Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Plantes médicinales – Régions tropicales'
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Consult the top 19 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Plantes médicinales – Régions tropicales.'
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Rival, Alain. "Cinétique de la nutrition minérale et métabolisme du carbone et de l'azote dans des suspensions cellulaires hétérotrophes et photomixotrophes : aspects physiologiques et biochimiques chez Abrus precatorius L. (Leguminosae)." Montpellier 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON20079.
Full textDiafouka, Alain J. P. "Analyse des usages des plantes médicinales dans quatre régions du Congo-Brazzaville." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212150.
Full textAlvarez, Nadir. "Plantes-hôtes et organisation de la diversité des insectes phytophages, des radiations évolutives aux processus populationnels : Le cas des bruches du genre Acanthoscelides Schilsky (Coleoptera : Bruchidae)." Montpellier 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON20127.
Full textKeller, Roland. "Les familles des dicotylédones ligneuses tropicales et leur identification à l'aide d'une clef fondée sur les seuls caractères végétatifs." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20081.
Full textGounifio, Pierre. "Bio-morphologie de Commelina benghalensis L. Pour une meilleure approche d'une lutte raisonnée." Montpellier 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON20070.
Full textMohamad, Khalit. "Contribution à l'étude chimique et biologique de meliaceae tropicales." Paris 5, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA05P608.
Full textDahlan, Zulkifli. "Croissance et développement du système souterrain de quelques bambous tropicaux et tempérés : observations et expérimentation." Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20194.
Full textMorillo, Eduardo. "Origine de la diversité de plantes domestiquées par la reproduction végétative en Amérique du Sud : reproduction sexuée résiduelle et introgression d'espèces sauvages éloignées. Exemples de l'arracacha (Arracacia xanthorrhiza Banc., Apiaceae) et du manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz, Euphorbiaceae)." Montpellier, ENSA, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ENSA0022.
Full textLeclant, Sylvie. "Étude morphologique, biologique et éthologique d'Hyménoptères Eulophidae endoparasitoi͏̈des nymphaux : cas particulier de Tetrastichus ayyari Rohwer, 1921 et de Tetrastichus israeli (Mani et Kurian, 1953)." Montpellier 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON20135.
Full textAssoumaya, Caroline. "Etude des facteurs limitant l'ingestibilité chez des petits ruminants valorisant des fourrages tropicaux." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003787.
Full textSanon, Arsène Alain. "Le concept de niche écologique associé à la co-existence des espèces végétales : mise en évidence du rôle de la symbiose mycorhizienne et de sa microflore associée dans la structuration de la strate herbacée en milieu tropical." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NAN10004/document.
Full textSahelian ecosystems have been studied to define the role of mycorrhizal symbiosis and mycorrhizospheric flora in plant communities’ structuration. The study concerns three main levels of soil – microorganisms – plant systems evolution: (i) the implication of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) like Agent-mediated coexistence processes in an herbaceous weakly disturbed ecosystem; (ii) the study of the impact of AMF like Agent-mediated allelopathic effect of exotic fast growing trees [Gmelina arborea Roxb, Eucalyptus camaldulensis] on endogenous organisms (herbaceous and soil microbial communities) and lastly, (iii) the study of soil invasion by an exotic herbaceous plant [Amaranthus viridis] on soil microbial community (AMF, total bacteria, rhizobia) structure and function, on C, N, P availability in soil and, on the regeneration of five sahelian Acacia species. The results indicate that (i) the presence and abundance of AMF in soils, associated with P availability, could strongly mediate plant species coexistence processes and thus, determine plant species partitioning in terrestrial ecosystems; (ii) AMF’s are biological agents which optimize plant growth, restore degraded lands and promote plant biodiversity and finally, (iii) Amaranthus viridis, a very weakly mycotrophic plant species, alters soil chemistry and promotes a reduction in soil mycorrhizal and rhizobial communities after its invasion, thus compromising the survival of Acacia seedlings. Furthermore an increase in soil mycorrhizal propagules could make it possible to mitigate significantly the depressive effect of the invasive plant on the re-establishment of these Acacia species
Lamarre, Greg. "Rôle des insectes phytophages dans la diversité des arbres des forêts tropicales humides." Thesis, Antilles-Guyane, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AGUY0582/document.
Full textThe mechanisms underlying the maintenance of local diversity of trees in tropical rainforests remain under debate. This dissertation aims to study and understand some biotic and abiotic factors that may influence both tree and insect community assembly in lowland tropical forests of Amazonia. I used an empirical approach to study communities of trees and insects in tropical forests of French Guiana and Peru, to address the extent to which insect herbivores contribute to the turnover of tree species across strong environmental gradients. In Chapter 1, I studied how herbivorous insect communities can influence the composition of tree communities along an environmental gradient by reinforcing tradeoffs between defense and growth that promote habitat specialization (Chapter 1, Appendix 3). The complicated variation in the patterns of growth and defense from this study led me to pursue further observations of an alternative plant defense strategy of time-avoidance of herbivores, which I examined in detail in Chapter 2. I found evidence for coordinated leaf production in some tree species that was consistent with the satiation of herbivores, suggesting that multiple interactions between plants and their herbivores may be responsible for patterns of habitat specialization in trees. In the second part of the dissertation, I examined insect herbivore communities in detail to test for turnover in species composition across geographic and environmental gradients. In Chapter 3, I present evidence for substantial beta-diversity in arthropod communities throughout lowland Amazonian forests. In the discussion I propose research perspectives to complete this research, including the extension of observations to compare tropical and temperate regions and the integration of molecular phylogenetics information to study coevolution of plant lineages and their insect herbivores. I conclude with suggestions for the integration of the results of this thesis in local and regional strategies for the preservation and conservation of tropical forests in the Amazon basin
Carvalho, Vitor Celso de. "Structure et dynamique de la végétation en milieu tropical semi-aride : la Caatinga de Quixaba (Pernambouc, Brésil) du terrain à l'analyse des données MSS/LANDSAT." Toulouse 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOU20031.
Full textSatellite remote sensing is more used as a tool for monitoring the tropical semiarid ecosystems. In this work we propose to do an estimation of practicability and limits of mss landsat datas, from a test region of brazilian nordeste, north of Petrolina (pe) the first part deals with the finalization of a structural classification of the steppe (Caatinga) vegetation and its application to the test region. Then, a 1 100 000 scale structural mapping, drawn from the 1955,1965 and 1983 aerial photographs, allows to discuss the signification of aerial photographic structure perception, and to analyse the 1955-1983 caatinga evolution. At last, the results of four mss landsat scenes (1973,1974 and 1983) numerical processing, are estimated, by comparison to vegetation structure maps : while in these maps, 15 thematic classes are distinguished, only 7 are available on the classified picture. In practice, the whole analysis show that the main characteristics of 1955-1983 landcape evolution are : a clear expansion of agricultural area (mainly after 1974) and, in all probability, a notable stability of Caatinga
Duclos, Vanessa. "Facteurs responsables de l'arrêt de la régénération des espèces arborescentes suite à des perturbations anthropiques en forêt tropicale humide." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29138/29138.pdf.
Full textGonzalez, Herrera Mailyn Adriana. "Etude de la diversité spécifique et phylogénétique de communautés de plantes ligneuses en forêt tropicale : apport des séquences ADN dans l'identification des espèces et l'étude des communautés." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/682/.
Full textThis dissertation is anchored in the global need for understanding mechanisms underlying plant diversity, as well as the need to develop technical tools that allow one to study diversity. The studies included in this dissertation were conducted at the sites of Nouragues & Paracou in the rainforest in French Guiana. One of the goals was to test the reliability of DNA barcoding as a tool in tropical plant species identification. DNA barcoding performance was tested for seven plastid markers and one nuclear marker over more than 250 angiosperm species. DNA markers correctly delimit species in about 70% of cases. Despite this imperfect success, DNA barcoding was useful to identify juveniles stages, provided an aid to identification at the herbarium, and reveal potential cryptic species. One major goal of this dissertation was to examine ecological mechanisms that drive species assembly beyond the regeneration phase, integrating for this purpose molecular information. This was done by comparing phylogenetic and species diversity patterns of saplings and trees. I found no changes in species or phylogenetic richness across sapling and tree assemblages. However, rare species were favored across these size classes, increasing species evenness at the tree layer. These results, indicates that negative density-dependence is driving species sorting from sapling to tree assemblages. Elucidation of this mechanism highlights the importance of ecological processes beyond the regeneration phase in the maintenance of biodiversity in tropical tree communities
Reynaud, Bernard. "Transmission des virus de la striure, du stripe et de la mosai͏̈que du mai͏̈s par leurs vecteurs Cicadulina Mbila (Naude, 1924) et Peregrinus maidis (Ashmead, 1890) (Homoptera) : approches biologique, génétique et épidémiologique de la relation vecteur-virus-plante." Montpellier 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON20223.
Full textSalah, Nizar. "Alimentation de caprins, ovins et bovins viande dans les régions chaudes. "Evaluation des besoins énergétiques et protéiques des animaux et réponses animales à l’alimentation. Evaluation du système d’unité d’alimentation INRA à prédire la valeur des ressources fourragères"." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AGPT0011/document.
Full textThe overall aim of the thesis project was to generate knowledge to contribute to the development of good feeding practices for sheep goats and cattle in warm regions. The methodology used in this project crossed meta-analysis to an experimental approach. The maintenance energy requirements of goats, sheep and cattle in warm regions are higher than those of ruminants in temperate regions. These differences were partly attributed to the capacity of livestock genotypes of these regions to mobilize a fraction of the nutrients ingested for unproductive functions adaptation to stress and the energy cost of ingestion and digestion of more fibrous diets. The estimation for the energy requirements for production was the same order of magnitude as the genotypes of temperate regions. Our estimates of protein requirements for maintenance and production show that they are higher with tropical genotypes compared to temperate genotypes.The hierarchy of needs between species varies with their modes of expression (expression of metabolic weight).The energy and protein supply unit system of INRA, based on a mechanistic approach to the use of feed, potentially leads to a good assessment of food resources. However, some factors must be revised to reflect the specific composition of forage resources in warm regions
Tchichellé, Sogni Viviane. "Production de biomasse et quantification des flux d’azote dans une plantation mixte d’Eucalyptus urophylla x grandis et d’Acacia mangium au Congo." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0115/document.
Full textForest plantations represent 5% of the world forest area but provide more than one third of world wood supply. Sustainability of these systems is based on the long-term maintenance of their fertility without using fertilizers. The introduction of nitrogen (N) fixing species in forest plantations is one of the solutions to take-up this challenge. The aim of this work was to assess the effects of the introduction of Acacia mangium in pure stand of eucalypts on tree growth, biomass production and soil nitrogen dynamics. To achieve this goal, destructive inventories combined with quantification of N fluxes in litter fall and annual monitoring of N mineralization in soil, has been done. They were associated with study of the symbiotic fixation of N and N enrichment in particulate organic matter. The study highlighted a positive effect of acacia on the growth of eucalyptus through a modification of interspecific interactions. Facilitating relationship created by the symbiotic nitrogen fixation has been the source of an increase in the growth of eucalyptus and aboveground net primary production. This increased growth was related to improvement of the nitrogen content of the soil, especially in the coarse fraction of the particulate organic matter. An increase in nitrogen mineralization indicated a much faster soil nitrogen cycling. This work opens perspectives for an ecological intensification of tropical plantation forestry
Morel, Michel. "L'utilité des végétaux aquatiques pour le traitement des eaux usées sous climat tropical." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPL086N.
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