Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Plantes thérapeutiques'
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Boisyvon, Marie-France. "Utilisation des plantes dans les thérapeutiques odontologiques et stomatologiques actuelles." Nantes, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985NANT1472.
Full textTaravella, Véronique. "Crocus sativus : utilisations thérapeutiques." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR2P045.
Full textDethoua, Yandjima Louise Mariette. "Nouvelles approches thérapeutiques et pronostiques dans les trypanosomoses." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON13511.
Full textThe Human African Trypanosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa mainly in remote rural with poor access to health care. Available treatments are expensive and require significant human and logistical resources. Despite the lack of skilled health workers in endemic areas, people often fall back on to traditional medicine. Therefore investigating for new molecules seems necessary to contribute to the effort of research for alternatives therapies against HAT. In vitro, medicinal plants from the combretaceae family in Central African Republic showed trypanocidal activity on T. brucei brucei.Several cases of human infection with trypanosome parasites of animals have also been reported. The number of infections is probably underestimated. Some are usually cured in a spontaneous way, others require therapeutic care. Conventional drugs available against the THA, NECT combination and fexinidazole in clinical trial phase proved to be effective against T. lewisi (natural parasite of rats, causing atypical human Trypanosomosis) in vitro compared with T. brucei gambiense and in vivo in rats. Finally, the level of serum arginase, enzyme associated with the THA, is high in Trypanosomosis patients compared to healthy subjects from the same area. This rate is back to normal after effective treatment. Thus, the assessment of serum arginase may be considered as a biomarker for monitoring the effectiveness of treatment
Roumet, Rachel. "Le droit international de la propriété intellectuelle à l'épreuve du biopiratage : l'exemple de l'exploitation des vertus thérapeutiques des plantes." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GREND005.
Full textOver the past decades, several patents granted for plant-based medicine have been denounced as “biopiracy” based on the assertion that they misappropriated indigenous people's knowledge over plants' therapeutic properties. Indeed, in the current state of law, while the pharmaceuticals may be the subject of patent law, medicinal knowledge is not the subject of any proprietary regime. Therefore, many initiatives have been suggested that aim at defining the appropriate legal instruments to ensure that a sharing of the benefits is imposed on pharmaceutical companies when utilising medicinal knowledge. The principle that the traditional knowledge associated with medicinal plants requires legal protection has already found expression in a number of political outputs, including such major international agreements as the “Convention on Biological Diversity” signed in 1992. This has been further developed with the Nagoya Protocol adopted in October 2010. However, the principles in these conventions still need to be translated into a concrete legal framework to be fully enforceable. This is why it is equally important to study legal practice to see how various actors can explore ways of dealing with the biopiracy issue, both within and outside the existing intellectual property system. This study assesses the legal accuracy of these posited options at the intersection of intellectual property, environmental, development and international trade laws. It uses an economic analysis of law to evaluate the background and the outcomes of reforms that raise not only legal, but also economic, political, and ethical burning issues
Da, Silva Pierre. "Une histoire de la recherche de substances naturelles à activités thérapeutiques." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01038036.
Full textLaurant-Berthoud, Claire. "Les herbes de la vie : entre Tlazotéotl et Hippocrate, plantes médicinales et pratiques thérapeutiques des sages-femmes traditionnelles de l’Altiplano central du Mexique." Thesis, Paris 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA030022.
Full textIn Mexico, more specifically in the state of Morelos, traditional midwives compose a heterogeneous group with regards to their cultural and ethnic origins, their therapeutic praxis, their individual personalities, their training, their fees, etc. At crossroads of knowledge sources, midwives draw their competence from Náhuatl medical traditions and benefited from an academic training from occidental medicine as well. They resort to a number of diverse techniques belonging to wise and popular medical traditions which often refer to a priori conflicting systems. Midwives from Morelos demonstrate their capacity to integrate the lore from those different traditions. Their interest towards the therapies relating to the sphere of the present so-called alternative medicines also indicates their openness and the flexibility of their praxis. From a therapeutic point of view, the midwives assume aspecific role with clear characteristics in accompanying women all along the maternity process, from conception to puerperal period. Baths, massage, nutrition and herbal remedies constitute their main therapeutical resources; the range of their pharmacopoeia varies from a dozen to about a hundredplants. The therapeutic system of the midwives is based on the invariant dichotomy of hot and cold
Gustafsson, Erik. "Etude expérimentale ex et in situ de la sélection de plantes à propriétés thérapeutiques par les grands singes : influence de la physiologie, de l'écologie et de la structure sociale sur l'acquisition du comportement." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MNHN0016.
Full textMore and more studies suggest the existence of self-medicative behaviours in great apes. This thesis aimed to understand the factors influencing the discovery of potentially curative items and to evaluate the possibilities for social transmission of such knowledge. The experiments were carried out in zoos and in a sanctuary. They focused on responses of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), gorillas (Gorilla gorilla), Bornean orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus) and Sumatran orangutans (Pongo abelii) towards various novel items. We measured the neophobia level, the influence of the items’ features presented as well as the influence of social interactions. The interspecific comparison allowed us to propose various hypotheses in relation to genetic, physiological, ecological and social factors on the different learning mechanisms concerned. Gorillas showed a high propensity to ingest the novel plants and they exhibited only few social interactions suggesting a low risk of individual sampling in this species. Their low cautiousness may be the result of their digestive physiology, adapted to a folivorous diet and able to detoxify the plants ingested. In contrast, chimpanzees were neophobic towards the novel plants but showed many social interactions. These results suggest a low capacity for innovation which could be compensate by a high propensity for social learning. Finally, orangutans were very curious towards the plants and their conspecifics when manipulating or consuming them. This behavioural flexibility could be the result of adaptations to unstable environment. All these observations paved the way for future researches especially in relation to genetic (influence of TAS2R38 gene playing a role in gustative sensitivity), physiology (effect of detoxification capacities), ecology (effect of fluctuation in food availability) and sociality (influence of social tolerance)
Triaux, Zélie. "Développement de méthodes d’extraction et d’analyse de molécules terpéniques à activité anti-inflammatoire." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAF032.
Full textToday, approximatively one third of the French population suffers from chronic pain. In most cases, the drugs recommended for the treatment of these diseases are anti-inflammatory or painkillers with significant side effects. The aim of this thesis was to explore the anti-inflammatory properties of therapeutic plant extracts in order to recommend them as an alternative treatment for chronic inflammatory pain. Volatile terpenes were obtained from two plants not well caracterized: Calamintha nepeta (L.) savi and Asarum europaeum (L.). Different techniques have been optimized for the extraction of volatile terpenes from plant material, namely hydrodistillation, pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), headspace extraction (HS), headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SDME), headspace sorptive extraction (HSSE) and finally single drop microextraction coupled to deep eutectic solvents (DES-HS-SDME). Each extract was analyzed by GC-MS and a qualitative and quantitative analysis were conducted on the obtained data. The DES HS SDME method showed the best efficiency for the extraction of volatile terpenes of different polarities, boiling temperatures and molecular weights. In this thesis, DESs were used for one of the first time for the extraction of volatile compounds. These emerging solvents are a promising alternative to the toxic organic solvents commonly used in analytical chemistry. The anti-inflammatory activity of each extract was evaluated by in vitro tests. To this end, the ability of the molecules to inhibit the secretion of TNF-α, the main messenger of inflammation, was measured by flow cytometry. Only the extracts obtained by PLE from the two plants studied showed anti-inflammatory activity. Those extracts, which contain a low concentration of volatile compounds, contain other non-volatile bioactive molecules which may be responsible for the measured biological activity. Although no extract concentrated in volatile terpenes has significantly inhibited the secretion of TNF-α, preliminary results have shown that the main compounds of the studied plants have anti-inflammatory activity. Pulegone, the main volatile compound of Calamintha nepeta (L.) savi extracts and whose chemical structure is close to menthol, has a similar anti-inflammatory activity to menthol (EC50(pulegone) = 1.5 mM et EC50(menthol) = 1.2 mM). A major advantage of pulegone was identified in this project: its low toxicity compared to menthol. Indeed, the toxicity EC50 of pulegone is 6.8 mM while the one of menthol is 3.6 mM. Pulegone can thus be introduced as a potential alternative to menthol in various pharmaceutical preparations allowing to increase the dose of active ingredient while reducing the side effects linked to its toxicity. All these results show why it is important to focus on bioactive molecules in plants for the treatment of chronic inflammatory pain and why not for the treatment of any other disease
Motte-Florac, Elisabeth. "Le pharmakon-aliment et son réseau trophique dans les rituels thérapeutiques de la Mésoamérique : l'exemple de la limpia dans le centre du Mexique." Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR2027/document.
Full textPharmakons-foods used in therapeutics without being administered in accordance with established medical practices, have been ignored by research both in the anthropology of food and in ethnopharmacology. They are the matter studied in this exploration of therapeutic rituals in the Central Mesoamerican area, more particularly la limpia. The semiological-anthropological study of the acts which constitute this therapeutic practice shows that these foods are essentially used in two of the ritual’s metasequences, corresponding to the practitioner’s intervention on the patient on one hand and on the surrounding environment on the other: the fundamental act performed using one or several cleansing agents and the offerings to the non-ordinary entities responsible for the affliction. These particular foods are studied in their synchronic and diachronic aspects: the place they occupy in therapeutic rituals, the trophic networks they partake in, and the reasons behind their evolution over the centuries
Lamy, Aude. "Production de protéines d'intérêt thérapeutique par les plantes transgéniques : réalisations et perspectives." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05P087.
Full textCotereau, Béatrice. "La cicatrisation et l'application aux médicaments spécialisés à base de plantes et substances dérivées à propriétés cicatrisantes." Paris 5, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA05P028.
Full textPaget, Nathalie. "Les plantes médicinales dans les spécialités de la toux." Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05P096.
Full textAndreu-Verin, Sonia. "Thérapeutique occidentale et thérapeutique traditionnelle par les plantes chez les Amérindiens Palikurs de Makouria, village de Guyane française proche de Cayenne." Montpellier 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON11085.
Full textVu, Danièle. ""Centranthus ruber" D. C : plante sédative méconnue." Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA05P060.
Full textBoydron-Le, Garrec Raphaële. "Evaluation du potentiel thérapeutique de plantes traditionnellement utilisées dans le Pacifique pour traiter l'intoxication ciguaterique." Nouvelle Calédonie, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NCAL0012.
Full textHout, Sotheara. "Etude pharmacologique de l'activité antipaludique de plantes utilisées en médecine traditionnelle au Cambodge." Aix-Marseille 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX22951.
Full textDesgrouas, Camille. "Etude de l'activité antipaludique de la cépharanthine isolée de stephania rotunda lour. : approche analytique, transcriptomique et pharmacocinétique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM5097.
Full textThis PhD focuses on the study of the antimalarial activity of cepharanthine. Two green extraction methods, using microwave and ultrasound, have been proposed. The antiplasmodial activity was evaluated by calculating the concentration inhibiting 50 % of parasite growth. Potential targets were evaluated by studying the variation of gene expression. At the microscopic level, cepharanthine seemed to inhibit the parasite growth and to block parasite at the ring stages. The transcriptomic assay showed that cepharanthine seems to have an impact on the transport of Plasmodium proteins to the red blood cell surface, on organellar functions necessary for the survival of the parasite, and on the interactions between infected red blood cells and the endothelium or healthy red blood cells. The study of combination therapies showed that cepharanthine appears to potentiate some antimalarial compounds. A quantitative analysis of cepharathine in mouse plasma allowed performing a pharmacokinetic study. Cepharanthine could be an interesting lead to the development of new antimalarial drugs
Chea, Aun. "Ethnopharmacologie de plantes traditionnellement utilisées au Cambodge dans le traitement de la malaria et des maladies infectieuses : application à trois plantes antipaludiques Erioglossum edule Blume [Lepisanthes rubiginosa (Roxb.) Leenh.], Stephania rotunda Lour, Vernonia cinerea Less." Aix-Marseille 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX22963.
Full textPlants used in traditional medicine for their antimicrobial (43 plants) and antiplasmodial properties (30 plants) have been collected according to ethnobotanical surveys in 9 provinces of Cambodia. Three plants having an in vitro antiplasmodial activity were selected for phytochemical and pharmacological studies. From the root of Erioglossum edule, six new saponins were identified. They are glycosides of 3b-hydroxytirucalla-7,24-dien-21-oic acid and of 3b-hydroxy-21b (a)-methoxy-21 (S) and 23 (R)-epoxytirucalla-7,24-diene From the tuber of Stephania rotunda, sixteen alkaloids were isolated. The major alkaloid, cepharanthine has in vitro antiplasmodial activity (IC50: 0. 61 μM). This compound showed synergistic effect when associated with chloroquine and additive effect when associated with artesunate or other alkaloids. Cepharanthine at 10 mg/kg displayed in vivo antimalarial activity in mice infected by Plasmodium berghei. This alkaloid showed leishmanicidal activity and was cytotoxic. From Vernonia cinerea ten sesquiterpene lactones belonging to hirsutinolide group were identified. Two of them are new: - Vernolide C [8-a-(3-chloro-2-hydroxy-2-méthylpropanoyloxy) hirsutinolide- 13-O-acétate] - Vernolide D [8-a-(4-hydroxytigloyloxy)-hirsutinolide-13-O-acétate]. These compounds have in vitro antiplasmodial activity with IC50 between 3. 1 and 9. 2 μM. These results justify the traditional use of these plants as antimalarial agents in Cambodia
Golicki, Isabelle. "Les propriétés hépatoprotectrices du chardon Marie (Silybum Marianum L. )." Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05P099.
Full textRojas, Fermín Luis Beltrán. "Phénols et terpènes des plantes médicinales, Argania spinosa, Plumeria inodora, Sarcostemma clausum et Peltophorum africanum." Bordeaux 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR12983.
Full textLafay, Anne-Sophie. "Contribution à l'étude de deux plantes réputées hypoglycémiantes : Galega officinalis L. et Coutarea Latiflora D.C." Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05P151.
Full textFournier, Céline. "Utilisation des plantes en cosmétologie : applications à la prévention et à la gestion du vieillissement cutané." Dijon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999DIJOP024.
Full textFabre, André. "Utilisation médicinale des épices dans l'Empire Romain : plaidoyer pour une utilisation raisonnée du savoir thérapeutique de l' Antiquité." Paris 4, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA040098.
Full textTwo main purposes were assigned to this study of medicinal prescription of spices at the time of the Roman Empire : analyse Roman pharmacopoeia of spices in reference to modern scientific criteria and assess a new discipline, close to "ethno-botany" and "ethno-pharmacology", aiming to a new approach of drug research : "archeo-pharmacology". The Roman world of spices remains obscure ::most likely, spices were, for the Romans, nothing more than substances with specific aromatic strength and high market prices. The study is conducted on a whole of 2600 quotations from 12 authors: Apicius, Caelius Aurelianus, Cassius Felix, Celsus, Dioscorides, Galen, Marcellus, (Anonymous) Mulomedicina, Pelagonius, Pliny the Elder, Serenus Sammonicus and Scribonius Largus and a set of 33 medicinal spices among which : cyperus, ferulas (Asa foetida), frankincense, pepper, myrrh and saffron. During the last decades, new methods of therapeutic research : ethno-botany and ethno-pharmacology, have been used extensively to explore traditional medicines. A new discipline is ready to emerge : "archeo-pharmacology", aiming towards a drug research based on Ancient texts
Baranes, Nadine. "Contrôle de la bilharziose ou schistosomose par les plantes à activité molluscide : exemple de Swartzia madagascariensis DESV." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05P148.
Full textManoukians, Laurent. "Propriétés hypoglycémiantes et utilisations empiriques de "Momordica charantia" L." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05P237.
Full textFiorini, Christel. "Contribution à l'étude phytochimique de Laurus Nobilis L. (Lauraceae)." Toulouse, INPT, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPT027G.
Full textLong, Christophe. "Etude phytochimique, évaluation de potentialités biologiques de Vitex agnus castus L. (Verbenaceae)." Toulouse, INPT, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPT033G.
Full textJacob, Alexandre. "Iris versicolor : étude allopathique et homéopathie." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR2P004.
Full textCrane, Sylvie. "Contribution à la connaissance de deux plantes oléagineuses de la Guadeloupe : Poutera multiflora et calophyllum calaba." Antilles-Guyane, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AGUY0160.
Full textAmong the species of oleaginous plants of Guadeloupe, two species were selected for this studt, Pouteria multiflora and Calophyllum calaba, of share their local and traditional uses. The study concerning the Pouteria multifora species, made it possible to provide data on the composition in major and minors components of the fruit:glucids, proteins, lipids and rock salt. The description of the principal molecules constitutive of the greasy substances after identification and quantification by associating various techniques, such as the chromatography, supplements the chimical knowledge of the fruit. Study of the glyceridic fractions of the oils extracted from the fruit of this species, we will quote the fatty acids associated with waxes. In addition, the study of the components of the unsaponifiable enabled us to raise the prevalence of the tripernic molecules such as erythrodiol and uvaol. Concerning Calophyllum calaba, our study emphasizes two essentials points: the choice of the criteria and conditions allowing an optimal extraction of an oil of quality by single -scew pressing of almonds, chimiometric study; as well as the analytical characteristics and the qualitative and quantitative constitution of oil : distribution of the fatty acids, tocopherols and tocotrienols contents, presence of triperpenols and sterols. These last results confirm the properties concerned a traditional use relating to the healing and calming actions of this oil, having for origin the quoted molecules and which are well-known for their antioxydant activies. A local company retained this oleaginous matter for some of these formulations; indeed, the oli of Calophyllum calaba is presented as a excellent raw material for the beauty care
Balde, Elhadj Saïdou. "Identification de nouvelles molécules à potentiel anticancéreux." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210113.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques
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Traoré, Fanta. "Evaluation de l'activité antipaludique de Glinus oppositifolius (L. ) Aug. D. C. , Nauclea latifolia SM. , Mitragyna inermis (Willd. ) O. Kuntze : trois plantes utilisées en médecine traditionnelle au Mali." Aix-Marseille 2, 1999. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/1999AIX20664.pdf.
Full textAmrar, Kader. "Allergies et allergènes d'origine végétale." Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05P022.
Full textCharlet, Stéphane. "Etude des mécanismes de régulation physiologique et biochimique de l'accumulation de lignanes chez le lin : mise en œuvre aux niveaux de la cellule et de la plante entière." Amiens, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AMIED008.
Full textFlaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) fibres and oil are valuable products for industrial applications. However this plant also accumulates lignans phytoestrogens : secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) and matairesinol. These compounds have been proved to prevent the outcome of some hormone-dependent cancers. The study of their metabolism requires the use of efficient analytical methods to evaluate them as well as their biosynthetic precursors. In a first part of our work, lignans have been purified from flaxseeds, for a further use as standards in the analytical protocols. HPLC methods were optimised , mainly at the keypoint of the release of lignans from the complexes in which they are bound in the plant. It was then possible to evaluate secoisolariciresinol derivatives, either directly or indirectly as anhydrosecoisolariciresinol, a conversion form of flaxseed lignans. The application of these analytical tools allowed to reveal that in the plant, lignans were exclusively accumulated in the seeds (80% of total) and the fruits (15%). No trace of the flaxseed lignans could be detected in various in vitro cultures. However the dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol monoglucoside (DCG), a neolignan was purified and identified from these cultures in which it is accumulated at a very high level. It was shown that plant growth regulators as well as photoperiod deeply influence the lignan levels of the cultures. The highest values (74mg. G-1 DW) were reached when of BAP (0. 5mg. L-1) was added to the culture medium, and when the cultures were maintained in the dark. A 13C labelled phenylalanine supplementation in the cultures did not allow the identification of other labelled lignan precursors. Moreover, the interaction of the plant cells with an alginate matrix in which they were immobilised induced lignans release in the culture medium without modifying their total amount
Cahour, Callarec Denis. "Buxus sempervirens L." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05P027.
Full textSeguin, Catherine. "Arbutus Unedo L. Et autres éricacées médicinales." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR2P049.
Full textPortet, Bénédicte. "Recherche bioguidée de molécules antipaludiques d'une plante guyanaise : Piper hostmannianum var. berbicense." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/66/.
Full textMalaria is an infectious disease that occurs in one hundred countries located in tropical and subtropical regions in the world. The emergence of resistant strains to antimalarial drugs in use makes it necessary to discover new antimalarials. Previous findings of antimalarial agents such as quinine and artemisinin from medicinal plants also encouraged the possibility of finding new active drugs from plant sources. In our search aiming to discover new antimalarial from the biodiversity of French Guiana, the n-hexane extract and the chloroform extract of the leaves of Piper hotmannianum var berbicense revealed a potential antiplasmodial activity with IC50 between 8 and 20 µg/ml. After purification, seventeen compounds have been isolated. Their structures were established on the basis of NMR experiments, mass spectroscopy and X-ray analysis. The antiplasmodial and cytotoxic in vitro activities of all isolated compounds were assessed against chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant P. Falciparum strains and MCF-7 cells. Moreover, the most active compounds with the best selectivity were evaluated for in-vivo antimalarial activity against P. Vinckei petteri in mice. We have investigated the specific fragmentation patterns of the flavanones, chalcones and dihydrochalcones previously isolated in mass spectrometry by (-)-APCI in the university of Bruxelles. The present approach have been applied to study the flavonoids in the ethyl acetate extract of the leaves of P. Hostmannianum var. Berbicense by LC/UV/APCI-MSn. Based on the identification rules by MS spectroscopy, five new molecules were tentatively characterized including flavanones, chalcones and dihydrochalcones
Myung-Nyu, Kim. "Étude d'une plante médicinale d'utilisation traditionnelle en Corée : "Carthamus tinctorius L." : aspects phytochimiques (flavonoides et huile essentielle), analytiques et pharmacologiques." Paris 11, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA114838.
Full textNgom, Saliou. "Étude pharmaco-chimique de ressources végétales et algales : recherche de métabolites anti-inflammatoires et-ou anti-radicalaires." Strasbourg 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008STR12437.
Full textThis pharmaco-chemical study concerns two halophytes: Crithmum maritimum L. (Apiaceae) and Eryngium maritimum L. (Apiaceae); three macro-algae, Palmaria palmata (L. ) O. Kuntze (Palmariaceae), Pelvetia canaliculata (L. ) Decne. & Thur. (Fucaceae) and Himanthalia elongata L. Gray (Himanthaliaceae) as well as one micro-algae Scenedesmus sp. (Scenedesmaceae). A bio-guided fractionation of their anti-inflammatory (inhibition of TNFα or NO• production) and/ or free radical scavenging (against DPPH, O2•-, •OH) active extracts allowed us to isolate and identify about fifty constituents, using TLC, HPLC, NMR 1D and 2D, MS, GC-MS. Twenty seven compounds with anti-inflammatory and / or radical scavenging activities among which four terpenes, one cinnamic aldehyde, one polyacetylene, three coumarins, seven flavonoids and eleven phenolic acids were isolated and identified from aerial parts and undifferentiated cells of C. Maritimum. Two flavonoids and two phenolic acids with anti-oxidant activities were isolated from undifferentiated cells of E. Maritimum. A xanthophylle and a sterol inhibiting the NO• production were isolated and identified from two brown macro-algae: P. Canaliculata and H. Elongata. Two acids and a cinnamic aldehyde were purified from Palmaria palmata, an anti-inflammatory red macro-algae. Finally, about fifteen fatty acids and a sterol were identified from a Scenedesmus sp. Lipophilic extract with anti-inflammatory effects. Among all the isolated secondary metabolites, six new structures were determined
Zamble, Bi Tah Alexis. "Etude chimique et pharmacologique de Microdesmis keayana (Pandaceae) Léonard et Mezoneuron benthamianum (Fabaceae) Baill. , deux plantes médicinales africaines utilisées dans le traitement des troubles de l'érection." Lille 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LIL2S047.
Full textMicrodesmis keayana Léonard (Pandaceae) and Mezoneuron benthamianum Baillon (Fabaceae) are used in African traditional medicine to treat erectile dysfunction. Phytochemical investigations showed that M. Keayana roots are rich in new hydroxycinnamic acid-spermidine (kéayanidines) and –spermine (kéyanines) alkaloids and one quinoleic alkaloid, xanthoquininamide. On the other hand, gallic acid and trans- resvératrol have been identified in M. Benthamianum roots. All these compounds were identified by spectral (MS and NMR) and chemical methods. Extracts and major compounds obtained from these two plants showed strong antioxidants and scavenger properties and also a high vasorelaxant and hypotensive potential. They stimulate the eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) expression and therefore the production of NO. In animal experiments, studied extracts and major compounds stimulate the sexual parameters of the male rats
Leu, Tinihauarii. "Contribution à la connaissance de la flore polynésienne : évaluation de l'intérêt pharmacologique de plantes médicinales et étude phytochimique du Tamanu (calophyllum inophyllum, L.- Clusiaceae)." Polynésie française, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009POLF0001.
Full textFrench Polynesia is considered as a worldwide renown hot spot of biodiversity. A better knowledge of natural resources is required for an optimal use of this biodiversity. As a matter of fact, the pharmacological interest of some French Polynesian medicinal plants was assessed for the first time using bioactivity screening assays. Free radical scavenging activity of Myrsine falcata, Myrsine taitensis, Ludwigia octovalvis, Coccoloba uvifera and Metrosideros collina and elastase inhibiting activity of Callophyllum inophyllum are disclosed herein. In-depth phytochemical study of French Polynesian Tamanu oil was performed for the first time. 16 coumarin derivatives named "Tamanolides". AntiVIH agents, calanolides A and B, were isolated for the first time in C. Inophyllum emphasizing the pharmacological interest of this species
Auditeau, Emilie. "Bases rationnelles de l’utilisation des plantes dans l’épilepsie : vers une amélioration de l’accessibilité au traitement dans les pays en développement." Thesis, Limoges, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIMO0053/document.
Full textOf the 70 million people living with epilepsy (PWE) worldwide, 150,000 live in Peru and 52,000in Laos, where the epilepsy treatment gap are respectively 75% and 97%.Our main objective was to characterize the use of medicinal plants in the management ofepilepsy. The specific objectives were: (i) to review the current state of knowledge onmedicinal plants used as antiepileptics in Asian, Latin American and African countries, (ii) to determine the place of phytotherapy in the therapeutic itinerary of PWE, (iii) to evaluate the pharmacological efficacy of plant extracts used to treat epilepsy in two rural communities in northern Peru.We first used a comprehensive bibliographic approach of the specialized literature. The field approach in Peru and Laos combined epidemiological and ethnopharmacological tools. The third part of this work was a pilot study to assess the feasibility and relevance of conducting pharmacological tests of plant efficacy in epilepsy models.We identified 106 publications on the use of plants in epilepsy between 1982 and 2017. Thepercentage of herbal remedies used was 66.7% in Peru and 71.1% in Laos. A total of 66 plant species were mentioned by patients and traditional healers in Peru and 87 in Laos. A potential antiepileptic effect with extracts of Valeriana officinalis and Melissa officinalis has been observed. The place of traditional medicine is such that it would be interesting if it were an integral part of the health care system
Fahed, Layal. "Diversité chimique et potentiel antimicrobien d’huiles essentielles de plantes libanaises." Thesis, Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MNHN0005/document.
Full textAntimicrobial resistance is a major global problem and a growing concern. The development of new conventional antimicrobial agents replacing inefficient ones is certainly one of the most promising strategies aiming to reduce its extent. But this solution remains unfortunately momentary. In fact, any antimicrobial agent will eventually be defeated by the spread of resistant strains favored by the selection pressure phenomenon exerted by the agent itself. It is therefore necessary to consider all possible alternatives to conventional approaches in order to diversify the antimicrobial arsenal.Essential oils used by plants in their defense against pathogens are naturally composed of a mixture of components making them able to act on several targets of the organism. Thus, even the most resistant pathogens will not be able to escape their actions and the development of resistance will be therefore limited.In this thesis, Lebanese aromatic plants selected based mainly on ethnopharmacological indications were collected from various Lebanese regions. They were subsequently hydrodistillated producing twenty essential oils analyzed by GC / MS and eventually by NMR, and assessed against a range of pathogens that cause skin infections in humans. The analysis of the chemical composition of the EOs was marked by the isolation and characterization for the first time of santolinoïdol, a bisabolene type sesquiterpene that was found in the essential oil of Achillea santolinoides subsp. wilhelmsii. Almost half of the EOs have been active on at least one pathogen. The origin of the activity of the most active oils, the effect of their associations with commercial antimicrobials and their cytotoxicities were also investigated
Tésio, Stéphanie. "Pharmacie et univers thérapeutique en Basse-Normandie et dans la vallée du Saint-Laurent au XVIIIème siècle : praticiens, organisation, pratiques : une étude comparative." Caen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CAEN1445.
Full textObringer, Frédéric. "L' aconit et l'orpiment : drogues toxiques et concept de toxicité en Chine, de l'antiquité jusqu'aux Song." Paris, INALCO, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INAL0003.
Full textThe first part of the thesis is devoted to the study of the toxic drugs in theory and practice of the ancient Chinese medicine : the concept of Gu ; snake poisoning ; aconite, a very important poison and drug ; Hanshisan, a dangerous formula often used in the third century A. D. ; of Wang Chong's conception of the toxicity. The second part is devoted to the study of the drugs mentioned by the "Zhenglei bencao", a work of the Song dynasty
Gournelis, Dimitris. "Iridoïdes et alcaloïdes de "Plectronia odorata" Benth. Et Hook, Rubiacées." Paris 5, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA05P607.
Full textFraioli, Sylvie. "Effets chez le rat de la 1-25 dihydroxyvitamine D3 sur la libération d'hormone de croissance et de thyréostimuline stimulée ou non par la thyréolibérine." Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05P098.
Full textVibes, Jean. "Effets de Crataegus oxyacantha L. Sur la biosynthèse in vitro et ex vivo de la thromboxane A2 et de la prostacycline. Relations avec les activités anti-agrégante plaquettaire et coronarodilatatrice de la plante." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30136.
Full textBelhadj, Sahla. "Effet de Simmondsia chinensis sur le diabète et les maladies métaboliques : étude in vitro et in vivo." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAJ061.
Full textHerbal medicine refers to medicine based on plant extracts and natural active ingredients. As the number of diabetic patient increase dramatically, many researchers have sought to evaluate the pharmacological action of several traditional plants. The jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) is a shrub of the family Simmondsiaceae which has many properties linked to a very rich and diversified composition. The objectives pursued during this thesis were to validate the use of jojoba in the prevention of type 2 diabetes and its complications by evaluating in vitro the antioxidant effect of an aqueous extract of jojoba and compare this extract to a pure molecule, the simmondsin, on a pancreatic beta cell line, by demonstrating the efficacy of the various extracts of the jojoba seed on a hepatic cell line following chronic hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia and finally by validating in vivo the efficacy of jojoba on rat a model of glucose intolerance induced by high-fat high-fructose diet (HFHF). The results in vitro showed that the various extracts of the jojoba seed tested were not cytotoxic on the cell lines but provided protection against oxidative stress induced by hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia. This protection appears to be related to the inhibition of the expression of the p22phox pro-oxidant enzyme. In vivo, the study on the HFHF rat model confirmed the anorectic effect of jojoba combined with a curative effect on complications, in particular liver and kidney damage, which could be linked to its antioxidant properties. This study demonstrated the efficacy of jojoba seeds in the treatment of diabetes and its complications
Granger, Isabelle. "Recherche de molécules d'origine végétale à visée cardiovasculaire présentant une affinité pour les récepteurs V1a de la vasopressine." Toulouse, INPT, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPT034G.
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