the cytochrome P450 CYP81F2, and the PEN2 myrosinase, but independent of salicylic acid signaling. In addition, I show that the bacteria Pseudomonas syringae and Pseudomonas fluorescens suppress this response and that P. Syringae is doing so by producing the phytotoxi coronatine. I found that coronatine acts via the E3 ligase COI1 and the transcription factor JIN1/MYC2. I performed a forward genetic screen to isolate mutants impaired in COR-mediated suppression in an attempt to identify new players involved in COR signaling. In this thesis, I also present data concerning CYP76C2, a gene encoding a cytochrome P450 that is highly induced by MAMPs and pathogens in Arabidopsis leaves. I confirmed that CYP76C2 is activated during pathogen infection and various cell death elicited scenarios. Furthermore, I demonstrate that CYP76C2 is partially dependent on SA signaling and may be involved in controlling oxidative damage during infection
Gotté, Maxime. "Immunité végétale : caractérisation fonctionnelle des corps du réticulum endoplasmique (les ER bodies) ; rôle dans la protection de la racine." Rouen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ROUES029.
Full textPlants are continuously challenged by pathogens. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) bodies are particular organelles, containing β-glucosidases, that form from the ER and play a major role in defense of the Brassicales. So far, most of the studies were conducted on the ER bodies from the shoots and a few information is available on ER bodies of the roots. In the present thesis work, we have focused on root cells of two brassicacea species, namely Arabidopsis thaliana and Raphanus sativus by using microscopical, biochemical and molecular biology techniques. First, we have investigated the occurrence and distribution of ER bodies in various cell types and found them abundantly present in all peripheral tissues. We have also found that the morphology and number of ER bodies differ from one cell type to another. Second, we have investigated the role of these organelles in root defense by studying the response of ER bodies to methyl jasmonate (MeJA), a phytohormone involved in plant defense signaling. The data show that MeJA induces a marked increase in the number of ER bodies along with an increase in β-glucosidase activity. Remarkably, MeJA also induces fusion of several ER bodies together resulting on the formation of very long organelles reaching 3-4 times the size of the normal ones. Third, we have studied the expression of 5 genes involved in ER body formation in the different root zones treated with MeJA and isolated by Laser Assisted Microdissection technique. The isolated root regions are the root cap zone, the meristematic zone, the elongation zone and the differentiation zone. Our findings show that the expression of the genes is fine-tuned in the different zones, under MeJA treated and standard conditions. This suggests that the formation of ER bodies is specifically regulated in different root tissues possibly in relation with the functional properties of each cell type in root development and defense
Jaber, Rim. "Défenses naturelles des plantes : identification de nouveaux stimulateurs de défenses des plantes (SDP) capables d'améliorer la résistance du lin contre le champignon Fusarium oxysporum." Rouen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ROUES059.
Full textPlants are surrounded by a diverse range of microorganisms that can cause serious crop losses and requires the use of pesticides. Flax is a major crop in Normandy and is regularly challenged by the pathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum (Fo) f. Sp. Lini. In order to protect themselves, plants use “innate immunity” called M/PTI (Microbe/Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns Triggered Immunity) as a first defense line against pathogens. Plants are able to perceive pathogens by the recognition of conserved motifs on the surface of the pathogens (M/PAMPs), by transmembrane protein receptors (PRRs, Pattern Recognition Receptors). The use of elicitors able to mimic M/PAMPs and activate plant defense may be an alternative for plant protection that could minimize the use of pesticides. Based on this, previous work was conducted by screening a chemical library of 1600 compounds and has allowed the identification of five compounds able to activate defense responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. During my PhD thesis, we tested those five compounds on their abilities to improve resistance of two commercially available flax varieties used for their fibers against F. Oxysporum, responsible of the vascular wilt. The data show that two of them, holaphyllamine (HPA) a natural compound and M4 a synthetic one, did not affect flax growth up to 10 μM. In addition, they did not have any negative effects on F. Oxysporum development and spores germination at the tested concentrations (up to 10 μM). Cell imaging analyses showed that HPA and M4 at 1 μM can induce oxidative burst as well as callose deposition in flax, a well-known marker of PAMP-elicited defense mechanisms. Furthermore, transcriptomic analyses showed that HPA and M4 induced changes in the expression patterns of two pathogenesisrelated (PR) genes (PR-2 and PR-3) coding for a β-(1,3)-glucanase and an endo-chitinase, respectively. These enzymes can degrade the fungal cell wall and stop its growth. Finally, flax plants pre-treated with HPA and M4 before infection with Fo f. Sp. Lini exhibited a decrease in the foliar disease symptoms by more than 50 % and 70 %, respectively. Together, these findings demonstrate that HPA and M4 are elicitors as they are able to activate defense responses in flax plants that lead to improving its resistance against Fo infection
Helfer, Anne. "Influence des gènes ORF8 et 6B d'Agrobacterium sur la croissance végétale." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR13191.
Full textLa, Camera Sylvain. "Caractérisation fonctionnelle de lipide acyl-hydrolases (LAH) : Etude de l'implication de AtPLP2 dans la résistance aux agents pathogènes chez Arabidopsis thaliana." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005STR13058.
Full textMembrane lipid catabolism is regulated in response to several stresses. Enzymes responsible for lipid hydrolysis are named lipid acyl hydrolases (LAH). An important role anticipated for such enzymes is to be involved in antimicrobial resistance and to provide precursors for the biosynthesis of oxylipins that are regulatory fatty acid derivatives. Exploration of the Arabidopsis thaliana genome has revealed the existence of numerous structural families of potential LAH genes, with members being upregulated in response to biotic stress. We have given priority to the functional study of Arabidopsis LAH related to patatin. This family comprises 9 members, two of which (AtPLP2 and AtPLP7) being strongly upregulated in leaves challenged with pathogens. AtPLP2 protein accumulation in response to the fungus Botrytis cinerea or Pseudomonas syringae bacteria is dependent on jasmonic acid and ethylene signaling. Expression of a AtPLP2-GFP fusion and biochemical analysis of recombinant AtPLP2 indicates that AtPLP2 encodes a cytoplasmic LAH. Transgenic plants with altered levels of AtPLP2 protein were generated and assayed for pathogen resistance. Unexpectedly, AtPLP2 expression increases B. Cinerea colonization and susceptibility to avirulent bacteria whereas silenced plants displayed enhanced resistance. Collectively, the data indicate that AtPLP2-encoded lipolytic activity is recruited by pathogens with different lifestyles to facilitate host colonization. Particularly, AtPLP2 potentiates plant cell death upon infection by B. Cinerea and reduces the efficiency of the hypersensitive response known to normally restrict avirulent bacteria multiplication. This global Arabidopsis LAH study opened some perspectives in identifying several candidates genes for detailed functional studies. Tools like numerous LAH knock-out mutants obtained will be the basis of our future work to decipher fatty acid mobilisation processes during plant defense responses
Ghannam, Ahmed. "Identification et caractérisation fonctionnelle de gènes impliqués dans l'induction et la régulation de la réaction hypersensible et la résistance locale acquise chez la tabac." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005STR13164.
Full textThe hypersensitive response (HR) is one of the most efficient plant defense mechanisms against pathogens. Phenotypically, the HR corresponds to the lesions developing at the infection sites. In the narrow zone surrounding the cells undergoing the HR cell death, a strong activation of defense responses occurs contributing to a local, highly inhospitable environment for the invading pathogen. This latter phenomenon was called localized acquired resistance (LAR). It corresponds to the living component of the HR. Whereas the HR is induced by exogenous signals issuing from the pathogen, LAR is triggerred by endogenous signals issuing from the plant cells undergoing the HR. Consequently, the genes inducing LAR, whose none are known yet, should be characterized by a HR-specific expression profile. The first part of this work consisted in the set-up of a strategy aimed to isolated such latter genes. A screening by Differential Display Reverse Transcript Polymerase Chain Reaction allowed to isolate 24 ESTs (expressed sequence tag) with such an expression profile. A second part of the work consisted in the functional characterization, by loss- and gain-of-function experiements, of 3 genes issuing from that screen. Among the three genes, silencing by Virus-Induced Gene Silencing of NtRING1, encoding a putative E3 ligase with a RING-finger motive delays the HR in tobacco induced by ß-megaspemin, a well as the expression of different defense-related genes. Among the 5 genes issuing from the screen and so far analyzed at the fonctional level, NtRING1 and NtLRP1 appeared involved in the execution of the HR
Yin, Chaoyan. "Deciphering the MtSymCRK signaling pathway controlling chronic infection during Medicago-Rhizobium symbiosis." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASB038.
Full textIn nitrogen-deficient conditions, legumes can establish a symbiosis with soil nitrogen-fixing bacteria (rhizobia) inside a new root organ, the nodule, where the rhizobia fix atmospheric nitrogen for the plant. Efficient symbiosis requires symbiotic nodule cells that host spectacular densities of nitrogen-fixing differentiated bacteria. Despite massive bacterial colonization, the symbiotic cells do not show apparent defense reactions, indicating that the nodule immune status is tightly controlled to allow the establishment and maintenance of the symbiotic partner. Among the identified legume genes involved in this process, MtSymbiotic CYSTEINE-RICH RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE (MtSymCRK) contributes to the repression of the nodule immunity. MtSymCRK encodes a non-arginine-aspartate (non-RD) cysteine-rich receptor-like kinase belonging to the cysteine-rich kinase family of receptors involved in plant immunity. MtSymCRK is specifically expressed in nodule-infected cells after rhizobia internalization and prevents defense reactions. However, the signaling pathway by which MtSymCRK modulates the nodule immune response during symbiosis is not known. The PhD project aims to address how plant immunity is controlled in symbiotic nodules by deciphering the downstream MtSymCRK protein partners involved in the signaling pathway during chronic infection in Medicago littoralis. We identified an interacting partner of MtSymCRK using an original approach combining a high-throughput Yeast Two-Hybrid (Y2H) screen of an Arabidopsis thaliana (A. thaliana) open reading frames (ORFs) library and translational genetics towards Medicago truncatula (M. truncatula). Among seven A. thaliana identified proteins interacting with the kinase domain of MtSymCRK, AtGRF8 (GENERAL REGULATORY FACTOR 8) belonging to the 14-3-3 protein family has been selected as the most promising candidate. We searched for the closest homolog in M. truncatula, namely MtGRF8, and confirmed the interaction between the kinase domain of MtSymCRK and MtGRF8.To determine the role of MtGRF8 during symbiosis, we characterized Mtgrf8, a Medicago littoralis Tnt1 insertion mutant line. We showed that Mtgrf8 exhibits a symbiotic dysfunctioning characterized by defense and senescence responses that compromises the intracellular survival of the rhizobia in nodules. Finally, based on the hypothesis that some 14-3-3 and MtSymCRK regulate immunity and ethylene production. we also initiated the search for MtGRF8-interacting proteins by using a Y2H assay. Taken together, this work contributes to decipher the MtSymCRK signalling pathway during chronic infection
Denoux, Carine. "Activation of Arabidopsis thalianad defense response pathways by oligogalacturonides and Flagellin." Strasbourg, 2009. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2009/DENOUX_Carine_2009.pdf.
Full textPathogen attacks are perceived in Arabidopsis thaliana through recognition of pathogen- or microbe- associated molecular patterns (PAMPs/MAMPs). Although the study of various elicitors has revealed significant overlaps in defense response, the degrees of similarity/difference between MAMPs are not well defined. Oligogalacturonides (OGs), plant cell wall-derived elicitors, induce a wide range of defenses responses. Transcript profiling of Arabidopsis seedlings treated with OGs indicates that the response to OGs involves a transient response in the regulation of many genes. Among the genes, two cytochrome P450s, CYP81F2 and CYP82C3, are significantly induced shortly after OGs treatment. Monitoring the expression of these genes in a variety of defense-related mutants suggests that their rapid induction, mediated by OGs is independent of SA, JA, or Et signaling pathways. These reporter genes are also highly expressed in response to other MAMPs, including lipopolysaccharide (LPS), flagellin (Flg22), or chitin. Additional transcriptional analysis was carried out with OGs and pathogensynthesized flagellin (Flg22), two very different elicitors. Both triggered a fast and transient response that are similar. This response is characterized by activation of the early stages of multiple defense signaling pathways, particularly JA-associated processes. However, the response to Flg22 is stronger in the number of genes differentially expressed and the amplitude of change. The magnitude of genes induction was in both cases dose-dependent, but, even at very high concentrations, OGs did not induce as many genes as Flg22. Moreover, activation of senescence processes, SA-dependent secretory pathway genes, and PR1 expression was only observed with Flg22 elicitation. These results suggest a lower threshold for activation of early responses than for sustained late innate immune defenses. Induction of the Arabidopsis CYP81F2 gene is part of the early induced response to elicitors (OGs and Flg22). CYP81F2 gene expression is independent of the SA-, JAand Et-signaling pathways. CYP81F2 seems to catalyze the 4 methoxylation of indolic glucosinolates, which is required for callose formation in response to Flg22
Masson, Philippe. "Étude physiologique, biochimique et immunologique de la production d'une activité anticoagulante par la bactérie Myxococcus xanthus." Compiègne, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988COMPE064.
Full textMyxococcus xanthus, a gram negative bacterium, secretes in culture media a thermostable low-molecular-weight blood anticoagulant activity during vegetative growth. Other strains of myxobacteria also produce a thermostable blood anticoagulant activity. This production is not co-regulated by genes that control secretion of other extracellular components such as proteins and polysaccharides. The blood anticoagulant activity is purified by pseudoaffinity chromatography on histidyl-sepharose 4B, and appeared heterogeneous by electrophoretic analysis. By an immunological approach, with polyclonal antibodies it was demonstrated that different cellular fractions, in particular membranous fraction, react with antiserum. In addition it was shown that purified fractions of blood anticoagulant activity contain a part of lipopolysaccharide
Bigeard, Jean. "Role and regulation of MAPKinases in pathogen-induced signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana." Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EVRY0032.
Full textPlants induce defense responses after perception of invading pathogens. Proteins called mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKS) are implicated in the complex signaling network occuring in plant immunity. However, the current knowledge of their function is still limited. The objective of my PHD was to contribute to a better understanding of their role and regulation in plant defense. First, i was involved in the deciphering of the specific and cooperative contributions of three MAPKS involved in plant immunity, namely MPK3, MPK4 and MPK6. We charcacterized several hallmarks of defense in WT and MAPK mutant plants. We showed notably that immune MAPKS are important regulators of the transcriptional reprogramming occuring during defense. Second, we applied phosphoproteomic approaches and we developed a protocol to enrich for chromatin-associated proteins which allowed identifying new phosphosites as well as proteins differentially phosphorylated during defense, notably some probable MAPKS substrates. Third, we identified several tens proteins potentially interacting with the immune MEKK1-MKK2-MPK4 module via the purification of protein complexes in vivo. Fourth, we identified diverse post-translational modification (PTMS) on each component of the MEKK1-MKK2-MPK4 module. Overall, this work revealed new functions for MAPKS in plant immunity. This work also provided new candidate MAPK substrates and suggests that the MEKK1-MKK2-MPK4 module is subjected to a highly complex regulation via multiple interacting proteins and PTMS
Escouboué, Maxime. "La phosphorylation de l'effecteur PopP2 de Ralstonia solanacearum par des MAPKs immunitaires potentialise ses fonctions de virulence et limite sa reconnaissance chez Arabidopsis." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30041.
Full textMicrobial pathogens infect host cells by delivering virulence factors (effectors) that interfere with defense. The Gram-negative Ralstonia solanacearum is the causal agent of bacterial wilt. The well-characterized PopP2 effector form R. solanacearum binds to and acetylate WRKY defensive transcription factors to dampen basal defense responses. In this work, we show that PopP2 phosphorylation on three SP motifs involves a MAPK-docking like domain located in its N-terminus. Although PopP2 phosphorylation does not affect its avirulence activity in Arabidopsis expressing the RPS4/RRS1-R immune receptor complex, its virulence functions strictly depend on this modification. Through different biochemical and confocal microscopy approaches, we show that PopP2 is a substrate of different MAPKs associated with the immune response and in particular, AtMPK3 with which the effector physically interacts in the plant nucleus. Interestingly, activation of MAPK activities during establishment of PTI coincides with the stimulation of the phosphorylation level of PopP2. An RNA-seq analysis indicates that the phosphorylation of PopP2 contributes to the deregulation of many genes related to defense responses. Hypotheses about how PopP2's phosphorylation level would modulate its activities in planta are presented. Overall, this work reveals a virulence strategy used by a bacterial effector that exploits MAPKs associated with immunity to (i) potentiate its virulence functions and (ii) limit its detection in the host
Benezech, Claire. "Développement et étude de systèmes d'interactions tripartites, légumineuses-rhizobia-pathogènes." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30289.
Full textNitrogen is essential element for the development of all living beings. Although it is found in large quantity in the air, in the form of dinitrogen, it is not directly assimilable by most organisms. For example, plants are not able to assimilate this form. However, in a nitrogen deficient environment, legumes are able to interact with soil borne bacteria, rhizobia, which fix nitrogen thanks to an enzymatic complex, the nitrogenase. Indeed, bacteria reduce dinitrogen in ammonium; plants can assimilate this form. Plants host these bacteria in particular organs at the root level, the nodules, where they provide nutrients to bacteria. Plant tolerates in its own cells a tremendous quantity of foreign organisms, estimated to one billion of rhizobia per nodule. The massive bacterial colonization of nodules is allowed thanks to the repression of plant immunity. Roots are in contact with the abundant soil microbiota, which raises the question of the potential vulnerability of the symbiotic organs and nodulated plants. The phD project aimed to evaluate the nodules vulnerability. To achieve this, we set up two tripartite systems involving the model legume, Medicago truncatula, its symbiont, Sinorhizobium medicae and separately two phytopathogenic microorganisms, a bacterium, Ralstonia solancearum and the fungus, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. We also characterized nodules responses to both pathogens using roots as reference. Finally, we estimated the influence of nodulation and nitrogen fixation on the plant vulnerability to pathogens. Work performed during these three years indicates that nodules are infection sites for pathogens. Those nodules are able to perceive the pathogen however, their response is different and less intense than that of roots. Results obtained with one of our tripartite system suggest that nodulation and nitrogen fixation give a greater sensitivity to pathogens
Odobasic, Preradov Andreja. "Effets du benzothiadiazole sur l'induction des mécanismes de défense chez la tomate (Solanum lycopersicum): une étude protéomique comparative." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25525/25525.pdf.
Full textJacob, Florence. "Cell death and transcriptional signalling mediated by the coiled-coil domain of the barley resistance protein MLA." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLE007/document.
Full textPlants rely entirely on innate immunity to fight pathogens. Extracellular perception of evolutionarily conserved pathogen/microbe-associated molecular patterns (P/MAMP) by membrane-resident pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) leads to pattern-triggered immunity (PTI). Host-adapted pathogens intercept PRR-mediated immunity by delivering effectors into host cells. These polymorphic effectors can be recognized by intracellular immune receptors of the nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat (NLR) family. Upon effector recognition, NLRs trigger a rapid immune response, termed effector-triggered immunity (ETI), which is typically associated with a host cell death response. In barley, the NLR MLA confers ETI against the pathogenic powdery mildew fungus, Blumeria graminis f sp hordei. Although MLA orthologues are found only in the Triticeae family of monocotyledonous plants, barley MLA is functional in transgenic dicotyledonous A. thaliana, indicating that the underlying disease resistance mechanism has been evolutionarily conserved for at least 150 Mya in monocot and dicot plants. In dicotyledonous Nicotiana benthamiana, transient gene expression of the coiled-coil (MLACC) domain, consisting of the N-terminal 160 amino acids of the receptor, was sufficient to activate a cell death response, raising the possibility that MLA initiates a conserved signalling mechanism through the MLACC domain. This thesis aimed at identifying signalling mechanism(s) acting downstream of the MLACC module in transgenic A. thaliana. Conditional MLACC expression triggered immune-related responses, characterized by a rapid onset of massive changes in gene expression at ~2 h post induction (hpi), followed by cell death at ~4 hpi. These MLACC–triggered responses are retained in A. thaliana plants simultaneously lacking the immune components PAD4, SAG101, PEN2, and all major defence phytohormones, i.e. ethylene, jasmonic acid, and salicylic acid. A comparison of time-resolved and genome-wide transcript profiles in MLACC-expressing plants with expression profiles induced during ETI and PTI by endogenous A. thaliana NLRs or PRRs revealed at early time points highly similar patterns. This suggests that early signalling mediated by MLACC, ETI, and PTI converges on a common transcriptional machinery that activates immune response genes, indicating that the barley MLACC domain is sufficient to stimulate an ETI response in A. thaliana. This also shows that activation of these immune response genes can occur independently of PTI. Most (> 74.7%) of the 562 genes that were significantly upregulated at 2 hpi in MLACC-expressing plants are immediate early response genes since their induction does not depend on de novo protein synthesis, suggesting that these genes are activated by the removal of short-lived repressors. In the 5’ regulatory regions of the early induced genes, I found a striking enrichment of cis-acting motifs that serve as binding sites for Ca2+-responsive transcription factors, including the calmodulin-binding transcription activator 3 (CAMTA3), which is known to be rapidly degraded during ETI. This might explain complete inhibition of MLACC–mediated responses by the Ca2+ channel inhibitor LaCl3, which was previously also reported for several NLR-mediated and P/MAMP-triggered responses. Using chemical mutagenesis, I identified three candidate suppressor mutants of MLACC-mediated responses. Affinity purification of MLACC complexes and a yeast two-hybrid screen identified several MLACC candidate interacting proteins. Together this has revealed novel candidate components engaged in MLACC signalling
Perez, Manon. "Contribution et régulation de PRR2, un facteur de transcription spécifique aux plantes, dans l'immunité végétale." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30132.
Full textPlants are able to perceive and respond to diverse biotic or abiotic environmental cues. This ability relies on efficient signalling pathways that are ultimately associated with genetic reprograming. These responses involve various actors of the signalling pathways such as calcium (Ca2+) transients which act as a second messenger in eukaryotic cells. The variations in intracellular Ca2+ concentrations are perceived by calcium sensors. The calmodulin (CaM) is an ubiquitous Ca2+ sensor well studied both in animal and plant cells. Comparatively, plants also possess CaM-related proteins called Calmodulin-like (CMLs) which are less studied and their role in plant physiology are emerging. The objective of this PhD work was to perform the functional analysis of PRR2 (Pseudo-Response Regulator 2), a plant specific transcription factor (with a GARP DNA binding domain) previously identified as an AtCML9-interacting partner. Using diverse genetic tools, we were able to study the role of PRR2 in plant immunity using the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana and a phytopathogenic bacteria, Pseudomonas syringae. Our study has shown that PRR2 acts as a positive regulator of plant defenses upon bacterial infection. We show that PRR2 could act by modulating the biosynthesis of the salicylic acid (SA), and the production of defense-associated compounds such as PR1 and camalexin. Collectively our data indicate that PRR2 acts as a positive regulator of plant defense associated with SA. In the aim to better understand how PRR2 could be involved in different physiological responses, we search for PRR2-interacting partners. We have more precisely worked on the interactions between PRR2 and the TCPs (Teosinte branched 1, Cycloidea and PCF) which are also plant specific transcriptions factors involved in different biological processes. We showed that PRR2 specifically interact with TCP19 or TCP20. As consequences, these interactions stabilize PRR2 and relocalize the complex in specific nuclear subdomains
Ibrahim-Granet, Oumaïma. "Biologie de Fonsecaea pedrosoi, champignon dimorphique agent de chromomycose (dermatite humaine) : physiologie du dimorphisme et son implication dans le processus immunitaire." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066689.
Full textAït-Salem, Elhosseyn. "Etude de la signalisation contrôlant l’accommodation intracellulaire au cours de la symbiose Medicago/Sinorhizobium The Multiple Faces of the Medicago-Sinorhizobium Symbiosis Control of the ethylene signaling pathway prevents plant defenses during intracellular accommodation of the rhizobia." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASS096.
Full textWhen grown under limited nitrogen resources, legumes establish a symbiotic relationship with soil bacteria called rhizobia. This interaction leads to the formation of a new root organ, the nodules. Within nodules, rhizobia differentiate into bacteroids and fix atmospheric nitrogen for the plant. The massive and chronic colonization of nodule symbiotic cells by the rhizobia does not trigger any visible defense reactions. In the laboratory, we previously isolated two symbiotic mutants developing defense reactions in Medicago truncatula nodules, indicating a strict control of the nodule immunity. The thesis project aimed first to understand the relationship between symbiotic genes and immunity mediated by defense hormones and second to find new tools to help to better understand nodules defense mechanisms. For this, molecular, pharmacological and genetic approaches were used. The results obtained in this thesis suggest that the defense mechanisms adopted by M. truncatula vary depending on the plant ecotypes. The A17 ecotype uses two resistance pathways; senescence and defense reactions. While, the R108 ecotype uses defense reactions pathway to fight against rhizobia. This work also suggests that in M. truncatula A17, the SymCRK protein represses jasmonic acid signalling. This work also suggests that in M. truncatula A17, the SymCRK protein represses the jasmonic acid signaling pathway involved in senescence triggering. In contrast, the DNF2 protein mainly represses the salicylic acid signaling pathway involved in defense reactions and also represses the JA pathway. In M. truncatula R108, the two proteins SymCRK and DNF2 control salicylic acid and ethylene signaling pathways involved in triggering defense reactions. DNF2 controls the salicylic acid pathway more than the ethylene signaling pathway, while, SymCRK controls more the ethylene pathway than the salicylic acid signaling pathway in nodules. This thesis also suggests the involvement of R proteins in the control of intracellular accommodation of rhizobia. The intracellular receptor CNL-5 appears to be involved in controlling the infection of symbiotic cells and the receptors CNL-4 and TNL-2 genes appear to be involved in controlling the infection efficacy of the symbiotic cells. Finally, this thesis allowed the identification of a new bacterial strain E. adhaerens, capable of behaving as a symbiont or as a pathogen for several Medicago species. This can be used as a tool to study the nodules defense induction and to understand the rhizobia intracellular accommodation in symbiotic cells
Chuberre, Coralie. "Les microalgues : nouvelles sources de molécules élicitrices pour la santé et la defense des plantes." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR079.
Full textIntegrated plant protection, which aims to reduce the use of pesticide, is a major challenge for the agriculture of the 21st century. The development and application of new agronomic approaches is a prerequisite for crop protection in a sustainable agriculture system. In this context, the use of elicitors capable of mimicking a pathogenic attack and promoting a plant resistance state against diseases is a natural alternative to the use of agro-chemicals. These elicitors are also called plant defense stimulators (PDS). These can be obtained from different sources including macroalgae as it the case for the polysaccharide-based PDS laminarin that is currently used for the protection of a number of crops. However, the exploitation of these natural resources and the difficulties of their production due to their development cycle do hamper their use at a large scale. One of the possibilities to overcome these difficulties is the use of microalgae as a source of PDS. But this possibility and the potential of microalgaederived PDS for crop protection are currently under investigated. In the present work, we have used a cell extract from the microalgae Phaeodactylum tricornutum and assessed its defense response-eliciting activities on Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings by using microscopic, physiological and molecular approaches. The results show that treated plants exhibit higher levels of expression of the PR-1, PAD3, ACS6 and WRKY40 genes and a higher level of protection against the pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae DC3000 (Pst) than nontreated plants. An In vitro antibacterial activity on the Pst bacteria was also observed. Our findings suggest that P. tricornutum cell extracts are able to activate plant immune responses and offer new perspectives for the development of novel plant defense stimulators
Schreiber, Melissa. "EVALUATION OF THE EFFICACY OF CHLOROPLAST-DERIVED ANTIGENSAGAINST MALARIA." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2008. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2135.
Full textM.S.
Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology
Burnett College of Biomedical Sciences
Molecular and Microbiology MS
Benouaret, Razik. "Activité de stimulation des défenses naturelles induites par des extraits de marc de raisin." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF22549.
Full textIn order to reduce chemical inputs, the use of natural phytosanitary products stimulating plant immunity are emerging approaches in phytoprotection. These elicitor compounds known as "Plant Defense Inducers" (PDI) activate the plant defense system and improve their resistance to pests attack. PDI are single molecule or mixture of compounds extracted from plant. In my thesis, we demonstrated the PDI activity of different grape marc extracts. The winery byproducts, red grape marc extract, white grape marc extract and grape seed extract all induced various defense reactions in several plant models. We focused our study on the red grape marc extract (GME) which stimulates the immunity system in tobacco plants. When infiltrated into tobacco leaves, GME induced HR-like response characterized by the appearance of chlorotic lesions and accumulation of autofluorescent compounds in infiltrated tissues. Similar local defense reactions have been observed in Arabidopsis thaliana and tomato. GME also triggered LAR and SAR responses and induced defense gene transcript accumulation in tobacco leaves after infiltration or spraying. The GME mode of action was studied using the suspension-cultured cells of tobacco BY-2. GME induced rapid alkalinization of extracellular medium with calcium mobilization, expression of defense genes and cell death. A pharmacological approach of this defensive phenomenon suggests the establishment of programmed cell death (PCD) in tobacco cells. The characterization of the signaling pathway activated by GME was studied using tobacco nahG mutant unable to accumulate salicylic acid (SA). Defense responses (HR, LAR and SAR) induced by GME were impaired in the nahG mutant. GME drastically reduced HR-like response symptoms and PR transcript accumulation. These data suggest the implication of SA in the GME-induced plant defense reactions. The GME-induced protection was evaluated in the model pathosystem of compatible interaction between Nicotiana tabacum and Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae (Ppn). GME could reduce by 45% the infected areas induced by the oomycete on tobacco leaves. This level of protection was the result of the combined antimicrobial and PDI actions of GME. GME had no protecting effect against Ppn on NahG leaves evidencing the involvement of SA in the GME-induced resistance. GME fractionation led to identification of a bioactive molecule mixture capable of inducing the PDI activity. The active compounds are polyphenolics and involve procyanidin B2 which is by itself able to induce the HR-like response and PR1 transcript accumulation. This compound should act in combination with other polyphenolic molecules to stimulate the full plant defense reactions
Octave, Stéphane. "Eutypiose de la vigne : caractérisation et effets physiologiques de composés protéiques toxiques excrétés par le champignon pathogène Eutypa lata : application à l'élaboration d'un test de diagnostic de la maladie." Poitiers, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005POIT2314.
Full textEutypa dieback is caused by Eutypa lata which colonises xylem by pruning wounds. The fungus triggers water fluxes modifications but toxins are also excreted and carried through the plant. Among these toxins, high molecular weight compounds of polypeptidic nature have been isolated. This work is focused on these proteins according to directions: development of an immunoassay diagnosis of Eutypa dieback and analysis of the involvement of these proteins in disease development. Specific antibodies were raised against theses proteins and used to reveal infection by the Dot-Blot method and detect in-situ Eutypa lata by immunolocalization. Physiological studies evidence a toxic effect of fungal proteins on plant cell leading to cell death by acting on various organelles and damaging plant cell wall. They act by modifications in ions fluxes, triggering a membrane depolarisation resulting in an impairment of energetic fueling in the cell, leading to an inhibition of nutriment absorption
Buscaill, Pierre. "A protease of the subtilase family negatively regulates plant defence through its interaction with the Arabidopsis transcription factor AtMYB30." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016INPT0004/document.
Full textPlants defence responses are often associated with the development of the so-called hypersensitive response (HR), a form of PCD that confines the pathogen to the infection site. The sharp boundary of the HR suggests the existence of efficient mechanisms that control cell death and survival. The Arabidopsis transcription factor AtMYB30 positively regulates plant defence and HR responses by enhancing the synthesis of sphingolipid-containing Very Long Chain Fatty Acids (VLCFA) after bacterial infection. The activity of AtMYB30 is tightly controlled inside plant cells through protein-protein interactions and post-translational modifications. During my PhD, we identified a protease of the subtilase family (AtSBT5.2) as a AtMYB30-interacting partner. Interestingly, we have shown that the AtSBT5.2 transcript is alternatively spliced, leading to the production of two distinct gene products that encode either a secreted [AtSBT5.2(a)] or an intracellular [AtSBT5.2(b)] protein. The specific interaction between AtMYB30 and AtSBT5.2(b), but not AtSBT5.2(a), leads to AtMYB30 specific retention outside of the nucleus in small intracellular vesicles. atsbt5.2 Arabidopsis mutant plants, in which both AtSBT5.2(a) and AtSBT5.2(b) expression was abolished, displayed enhanced HR and defence responses. The fact that this phenotype is abolished in an atmyb30 mutant background suggests that AtSBT5.2 is a negative regulator of AtMYB30-mediated disease resistance. Importantly, overexpression of the AtSBT5.2(b), but not the AtSBT5.2(a), isoform in the atsbt5.2 mutant background reverts the phenotypes displayed by atsbt5.2 mutant plants, suggesting that AtSBT5.2(b) specifically represses AtMYB30-mediated defence
Saunier, Monique. "Contribution à l'étude sérologique et taxonomique de certains pathovars de p. Syringae." Angers, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ANGE0010.
Full textCamara, Aissata. "Plantes médicinales guinéennes : validation de l'effet antipaludique et impact sur la modulation de l'immunité." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30028.
Full textMalaria remains the primary medical concern in many African countries, including Guinea, where almost the entire population is at risk of infection with an estimated prevalence of 15% among children under 5 years of age. Apart from conventional medicine, Guinean pharmacopoeia and traditional medicine are frequent uses in the management of malaria by families. In this respect, previous ethnobotanical surveys have identified and collected many medicinal plants in Guinea, including Terminalia albida, Desmodium velutinum and Rourea minor. As part of a validation of traditional uses, these plants were evaluated in vitro with the chloroquine resistant strain PfK1 and in vivo in two murine models: Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi for uncomplicated malaria, and Plasmodium berghei ANKA for cerebral malaria. The results obtained highlighted the antimalarial effect of T. albida. In addition, the comparison of two extracts of T. albida from two different regions of Guinea revealed different in vitro and in vivo efficacy depending on the origin of the plant. In order to understand the mechanisms of action of T. albida in the cerebral malaria model, the plant's anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capacities were studied in vivo and in vitro under inflammatory conditions. In vivo, the administration of T. albida extract limited T cell recruitment and expression of pro-inflammatory markers in the brains of treated mice. These properties were confirmed in vitro in a non-malarial inflammatory model. In vitro, T. albida also demonstrated a remarkable dose-dependent activity by neutralizing reactive oxygen species. Thus, the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of T. albida contribute to the resolution of cerebral malaria in the P. berghei ANKA infection model. Phytochemical investigations have identified thirty-eight compounds in the bark of the stem of T. albida. Among them, several molecules already identified may be responsible for the different biological activities observed, including tannins and triterpenoids. Finally, botanical investigations provided characteristic elements to determine the origin of T. albida and to highlight the influence of the ecosystem on the production of secondary metabolites in Terminalia species collected at different locations. These results confirm the antimalarial effect of T. albida and validate its traditional use. However, further studies are needed to identify more precisely the active molecules. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of T. albida demonstrated in this work are also of interest for the management of many diseases, other than malaria
Izquierdo-Useros, Nuria. "Maturation of Dendritic Cells & HIV Transmission to CD4(+) T cells." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/3822.
Full textLa maduración de las DCs puede aumentar la eficiencia de transmisión del VIH a los linfocitos T CD4+ a través de la trans-infección. Nuestro objetivo en este trabajo ha sido comparar el efecto de la maduración en las células dendríticas derivadas de monocitos (MDDCs) y en las células dendríticas mieloides derivadas de sangre durante el proceso de captura del VIH. Para analizar la captura y transmisión viral a las células diana competentes in vitro de un VIH pseudotipado con envuelta y el virus homólogo replicativo utilizamos las técnicas de detección de p24gag, actividad luciferasa y microscopía electrónica y confocal. Así, observamos que la maduración de las MDDCs o las DCs mieloides aumenta la captura activa del VIH de una forma independiente del receptor DC-SIGN o de la glicoproteína de la envuelta viral, incrementándose también el tiempo de retención del virus capturado. Además, verificamos que la mayor transmisión viral de las DCs maduras (mDCs) a los linfocitos T CD4+ es altamente dependiente de una captura viral activa, un proceso endocítico mediado a través de dominios de membrana enriquecidos en colesterol. Notablemente, mientras que las mDCs concentran el virus capturado en una única vesícula positiva para las tetraspaninas CD63 y CD81, las DCs inmaduras carecen de dichas estructuras, lo que sugiere un proceso de tráfico intracelular viral diferencial en cada tipo celular.
Los exosomas son vesículas celulares secretadas que pueden ser internalizadas por las DCs, contribuyendo a la activación específica de antígeno de los linfocitos naive T CD4+. En esta tesis demostramos que el VIH puede explotar esta ruta intrínseca a las mDCs que permite la diseminación de antígenos a través de los exosomas, permitiendo así la trans-infección de los linfocitos T CD4+. Tras la maduración de las DCs, la captura del VIH-1, las partículas pseudovirales VIH-1 Gag-eGFP (VLPs) y los exosomas aumenta significativamente, acumulándose dentro de un compartimento CD81+. La captura de estas partículas se inhibió preincubando las mDCs con las VLPs o los exosomas, lo que sugiere que la expresión de determinantes moleculares comunes en la superficie de las VLPs y los exosomas es necesaria para la internalización mediada por las mDCs. Así mismo, la captura mediada por las mDCs es insensible a un tratamiento proteolítico, pero puede bloquearse cuando los virus, las VLPs o los exosomas se producen en células tratadas con inhibidores de la biosíntesis de los esfingolípidos, que alteran la composición lipídica de las partículas que emergen.
Por último, las VLPs y los exosomas capturados por las mDCs se transmiten a los linfocitos T CD4+ de una forma independiente de la glicoproteína de la envuelta viral, resaltando la existencia de una nueva ruta de diseminación viral.
En general, estas observaciones ayudan a explicar la mayor capacidad de las mDCs para transmitir el VIH a los linfocitos T CD4+, un proceso que potencialmente puede contribuir a la diseminación viral en los nódulos linfáticos in vivo, donde la replicación viral tiene lugar de forma mayoritaria y hay una interacción continua entre las células T CD4+ susceptibles y las mDCs.
Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized antigen-presenting cells. However, DCs exposed to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are also able to transmit a vigorous cytopathic infection to CD4+ T lymphocytes, a process that has been frequently related to the ability of DC-SIGN (Dendritic Cell-Specific Intercellular adhesion molecule-3-Grabbing Non-integrin) to bind HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins. Maturation of DCs can increase the efficiency of HIV transmission through trans-infection. We aimed to comparatively study the effect of maturation in monocyte derived dendritic cells (MDDCs) and blood-derived myeloid DCs during HIV capture process. In vitro capture and transmission of envelope pseudotyped HIV-1 and its homologous replication competent virus to susceptible target cells was assessed by p24gag detection, luciferase activity, and both confocal and electron microscopy. Maturation of MDDCs or myeloid DCs enhanced active capture of HIV in a DC-SIGN and viral envelope glycoprotein independent manner, increasing the lifespan of trapped virus. Moreover, higher viral transmission of mature DCs (mDCs) to CD4+ T lymphocytes was highly dependent on active viral capture, a process mediated through cholesterol-enriched domains. Mature DCs concentrated captured virus in a single large vesicle staining for CD81 and CD63 tetraspanins, while immature DCs lacked these structures, suggesting different intracellular trafficking processes.
Exosomes are secreted cellular vesicles that can be internalized by DCs contributing to antigen specific naive CD4+ T lymphocyte activation. Here, we demonstrate that HIV can exploit this exosome antigen-dissemination pathway intrinsic to mDCs for mediating trans-infection of CD4+ T lymphocytes. Capture of HIV-1, HIV-1 Gag-eGFP viral like particles (VLPs) and exosomes by DCs was upregulated upon maturation, resulting in localization within a CD81+ compartment. Uptake of VLPs or exosomes could be inhibited by a challenge with either particle, suggesting that the expression of common determinant(s) on VLP or exosome surface is necessary for internalization by mDCs. Capture by mDCs was insensitive to proteolysis, but blocked when virus, VLPs, or exosomes were produced from cells treated with sphingolipid biosynthesis inhibitors that modulate the lipid composition of the budding particles. Finally, VLPs and exosomes captured by mDCs were transmitted to CD4+ T lymphocytes in an envelope glycoprotein-independent manner, underscoring a new potential viral dissemination pathway.
Overall, these observations help explaining the greater ability of mDCs transferring HIV to CD4+ T lymphocytes, a process that can potentially contribute to the viral dissemination at lymph nodes in vivo, where viral replication takes place and there is a continuous interaction between susceptible T-cells and mDCs.
Valladão, Gustavo Moraes Ramos. "Óleos essenciais de plantas na dieta de tilápia-do-Nilo : efeitos sobre a saúde, morfologia intestinal e microbiota /." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/152960.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Os óleos essenciais (OEs) de plantas são compostos estudados como aditivo alimentar na produção animal há alguns anos, sendo descritos por diversos autores como promotores de crescimento, imunoestimulantes e antimicrobianos. No entanto, os efeitos de sua adição na dieta de organismos aquáticos ainda são pouco conhecidos. No presente estudo, diferentes estratégias de suplementação com diferentes OEs foram testadas. No primeiro estudo, os OEs de Mentha piperita e Melaleuca alternifolia foram incorporados à dieta para tilapia-do-Nilo Oreochromis niloticus por um longo período (2 meses), e os seus efeitos sobre a saúde (parâmetros hematológicos, bioquímicos e imunológicos) e sobre o intestino (morfologia e morfometria) foram avaliados. Em um segundo momento, M. piperita, M. alternifolia, Citrus aurantium, Cymbopogon nardus, Ocimum basilicum e Thymus vulgaris foram testados in vitro contra isolados intestinais (Aeromonas hydrophila, Staphylococcus aureus e Edwardsiella tarda) da tilápia-do-Nilo para seleção daquele com maior capacidade de modular a microbiota dos peixes. O OE de Thymus vulgaris foi aquele que apresentou a maior atividade contra as bactérias testadas. Em um estudo final, o OE de Thymus vulgaris foi incorporado à dieta e fornecido por 15 dias à tilápia-do-Nilo e o efeito sobre a saúde, intestino, e também sobre a população de bactérias do gênero Bacillus no intestino foi avaliado. O primeiro experimento demonstrou que a M. piperita e a M. alternifolia foram capazes de imunoestimular componentes da resposta humoral dos peixes (ativando o sistema complemento) e a M. alternifolia ainda foi capaz de alterar a morfologia intestinal (ocasionando aumento de suas vilosidades). O OE de T. vulgaris apresentou maior atividade antibacteriana quando comparado aos outros cinco OEs testados in vitro, e quando adicionado à dieta foi capaz de imunoestimular componentes da resposta celular dos peixes (incrementando o número de leucócitos e linfócitos). Além disso, apesar de sua forte atividade antibacteriana, não foi capaz de alterar a população de bactérias benéficas do gênero Bacillus presentes no intestino. Em ambos experimentos in vivo as dietas suplementadas com OE não revelaram efeitos tóxicos aos peixes nas condições testadas. Baseado na revisão de literatura e nos resultados obtidos, conclui-se que, as suplementações com OEs foram seguras, apresentaram efeito imunoestimulante em diferentes componentes da resposta imune, puderam alterar em alguns casos a morfologia intestinal e parecem ter pouco impacto sobre a microbiota dos peixes.
Essential oils (EOs) of plants are compounds studied as food additive in animal production a few years ago. They have already been described by several authors, as growth promoter, immunostimulant and antimicrobial. However, the effects of its addition on the diet of aquatic organisms are still poorly understood. In the present study, different supplementation strategies with different EOs were tested. In the first study, the EOs of Mentha piperita and Melaleuca alternifolia were supplied for a long period (2 months) in the diet of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus, and aspects of health (hematological, biochemical and immunological parameters) and intestine (morphology and morphometry) were evaluated. In a second moment, M. piperita, M. alternifolia, Citrus aurantium, Cymbopogon nardus, Ocimum basilicum and Thymus vulgaris were tested in vitro against the intestinal isolates (Aeromonas hydrophila, Staphylococcus aureus and Edwardsiella tarda) from Nile tilapia to select the one with the greatest capacity to modulate the microbiota of fish. Thymus vulgaris EO was the one that presented the highest activity against the bacteria tested. In a final study, the Thymus vulgaris EO was provided for 15 days in the diet of Nile tilapia where its effects on the health, intestine and on the population of bacteria of the genus Bacillus were evaluated. In the first experiment, it was shown that M. piperita and M. alternifolia were able to immunostimulate components of fish humoral response (activating the complement system) and M. alternifolia was still able to alter intestinal morphology (increasing their villi). The T. vulgaris EO presented higher antibacterial activity when compared to five other EOs, and when added to the diet it was able to immunostimulate components of the cellular response of fish (increasing the number of leukocytes and lymphocytes). In addition, despite its strong antibacterial activity, it was not able to alter the population of beneficial bacteria of the genus Bacillus present in the intestine. In both in vivo experiments, diets supplemented with EO showed no toxic effects on fish under the conditions tested. In conclusion, supplementation with EOs was safe, showed an immunostimulating effect on different components of the immune response, may in some cases alter the intestinal morphology and appear to have little impact on the fish microbiota.
FAPESP: 2014/14039-9
CNPq: 140487/2014-0
Combier, Maud. "Étude des effecteurs de type RXLR de Plasmopara viticola pour la recherche de résistances durables au mildiou de la vigne." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAJ004/document.
Full textGrapevine downy mildew is caused by the oomycete Plasmopara viticola, which attacks the aerial non-lignified tissues affecting wine production. An alternative to the use of pesticides is the use of vine varieties with sustainable resistances. A programme aiming to create such varieties by crossing resistant species with the cultivated grapevine, Vitis vinifera, is ongoing. Within this program requiring the indentification of new resistance genes, which the project aims to do by (1) screening resistant vines with effectors stored in P. viticola, (2) performing a functional study of candidate effectors. The screening of resistant plants did not lead to the identification of any new major resistance factors. The functional study of effectors revealed a new family of effectors in P. viticola and led to the identification of two effectors Pv33, nuclear, and Pv47, associated with the endoplasmic reticulum, which induce plant defences
Hilbert, Jean-Louis. "Contribution à l'étude des intéractions plantes-champignons ectomycorhiziens : Modifications de la biosynthèse des protéines au cours du développement de la symbiose : eucalyptus globulus-pisolithus tinctorius." Nancy 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10062.
Full textRondet, Damien. "Caractérisation d'une nouvelle voie de signalisation impliquée dans la défense stomatique et applications agronomiques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0083.
Full textPre-invasive or stomatal defense is a mechanism which consists of closing the stomata present at surface of aerial organs of plants when they are in contact with certain pathogens. This closure prevents them from entering and colonizing the host. This mechanism is activated in Arabidopsis inoculated by the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato (Pst) DC3000. Preliminary work by our group had shown that carbonylation of target proteins by reactive electrophile species (RES) was a crucial step of the cell signaling required to set up this defense. Through targeted tagging and purifications approaches coupled with tandem mass spectrometry identifications (nanoLC-MS/MS), we have been able to characterize a serine-threonine protein kinase that plays a crucial role in this defense mechanism. Indeed, plants mutated on the gene encoding this protein have lost their ability to trigger stomatal closure and to deploy the stomatal defense against the bacteria. In addition, the use of the click chemistry and notably, the copper-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition, in our tagging approaches has enabled us to identify a set of proteins that are most likely carbonylated and likely to play a significant role in these cell events that contribute to part of plant immunity. Finally, since RES are able to induce stomatal closure we sought to find out, in the context of establishing a proof-of-concept, whether their application to plants would enable them to be protected against the Pst
Muhammad, Dima. "Etude phytochimique et biologique des trois Alphitonia (Rhamnaceae) endémiques à la Nouvelle-Calédonie." Thesis, Reims, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REIMP202/document.
Full textA collaborative project between the institute of Molecular chemistry of Reims (ICMR, UMR CNRS 7312) and the laboratory of natural substances in New Caledonia was established with the purpose to improve the phytochemical and biological evaluation of New-Caledonia endemic plants.The purification of the extracts of the leaves, stem bark and branches of A. xerocarpa and these of the fruits of A. neocaledonica led to the isolation of 48 compounds, of which 23 are new ones. The structural elucidation by 1D and 2D NMR confirmed the presence of 2 phytosterols, 19 saponins, 10 triterpens, 12 flavonoids, three glycosylated phenols, an aurone derivative, a glycosylated lignan, and a nucleoside.All hydro-alcoholique extracts showed a good DPPH radical scavenging capacity, only the butanolic extract of the fruits of A. neocaledonica was found to have anti-tyrosinase potential.Other screening tests were performed to evaluate the antibacterial properties of isolated compounds; some of them showed a high antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria with a range of MIC values between (4-32 µg/ml), and a good anti-proliferative activity against KB cells
Barrett, Cindy L. "Range-wide Prevalence and Impacts of Pseudocercosporella inconspicua on Lilium grayi and an Assessment of L. superbum and L. michauxii as Reservoirs." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3249.
Full textNegrel, Lise. "Analyse intégrée de la réponse de la vigne à l'infection par Plasmopara viticola : par l'étude d'un cas de contournement de résistance." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAJ021/document.
Full textOptimal deployment of resistant varieties requires an excellent knowledge of the relationship between grapevine and P. viticola. This fundamental knowledge can then feed the strategies for the development of grapevine varieties with sustainable resistance. Bianca is a downy mildew-resistant grapevine variety, due its Rpv3 resistance gene. This variety is resistant to most strains of P. viticola. However, a virulent strain capable of infecting Bianca has recently been isolated. In this project, we use this original pathosystem to obtain a complete picture of the impact P. viticola infection on grapevine, by combining physiopathological studies with metabolomic analyses. In addition, the identification of specific metabolites and gene sequences from P. viticola has allowed the development of original methods for dynamic monitoring of the infection process, through quantitative PCR and quantification of specific lipids
Montillet, Jean-Luc. "Dosage radioimmunologique du zinniol : application a l'etude de cette toxine dans l'alternariose de la carotte." Toulouse 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOU30208.
Full textPrescott, Vanessa Elizabeth. "Genetically modified plants and immunity." Phd thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/149576.
Full text"Immunomodulatory and anti-tumour activities of Bupleuri radix." Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1993. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5887836.
Full textThesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1993.
Includes bibliographical references.
Acknowledgements --- p.I
Table of Contents --- p.II
Abbreviations --- p.V
Aim and Scope of This Dissertation --- p.IX
Abstract --- p.X
Chapter Chapter One: --- General Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- An Overview of the Immune System --- p.2
Chapter 1.1.1 --- Innate Immunity --- p.2
Chapter 1.1.2 --- Adaptive Immunity --- p.3
Chapter 1.1.2.1 --- Humoral antibody immune response --- p.4
Chapter 1.1.2.2 --- Cell- mediated immune response --- p.5
Chapter 1.2 --- Immunomodulation --- p.6
Chapter 1.3 --- An overview of the Host-mediated response against tumours --- p.9
Chapter 1.3.1 --- T and B lymphocytes --- p.9
Chapter 1.3.2 --- M acrophages --- p.14
Chapter 1.3.3 --- Natural killer cells --- p.17
Chapter 1.3.4 --- Lymphokines-activated killer cells --- p.20
Chapter 1.3.5 --- Tumour infiltrating lymphocytes --- p.22
Chapter 1.3.6 --- Cytokines --- p.23
Chapter 1.4 --- Carbohydrates as Potential Immunostimulating agents --- p.33
Chapter 1.5 --- General Properties of Bupleuri radix (B.R.) --- p.35
Chapter Chapter Two: --- Materials and Methods --- p.36
Chapter 2.1 --- Materials --- p.37
Chapter 2.1.1 --- Animals --- p.37
Chapter 2.1.2 --- Bupleuri radix --- p.37
Chapter 2.1.3 --- "Buffers, culture media and chemicals" --- p.37
Chapter 2.1.4 --- Cell lines --- p.48
Chapter 2.2 --- Methods --- p.49
Chapter 2.2.1 --- Extraction and fractionation of Bupleuri radix --- p.49
Chapter 2.2.2 --- Purification of Bupleuri radix --- p.54
Chapter 2.2.3 --- Characterization of Bupleuri radix --- p.55
Chapter 2.2.4 --- In vivo Drug Treatment --- p.59
Chapter 2.2.5 --- Isolation and preparation of cells --- p.59
Chapter 2.2.6 --- Assays for the immunomodulatory activities of Bupleuri radix --- p.62
Chapter 2.2.7 --- Assays for the immunorestorative properties of Bupleuri radix --- p.74
Chapter 2.2.8 --- Assays for the anti-tumour activities of Bupleuri radix --- p.75
Chapter 2.2.9 --- Statistical analysis --- p.83
Chapter Chapter Three: --- "Fractionation, Purification and Characterization of Bioactive Compounds from Bupleuri radix" --- p.84
Chapter 3.1 --- Results
Chapter 3.1.1 --- Extraction and Fractionation of Bupleuri radix --- p.85
Chapter 3.1.2 --- Purification of Bupleuri radix --- p.85
Chapter 3.1.3 --- Carbohydrate and Protein Contents of B.R. Fractions --- p.87
Chapter 3.1.4 --- Lack of cytotoxicity of Bupleuri radix to Mouse Splenocytes --- p.91
Chapter 3.1.5 --- LC50 of B.R. Fractions determined by Brine Shrimp Bioassay --- p.91
Chapter 3.1.6 --- Heat stability of B.R. Fractions --- p.93
Chapter 3.1.7 --- "Uronic Acid Content of BRIai, BRIaii, BRIbi and BRIbii" --- p.93
Chapter 3.2 --- Discussion --- p.93
Chapter Chapter Four: --- The Immunomodulatory Activities of Bupleuri radix --- p.96
Chapter 4.1 --- Results
Chapter 4.1.1 --- Effect of Bupleuri radix on the Specific and Nonspecific Immunity --- p.97
Chapter 4.1.1.1 --- Mitogenic effect of B.R. Fractions on Murine Splenocytes in vitro --- p.97
Chapter 4.1.1.2 --- Mitogenic effect of B.R. Fractions on Murine Splenocytes ex vivo --- p.97
Chapter 4.1.1.3 --- In vitro Mitogenic effect of B.R. Fractions treated with Periodate --- p.103
Chapter 4.1.1.4 --- In vitro Mitogenic effect of B.R. Fractions treated with Acetic Acid --- p.103
Chapter 4.1.1.5 --- In vitro Co -mitogenic effect of B.R. Fractions with Polymyxin B Sulphate --- p.107
Chapter 4.1.1.6 --- Effect of B.R. Fractions on Lymphocyte sub-populations --- p.107
Chapter 4.1.1.7 --- Primary Humoral Immune Response to SRBC in B.R.-treated mice --- p.107
Chapter 4.1.1.8 --- Activity of cytotoxic T cells in B.R-treated mice --- p.111
Chapter 4.1.1.9 --- Effect of B.R. Fractions on Interleukin-1 - like Factors Production --- p.111
Chapter 4.1.1.10 --- Effect of B.R. Fractions on Interleukin-2 Production --- p.116
Chapter 4.1.1.11 --- Effect of B.R. Fractions on Interleukin-2 Receptor Expression on Murine Splenocytes --- p.116
Chapter 4.1.1.12 --- Effect of B.R. Fractions on GM-CSF Production --- p.119
Chapter 4.1.1.13 --- Immunopotentiating effects of B.R. Fractions on Macrophages: --- p.119
Chapter 4.1.1.13.1 --- In vivo Migration of Macrophages in B.R.-treated mice --- p.119
Chapter 4.1.1.13.2 --- Effect of B.R. Fractions on the Fc Receptor Expression on Murine Resident Peritoneal Exudate Cells --- p.123
Chapter 4.1.2 --- Immunorestorative Properties of Bupleuri radix --- p.123
Chapter 4.1.2.1 --- Effect of B.R. Fractions on Lymphocyte Blastogenesis in Aged Mice --- p.123
Chapter 4.1.2.2 --- Effect of B.R. Fractions on Lymphocyte Blastogenesis in Tumour-bearing Mice --- p.125
Chapter 4.2 --- Discussion --- p.125
Chapter Chapter Five: --- The Anti-tumour Activities of Bupleuri radix --- p.132
Chapter 5.1 --- Results
Chapter 5.1.1 --- Cytostatic Effect of B.R. Fractions on Murine Tumour Cell Lines in vitro --- p.133
Chapter 5.1.2 --- Effect of B.R. Fractions on the Growth of Tumour Ceils in vivo --- p.133
Chapter 5.1.3 --- Effect of B.R. Fractions on the Survival of EAT-bearing mice --- p.140
Chapter 5.1.4 --- Ex vivo Induction of Natural Killer Cell Activity by B.R. Fractions --- p.146
Chapter 5.1.5 --- In vitro Induction of Lymphokine-activated Killer Cell Activity by B.R Fractions --- p.149
Chapter 5.1.6 --- In vivo Induction of Tumour Infiltrating Lymphocytes by B.R. Fractions --- p.149
Chapter 5.1.7 --- In vitro Induction of Macrophage-mediated Cytostatic Effect on Tumour Cells by B.R. Fractions --- p.151
Chapter 5.1.8 --- In vitro Induction of Macrophage-mediated Cytostatic Eifect on Tumour Cells by B.R. Fractions --- p.153
Chapter 5.1.9 --- Effect of B.R. Fractions on γ-interferon Production in vitro --- p.156
Chapter 5.2 --- Discussion --- p.156
Chapter Chapter Six: --- "General Discussion, Conclusion and Future Prospects" --- p.164
Bibliography --- p.i
"Immunomodulatory and anti-tumor polysaccharides from pseudostellaria heterophylla." Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1993. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5895760.
Full textThesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1993.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 233-246).
ABSTRACT --- p.I
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.V
ABBREVIATIONS --- p.VI
PUBLICATIONS --- p.IX
CHAPTER
Chapter 1. --- GENERAL INTRODUCTION --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- EFFECTOR CELLS MEDIATING ANTI一TUMOR IMMUNITY --- p.3
Chapter 1.1.1 --- CYTOTOXIC T LYMPHOCYTES --- p.4
Chapter 1.1.2 --- MACROPHAGES --- p.4
Chapter 1.1.3 --- NATURAL KILLER CELLS --- p.5
Chapter 1.1.4 --- LYMPHOKINE ACTIVATED KILLER CELLS --- p.7
Chapter 1.1.5 --- TUMOR-INFILTRATING LYMPHOCYTES --- p.8
Chapter 1.2 --- BIOLOGICAL RESPONSE MODIFIERS : THE NEW IMMUNOTHERAPY --- p.9
Chapter 1. 3 --- CYTOKINES AS BIOLOGICAL RESPONSE MODIFIERS IN CANCER THERAPY --- p.12
Chapter 1.3.1 --- INTERFERONS --- p.12
Chapter 1.3.2 --- TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA --- p.13
Chapter 1.3.3 --- INTERLEUKIN-1 --- p.15
Chapter 1.3.4 --- INTERLEUKIN-2 --- p.16
Chapter 1.3.5 --- GRANULOCYTES /MACROPHAGES COLONY-STIMULATING FACTORS --- p.16
Chapter 1.3.6 --- EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR --- p.17
Chapter 1.3.7 --- TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR-BETA --- p.17
Chapter 1.4 --- BIOACTIVE POLYSACCHARIDES FROM CHINESE MEDICINAL HERBS ACT AS BIOLOGICAL RESPONSE MODIFIERS --- p.18
Chapter 2. --- AIM AND SCOPE OF INVESTIGATION --- p.27
Chapter 3. --- MATERIALS AND METHODS --- p.30
Chapter 3.1 --- MATERIALS --- p.30
Chapter 3.2 --- METHODS --- p.39
Chapter (I) --- "EXTRACTION, FRACTIONATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PSEUDOSTELLARIA HETEROPHYLLA"
Chapter 3.2.1 --- Hot water extraction and stepwise alcohol precipitation --- p.39
Chapter 3.2.2 --- "Determination of carbohydrate, protein, uronic acid contents" --- p.41
Chapter 3.2.3 --- Gel filtration --- p.41
Chapter 3.2.4 --- Anion-exchange chromatography --- p.41
Chapter 3.2.5 --- Paper chromatography --- p.42
Chapter 3.2.6 --- Gas liquid chromatography --- p.43
Chapter 3.2.7 --- Determination of molecular weight by high performance liquid chromatography --- p.44
Chapter 3.2.8 --- SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis --- p.44
Chapter 3.2.9 --- Determination of the bio´ؤtoxicity of samples --- p.46
Chapter 3.2.10 --- Treatment of samples with sodium periodate or acetic acid --- p.46
Chapter (II) --- ASSAYS OF IMMUNOMODULATORY ACTIVITIES OF PSEUDOSTELLARIA HETEROPHYLLA ON LYMPHOCYTES
Chapter 3.2.11 --- Isolation and preparation of cells --- p.48
Chapter 3.2.12 --- In vitro lymphocyte transformation assay --- p.50
Chapter 3.2.13 --- Mixed lymphocyte culture --- p.50
Chapter 3.2.14 --- Depleting mouse T cells by anti-Thy-1.2 antibody plus complement treatment --- p.51
Chapter 3.2.15 --- Depleting mouse B cells by anti-mouse B cell antibody plus complement treatment --- p.51
Chapter 3.2.16 --- Haemolytic plaque assay --- p.52
Chapter 3.2.17 --- Delayed-type hypersensitivity --- p.53
Chapter 3.2.18 --- Immunofluorescent assay for interleukin-2 receptor expression --- p.54
Chapter 3.2.19 --- Assay of murine interleukin-2 --- p.55
Chapter (III) --- ASSAYS OF IMMUNOMODULATORY ACTIVITIES OF PSEUDOSTELLARIA HETEROPHYLLA ON MACROPHAGES
Chapter 3.2.20 --- Assay of murine interleukin-1 --- p.55
Chapter 3.2.21 --- In vivo migration of macrophages --- p.56
Chapter 3.2.22. --- Assay of phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages --- p.56
Chapter 3.2.23 --- Northern blotting of mRNA of β-actin gene extracted from peritoneal exudate cells --- p.57
Chapter (IV) --- ASSAYS OF ANTI-TUMOR ACTIVITIES OF PSEUDOSTELLARIA HETEROPHYLLA
Chapter 3.2.24 --- Assay of anti-tumor activity in vitro --- p.62
Chapter 3.2.25 --- Assay of anti-tumor activity in vivo --- p.63
Chapter 3.2.26 --- Priming effect of different fractions for the induction of TNF-α in mice --- p.63
Chapter 3 .2.27 --- In vitro stimulation of TNF-α release from resting peritoneal macrophages --- p.64
Chapter 3.2.28 --- Effects of P. heterophylla polysaccharides on TNF-α and IFN-gamma production as well as EAT growth in vivo --- p.64
Chapter 3.2.29 --- Macrophage-mediated cytostatic activity --- p.65
Chapter 3 2.30 --- Assay of lymphokine-activated killer cell activity --- p.66
Chapter 3 2.31 --- Assay of natural killer cell activity --- p.67
Chapter 3.2.32 --- Assay of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes --- p.68
Chapter (V) --- ASSAYS FOR THE EFFECTS OF PSEUDOSTELLARIA HETEROPHYLLA ON THE PROLIFERATION AND DIFFERENTIATION OF MURINE BONE MARROW CELLS AND MYELOID LEUKAEMIC Ml CELLS
Chapter 3.2.33 --- Assay of proliferation of murine bone marrow cells --- p.69
Chapter 3.2.34 --- Assay of differentiation of murine bone marrow cells --- p.70
Chapter 3.2.35 --- Assay of differentiation of Ml cells --- p.71
Chapter 3.2.36 --- Induction of GM-CSF from bone marrow cells and Ml cells --- p.71
Chapter (VI) --- ASSAYS OF THE IMMUNORESTORATIVE PROPERTIES OF PSEUDOSTELLARIA HETEROPHYLLA
Chapter 3.2.37 --- Immunorestoration in tumor-bearing mice --- p.72
Chapter 3.2.38 --- Immunorestoration in aged mice --- p.72
Chapter 3.2.39 --- Immunorestoration in cyclophosphamide- treated mice --- p.73
Chapter 3.2.40 --- Statistical analysis --- p.73
Chapter 4. --- "EXTRACTION, FRACTIONATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MITOGENIC FRACTIONS FROM PSEUDOSTELLARIA HETEROPHYLLA"
INTRODUCTION --- p.74
RESULTS --- p.76
Chapter 4.1 --- Extraction and fractionation of Pseudostellaria heterophylla --- p.76
Chapter 4.2 --- Gel filtration and anion-exchange chromatography --- p.76
Chapter 4.3 --- Characterization of bioactive fractions from Pseudostellaria heterophylla --- p.79
Chapter 4.4 --- Mitogenic activity of fraction PH-I on murine lymphocytes in vitro --- p.96
Chapter 4.5 --- Mitogenic effect of PH-I on murine lymphocytes in vivo --- p.102
Chapter 4.6 --- Effect of PH-I on polyclonal B cell activation --- p.102
Chapter 4.7 --- Adjuvant effect of PH-I on antibody response to SRBC in vivo --- p.106
Chapter 4.8 --- Evidences to support the mitogenic activity of PH-I is due to its polysaccharide rather than due to the contamination by LPS --- p.106
Chapter 4.9 --- The effects of PH-I on IL-2 production and IL-2 receptor expression on murine lymphocytes in vitro --- p.110
Chapter 4.10 --- The mitogenic activity of the purified fractions on murine lymphocytes in vitro --- p.110
Chapter 4.11 --- Adjuvant effect of PH-I Ab on antibody response to SRBC in vivo --- p.116
Chapter 4.12 --- Mitogenic effect of PH-I C on murine lymphocytes in vivo --- p.116
Chapter 4.13 --- Evidences to support the mitogenic activity of PH-I Ab is due to its polysaccharide rather than due to the contamination by LPS --- p.122
DISCUSSION --- p.122
Chapter 5. --- IMMUNOMODULATING AND ANTI-TUMOR ACTIVITIES OF ALCOHOL- INSOLUBLE FRACTION (PH-I) FROM THE HOT WATER EXTRACT OF PSEUDOSTELLARIA HETEROPHYLLA
INTRODUCTION --- p.133
RESULTS --- p.135
Chapter 5.1 --- Effect of PH-I on cytokine production --- p.135
Chapter 5.2 --- In vivo activation of macrophages by PH-I --- p.135
Chapter 5.3 --- Effect of PH-I on the activation of β-actin gene transcription in peritoneal macrophages --- p.142
Chapter 5.4 --- Effect of PH-I on the in vitro growth of various tumor cell lines --- p.142
Chapter 5.5 --- Immunorestoration of PH-I on the mitogenic response in EAT-bearing mice --- p.147
DISCUSSION --- p.147
Chapter 6. --- IMMUNOMODULATING AND ANTI-TUMOR ACTIVITIES OF PURIFIED FRACTIONS SEPARATED FROM PSEUDOSTELLARIA HETEROPHYLLA
INTRODUCTION --- p.154
RESULTS --- p.157
Chapter 6.1 --- In vitro anti-tumor activities of P. heterophylla --- p.157
Chapter 6.2 --- In vivo anti-tumor activities of P. heterophylla --- p.165
Chapter 6.3 --- Effect of P. heterophylla fractions on induction of delayed-type hypersensitivity --- p.165
Chapter 6.4 --- Effect of PH-I fraction on the cytotoxic alloreactive T lymphocytes in vitro --- p.165
Chapter 6.5 --- Effect of P. heterophylla on the production of TNF-α and IFN-gamma --- p.170
Chapter 6.6 --- Effect of P. heterophylla on the activation of macrophages --- p.176
Chapter 6.7 --- "Effect of P. heterophylla on the activation of NK, LAK and TIL" --- p.181
Chapter 6.8 --- The effect of combined treatment of EAT-bearing mice with P. heterophylla amd Mur-TNF-α on the growth of EAT cells in vivo --- p.181
Chapter 6 9 --- Immunorestorative activities of P. heterophylla in aged mice and cyclophosphamide-treated mice --- p.187
DISCUSSION --- p.187
Chapter 7. --- EFFECTS OF PSEUDOSTELLARIA HETEROPHYLLA ON PROLIFERATION AND DIFFERENTIATION OF MURINE BONE MARROW CELLS AND MYELOID LEUKAEMIC Ml CELLS
INTRODUCTION --- p.200
RESULTS --- p.202
Chapter 7.1 --- Effect of P. het erophyl1a on the proliferation and differentiation of murine bone marrow cells --- p.202
Chapter 7 .2 --- Effects of P. heterophyl la on the proliferation and differentiation of murine myeloid leukaemia Ml cells --- p.205
Chapter 7 .3 --- Effects of P. heterophylla on GM-CSF production by bone marow cells and myeloid leukaemia Ml cells --- p.214
DISCUSSION --- p.218
Chapter 8. --- CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES --- p.223
BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.233
"Study on the immunomodulatory and anti-tumor polysaccharides from aloe vera L. var. chinensis (Haw.) Berg." 2003. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b6073561.
Full text"July, 2003."
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 270-283).
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
"Plant-Expressed Recombinant Universal Influenza A Vaccine Candidates." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.64290.
Full textDissertation/Thesis
Masters Thesis Molecular and Cellular Biology 2019