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Academic literature on the topic 'Plantes vivaces – Résistance au froid'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Plantes vivaces – Résistance au froid"
Khodorova, Nadezda. "Contribution à l’étude de l’adaptation au froid d’une plante géophyte : Corydalis bracteata (Steph.) Pers (Fumariaceae DC.) et approche du métabolisme secondaire au cours du développement." Amiens, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AMIE0110.
Full textThe first part of the work concerns the determination of physiological mechanisms affected by the temperature and their role in the growth and development of geophytes. By the example of Corydalis bracteata we have shown that low temperature applied to geophyte plants during autumn and winter months is the essential factor for their development, flowering in particularly. We suppose that temperature influences mobilization and distribution of carbohydrates in underground organs. Namely, low temperature leads to efflux of the sugars into apoplastic domain of the tuber. The apoplastic way is the main route for soluble carbohydrates transport from the tuber to the bud. Without low temperature the apoplastic route is not activated and the sugar transport is disturbed. This provokes the lack of nutriments in the bud and leads to the necrosis of the latter. The second part is devoted to the study of C. Bracteata benzylisoquinoline alkaloids metabolism (seasonal dynamics of alkaloid accumulation and transport throughout the plant). Using different analytical techniques, we could identify 13 benzylisoquinoline alkaloids in the extracts of C. Bracteata. Moreover, the results of our analysis of MS/MS spectra of tetrahydroprotoberberine alkaloids detected in the extracts suggest the possibility of a new fragmentation mechanism of these compounds by the rupture of C-C liaisons in the cycle B that has never been described before. The data on seasonal dynamics of alkaloid accumulation show that alkaloid content is highest in young growing organs. The results of alkaloid transport in C. Bracteata indicate that there is no long distance alkaloids translocation between different organs of the plant. This suggests that all plant organs could be implied into alkaloid biosynthesis
Leborgne, Nathalie. "Approches biochimiques des mécanismes de résistance au froid chez Eucalyptus gunnii Hook. F." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30227.
Full textDelecaux, Daniel. "Etude de la résistance au froid d'une Papilionaceae vivrière d'origine tropicale, Arachis hypogaea, L. Et contribution à l'amélioration du développement de ces plantes." Dijon, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986DIJOS062.
Full textBrunet, Philippe. "Etude physiologique comparée de l'adaptation au froid chez de jeunes plants de Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. Et Lycopersicon hirsutum Humb. & Bonpl." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20257.
Full textTheocharis, Andreas I. "Physiological responses of Burkholderia phytofirmans strain PsJN colonized plantlets of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. ) to low non-freezing temperatures." Reims, 2010. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/sciences/2010REIMS003.pdf.
Full textBurkholderia phytofirmans souche PsJN a été caractérisée comme une rhizobactérie promotrice de la croissance des plantes (PGPR) capable d’induire la résistance de la vigne contre certains phypathogènes. Pour mieux comprendre l’interaction entre la vigne et la souche PsJN, le profil de l’expression de différents gènes de défenses a été analysé au niveau des feuilles de vitroplants après l’inoculation des racines par la bactérie. Les résultats montrent que la souche PsJN induit la propagation d’un signal systémique, des racines vers les feuilles, caractéristique d’une résistance systémique induite (ISR). L’expression de gènes de défenses a également été suivie au niveau des vitroplants bactérisés 4 semaines avant leur traitement par les basses températures. Les résultats montrent une accumulation précoce et/ou intense des transcrits de ces gènes au niveau des vitroplants bactérisés et soumis aux basses températures selon le phénomène de potentialisation. Cet état de potentialisation permet également aux vitroplants bactérisés d’augmenter la teneur en sucres solubles, amidon et proline après le stress thermique. L’étude des marqueurs de peroxydation membranaire a montré une dégradation plus rapide des aldéhydes, du malondialdéhyde et du peroxyde d’hydrogène, une semaine après le début du stress froid, indiquant ainsi une meilleure adaptation des vitroplants bactérisés aux basses températures. En conclusion, B. Phytofirmans souche PsJN est une PGPR inductrice de l’ISR qui est capable de stimuler les mécanismes de défense de la vigne via un état de potentialisation qui lui permettrait une acclimatation en condition de basses températures
Dumont, Estelle. "Tolérance au gel après acclimatation au froid chez le pois : identification de protéines et cartographie de PQL et QTL." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10037/document.
Full textCoId acclimation is the process whereby plants, previously exposed to low positive temperatures, are sUbsequently able to tolerate frost. This phenomenon was studied under controlled conditions in pea (Pisum sativum L.) in two Iines: Champagne, frost tolerant after cold acclimation and Terese, frost sensitive even if previously submitted to a cold acclimation period. Leaf, stem and root proteomes were analysed. Thirty five per cent of the identified differentially expressed proteins in leaves and stems during the cold acclimation period were involved in photosynthesis and glycolysis. ln stems, 25% were identified as folding proteins and ir roots, 47% were involved in the defense response. The raffinose, sucrose, glucose and citrate contents increased in Champagne leaves, stems and roots during the cold acclimation. ln contrast, the levels of these compounds were low in non-acclimated Champagne as weil as in Terese submitted to the cold acclimation period or not. Metabolite levels were also determined on the recombinant inbred lines (RIL) resulting from the cross between Champagne and Terese. Subsequent analyses permitted the detection of potential cold acclimation explicative OTL. ln particular, raffinose content QTL were colocalized with frost da mage QTL on the linkage groups 5 and 6. POL were also detected with the study of RtL leaf proteome. A number of these PQL colocalized with the previously detected QTL. The data obtained using these different approaches allowed us to propose hypothezises potentially explaining the mechanisms used by Champagne to tolerate frost
Touchard, Christelle. "Recherche de GTLs et choix de cibles stratégiques pour l'amélioration de la tolérance aux basses températures chez le maïs." Compiègne, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006COMP1620.
Full textCold tolerance is a complex mechanism linked to ecophysiological and physiological changes. The aim of this work was to identify key chromosomal regions involved in low temperature tolerance. This work was based on a population resulting from the advanced back-cross with a highland tropical inbred within a flint background. A first approach was based on the detection of chromosomal regions involved in biomass changes in response to cold and their origin: canopy development, photosynthesis, carbon and nitrogen metabolisms. A second approach was based on the hypothesis that an antioxidant, the glutathione, bas a key role in low temperature tolerance. Combining these two approaches, we conclude that photosynthesis seems to play a key rote when the glutathione one is limited in our genetic background and for the climatic conditions tested
Guinchard, Marie-Pierre. "Comportement hivernal du trèfle blanc (Trifolium repens l. ) : morphogénèse et rôle des composés carbonés." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1995_GUINCHARD_M_P.pdf.
Full textEl, Kayal Walid. "Réponse aux stress abiotiques chez Eucalyptus gunii : analyse globale du transcriptome sur filtres haute densité et caractérisation moléculaire du gène Sxd1 (synthèse de la vitamine E)." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30078.
Full textDue to interesting wood properties, fast growth and a low requirement for soil quality, Eucalyptus is the most planted woody angiosperm worldwilde. However, due to the limitation of Eucalyptus expansion by cold climate, frost tolerance became a main agronomic trait to be improved for these species. Freezing tolerance is associated to intrinsic tolerance and acclimation capacity corresponding to deep biochemical and physiological changes mediated by the induction of a lot of genes. The function of some these genes is still unclear up to now. In this context, our scientific project aims to identify candidate genes in order to better understand the main molecular mechanisms of frost tolerance. In order to study transcriptional changes during acclimation, the identification of genes was carried out by two different approaches: targeted PCR and screening of a subtractive library obtained from cold acclimated Eucalyptus cell suspension culture. .