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1
Yolidje, Issoufou, Djibo Alfa Keita, Idrissa Moussa, Abdoulaye Toumane, Sahabi Bakasso, Karim Saley, Tilman Much, Jean-Luc Pirat, and Jean Maurille Ouamba. "Enquête ethnobotanique sur les plantes utilisées traditionnellement au Niger dans la lutte contre les moustiques vecteurs des maladies parasitaires." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 14, no. 2 (May 12, 2020): 570–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v14i2.21.
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Le paludisme apparaît comme la plus vieille et la plus meurtrière des maladies tropicales. A travers le monde, de nombreux peuples ont utilisé traditionnellement des plantes pour lutter contre cette maladie. Pour contribuer à la lutte préventive contre le paludisme, une enquête ethnobotanique a été menée à Niamey au près des 40 tradipraticiens afin inventorier les plantes spontanées présumées avoir des activités insecticides. Il ressort des résultats de cette enquête, une nette prédominance des hommes dans l’exercice de la médecine traditionnelle au Niger. En effet, sur les 40 tradipraticiens enquêtés, 36 sont des hommes contre seulement 4 femmes. L’enquête a permis de recenser 28 espèces végétales potentiellement insecticides. Ces plantes sont reparties dans plusieurs familles, celles les plus représentatives sont les Papilionaceae (21,4%), les Lamiaceae (7,1%), les Euphorbiaceae (7,1%), les Combretaceae (7,1%) et les Capparidaceae (7,1%). Les plantes fréquemment citées sont: Azadirachta indica (21%), Striga hermontheca (13,9%) et Hyptis spicigera (10,0%). Les parties des plantes les plus utilisées sont principalement les feuilles (53,3%) et les tiges feuillées (33,3%), avec comme mode principal d’utilisation la fumigation (82,0%). Ces résultats pourraient servir dans le domaine de la recherche des nouveaux biopesticides. L’investigation sera étendue à d’autres régions du pays afin de rassembler le maximum d’espèces végétales antipaludiques.
Mots clés: Enquête ethnobotanique, tradipraticiens, plantes insecticides, moustiques, paludisme.
English title: Ethnobotanical survey on plants traditionally used in Niger in the fight against mosquitoes vectors of parasitic diseases
Malaria appears to be the oldest and deadliest tropical disease. Throughout the world, many people have traditionally used plants to fight this disease. To contribute to the preventive fight against malaria, an ethnobotanical survey has been carried out in Niamey with traditional practitioners to inventory spontaneous plants presumed to have insecticidal activities. The survey shows a predominance of men in the sector; thus, of the 40 traditional healers surveyed, we have 36 men and 4 women. The survey identified 28 potentially insecticidal plant species. These plants are distributed in several families, the most representative are Papilionaceae (21.4%), Lamiaceae (7.1%), Euphorbiaceae (7.1%), Combretaceae (7.1%) and Capparidaceae (7.1%). The most frequently mentioned plants are: Azadirachta indica (21%), Striga hermontheca (13.9%) and Hyptis spicigera (10.0%). The most commonly used plant parts are mainly leaves (53.3%) and leafy stems (33.3%), with fumigation as the main mode of use (82.0%). These results could be used in the field of research of new biopesticides. The investigation will be extended to other regions of the country to gather the maximum number of plant antimalarial species.
Keywords: Ethnobotanical survey, traditional healers, medicinal plants, mosquitoes, malaria.
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Lagnaoui, Abdelaziz, Edward B. Radcliffe, and Grant Terlemezian. "Wireworm Control on Potato, 1989." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 15, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/15.1.131.
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Abstract Certified B-size potatoes were planted 23 May at the University of Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station, Rosemount, MN. Treatments were 2 rows wide and 100 ft long with 40-inch row spacing. Treatments were randomized in complete blocks with 4 replications. Granular insecticides were applied in furrow with a planter-mounted granular applicator. A non-insecticidal check was planted between every 2 insecticidal treatments. The plots were not sprayed with any foliar insecticide. On 18 Sep, potatoes were harvested, counted and scored for wireworm injury. Control for each treatment was calculated as percent reduction in wireworm damage relative to the adjacent untreated control.
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Cloutier, Conrad, Jean-Marie Perron, and Christine Jean. "Extraits de l'évolution de l'entomologie appliquée au Québec : emphase sur la phytoprotection." Phytoprotection 89, no. 2-3 (November 20, 2009): 79–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/038236ar.
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Le développement de l’entomologie au Québec comme science naturelle a commencé avec des naturalistes érudits comme William Couper, Léon Provancher et Henry Lyman qui ont observé abondamment et décrit l’entomofaune du Québec, fondé des sociétés professionnelles et rédigé les premiers ouvrages scientifiques sur les insectes du Québec. Au début du XXe siècle, l’importance économique des plantes agricoles et des essences de coupes forestières a atteint un niveau favorisant la naissance de l’entomologie appliquée. Son développement initial est marqué par la fondation de la SPPQ, la création du premier programme d’études supérieures en entomologie, ainsi que le recrutement d’entomologistes professionnels dans les institutions publiques de protection des plantes contre les ravageurs. Les entomologistes en chef James Fletcher au gouvernement fédéral et Victor Huard au gouvernement provincial, ainsi que les professeurs William Lochhead du Collège Macdonald et Georges Maheux de l’École forestière de l’Université Laval, sont des figures remarquables de cette époque. Les entomologistes publient abondamment sur le cycle de vie des insectes nuisibles, sur les dommages causés et sur les moyens de lutte efficaces avec des insecticides encore primitifs et dangereux. Pendant plusieurs décennies, Ernest-Melville DuPorte se trouve au Collège Macdonald au centre des études supérieures et de la recherche en entomologie au Québec. Après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, la demande en denrées alimentaires et en fibre ligneuse croît à un rythme sans précédent, de même que la lutte aux ravageurs, à l’ère nouvelle des produits chimiques de synthèse, notamment des insecticides comme le DDT. En agriculture, les entomologistes actifs en phytoprotection se regroupent au laboratoire de recherche de Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu et au Service de la protection des cultures du MAPAQ, ainsi que dans leurs stations de recherche de terrain. La recherche en entomologie forestière se développe à Québec autour du laboratoire fédéral des Laurentides et à la Faculté d’arpentage et de génie forestier (aujourd’hui la Faculté de foresterie, de géographie et de géomatique) de l’Université Laval. Sous la pression de l’industrie forestière, les arrosages aériens aux insecticides deviennent systématiques et sont surtout régis par l’abondance cyclique de la tordeuse des bourgeons de l’épinette. À la fin des années 1960, l’entomologie appliquée prend lentement un virage écologique, ouvert au contrôle naturel des ravageurs et aux idées de la résistance des plantes et de la stimulation de l’impact des agents biologiques de répression. La recherche et la formation aux études supérieures en entomologie connaissent un essor marqué dans les centres universitaires établis et nouvellement créés. La fin du XXe siècle est marquée par l’arrivée des plantes transgéniques résistantes aux ravageurs et les conséquences prévisibles du réchauffement climatique sur l’abondance et la diversité des ravageurs. L’entomologie comme activité scientifique professionnelle s’est enrichie de l’arrivée de nombreuses femmes dans les centres de recherche et les universités, bien qu’affectée par le ralentissement du recrutement d’entomologistes professionnels dans les services publics et les universités et l’incertitude des conditions économiques futures.
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Lagnaoui, Abdelaziz, and Edward B. Radcliffe. "Wireworm Control on Potato, 1988:." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 14, no. 1 (January 1, 1989): 143–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/14.1.143.
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Abstract Certified B-size potatoes were planted 23 May at the University of Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station, Rosemount. The field, a Waukegan silt loam, had been in alfalfa the previous 3 yr. Treatments were 2 rows, 120 ft long, with 40-inch row spacing. Treatments were randomized in complete blocks with 5 replications. Granular insecticides were applied in furrow with a planter-mounted granular applicator. An untreated control was planted between every 2 insecticidal treatments. The plots were not sprayed with any foliar insecticide. On 1 Oct potatoes were harvested, counted, and scored for wireworm injury. Control for each treatment was calculated as the percentage of reduction in wireworm damage relative to the adjacent untreated control. The granular insecticides also were evaluated for nontarget species on 27 Jun, 6 Jul, 18 Jul, 28 Jul, 5 Aug, 11 Aug, and 23 Aug. Plots were sampled for PLH and PFB by counting 35 mid-plant leaves. CPB larvae were counted by instar on 20 randomly selected plants in each plot.
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Seymour, R. C., J. B. Campbell, and R. J. Wright. "Control of Western Corn Rootworm Larvae in West Central Nebraska, 1992." Arthropod Management Tests 19, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/19.1.209.
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Abstract Granular insecticides were applied to suppress larval rootworm populations in 2 fields in west central NE. ‘Pioneer 3394’ hybrid field corn was ridge-planted in Field 1 with a John Deere Max-emerge planter, to a non-tilled seed bed on 11 May. Insecticides were applied at planting with insecticide boxes attached to the planter. Three replications of each treatment were arranged in a RCB design. T-band applications were made by applying a 7 inch band of insecticide in front of the press wheel. In-furrow applications were made by applying insecticide directly into the seed furrow. All insecticides were applied at a rate of 1114.5 g (AI)/ha. Field 2 was ridge-planted to ‘Fontanelle 4435’ and ‘Fontanelle 6240’ hybrid field corn with a John Deere Max-emerge planter, to a non-tilled seed bed on 6 May. With the exception of 4 strips, 12 rows in width, Counter 15G was applied at planting with insecticide boxes on the planter at a rate of 1114.5 g (AI)/ha. A granular and a liquid insecticide were applied to untreated strips in Field 2 immediately prior to cultivation on 15 Jun. The field corn plants were in the early whorl stage (growth stage 2) of development at the time of application. The granular application was applied over the whorl of the plants with insecticide boxes attached to a tool bar. The liquid insecticide was applied in a 7 inch band to the base of the plants in total volume of 120 liter/ha at 206,786 Pa (30 psi). Cultivation treatments were applied at a rate of 1114.5 g (AI)/ha. Each treatment in Field 2 was applied to 10 × 4 m plots which were replicated 4 times and arranged in a RCB design. Two blocks of treatments were applied to ‘Fontanelle 4435’ hybrid field corn plants and 2 blocks of treatments were planted to ‘Fontanelle 6240’ hybrid field corn plants. Treatments in both fields were evaluated 13 Jul by rating washed roots, using the 1-6 Iowa Root Damage Rating Scale, of 4 plants from each replicate.
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Riley, Thomas J., Blair C. David, and Mark S. Smith. "Early-Season Control of Chinch Bugs in Corn with Soil Insecticides, 1989." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 16, no. 1 (January 1, 1991): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/16.1.168.
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Abstract Pioneer 3320’ field corn was planted for Tests I—III on 6 Apr and for Test IV on 19 Apr in loessial silt loam (Gigger-Gilbert complex) at the Macon Ridge branch of the LSU Northeast Research Station. Granular insecticides were applied at planting using a 2-row John Deere Model 71 Flexi-Planter, modified to carry 1-pt jars of insecticide. Jars were inverted above funnels connected by flexible delivery tubes to either a 7-inch band or an in-furrow application. The diam of a single central fole in the lid of each jar, in combination with tractor speed, determined the rate of insecticide flow. Banded insecticides were applied in front of the press wheel and further incorporated by a drag chain attached to the rear of the planter. Liquid insecticides were applied using a carbon dioxode pressurized planter-mounted sprayer dispensing insecticide from 2-liter plastic bottles. Application pressure was 50 psi using a Tee Jet no. 11004 nozzle. Banded sprays were applied as 8-inch bands across the open seed furrow ahead of the press wheel. For in-furrow spray applications, nozzles were rotated 90° and the spray directed into the open seed furrow A drag chain behind the press wheel provided slight additional incorporation after closure of the seed furrow. Tests were conducted in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications, each treatment consisting of 2, 40-ft rows spaced 36 inches apart. Efficacy of insecticide treatments against chinch bugs in corn were determined by counting the number of chinch bugs/10 randomly selected plants in each insecticide plot (5 plants/row × 2 rows/plot × 4 replications) The number of chinch bug-damaged plants per 40 row ft was also counted in each insecticide plot (2 rows/plots × 4 replications). Data are reported as mean number of chinch bugs/10 plants and mean number of damaged plants/40 row ft.
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David, Blair C., Thomas J. Riley, and Mark S. Smith. "Chinch Bug Control in Sorghum with Liquid and Granular Soil Insecticides, 1989." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 16, no. 1 (January 1, 1991): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/16.1.216.
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Abstract Funks G522 DR' grain sorghum was planted 21 Aug in loessial silt loam (Gigger-Gilbert complex) at the Macon Ridge branch of the LSU Northeast Research Station, adjacent to a recently harvested corn field to take advantage of chinch bugs seeking fresh vegetation on which to feed and produce the final fall generation. Granular insecticides were applied at planting using a 2-row John Deere Model 71 Flexi-Planter, modified to carry 1-pt jars of insecticide. Jars were inverted above funnels connected by flexible delivery tubes to either a 7-inch band or an in-furrow applicator. The diameter of a single central hole in the lid of each jar, in combination with tractor speed, determined the rate of insecticide flow. Banded insecticides were applied in front of the press wheel and further incorporated by a drag chain attached to the rear of the planter. Liquid insecticides were applied using a carbon dioxide pressurized planter-mounted sprayer dispensing insecticide from 2-liter plastic bottles. Application pressure was 50 psi using a Tee Jet #11004 nozzle. Banded sprays were applied as 8-inch bands across the open seed furrow ahead of the press wheel. For in-furrow spray applications, nozzles were rotated 90 degrees and spray directed into the open seed furrow. A drag chain behind the press wheel provided slight additional incorporation after closure of the seed furrow. A randomized complete block design with 4 replications was used, and each treatment consisted of two 40-ft rows spaced 36 inches apart. Efficacy of insecticide treatments against chinch bugs in sorghum were determined by counting the number of chinch bugs/10 randomly selected plants in each insecticide plot (5 plants/row × 2 rows/plot × 4 replications). The number of plants/40 ft of row was also counted in each insecticide plot (2 rows/plot × 4 replications). Data are reported as mean number of chinch bugs/10 plants and mean number of plants/40 ft of row.
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Nouhoum ALASSANE, Abdoulaye, Kherlifath AMIDOU, Elisabeth Tohouédé ZANNOU, and Sahidou SALIFOU. "Efficacité insecticide in vitro et in vivo de l’huile essentielle de Cymbopogon nardus (Poaceae) sur les poux Menopon gallinae, parasites des volailles." Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences 56, no. 2 (May 31, 2023): 10320–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.35759/janmplsci.v56-2.3.
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La prévention des animaux contre les insectes a été basée sur les insecticides chimiques. Cependant, les problèmes liés à l'utilisation de ces produits chimiques poussent les chercheurs à se tourner vers des alternatives comme les plantes naturelles. Dans cette étude, une huile essentielle des feuilles de Cymbopogon nardus Poaceae (citronnelle) est achetée auprès du Laboratoire d’enzymologie et biochimie des protéines de l’Institut des Sciences Biomédicales Appliquées et dont un échantillon a été envoyé au laboratoire lexva de France pour caractérisation chimique au moyen d'un chromatographe en phase gazeuse couplé à un spectromètre de masse. Cette huile a été testée à différentes doses in vitro par contact (0,5 ; 1 ; 1,5 ; 2 ; 2,5 et 3 µl par ml d’acétone) et in vivo par aspersion (1 ml dans 29 ml d’eau distillée) à la température ambiante sur des formes adultes de Menopon gallinae (poux des poulets) Les résultats obtenus montrent que l’huile essentielle des feuilles de Cymbopogon nardus présente une activité insecticide significative sur les poux Menopon gallinae. Après une heure d’exposition, le produit a causé in vitro des mortalités supérieures à 50% avec les doses de 2µl et 2,5µl et de 100% avec la plus forte concentration (3µl). Cet effet est confirmé in vivo avec disparition complète des poux (100%) au bout de 10 jours d’application de cette huile sur les poulets naturellement infestés. L’activité insecticide observée peut être liée aux différents composants chimiques de cette huile prédominée en citronellal (43,97%), en géraniol (24,73%) et en citronellol (10,52%) qui agiraient en complémentarité. Les résultats prometteurs observés doivent être associés à d’autres essais complémentaires afin de confirmer l’efficacité pratique de cette huile dans l’élaboration d’antiparasitaires externes. ABSTRACT The prevention of animals against insects has been based on chemical insecticides. However, the problems associated with the use of these chemicals lead researchers to turn to alternatives such as natural plants. In this study, an essential oil from the leaves of Cymbopogon nardus Poaceae (lemongrass) was purchased from the Laboratory of Enzymology and Protein Biochemistry of the Institute of Applied Biomedical Sciences. To know its chemical composition, a sample was sent to the lexva laboratory in France for Alassane et al., 2023 Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences (J.Anim.Plant Sci. ISSN 2071-7024) Vol.56(2) : 10320 -10326 https://doi.org/10.35759/JAnmPlSci.v56-2.3 10321 analysis by means of a chromatograph. This oil has been tested at different doses in vitro by contact (0.5; 1; 1.5; 2; 2.5 and 3 µl per ml of acetone) and in vivo by spraying (1 ml in 29 ml of distilled water) at room temperature on adult forms of Menopon gallinae (chicken lice). The results obtained show that the essential oil of the leaves of Cymbopogon nardus has a significant insecticidal activity on Menopon gallinae lice. After one hour of exposure, the product caused in vitro mortality greater than 50% with doses of 2µl and 2.5µl and 100% with the highest concentration (3µl). This effect is confirmed in vivo with complete disappearance of lice (100%) after 10 days of application of this oil to naturally infested chickens. The insecticidal activity observed can be linked to the different chemical components of this oil, predominantly citronellal (43.97%), geraniol (24.73%) and citronellol (10.52%), which would act in complementarity. The promising results observed must be associated with other complementary tests in order to confirm the practical effectiveness of this oil in the development of external parasiticides.
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Johnson, Gregory, Kurt Kammerzell, and Susan Hudson. "Control of Sugarbeet Insect Pests, 1988." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 14, no. 1 (January 1, 1989): 282–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/14.1.282a.
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Abstract Granular insecticide treatments were applied at planting time to 2 separate flood-irrigated fields located in the Yellowstone Valley of eastern Montana. Field 1, previously in alfalfa, was planted to ‘Beta 3265’ on 24 May using an IH185 8-row planter. Granular insecticides were banded on top of the ridge through a ground-driven Gandy applicator and lightly incorporated with a drag chain. Each treatment and untreated control were replicated 10 times in a randomized complete block design. Individual replicates were 2 rows (22-inch spacing) by 2,500 ft. Field 2 was planted in ‘Beta 6566’ on 1 Apr using an Arts-Way Heath Airseeder. This field was a 3-yr stand of alfalfa. Insecticides were banded on top of the row through an electric-drive Gandy applicator and roto-incorporated 2-3 inches deep.
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Negron, Jose F., and Thomas J. Riley. "Early-Season Control of Chinch Bugs in Field Corn with Granular Insecticides, 1987." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 13, no. 1 (January 1, 1988): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/13.1.225.
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Abstract ‘Pioneer 3165’ field corn was planted on 7 Apr in loessial silt loam (Gigger-Gilbert complex) at the Macon Ridge branch of the LSU Northeast Research Station. Granular insecticides were applied at planting using a 2-row John Deere Model 71 Flexi-Planter, modified to carry 1-pt jars of insecticide. Jars were inverted above funnels connected by flexible delivery tubes to either a 7-inch band or an in-furrow applicator. The diameter of a single central hole in the lid of each jar, in combination with tractor speed, determined the rate of insecticide flow. Banded insecticides were applied in front of the press wheel and further incorporated by a drag cahin attached to the rear of the planter. A randomized complete block design with 4 replications was used, and each treatment consisted of two 40-ft rows spaced 36 inches apart. Treatments were evaluated 6 May by counting the number of chinch bugs/20 plants, the number of plants infested with nymphs, and stand counts/40 ft of row. After maturity the corn was harvested and data collected on lb of shelled corn per 40 ft of row.
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Seymour, R. C., J. B. Campbell, and R. J. Wright. "Control of Western Corn Rootworm Larvae in West Central Nebraska, 1995." Arthropod Management Tests 21, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/21.1.227.
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Abstract Insecticides were applied to suppress larval rootworm populations in 2 fields near North Platte, NE. Both fields were composed of Cozad silt loam soils. In Field 1 ‘DeKalb 566’ hybrid field corn was ridge-planted with a John Deere 7100 Max-emerge planter, to a non-tilled seed bed on 19 May. At the time of planting, soil moisture was adequate for germination and the soil temperature at a depth of 5 cm was about 8° C. Several insecticides were applied at planting to plots 2 rows wide, 10 m in length, with a bicycle wheel type applicator. Four replications of each treatment were arranged in a RCB design. T-band applications were made by applying a 7 inch band of insecticide to an open seed furrow. In-furrow applications were made by applying insecticide directly into the seed furrow. After the insecticides were applied, furrows were closed with a rotary hoe and insecticides were incorporated with a rake. Field 2 was ridge-planted to ‘BoJac 577’ field corn with a John Deere 7100 Max-emerge planter, in a non-tilled seed bed on 18 May. At the time of planting, soil moisture was adequate for germination and the soil temperature at a depth of 5 cm was about 13° C. With the exception of 4 field length strips, 12 rows in width, Lorsban 15G was applied at planting with insecticide boxes on the planter at a rate of 1100 g Al/ha. Granular and liquid insecticides were applied to untreated strips in Field 2 immediately prior to cultivation on 22 Jun. The corn plants were in the early whorl stage (V3 stage) of development at the time of application. The plots for the granular treatments in Field 2 were 10 m in length and 4 rows wide. The granular treatments were applied in a 7 inch band, over the whorl of the plants, with a bicycle wheel type applicator. Furadan 4F was applied to 10 X 4 m plots in Field 2, either broadcast over the top of the plants or in 7 inch bands to the base of the plants. All liquid treatments were applied in a total volume of 120 liters/ha at 30 psi. All treatments were replicated 4 times and arranged in a RCB design. Treatments in both fields were evaluated 26 Jul by rating washed roots, using the 1-6 Iowa root damage rating scale, of 4 plants from each replicate.
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Cheshire, J. M., and W. R. Slaughter. "Lesser Cornstalk Borer Control in Grain Sorghum, 1985." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 11, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 320–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/11.1.320.
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Abstract Insecticide-treated and untreated grain sorghum seed were planted in Pike Co, GA on 18 Jun. The test was arranged as a randomized complete block experimental design with 4 replicates. The soil type was a Cecil clay loam. All plots were planted with a 2-row cone-type small plot planter (double-disk opener, press wheel, 32-inch row spacing). Tht planter was equipped with pressurized canisters for delivery of liquid insecticides (30 gal/acre at 20 psi) and an electric metering unit for deliver, of granular insecticides. Liquid and granular formulations were applied at planting in a 7-inch band in front of each press wheel. Data were collected from 2-row × 24-ft plots which were separated on each side by a border row which received the same treatment as the adjacent plot. The numbers of healthy and lesser cornstalk borer (LCB) damaged plants were counted in each plot 19 and 44 days after planting. Each plant with LCB damagi was identified by characteristic damage symptoms (dead or dying central whorl or complete wilting) and also by the presence of LCB larvae or their silken feeding tubes which extend laterally in the soil from plant bases.
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Sewell, Gary H., and R. H. Storch. "Irish Potato, Control of Potato-Infesting Aphids, 1992." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 18, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/18.1.153.
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Abstract The experiment was a randomized complete block design replicated six times, conducted at Presque Isle, ME on land that was in clover in 1991. It was planted 20 May. The 3.0 m space between blocks and the 1.8 m space between the four-row plots were sown to oats on 1 Jul. All rows were planted with an assisted-feed planter, 0.9 m apart and 15.0 m long and the healthy whole Katahdin seed (ca. 75 g) were 30 cm apart. Fertilizer and hilling practices were normal for the area. Early and late blight were controlled by seven foliar applications of a flowable maneb (4F) 2.3 to 3.5L/ha). Furrow applications of insecticides were made by hand with a plastic tube applying previously weighed amounts of insecticide. Foliar insecticide applications were made with a Century boom sprayer, three nozzles per row at 6.3 kg/cm2 pressure and 0.94 kl/ha.
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Zhang, Jing, Ying-Qian Liu, Liu Yang, and Gang Feng. "Podophyllotoxin Derivatives Show Activity against Brontispa Longissima Larvae." Natural Product Communications 5, no. 8 (August 2010): 1934578X1000500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1000500820.
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In an attempt to find biorational insecticides, eleven podophyllotoxin analogues were tested for their insecticidal activity against the fifth-instar larvae of Brontispa longissima in vivo for the first time. Among all of the tested compounds, deoxypodophyllotoxin (3) and β-apopicropodophyllin (4) showed more promising and pronounced insecticidal activity than toosendanin, a commercial insecticide derived from Melia toosendan, and important SAR information has been revealed. Together, these preliminary results may be useful in guiding further modification of podophyllotoxins in the development of potential new insecticides.
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Radcliffe, Edward B., Clifford G. Watrin, and Abdelaziz Lagnaoui. "Wireworm Control on Potato, 1986." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 13, no. 1 (January 1, 1988): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/13.1.161.
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Abstract Certified B-size potatoes were planted 29 May at the University of Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station, Rosemount. The field, a Waukegan silt loam, had been in alfalfa the previous 3 yr. Treatments were 2 rows, 80 ft long, with 40-inch row spacing. Treatments were randomized in complete blocks with 5 replications. Granular insecticides were applied in-furrow using a planter-mounted granular applicator. For the treatment with 2 insecticides used in combination, 1 insecticide was applied with the planter empty of seed and the other was applied when planting. Every third plot was an untreated control. Once during the season, on 8 Aug, the entire experimental block was sprayed with Pydrin 2.4E, at 0.05 lb (AI)/ acre, to control potato leafhopper. Two rows were harvested from each plot 2 Oct. The potatoes were washed, counted, and scored for wireworm injury. Data for untreated control plots were pooled within replications. Control was calculated relative to the untreated plots.
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Hein, G. L., M. E. Gray, M. A. Boetel, and D. D. Walgenbach. "Corn Rootworm Larval Control in South Dakota, 1987." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 13, no. 1 (January 1, 1988): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/13.1.209.
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Abstract Planting-time soil insecticide test plots were located at 4 locations. The insecticide histories of these locations are as follows: Brookings, insecticide test plots (1985), no other insecticide history; Pierre, Dyfonate (1984, 1986), no insecticide (1985, 1983); Hurley, Counter (1985-1986), Lorsban (1983-1984); Garretson, Counter (1985-1986), Furadan (1984, 1982), and Dyfonate (1983). The experimental design for all studies was a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Individual treatment plots consisted of single rows, 15 m long. Granular formulations of insecticides were applied with modified Noble metering units mounted on a specially adapted Kinze 4-row corn planter. The metering units were ground driven, and all units were calibrated on the planter. The granules were applied in a 18-cm band in front of the furrow-closing wheels and incorporated by the wheels and drag chains. Mocap was applied behind the furrow-closing wheels in an 18-cm band and incorporated with drag chains. In-furrow applications were directed immediately between the double disk seed furrow openers. Seed treatments were planted with the planter by switching separate seed boxes containing the treated seed to the appropriate rows. Cultivation treatments were applied with a specially adapted cultivator equipped with Noble metering units driven by 12 V electric motors. Five roots/replicate were dug from each treatment (20-29 Jul). Roots were washed and rated for rootworm feeding damage using the Iowa 1-6 rating system.
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Cheshire, J. M., and W. R. Slaughter. "Wireworm Control in Sweet Corn, 1985." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 11, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/11.1.128.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Insecticide-treated and untreated corn seed were planted in Pike Co., GA on 6 Apr. The test was arranged as a randomized complete block experimental design with 4 replicates. The soil type was a Cecil clay loam. All plots were planted with a 2-row cone-type small plot planter (double-disk opener, press wheel, 32-inch row spacing). The planter was equipped with pressurized canisters for delivery of liquid insecticides (30 gal/acre at 20 psi) and an electric metering unit for delivery of granular insecticides. Liquid and granular formulations were applied at planting in a 7-inch band in front of each press wheel. Data were collected from 2-row × 30-ft plots which were separated on each side by an untreated border row. The numbers of healthy and wireworm damaged plants were counted in each plot 17 and 42 days after planting. Each plant with wireworm damage was identified by characteristic damage symptoms (dead or dying central whorl, stunting or complete wilting). Examination of the subterranean parts of damaged plants and soil sampling in untreated border rows of each replicate resulted in the collection of no corn infesting soil insects other than the 3 wireworm species listed above.
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Hower, Arthur A., and Sandy Alexander. "Corn Rootworm Control, 1988." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 14, no. 1 (January 1, 1989): 201–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/14.1.201a.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Two insecticide evaluation studies were conducted for control of mixed populations of NCW and WCR. Test 1 was conducted at the Pennsylvania Agricultural Experiment Station farm at Rock Springs, Centre County, Pa. Corn was planted no-till 23 May using a 2-row John Deere Max Emerge planter with 30-inch row spacing. Insecticides were applied to 10- by 40-ft plots in a randomized complete block design with 5 replicates/treatment. On 30 Jun plots were thinned to 28,000 plants/acre. Root damage ratings were evaluated 29 Jul, and 1, 2, and 3 Aug taking 5 plants/plot and using the Iowa 1-6 rating scale. Yield was determined by mechanically harvesting 2 rows from each plot for shelled corn. Test 2 was conducted on the Dotterer farm, Clinton County, Pa. Corn (‘Doeblers 75 X’) was planted no-till 9 May using the same 2-row planter. Insecticides were applied to 5-by 20-ft plots in a randomized complete block design with 5 replicates/treatment. Plots were thinned to 28,000 plants/acre 22 Jun. Root damage ratings were evaluated 18 and 19 Jul, taking 4 plants/plot and using the Iowa 1-6 rating scale. Yield was determined by mechanically harvesting each plot for shelled corn.
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McCartney, D. A., J. P. Reed, and B. R. Stinner. "Corn Rootworm Insecticide Trials, 1989." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 15, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): 200–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/15.1.200.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Two research plots were established at the OARDC-OSU, Wooster, OH. Both plots had been planted to corn after 1 Jun 1988. The first plot had conventional tillage practices performed while the second was no-tilled. Neither plot received any insecticide treatments in 1988. Both plots were planted by an Allis Chalmers no-till planter on which Gandy metering units were mounted to apply soil insecticides. Applications of granular soil insecticides were made over the row with 7 inch bands or in-furrow. Brace 4 E was applied as 7 inch band liquid treatment at 10 GPA and 10 psi with a pressurized Co2, 2 nozzle (8002E) research sprayer. Both plots were planted to corn on 18 May. Corn was planted at a rate of 26,000 seeds/acre. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design replicated 4 times over both tillages. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and means were separated using the least significant difference method. Two roots/plot were dug, washed and rated according to the Iowa 1-6 root rating scale on 18 Jul. Root lodging was determined on 28 Aug by examining stalks lodged greater than 30 degrees from the vertical at the plant base.
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Negron, Jose F., and Thomas J. Riley. "Chinch Bug Control in Sorghum with Granular Insecticides, 1987." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 13, no. 1 (January 1, 1988): 276. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/13.1.276a.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Funk's G522DR' grain sorghum was planted 19 Aug on loessial silt loam (Gigger-Gilbert complex) at the Macon Ridge branch of the LSU Northeast Research Station, following the harvest of a heavily infested corn field. Because the chinch bug population was very high it was expected that they would move into the seedling sorghum. The plant residue was shredded and disked into the soil. Granular insecticides were applied at planting using a 2-row John Deere Model 71 Flexi-Planter, modified to carry 1-pt jars of insecticide. Jars were inverted above funnels connected by flexible delivery tubes to either a 7-inch band or an in-furrow applicator. The diameter of a single central hole in the lid of each jar, in combination with tractor speed, determined the rate of insecticide flow. Banded insecticides were applied in front of the press wheel and further incorporated by a drag chain attached to the rear of the planter. A randomized complete block design with 4 replications was used, and each treatment consisted of two 40-ft rows spaced 36 inches apart. Treatments were evaluated 15 Sep by counting the number of chinch bugs/ft of row (based on 5 counts/replication). In addition, a visual rating using a 1-3 scale of the overall health of the plants in the different treatments was taken.
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Oleson, J. D., J. R. Rouse, P. J. Boeve, A. R. Warshaw, and J. J. Tollefson. "Field Corn, Wireworm Larval Control, 1992." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 18, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 208–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/18.1.208.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Planting-time soil insecticides and seed-treatments were evaluated for wireworm control in a silt loam field near Onslow, IA. The field had been planted no-till into soybean stubble, and required replanting due to severe wireworm damage. The test plot was planted no-till into the row centers of the original stand. Following planting, the remaining original stand was hoed out. The experimental design was a RCB with 4 replications. Treatments were applied to single, 50-ft length rows with 30-inch row spacing. Granular insecticide formulations were applied with modified Noble metering units that had been laboratory-calibrated to accurately deliver material at a speed of 4 mph. The applicators were mounted on a 4-row John Deere Max-Emerge 7100 integral planter. Each row was constantly monitored to ensure that insecticide was being correctly applied at all times. Planter-mounted drag chains were used for incorporation. Seed treatments were assigned to extra, individual seed hoppers. Following corn emergence, stand counts were taken from 1/1000 acre per treatment. Seeds/seedlings were then carefully extracted from 2, 1-m sections of each treatment row, inspected for wireworm feeding damage, and rated on the following 1 to 4 damage scale: (1) seed/seedling undamaged, (2) seed/seedling damaged but plant established, (3) seed/seedling damaged, plant showing some signs of stress, (4) seed/seedling damaged, no plant or questionable establishment. Insecticide efficacy was analyzed using ANOVA and means were separated with REGWQ.
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Hower, Arthur A., and Sandy Alexander. "Field Corn, Corn Rootworm Larval Control, 1987." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 13, no. 1 (January 1, 1988): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/13.1.218.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Two insecticide evaluation studies were conducted for control of mixed populations of northern and western corn rootworm. Experiment A was conducted at the Pennsylvania Agricultural Experiment Station farm at Rock Springs in Centre County, Pa. Corn (‘Pioneer 3540’) was planted no-till on 18 May using a 6-row John Deere Max-Emerge planter with 30-inch row spacing. Insecticides were applied to 15 × 50 ft plots in a randomized complete block design with 6 replications/treatment. Rows 1 and 6 were nontreated guard rows. Rows for harvest were standardized to 70 plants per 50-ft row. On 7 Aug 5 plants from each replication were evaluated for root damage ratings based on the Iowa 1—6 system with 6 being the most severe damage. Yield was determined by mechanically harvesting 2 rows from each plot for shelled corn. Experiment B was conducted on the Sankey farm near Plain Grove in Lawrence County, Pa. Corn (‘Dekalb DK 524’) was planted no-till on 7 May using a 2-row John Deere Max-Emerge planter with 30-inch row spacing. Insecticides were applied to 5- × 20-ft plots in a randomized complete block design with 5 replications/treatment. Root damage ratings were evaluated 30 Jul taking 5 plants/plot and using the Iowa 1-6 system. Yield was determined by mechanically harvesting each plot for shelled corn.
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Oloumi-Sadeghi, H., M. E. Gray, and K. L. Steffey. "Reduced Rates of Soil Insecticides for Corn Rootworm Control, 1987-1991." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 17, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/17.1.213.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The current application rate for most corn rootworm (CRW) soil insecticides is approximately 1.0 lb of actual insecticide per acre. Reduced rates (V2 and % of the labeled rates) of selected CRW insecticides were included in our regular insecticide evaluations to compare their effectiveness with the labeled rates. Experiments were conducted from 1987 through 1991 at several research locations. Soil insecticides were applied at planting time in-furrow or in a 7-inch band ahead of the firming wheels and incorporated into the soil. The experimental designs were randomized complete block with 4 replications. Each treatment was applied to a single 100- ft row; rows were 30 inches apart. Insecticides were metered through Noble units mounted on each of the planter units 0ohn Deere, 7000 series, 4-row Max-Emerge planter). Five roots were evaluated for damage in each plot using the Iowa State 1-6 scale. Stand counts were determined by recording the number of plants per 17.4 linear ft of row.
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Meinke, L. J., M. R. Rarnhart, J. F. Brown, and L. L. Peters. "Corn Rootworm Control, 1988." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 14, no. 1 (January 1, 1989): 206–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/14.1.206.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Planting-time (Test 1) and first-cultivation (Test 2) soil insecticide trials were conducted at Mead, Nebr., and in Clay County, Nebr. The Mead plots were in trap crop (no insecticide) during 1987 and had been used periodically for multiclass soil insecticide trials for at least 10 yr. The Clay County plots were in trap crop during 1987, were used for multiclass soil insecticide trials in 1981-1982 and 1985, and were insecticide free in 1983-1984 and 1986-1987. The soil at each site was a silty clay loam. The experimental design for each test was a randomized complete block with 4 replicates. Each replication consisted of single-row treatments that were 35 (Mead) or 40 ft (Clay) long and 30 inches apart. Equipment for Test 1 consisted of modified V-belt seeders mounted on a planter. Preweighed amounts of insecticide granules were placed on the V-belts and directed into the seed furrow or banded over the row in front of the press wheel. Noble granular insecticide metering units mounted on a hand-powered bicycle applicator were used to apply soil insecticides in Test 2. Granules were banded directly over the plant whorl and then immediately incorporated by the cultivator. The Mead and Clay trials were planted 6 May and 21 Apr, respectively. Test 1 treatments were applied 2 Jun (Mead) and 3 Jun (Clay). Soil moisture conditions were excellent when insecticides were applied except for Test 2 at Clay; insecticides were placed into a fairly dry seed bed. Initial egg hatch was detected 1 Jun at Mead. Stand counts were taken on 16 May (Clay) and 27 May (Mead). Feeding damage was evaluated 7-11 Jul at Mead and 13 Jul at Clay by digging 5 roots from each treatment row and rating the damage according to the Iowa 1-6 scale (1, no feeding; 6, 3 or more nodes of roots completely destroyed). Data were subjected to ANOVA.
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D Incao, Marianna P., Neiva Knaak, and Lidia M. Fiuza. "PHYTOCHEMICALS TAKEN FROM PLANTS WITH POTENTIAL IN MANAGEMENT OF SPODOPTERA FRUGIPERDA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)." Journal of Biopesticides 06, no. 02 (December 1, 2013): 182–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.6.2.182-192.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT In agriculture, there is a constant search for natural products with biological activities that minimize the environmental impact of various pesticides used such as insecticides. The chemical constituents present in plants have these activities and show promise in fighting pests in agriculture. An approach to the selection of new insecticides that fulfill the requirements of safety, efficacy and selectivity, can be through the study of defense mechanisms of plants. Recent studies have shown the potential insecticide substances and extracts isolated from plants against various insect pests that cause serious damage to crops or stored grain. These active ingredients are distributed by different plant organs and involved in secondary metabolism, are divided into three major groups: terpenes, phenols and nitrogenous compounds. Thus, this review aims to give an overview of the active ingredients obtained from plant extracts with potential insecticidal to Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).
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Mahoney, D. J., D. L. Jordan, R. L. Brandenburg, B. R. Royals, M. D. Inman, A. T. Hare, and B. B. Shew. "Influence of Planting Date and Insecticide on Injury Caused by Tobacco Thrips and Peanut Yield in North Carolina." Peanut Science 45, no. 2 (July 1, 2018): 70–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3146/0095-3679-45.2.70.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Planting date can affect pest incidence and severity in peanut. Research was conducted from 2013 to 2016 in North Carolina to determine tobacco thrips [Frankliniella fusca (Hinds)] injury and pod yield when peanut was planted in early, mid-, and late-May when phorate was applied in the seed furrow at planting, acephate was applied to emerged peanut 3 wk after planting, or when both insecticides were applied. Differences in visible injury to peanut caused by tobacco thrips feeding were observed across yr, planting dates, and insecticide treatments. Applying either phorate or acephate was often as effective as the combination of both insecticides in preventing injury caused by tobacco thrips although in some instances applying both insecticides was more effective than a single insecticide. Visible injury caused by tobacco thrips was often greater when peanut was planted in early May compared with later plantings. Peanut yield was protected equally from tobacco thrips injury by phorate, acephate, and the combination of both insecticides. Planting date and insecticides affected peanut yield independently suggesting that strategies for managing tobacco thrips will not differ across planting dates in North Carolina. Peanut yield was greater in 2 of 4 yr when planted in mid-May compared with planting in early or late-May.
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Oloumi-Sadeghi, H., K. L. Steffey, and M. E. Gray. "Application Timing and Corn Rootworm Control, 1990." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 16, no. 1 (January 1, 1991): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/16.1.165a.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The test plot was planted 9 May in a trap crop field. Selected soil insecticides were applied at planting and first cultivation at Urbana, 111. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Each treatment consisted of a single 100-ft row; rows were 30 inches apart. Granular insecticides applied at planting were metered through Noble units mounted on each of the planter units (John Deere, 7000 series, 4-row max-emergence planter). Planting-time granules were applied in a 7-inch band ahead of the firming wheels on the planter and were incorporated into the soil. Granules applied at cultivation (25 Jun) were delivered with Noble metering units mounted in brackets on the cultivator. These treatments were side-dressed with drop tubes on either side of the row at the base of the plants and were then covered with soil by cultivator shovels. Liquid Furadan 4 F was applied at cultivation time with equipment calibrated to deliver 52 gal/acre at 30 psi and a speed of 4 mph. Spray was applied through 2 flat fan nozzles (Teejet 8004E) mounted on either side of the row to be treated. The insecticide was then incorporated into the soil with the cultivator shovels.
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Pataky, J. K., P. M. Michener, N. D. Freeman, R. A. Weinzierl, and R. H. Teyker. "Control of Stewart's Wilt in Sweet Corn with Seed Treatment Insecticides." Plant Disease 84, no. 10 (October 2000): 1104–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2000.84.10.1104.
Full textAbstract:
Corn flea beetles, Chaetocnema pulicaria, vector Erwinia stewartii (synamorph Pantoea stewartii), which causes Stewart's bacterial wilt of corn (Zea mays). A seed treatment insecticide, imidacloprid, killed flea beetles and reduced the number of feeding wounds and Stewart's wilt symptoms per leaf in greenhouse studies. The objective of our research was to evaluate the ability of imidacloprid and thiamethoxam seed treatments to control Stewart's wilt on sweet corn hybrids under field conditions with naturally occurring populations of the corn flea beetle. Six field trials were planted at four locations in 1998. Eleven field trials were planted at nine locations in 1999. The treatment design was a factorial of sweet corn hybrids and seed treatments. Stewart's wilt incidence ranged from 0 to 54% in the 1998 trials. Incidence of Stewart's wilt in nontreated plots of the susceptible hybrid Jubilee ranged from 2% at the 8-leaf stage to 77% 1 week after mid-silk in the 1999 trials. Seed treatment insecticides reduced the incidence of Stewart's wilt by ≈50 to 85% relative to nontreated controls. The level of control was ≈75 to 85% in seven trials planted before 1 June 1999, when incidence of Stewart's wilt on nontreated Jubilee ranged from 4 to 71%. The level of control was ≈50 to 70% in the three trials planted after 1 July 1999, when incidence of Stewart's wilt on nontreated Jubilee ranged from 44 to 73%. Although comparisons varied, the level of control gained from seed treatment insecticides was similar to the next higher level of host resistance. Seed treatment insecticides appear to control Stewart's wilt during very early growth of corn plants, when foliar applications of insecticides are ineffective and the effectiveness of host resistance varies depending on the proximity of flea beetle feeding sites to the plant's growing point.
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Hower, Authur A., Sandy Alexander, and Paul Rebarchak. "Field Corn, Corn Rootworm Larval Contorl, 1985." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 12, no. 1 (January 1, 1987): 199–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/12.1.199a.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Three insecticide evaluation studies were conducted for control of mixed populations of northern and western corn rootworm. Experiment I was conducted at the Pennsylvania Agricultural Experiment Station farm at Rock Springs, Centre County, PA. Corn was planted on 15 May using a 6-row John Deere Max-Emerge planter with 30-in row spacing. Insecticides were applied to 15 by 90-ft plots in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications per treatment. Rows 1 and 6 were nontreated guard rows. The plots were thinned to 115 plants per 90 ft of row. On 31 Jul 5 plants from each replication were evaluated for root damage ratings based on the Iowa 1 to 6 system with 6 being the most severe damage. Yield was determined by mechanically harvesting 3 middle rows from each plot for shelled corn. Experiment II was conducted on the Drew Smith farm near Pleasant Gap, Centre County PA. Corn was planted 21 May using a 2-row John Deere Max-Emerge no-till planter with 30-inch row spacing. Insecticides were applied to 5 × 50 ft plots in a randomized complete block design. The Dyfonate encapsulated was applied 22 May with flat fan drop nozzles over the row from a small plot sprayer. Root damage ratings were evaluated over the period of 7 through 9 Aug, taking 5 plants per plot and using the Iowa 1-6 system. On 25 Oct 17.5 ft of row was hand harvested per plot and yield was determined. Experiment III was conducted on the Dan Stoltzfus farm near Mill Hall, Clinton County, PA. Corn was planted on 21 May using the same planter and field design described in experiment II. Root damage was determined on 6 Aug and yield as determined on 23 Oct.
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Lagnaoui, Abdelaziz, and Edward B. Radcliffe. "Wireworm Control on Potato, 1987." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 13, no. 1 (January 1, 1988): 152–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/13.1.152.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Certified B-size potatoes were planted 19 May at the University of Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station, Rosemount. The field, a Waukegan silt loam, had been in alfalfa the previous 3 yr. Treatments were 2 rows, 110 ft long with 40-inch row spacing. Treatments were randomized in complete blocks with 6 replications. Granular insecticides were applied in furrow with a planter-mounted granular applicator. An untreated check was planted between every 2 insecticidal treatments. The plots were sprayed once, on 26 Aug, with Pydrin 2.4EC + Butacide 8E at 0.1 + 0.25 lb (AI)/acre to control Colorado potato beetle and potato leafhopper. On 28 Sept, potatoes were harvested, counted, and scored for wireworm injury. Control for each treatment was calculated as percent reduction in wireworm damage relative to the adjacent untreated control.
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Meinke, L. J., M. R. Barnhart, J. F. Brown, T. J. Weissling, K. L. Golden, and L. L. Peters. "Corn Rootworm Control, 1989." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 15, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/15.1.203.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Planting-time (Test 1) and first-cultivation (Test 2) soil insecticide trials were conducted at Mead and in Clay County, NE. Plots at both sites were in trap crop (no insecticide) during 1988 and had been used periodically for multiclass soil insecticide trials during the last 10 yr. The soil type at each site was a silty clay loam. The experimental design for each test was a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Each replication consisted of single-row treatments that were 35 ft (Mead) or 40 ft (Clay) long and 30 inches apart. Equipment for Test 1 consisted of modified V-belt seeders mounted on a planter. Preweighed amounts of insecticide granules were placed on the V-belts and directed into the seed furrow or banded over the row in front of the press wheel. Noble granular insecticide metering units mounted on a hand-powered bicycle applicator were used to apply soil insecticides in Test 2. Granules were banded directly over the plant whorl and then immediately incorporated by the cultivator. The Mead and Clay County trials were planted 2 May and 26 Apr, respectively. Test 2 treatments were applied 5 June (Mead) and 6 June (Clay). Soil was relatively dry when insecticides were applied in Test 1. Soil moisture conditions were excellent for insecticide incorporation during Test 2. Initial corn rootworm egg hatch was detected 5 Jun at Mead. Stand counts were taken during late May. Feeding damage was evaluated 12-13 Jul at Mead and 20 Jul at Clay County by digging 5 roots from each treatment row and rating the damage utilizing the Iowa 1-6 scale. Data were subjected to ANOVA.
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Calvin, D. D., and J. E. Losey. "Evaluation of Black Cutworm Insecticide Efficacy, 1989." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 16, no. 1 (January 1, 1991): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/16.1.147.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Eight black cutworm soil insecticide treatments were evaluated on a Dufiield silt loam soil in Lancaster County, Pa., during 1989. Six commercially available soil insecticides were used in the test. A randomized complete block design with 4 replications of 9 treatments was used. Granular treatments were applied at planting as a T-band application in 17.8 cm bands over the row using a John Deere Planter. Liquid formulations were applied using a backpack spray system. All treatments were applied on 1 Jun. The corn was planted on 1 Jun in 76.2 cm wide rows at 60,000 plants/ha. Stand counts and number of plants cut were evaluated on 7 and 23 Jun.
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Meinke, L. J., M. R. Barnhart, and J. F. Brown. "Field Corn, Larval Corn Rootworm Control, 1987." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 13, no. 1 (January 1, 1988): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/13.1.222.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Planting-time and first-cultivation soil insecticide trials were conducted at Mead, Neb. The planting-time test plot was in trap crop during 1986 and had been insecticide-free from at least 1983 to 1986. The cultivation test plot was in trap crop during 1985 (no insecticide) and had been used periodically for multiclass soil insecticide trials for at least 10 yr. The soil type was a silty clay loam. The experimental design for each test was a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Each replication consisted of single-row treatments that were 35 ft long and 30 inches apart. Planting-time application equipment consisted of modified V-belt seeders mounted on a model 80 John Deere— flex planter. Preweighed amounts of insecticide granules were placed on the V-belts and directed into the seed furrow or banded over the row in front of the press wheel. Noble— granular insecticide metering units mounted on a hand-powered bicycle applicator were used to apply soil insecticides at first cultivation. Granules were banded directly over the plant whorl and then immediately incorporated by the cultivator. The planting-time test was planted 29 Apr, and the cultivation test was planted 8 May. First-cultivation treatments were applied 4 Jun. Soil moisture conditions were excellent when insecticides were applied. Initial corn rootworm egg hatch was detected 22 May. Stand counts were taken on 21 May and 15 Oct in the planting-time test. Plant evaluations were made on 21 May in the planting-time test to determine whether any insecticide treatments adversely affected corn development. Plants were considered abnormal if they were stunted or exhibited deformed growth patterns (i.e., buggy whipping). Corn rootworm feeding damage was evaluated (29 Jun, planting-time test; 9 Jul, cultivation test) by digging 5 roots from each treatment row and rating the damage by means of the Iowa 1—6 scale (1, no feeding, to 6, 3 or more nodes of roots completely destroyed). Lodging counts were taken on 15 Oct in the plan ting-time test. A plant was recorded as lodged if the angle between the soil
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Cheshire, J. M., and W. R. Slaughter. "Lesser Cornstalk Borer Control in Sweet Corn, 1985." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 11, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 126–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/11.1.126.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Insecticide-treated and untreated corn seed were planted in Spaldinf Co., GA (‘Silver queen’) on 22 May (Test 1) and in Pike Co., GA (‘Truckers favorite’) on 3 Jun. Soil types were Cecil loamy clay in Test 1 ant! Appling sandy loam in Test 2. The tests were each arranged as a randomized complete block experimental design with 4 replicates. All plots were planted with a 2-row cone-type small plot planter (double-disk opener, press wheel, 32-inch row spacing). The planter was equipped with pressurized canisters for delivery of liquid insecticides (30 gal/acre at 20psi) and an electric metering unit for delivery of granular insecticides. Liquid anti granular formulations were applied at planting in a 7-inch band in front of each press wheel. Data were collected from 2-row × 30 ft plots in Tes; 1 and 2 row × 27 ft plots in Test 2. Each plot was bordered on each side by a row which received the same treatment. The numbers of healthy and LCB-damaged plants were counted in each plot 16 and 40 days after planting in Test 1, and 14 and 28 days after planting in Test 2. Each plan with LCB damage was identified by characteristic damage symptoms (dead or dying central whorl, or complete wilting) and also by the presence of LCB larvae or their silken feeding tubes which extend laterally in the soil from plant bases.
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Hower, Arthur A., and Sandy Alexander. "Corn Rootworm Larval Control, 1989." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 15, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): 194–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/15.1.194a.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Two insecticide evaluation studies were conducted for control of mixed populations of northern and western corn rootworm. At least 50% of the population was western corn rootworm. Experiment A was conducted at the Pennsylvania Agricultural Experiment Station farm at Rock Springs, Centre County, PA. Corn (Doeblers 65X) was planted no-till on 19 May using a 2-row John Deere Max Emerge planter with 30-inch row spacing. Insecticides were applied to 5 × 40 ft plots in a randomized complete block design with 5 replications/treatment. On 23 Jun plants were counted. Root damage ratings were evaluated 19-21 Jul, taking 5 plants per plot and using the Iowa 1 to 6 system. Yield was determined by mechanically harvesting each plot for shelled corn. Experiment B was conducted on the Reese farm, Centre County, PA. Corn (Jacques 5700) was planted 1 Jun using the same 2-row planter in a chisel-plowed field. Insecticides were applied to 5 × 40 ft plots in a randomized complete block design with 5 replications per treatment. Slug bait was applied 23 Jun on all blocks except replication number one and plants were counted 7 Jul. Root damage ratings were evaluated 26 Jul, taking 5 plants/plot and using the Iowa 1 to 6 system. Plots were not harvested because of highly variable plant mortality due to slug damage. Excessive rain was recorded through Jul at these test sites.
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Hower, Authur A., and Sandy Alexander. "Field Corn, Corn Rootworm Larval Control, 1986." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 12, no. 1 (January 1, 1987): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/12.1.199.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Two insecticide evaluation studies were conducted for control of mixed populations of northern and western corn rootworm. Experiment I was conducted at the Pennsylvania Agricultural Experiment Station farm at Rock Springs, Centre County, PA. Corn (Doeblers 48X) was planted no-till on 14 May using a 6-row John Deere Max-Emerge planter with 30-inch row spacing. Insecticides were applied to 15 by 90 ft plots in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications per treatment. Rows 1 and 6 were nontreated guard rows. The plots averaged 94 plants per 80 ft of row. On 7 Aug five plants from each replication were evaluated for root damage ratings based on the Iowa 1 to 6 system with 6 being the most severe damage. Yield was determined by mechanically harvesting 3 middle rows from each plot for shelled corn. Experiment II was conducted on the Gadsby farm near Kilgore, Mercer County, PA. Corn (Dekalb 484) was planted in conventionally tilled soil on 13 May using a 2-row John Deere Max-Emerge planter with 30-inch row spacing. Insecticides were applied to 5 × 20 ft plots in a randomized complete block design. Root damage ratings were evaluated over the period of 7 Aug throgh 9 Aug taking five plants per plot and using the Iowa 1-6 system. On 29 Oct 17.5 ft of row was hand harvested per plot and yield was determined based on ear weight.
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Fuller, B. W., M. A. Boetel, M. A. Catangui, J. M. Jenson, D. J. Thompson, M. A. Brinkman, M. P. Smith, and T. S. Voss. "Evaluation of Planting-Time Soil Insecticide Applications for Controlling Corn Rootworm Larvae in South Dakota, 1994." Arthropod Management Tests 20, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/20.1.167.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Efficacy trials were conducted at 5 locations (Aurora, Bruce, Cavour, Delmont, and Garretson) in SD. Individual treatment plots consisted of single rows, 12.2 m to 15.2 m in length, and spaced 96.5 cm apart. Experimental design for all studies was a RCB with 4 replications. Granular insecticide formulations were applied with modified Noble metering units mounted on a specially-adapted Kinze 4-row corn planter. Metering units were ground-driven, and all units were calibrated on the planter. Liquid insecticides were applied using CO2-powered delivery systems individually mounted on each row of the planter. Each system was calibrated to deliver 20 gpa. Banded insecticide treatments (granular or liquid) were applied in an 18-cm swath over the open seed furrow (T-band) in front of the furrow-closing wheels, and were incorporated by the wheels and drag chains. Infurrow treatments were placed directly between double-disk furrow openers and into the open seed furrow. Pioneer IR-3751 (100-day) corn seed was planted at a rate of 23,000 kernels per acre at all study locations. Five roots per replication were dug, washed, and rated using the Iowa 1 to 6 scale to measure rootworm larval damage. Root injury ratings were recorded and analyzed using SAS’s General Linear Models procedure, and DMRT was used to compare treatment means.
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Micinski, S., M. L. Kirby, and J. B. Graves. "Late-Season Control of the Bollworm-Tobacco Budworm Complex, 1990." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 16, no. 1 (January 1, 1991): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/16.1.196.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Five insecticides and 6 insecticide combinations were evaluated late season at the Red River Research Station, Bossier City, La., to determine the efficacy of the selected treatments in controlling the bollworm-tobacco budworm complex on cotton. Cotton was planted 8 Jun on 1.02-m centers. Plots were 4 rows × 30.5 m and were arranged in a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Insecticides were applied with a high-clearance sprayer equipped with a CO2 system for spraying small plots. Insecticides were applied in 11.4 liters of finished spray solution/acre at 60 psi with TX-3 hollow-cone nozzles spaced 50.8 cm apart. Treatments were applied on 24 and 30 Aug, and 6 Sep. A standard cotton insecticide program was followed on the entire test area until 9 Aug, when all insecticide sprays were terminated. Insect levels and plant damage were monitored 3—5 DAT by examining 25 squares/plot.
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Peters, Leroy L. "Chinch Bug Control, 1980." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 11, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/11.1.327.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This experiment was conducted in Thayer County, NE. The plot area was bordered on 1 side by winter wheat. Sorghum was planted perpendicular to the wheat. Plots were 4 rows (spaced 0.9 m), 30.5 m long arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The 2 center rows were used for insect and plant stand counts. In-furrow planting-time application of granules was made by directing the insecticide delivery tube from Noble metering devices into the planter shoe just behind the seed delivery tube. Banded planting-time application of granules was made by directing the granule delivery tube from Noble metering devices to in front of the planter press wheel through a 18-cm bander. Seed treatment was made by thoroughly mixing the insecticide with seed in a paper sack just before planting. Postemergence application of granules were applied over the plants with a Noble metering device mounted on a 2-wheeled carriage, manually operated. Postemergence application of liquid insecticides was made on 24 Jun with a compressed air plot sprayer mounted on a high-clearance ground sprayer. Plants were 7.6-10 cm tall. Drop nozzles were used so that plants and surrounding soil were thoroughly covered. Spraying systems TX-12 nozzle tips were used.
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Treacy, Mike. "Impact of Cropping History and Insecticides on Cutworm and Chinch Bug Infestations in Corn, 1989." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 15, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/15.1.219a.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Two small-plot field trials were conducted on a commercial corn field located near Wharton, TX. Trial 1 was conducted on a portion of the field which was planted to corn in 1988, whereas Trial 2 was conducted on a portion of the field which was left fallow and weed-infested in 1988; the 2 trials were separated by only 40 rows of corn. Methods and materials were identical for both studies, except for the addition of Force as a treatment in Trial 1. Insecticides and an untreated check were compared in 2-row by 500-ft plots of corn planted 13 Mar on 38-in rows. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. At planting time, each insecticide (except Force) was applied into the open seed furrow. Force was applied in a 6-in band over a partially open seed furrow (i.e., each row-bander was located between the seed-drop and press wheel). Insecticides were applied with a John Deere Max-Emerge planter equipped with Kinze applicator boxes. Texture of soil at the test location was medium, and soil moisture at planting time was excellent. One inch of rain fell at the test location during the first 3 wk after planting time. Insecticide efficacy was evaluated by (1) inspecting 20 randomly chosen plants in each plot for damage caused by cutworms and (2) inspecting 20 randomly chosen plants in each plot for numbers of adult chinch bugs. Plant-stand was estimated for each treatment by counting numbers of plants (cutworm-damaged plus non-damaged plants) per 13.75 row-ft at 2 sites in each plot.
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Calvin, Dennis, John Losey, Lynn Hoffman, and Joseph McGahen. "Soil Insecticide Tests, 1988." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 14, no. 1 (January 1, 1989): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/14.1.197.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Nineteen corn rootworm soil insecticide treatments were evaluated on a Hagerstown silt loam soil near Rocksprings, Pa. Three commercially available soil insecticides and 2 experimental soil insecticides were used in the test. A randomized complete block design with 6 replicates of 20 treatments was used. All insecticides and rates were applied in furrow and as a T-band applications, with the exception of Furadan 15 G, which was applied only in furrow. Plots were 20 ft long and 2 rows wide. The planting-time applications were applied using a Max Emerge John Deere 7000 corn planter on 23 May. T-Band applications were applied in 7-inch bands over the row, and in-furrow applications were directed into the row in front of the press wheel. The corn was planted 23 May in 30-inch rows, 27,000 plants/acre. In 1988, rainfall measured 5.03, 1.13, 6.18, and 6.14 inches for May, June, July, and August, respectively. Around 1 Aug, 5 corn plants were dug from each plot and the roots were rated for damage using the Iowa 6-category rating system (1, no damage; 6, 3 nodes cut). Corn was harvested on 14 Nov, and yield and number of plants measured from both rows of each plot.
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Meinke, L. J., M. R. Barnhart, J. F. Brown, and F. Basil. "Field Corn, Corn Rootworm Larval Control, 1985." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 13, no. 1 (January 1, 1988): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/13.1.221.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Soil insecticide trials at planting time and first cultivation were conducted at Mead, Neb., for corn rootworm control. The test plots were in trap crop during 1984 (no insecticide) and had been used periodically for multiclass insecticide trials for at least 10 yr prior to 1983. The soil type was a silty clay loam. The experimental design for each test was a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Each replication consisted of single-row treatments that were 35 ft long and 30 inches apart. Planting-time application equipment consisted of modified V-belt seeders mounted on a model 80 John Deere—flex planter. Preweighed amounts of insecticide granules were placed on the V-belts and directed into seed furrow or banded over the row in front of the press wheel. Noble—granular insecticide metering units mounted on a hand-powered bicycle ipplicator were used to apply soil insecticides at first cultivation. Granules were banded directly over the plant whorl and then immediately incorporated by ihe cultivator. Corn was planted 6 May, and first-cultivation treatments were applied 6 Jun. Soil moisture conditions were excellent when insecticides were lpplied. Initial corn rootworm egg hatch was detected 24 May. Stand counts were taken on 30 May and 15 Oct in all plots. Plant evaluations were made on SO May in planting-time tests to determine whether any insecticide treatments adversely affected corn development. Plants were considered abnormal if :hey were stunted or exhibited deformed growth patterns (i.e., buggy whipping). Feeding damage was evaluated (8 to 11 Jul) by digging 5 roots from each ireatment row and rating the damage by means of the Iowa 1-6 scale (1, no feeding, to 6, 3 or more nodes of roots completely destroyed). Lodging counts vere taken in October. A plant was recorded as lodged if the angle between the soil surface and the plant stem was ≤67.5 degrees. Data were subjected to in analysis of variance, and an LSD test was used for mean separation where statistical differences occurred
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Sewell, Gary H., and Richard H. Storch. "Irish Potato, Control of Potato Infesting Aphids, 1987." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 13, no. 1 (January 1, 1988): 162–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/13.1.162.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The experiments with fohar and systemic insecticides were randomized complete block designs with 6 replicates each and were conducted at Presque Isle, Maine, on land that was in clover in 1986. The potato planting dates were 20 May for the systemic insecticide experiment and 18 May for the foliar insecticide experiment. In each experiment the 3.0-m space between blocks and the 1.4-m space between columns and at the sides and ends of the experiments was sown to oats after planting. Each plot consisted of 4 rows of potatoes, each row 0.9 m apart and 15.0 m long. The healthy Katahdin seed pieces (75 g each) were planted with a tractor-pulled, assisted-feed planter. Fertilizer and hilling practices were normal for the area. Late blight was controlled by 7 foliar applications of Dithane F-45 (2338 ml/ha the weeks of 6 and 13 Jul; 2806 ml/ha the weeks of 20 and 27 Jul and 3, 10, and 17 Aug). Side-dress applications of insecticides were made by hand with a plastic tube applying previously weighed amounts of insecticide. Measured amounts of insecticide were applied on each seedpiece for the seedpiece treatments. Foliar insecticide applications were made with a Century boom sprayer, 3 nozzles/row at 7.0 kg/cm2 pressure and 0.95 kl/ha. Numbers of aphids (by species) were counted on top, middle, and bottom leaves of 25 plants in the middle rows of each plot. When dates of count and application were the same, aphid counts were made prior to applications of the insecticide. Analyses of variance were calculated following transformation of the data using logI0(i + 1). Means of the total number of wingless aphids were compared using DMRT and then reconverted. The soil was classified as Caribou loam, pH 5.2. Total monthly rainfall for June, July, and August was 8.8, 7.6, and 4.4 cm, respectively. The average temperature for each of the same 3 months was 16.5, 19.0 and 19.1°C.
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Happy Nur’afni, R., and Apit Saepuloh. "Efficacy of Chromafenozide Insecticide to Control Tirathaba rufivena and Its Impacts on Oil Palm Pollinator E. kamerunicus." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1308, no. 1 (February 1, 2024): 012044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1308/1/012044.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Newly marketed insecticide known with active ingredient Chromafenozide claimed to be potent against various lepidopterous insects, but at the same time almost non-toxic to non-lepidopterous species, including pollinators, predators and parasitoids. This trial aim to evaluate the effectiveness of Chromafenozide insecticides to control population of Tirathaba rufivena in oil palm planted on peat soil and its impact on pollinator weevil, Elaedobius kamerunicus. The trial was divided into two parts which are field assessment of insecticides efficacy and laboratory assay to know the direct effect of insecticide application on E. kamerunicus. Besides Chromafenozide, insecticides used in this trial Cypermethrin and Bacillus thuringiensis var kurstaky as comparison. The results of efficacy test showed that Tirathaba infestation decreased significantly in the Cypermethrin, B. thuringiensis, and Chromafenozide treatments compared to control. However, among these treatments did not show a significant difference. Nevertheless, each of the tested insecticide caused significantly mortality to E. kamerunicus. E. kamerunicus mortality rate of each insecticide treatment showed that Chromafenozide was less detrimental as compared Cypermethrin, but significantly detrimental to B. thuringiensis. B. thuringiensis was not significantly different compared to control.
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Hein, Gary L. "Corn Root Protection Against Corn Rootworm Larvae, 1988." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 15, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/15.1.193.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Planting-time soil insecticides were applied at 2 locations in the Nebraska Panhandle. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Plot areas were planted on 6 May (Mitchell) and 9 May (Scottsbluff) by the cooperating growers and maintained with standard cropping practices. Care was taken to ensure that no insecticides were applied when the corn was planted. Immediately after planting, single-row test plots were established by applying different insecticide treatments in 7-inch band over the seed row with a bicycle-type push applicator. Insecticides were metered by using calibrated Noble metering units. A dragchain was used to provide incorporation for the granules. Cultivation applications were applied by directing the insecticide at the base of the plants and covering with soil. Evaluations were made by digging 5 roots/rep for each treatment on 20 Jul. Roots were washed and rated for corn rootworm feeding damage by using the Iowa 1-6 damage rating scale. Corn in these tests was grown under furrow irrigation. Irrigation began about Jun 20-25. The soil in this area is a sandy loam with low organic matter content (0.5-1.5%) and high pH (7.1-7.7).
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Noetzel, David, and Mel Wiens. "Soil Insect Control in Lupine, 1987." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 13, no. 1 (January 1, 1988): 266. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/13.1.266.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The trial was located on an irrigated sandy loam soil in the Irrigation Station, Staples, Minn. Plots were 2 rows × 25 ft, and treatments were replicated 4 times and arranged by pairs in a randomized complete block design. Clean, untreated seed was moistened with water and bacterial innoculant plus the appropriate insecticide applied 1 h prior to planting. The treated seed was then allowed to dry. Seed was planted with a John Deere Maximerge 4-row planter. Granular insecticides were applied by hand following planting and lightly covered. The field was then irrigated to provide uniform germination. Stand, insect, and disease damage were recorded for 20 ft of row. Damage was converted to a percentage, transformed using ARCSINE transformation, and means were compared. Yields were taken from 20 ft of row and adjusted to a standard moisture.
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Hower, Arthur A., and Sand Alexander. "Field Corn, Corn Rootworm Larval Control, 1990." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 16, no. 1 (January 1, 1991): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/16.1.154.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Two insecticide evaluation studies were conducted for control of mixed populations of northern and western corn rootworm. At least 50% of the populations were western corn rootworm. Both experiments were conducted on separate fields approximately 1 mile apart at the Pennsylvania Agricultural Experiment Station farm at Rock Springs, Centre County, Pa. Corn (Pioneer 3527) was planted no-till on 15 May using a 2-row John Deere Max Emerge planter with 30-inch row spacing. Insecticides were applied to 5 × 40 ft plots in a randomized complete block design with 5 replications/treatment. On 25 Jun plants were counted at both locations. Root damage ratings were evaluated 23 Jul (Experiment A) and 24, 25 Jul (Experiment B), taking 5 plants/plot and using the Iowa 1-6 system. Yield was determined by mechanically harvesting each plot for shelled corn on 9 Nov.
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McPherson, Robert M., and Mary M. Beahm. "Cereal Leaf Beetle Control in Late Planted Winter Wheat, 1986." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 12, no. 1 (January 1, 1987): 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/12.1.312a.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Four insecticidal treatments were evaluated to determine their efficacy in controlling cereal leaf beetle (CLB) larval populations in soft red winter wheat. Foliar insecticides were applied on 7 May ‘86 on ‘Saluda wheat planted on 14 Nov, ‘85 on the Vernon Delano Farm in Richmond County, Virginia. Plots were 6 ft by 25 ft with 5-ft alleys between treatments, and were arranged in a randomized block design with 3 replications. Spray concentrates were applied with a CO2-powered compressed air sprayer at 32.8 ps; that delivered 32.6 gal of finished formulation per acre. Flat Fan, Tee Jet AL8002, nozzles were utilized. The efficacy of individual insecticide treatments was determined 1-, 5-, 7-, 12-, and 16-days after application by inspecting whole plants for the presence of live larvae per 10 culms. Yield estimates wen obtained from 20 ft of row collected from the 2 center rows of each plot. Yields were adjusted to 14% moisture.
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Mansfield, Sarah, Richard J. Chynoweth, Mark R. H. Hurst, Alasdair Noble, Sue M. Zydenbos, and Maureen O'Callaghan. "Novel bacterial seed treatment protects wheat seedlings from insect damage." Crop and Pasture Science 68, no. 6 (2017): 527. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp17176.
Full textAbstract:
Insecticidal seed treatments are used commonly worldwide to protect seedlings against root feeding insects. Organophosphate insecticides that have been used for seed treatments are being phased out and replaced with neonicotinoid insecticides. Concerns about the environmental impact of neonicotinoids have prompted a search for alternatives. Microbial insecticides are a biological alternative for seed treatments to target root feeding insects. Six field trials with organophosphate granules (diazinon, chlorpyrifos), neonicotinoid seed treatment (clothianidin) and microbial (Serratia entomophila) seed treatment targeting grass grub, a New Zealand scarab pest, were conducted in wheat crops at several sites over 4 years (2012–2015). Sites were selected each year that had potentially damaging populations of grass grub present during the trials. Untreated seeds led to significant losses of plants and wheat yield due to lower seedling establishment and ongoing plant losses from grass grub damage. Insecticide and microbial treatments increased plant survival in all trials compared with untreated seeds. Better plant survival was associated with higher yields from the insecticide treatments in four out of six trials. Neonicotinoid seed treatment alone gave similar yield increases to combined neonicotinoid seed treatment and organophosphate granules. Microbial seed treatment with S. entomophila gave similar yield increases to insecticide treatments in two out of six trials. Seed treatment with S. entomophila is an alternative for grass grub control; however, development of a commercial product requires effective scale-up of production, further research to improve efficacy, and viability of the live bacteria needs to be maintained on coated seed.
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Gray, M. E., G. L. Hein, M. A. Boetel, and D. D. Walgenbach. "First-Generation European Corn Borer Control with Ground, Aerial, and Center Pivot Applications, 1987." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 13, no. 1 (January 1, 1988): 206–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/13.1.206.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Insecticide trials were established at 3 locations in South Dakota. The experimental design for 2 ground trials was a randomized complete block with 4 replications at Redfield and 3 replications at Beresford. Individual plots were single-row treatments 30 m long for the ground trials. A center pivot trial was conducted at Redfield and an aerial study was established at Armour. Ten plants with shot-hole injury midrib feeding, or both, were evaluated per replicate from each treatment for the ground trial locations. Damage was measured on the basis of one cavity equaling 2.5 cm of tunneling. Four sites were chosen randomly from within the aerial and center pivot treatments, and 10 plants/site were evaluated for damage. Experimental and registered products were tested at Redfield and Beresford. Pioneer 3475 was planted at a seeding rate of 60,540 seeds/ha on 22 Apr at Beresford. Granular materials were applied with a pneumatic applicator powered by a 3.5-horsepower engine mounted on a high-clearance ground applicator. Insecticide was metered by Noble metering units that were chain driven by a 12 V DC motor. Insecticide was banded (20 cm) over the whorl. Liquid insecticides were applied with a backpack sprayer. One 1.5 LE Even Flat Nozzle/row, pressurized at 15 psi was used to apply 19.5 gal/acre at 3.5 mph. All insecticides were applied at Beresford on 26 Jun. Stalks were split on 3 Aug and damage measured. Pioneer 3737 was planted at a seeding rate of 63,500/ha on 1 May at Redfield. Insecticides were applied on 29 Jun at Redfield. Plants were evaluated for injury on 4 Aug. Pioneer 3901 was planted at a seeding rate of 73,388/ha on 1 May at the center pivot trial in Redfield. Insecticides were injected with a Northern chemigation unit into a Valley electric drive center pivot irrigation system from 26 to 27 Jun. Plants were evaluated for damage on 4 Aug. Two irrigation rates of 0.53 and 2.5 cm water/day were used. The aerial trial was conducted at Armour. Dekalb 1100 was planted on 28 Apr at a rate of 63,010 seeds/ha. Insecticides were applied on 26 Jun with a fixed-wing aircraft in single swath treatments 13.7 × 402 m long. Stalks were split on 3 Aug and damage assessed.