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Journal articles on the topic 'Planting seed'
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1
Carter, Rodney A. "Planting Faculty Seed." American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education 69, no. 5 (September 2005): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5688/aj690594.
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Mehos, M., D. Kabel, and P. Smithers. "Planting the seed." IEEE Power and Energy Magazine 7, no. 3 (May 2009): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mpe.2009.932308.
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Hartjens, Peter G. "Planting a Seed." World Leisure & Recreation 27, no. 1 (February 1985): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10261133.1985.10558859.
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Pestronk, Robert M. "Planting a Seed." Journal of Public Health Management and Practice 8, no. 1 (January 2002): 36–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00124784-200201000-00008.
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Bhardwaj, Harbans L., Muddappa Rangappa, and Anwar A. Hamama. "Planting Date and Genotype Effects on Tepary Bean Productivity." HortScience 37, no. 2 (April 2002): 317–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.37.2.317.
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Our objective was to evaluate production potential of eight tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray) genotypes and three planting dates. Significant variation (P < 0.05) existed among eight genotypes and three planting dates in 1997 and 1998. The genotype ×planting date interaction was nonsignificant (P > 0.05) for seed yield and harvest index. Seed yields of eight genotypes, when averaged over three planting dates and 2 years, varied from 1618 to 1988 with a mean of 1816 kg·ha-1, indicating that tepary bean is adapted to Virginia's agro-climatic conditions. The harvest index (ratio between seed and total plant weight, expressed as percentage) ranged from 38% to 47%. Seed weight varied from 12.6 to 18.8 g with a mean of 14.5 g. Genotypes with tan-colored seeds had significantly larger seed than those with black or white seeds. Planting dates significantly affected seed yield, seed weight, and harvest index. The highest seed yield (2239 kg·ha-1) and harvest index were obtained from the late May plantings.
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KUMAR, VINEET, ANITA RANI, VIMAL PANDEY, PURVI MANDE, and G. S. CHAUHAN. "COMPOSITIONAL TRAITS OF SOYBEAN SEEDS AS INFLUENCED BY PLANTING DATE IN INDIA." Experimental Agriculture 42, no. 1 (January 2006): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479705003042.
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Information on the influence of date of planting on protein, oil and fatty acid composition of soybean seeds is meagre, whilst similar studies on lipoxygenase isozymes and trypsin inhibitor contents are lacking. A field experiment was conducted with nine Indian genotypes and three planting dates (spread over 23 days) to study the influence of planting dates on these seed traits. Results based upon a one-year study indicated that oil content declined with delays in planting. Oleic acid content increased from the first to third planting, while the reverse trend was observed for linolenic acid. Lipoxygenase-1 activity was reduced by delayed plantings. Protein content was the lowest and trypsin inhibitor content was the highest for the second planting. However, no differences were observed for protein and trypsin inhibitor contents between the first and third planting. Significant interactions. observed between genotype and planting date for most of the seed compositional characters suggest that the influence of late planting is genotype-dependent.
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Keeley, Paul E., Charles H. Carter, and Robert J. Thullen. "Influence of Planting Date on Growth of Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri)." Weed Science 35, no. 2 (March 1987): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500079054.
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Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeriS. Wats. # AMAPA) planted in a field at monthly intervals from March through October at Shafter, CA, began to emerge in March when soil temperatures at a depth of 5 cm reached 18 C. With the exception of March and April plantings, at least 50% of the seed of later plantings produced seedlings within 2 weeks after planting. Although growth of plants was initially slower for early plantings, plantings from March to July reached 2 m or greater in height by fall. Due to longer growing times, plantings from March to June eventually produced more dry matter and a greater number of inflorescences than later plantings. Plants began flowering 5 to 9 weeks after planting in March through June and 3 to 4 weeks after planting in July through October. Some viable seed was produced as early as 2 to 3 weeks after flowering began. Total seed production in the fall ranged from 200 000 to 600 000 seed/plant for the March through June plantings, and 115 to 80 000 seed/plant for the July through September plantings. Killing frosts in November prevented Palmer amaranth planted in October from producing seed.
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Strange, PC, and KW Blackmore. "Effect of whole seed tubers, cut seed and within row spacing on potato (cv. Sebago) tuber yield." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 30, no. 3 (1990): 427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9900427.
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Whole seed potato tubers in the size ranges 35-100 g, 101-150 g and 35-150 g were compared with cut seed and a mixed run grade of both whole 35-100 g tubers and cut seed, at within row spacings of 25 and 33.3 cm in rows 81.3 cm wide, at Healesville, Ballarat and Warragul districts in 1986-87 and 1987-88. Whole 35-250 g tubers and 40 cm within row spacing were also included in experiments at Healesville during the 2 seasons. The mean total tuber yield from planting whole 35-150 g tubers (47.9 t/ha) was significantly higher than from planting Run grade seed [44.9 t/ha, 1.s.d. (P=0.05)=2.0]. Yields of 35-100 g and 101-150 g tubers were also significantly higher with plantings of whole seed compared with Cut or Run seed. The mean yield of tubers >250 g was significantly higher from planting Run grade seed (12.0 t/ha) than whole 35-150 g tubers [9.7 t/ha, 1.s.d. (P=0.05)=1.8]. Increasing the within row spacing from 25 to 33.3 or 40 cm significantly increased the yield of tubers >250 g and significantly reduced the yield of 101-150 g tubers. The effect on yield of 35-100 g, 151-250 g tubers and total tuber yield was variable. The mean multiplication rate (total yield/seed planting rate) from plantings of 101-150 g whole seed was significantly lower than from plantings of Cut and Run seed but was increased significantly with plantings of whole 35-100 g seed. Increasing the within row spacing significantly increased the multiplication rate and values from 1 environment were 17.2 at 25 cm, 22.2 at 33.3 cm and 24.6 at 40 cm [l.s.d. (P=0.05)=1.5]. The mean number of tubers per plant was significantly higher from plantings of whole seed (8.0-9.1) than from Cut or Run grade seed [6.8-7.1, 1.s.d. (P=0.05)=0.4] and was increased significantly by increasing the within row spacings from 25 to 33.3 or 40 cm.
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Kandel, Yuba R., Kiersten A. Wise, Carl A. Bradley, Albert U. Tenuta, and Daren S. Mueller. "Effect of Planting Date, Seed Treatment, and Cultivar on Plant Population, Sudden Death Syndrome, and Yield of Soybean." Plant Disease 100, no. 8 (August 2016): 1735–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-02-16-0146-re.
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A 2-year study was conducted in Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, and Ontario in 2013 and 2014 to determine the effects of planting date, seed treatment, and cultivar on plant population, sudden death syndrome (SDS) caused by Fusarium virguliforme, and grain yield of soybean (Glycine max). Soybean crops were planted from late April to mid-June at approximately 15-day intervals, for a total of three to four plantings per experiment. For each planting date, two cultivars differing in SDS susceptibility were planted with and without fluopyram seed treatment. Mid-May plantings resulted in higher disease index compared with other planting dates in two experiments, early June plantings in three, and the remaining six experiments were not affected by planting date. Soil temperature at planting was not linked to SDS development. Root rot was greater in May plantings for most experiments. Resistant cultivars had significantly lower disease index than the susceptible cultivar in 54.5% of the experiments. Fluopyram reduced disease severity and protected against yield reductions caused by SDS in nearly all plantings and cultivars, with a maximum yield response of 1,142 kg/ha. Plant population was reduced by fluopyram seed treatment and early plantings in some experiments; however, grain yield was not affected by these reductions. Yields of plots planted in mid-June were up to 29.8% less than yields of plots planted in early May. The lack of correlation between early planting date and SDS severity observed in this study indicates that farmers do not have to delay planting in the Midwest to prevent yield loss due to SDS; cultivar selection combined with fluopyram seed treatment can reduce SDS in early-planted soybean (late April to mid May).
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., M. A. Khan, S. M. Alam ., S. S. M. Naqvi ., S. A. Ala ., M. H. Naqvi ., S. Mumtaz ., A. Shereen ., et al. "Comparison Between Seed Planting Methods." Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 7, no. 3 (February 15, 2004): 412–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2004.412.414.
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Motta, Laura. "Planting the seed of Rome." Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 11, no. 1-2 (June 2002): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003340200008.
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Bhardwaj, Harbans L., and Anwar A. Hamama. "Protein and Mineral Composition of Tepary Bean Seed." HortScience 39, no. 6 (October 2004): 1363–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.6.1363.
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Tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray), a native of southwestern U.S., is a promising plant for crop diversification and for production in short rotations with wheat. However, protein and mineral concentrations in tepary bean seed produced outside the southwestern U.S. are largely unknown. We evaluated concentrations of protein and various minerals in seed produced by eight tepary bean genotypes planted at three different dates each during 1997 and 1998 at Ettrick, Virginia. Significant year × planting date and year × genotype interactions existed for protein and other traits. Protein and zinc concentrations increased and calcium concentrations decreased with later plantings during both years. Mid-June planting had 14% higher protein concentration (24.5%) than late-May planting (21.4%) and mid-July planting had 6% higher protein concentration (25.9%) than mid-June planting. Color of seedcoat was not associated with concentrations of protein or minerals. The average concentrations of boron, calcium, copper, iron, potassium, magnesium, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, and zinc (mg/100g) were: 1, 184, 1, 11, 1531, 192, 3, 451, 311, 4, respectively. Tepary bean seeds contained 24% protein as compared to reported average values of 22.3% in navy, 22.5% in red kidney, and 20.9% in pinto bean. The average iron concentration (mg/100g) in tepary bean seed (10.7) was higher than that in navy (6.4), red kidney (6.7), and pinto (5.9) bean. Based on protein and mineral concentrations tepary bean seed compared well with seeds of navy, red kidney, or pinto bean.
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Piccinni, G., J. M. Shriver, and C. M. Rush. "Relationship Among Seed Size, Planting Date, and Common Root Rot in Hard Red Winter Wheat." Plant Disease 85, no. 9 (September 2001): 973–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2001.85.9.973.
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A dryland field study was conducted to determine the effect of seed size and planting date of hard red winter wheat on the severity of common root rot caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoemaker. Seed of cvs. Hawk, TAM 200, TAM 107, Scout 66, and Siouxland 89 were separated into three size categories of small, mixed, and large and were planted in the first weeks of September and October 1994 and 1995. Disease ratings for incidence and severity of subcrown internode infections were made in March and at harvest. At harvest, grain yields were collected. In both years of the study, there was no interaction between seed size and cultivars for any of the measured variables. Overall, seed size had no effect on disease severity or grain yield for either year. However, when sorted by planting date, plants from small seed yielded less than plants from other seed. October plantings showed lower disease indices than September plantings at the March evaluation. At the harvest disease evaluation, there were no differences in disease severity between planting dates for the first year but, in the second year of the study, plants from the October planting had lower disease than those from the September planting. There was no significant correlation among seed size, final yield, and disease index. The results of this study suggest that the expense of planting higher-quality certified seed cannot be justified for producing hard red winter wheat in dryland conditions in the Texas Panhandle, considering the current price of wheat and the average dryland yield.
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Marr, Charles W. "A Planting Template for Plug Flats." HortTechnology 1, no. 1 (October 1991): 120–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.1.1.120.
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Seedlings are established in small growing containers to reduce cost of greenhouse space, while improving crop uniformity. These seedlings often are referred to as plugs. Vacuum seeders are used by larger growers to seed many flats per season (Bakos, 1983); however, individual growers, producing plants for their own use, may not be able to justify expensive seeding equipment. Several moderately priced vacuum seeders are available (Bartok, 1988). They consist of a metal tray with small drilled holes to hold the seed in place when a vacuum is applied to the tray from an external source. However, several problems with them exist. Seeds must be free of extraneous materials that might clog the small holes. A slight jarring of the plate, especially when the plate is turned upside down over the seed flat, may cause seeds to dislodge, resulting in unplanted cells in each flat. Also, different sizes of seeds and flats require completely different seeding plates and plate holders. A small grower may choose to seed flats by hand by placing seeds individually in each cell. This is feasible only for large-sized seeds or with pelleted seed. A simple, inexpensive, non-vacuum alternative design is presented and evaluated.
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KALRA, A., T. N. PARAMESWARAN, N. S. RAVINDRA, M. GOPAL RAO, and SUSHIL KUMAR. "Effects of planting date and dinocap applications on the control of powdery mildew and yields of seed and seed oil in coriander." Journal of Agricultural Science 135, no. 2 (September 2000): 193–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859699008011.
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Experiments were conducted during 1992/93 and 1993/94 to determine the effect of different planting dates and dinocap applications on control of powdery mildew and yields of early and late maturing coriander cultivars. Early plantings resulted in lower overall disease severity values for both the cultivars, but the late maturing cultivar S-33 benefited more than RD-44, an early maturing cultivar. Early planting resulted in smaller increases in yield in RD-44 but provided considerable economic gains in S-33. Further, it was possible to achieve similar levels of control of powdery mildew and yields in coriander with fewer dinocap applications by early plantings of both the cultivars. Therefore, to reduce the fungicide inputs, it is important that emphasis should be placed on early plantings for managing powdery mildew especially in environments conducive for its development.
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Tuna, Doğan, and Zeybek Ahmet. "Improving the traditional sesame seed planting with seed pelleting." African Journal of Biotechnology 8, no. 22 (November 16, 2009): 6120–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajb09.176.
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Wagiman, Rejo, and Yohanes Hendro Agus. "THE EFFECT OF PLANTING TIMES, USING STRAW MULCH, AND PLANTING REFUGIA AGAINSTGROWTH AND YIELD OF CORN (Zea mays L.) NK 6326 VARIETY, IT’S PESTS AND DISEASE PATHOGENS AND NATURAL ENEMIES." Agric 29, no. 2 (December 11, 2017): 147–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.24246/agric.2017.v29.i2.p147-157.
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Research on the effect of planting times, using straw, and planting refugia against growth and yield of corn (Zea mays L.) NK 6326variety, it’s pest and diasaes and natural enemies had been conducted in Tulung sub-district, Klaten district, Central Java province.The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of two different planting time based on “pranata mangsa” time (local wisdom) and farmer’s planting time which were combined with using straw and planting refugia against growth and yield of corn, it’s pest and diseases, it’s natural enemies population. This research used a Strip Plot Design with two main treatments with four additional treatments, and five replications. The main treatments were planting time based on farmer habit (A1) and planting time bades on “pranata mangsa” or ancient local wisdom (A2). Additional treatments included: using straw mulch and planting “refugia” (B1), using only straw mulch (B2), planting only “refugia” (B3), and without using straw mulch and without planting “refugia” (B4). The result of the experiment were analyzed by using the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and the Honestly Significance Difference (HSD) test at 95% confidence level. The result of this research showed that: (1) planting time based on farmer’s habit were higher than the planting time based on “pranata Mangsa” against plant height, wet weight of mass, dry weight of mass, weight of seded per cob, weight of seed per plot seed weight per hectare, and 1000 grains weight,(2) planting time based on farmer’s habit combined with using straw mulch and planting “refugia” were higer than planting time based on “pranata mangsa” combined with using straw mulch and palnting refugia against plant height, cob length, wet weight of mass, dry weigt of mass, total number of seed per ear, weight of seeds per cob, weight seeds per plot, weight of seed per hectare, and weight of 1000 grains, (3) planting refugia can increase the natural enemy population.
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Абрамов and Aleksandr Abramov. "FORMATION OF BEET UTERINE ROOTS, DEPENDING ON CROPPING TIME AND PLANTATION DENSITY." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 9, no. 1 (September 7, 2014): 84–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/3815.
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A development of adaptive methods of beet cultivation for seed in Kama region of the Republic of Tatarstan previously didn’t held, that served as the basis for research on assessing the impact of sowing time, the formation plantings density of uterine roots, landing roots with various schemes and planting roots mass on seed production of red beet with good sowing qualities of seeds is relevant. Introduction the technology elements of beet cultivation for seed will ensure demand for rural producers on locally conditioned grain. As the plantings density of red beet roots increased, there was a decrease in available moisture at meter soil layer, and greater use of water for crop formation is not dependent on the sowing, occurred at sowing seed rate 555 thousands per hectare. The maximum consumption of plant nutrients and their defeat by root beetle occurs during early planting and use of higher seeding rates. The maximum yield of uterine roots (33.9 tons per hectare) was obtained, when at sowing in May 20, with a seeding rate of 444 thousands units per hectare.
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Hill, H. J. "SEED PELLETING-HISTORY AND MODERN FUNDAMENTALS." HortScience 29, no. 12 (December 1994): 1408d—1408. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.12.1408d.
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The use and improvement of pelleted seed technology has greatly expanded in the last 15 years. Vegetable and flower seeds are pelleted to improve the singulation and planting placement in the field and greenhouse. Improved planting placement increases final-stand establishment, crop uniformity, and decreases seed and production costs. The commercial history of pelleted seed in the U.S. started after WWII with the development of the clay pellet by Filtrol Inc. Seed tablets and seed tape technologies were also developed but faded from the industry with the advent of better pelleted products. Current technology consists of a “splitting” seed pellet that allows for improved oxygenation. Improved technology also allows for pellet weights that can be tailored to meet the planting requirements of different species and planting systems.
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McGee, Sean, Melissa Whitfield-Aslund, Daiana Duca, Nicole Kopysh, Tereza Dan, Loren Knopper, and Larry Brewer. "Field evaluation of the potential for avian exposure to clothianidin following the planting of clothianidin-treated corn seed." PeerJ 6 (November 7, 2018): e5880. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5880.
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The objective of this study was to quantify consumption of clothianidin-treated corn seed by birds following standard planting practices. Based on post-planting seed counts on 21 fields in southwestern Ontario, Canada, between 29 and 813 seeds/ha (mean of 224 ± 167 (SD)) were estimated to remain on the soil surface immediately post planting (i.e., less than one seed per 10 m2). This represents between 0.03 and 1.2% of the total sown seeds. The number of seeds missing on each field on the third day after planting as a result of any process (e.g., removal by foraging birds or mammals or burial as a result of heavy rains) ranged from 0 to 136 seeds/ha (0 to 0.0136 seeds/m2). Behavior monitoring of individual birds and 24 h remote video surveillance were deployed to investigate how much of the treated seed remaining on the soil surface was consumed by birds. Spotting scopes were used to monitor the full duration of the field visits of 596 individual birds during morning hours for three consecutive days after planting on the 21 fields. Two birds were observed consuming treated seeds (one seed each) and three birds consumed seeds for which the treatment status could not be visually confirmed. Additionally, constant (24 h) video surveillance for 2–4 days immediately after planting was deployed at 24 areas where multiple treated seeds were found on the soil surface. Across 1,380 h of collected video footage (including both day and night periods), no birds were observed to consume any treated seeds. This study provides field evidence of two factors that determine exposure of birds to clothianidin-treated corn seeds: (1) standard sowing practices in Ontario are effective at burying treated seeds such that the proportion of sown seeds that remain on the soil surface after planting is low, and (2) birds monitored on these fields consumed very few of the clothianidin-treated corn seeds remaining on the soil surface after planting. As these results are dependent on planting techniques and seed characteristics, they are not necessarily applicable to other types of clothianidin treated seed.
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Leskovar, Daniel I., and A. Kipp Boales. "Spatial Arrangement for Daikon Seed Production." HortScience 31, no. 4 (August 1996): 573b—573. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.573b.
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Seed production systems for daikon or Chinese winter radish (Raphanus sativus L., Longipinnatus Group) were investigated in the Winter Garden of southwest Texas in 1992 and 1993. Planting dates ranged from October through March. Bed configurations (number of rows × bed spacings) were 2 × 0.96 m, 2 × 1.93 m, 3 × 1.93 m, and 4 × 1.93 m. Within-row spacings were 5, 10, and 15 cm. Crops were grown using minimum fungicide and insecticide amounts, while no attempt was made to control weeds chemically. Seed was harvested between May and June. Seed yields (kg·ha–1) increased for planting dates of October to November. Lower seed yields from the January or later plantings appear to be related to increased disease and insect pressures. Total and medium class size (≥3 and ≤4 mm in diameter) seed yields were highest at 40 rows × 1.93 m bed spacings and 10 cm within-row plant spacings. Germination and percent coatless seeds were unaffected by bed configuration and within-row plant spacings. The closest within-row spacings (5 cm) increased the risk of plant lodging and delayed plant maturity.
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Wrather, J. A., D. A. Sleper, W. E. Stevens, J. G. Shannon, and R. F. Wilson. "Planting Date and Cultivar Effects on Soybean Yield, Seed Quality, and Phomopsis sp. Seed Infection." Plant Disease 87, no. 5 (May 2003): 529–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2003.87.5.529.
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Incidence of Phomopsis seed decay is frequently high and quality low in seed from early-maturing maturity group III and IV soybean cultivars planted in early to mid-April in the southern United States. Cultivars resistant to this disease have not been available until the recent release of germ plasm lines SS 93-6012 and SS 93-6181. Our objective was to determine the effects of planting dates with these lines and one Phomopsis seed decay-susceptible soybean cultivar, Asgrow 3834, on seed infection by Phomopsis spp. and on yield and the correlation between percentage of Asgrow 3834 infected with Phomopsis spp. and seed quality. Generally, yields averaged over years were significantly greater for mid-April than mid-June plantings, and yields of cultivars were similar within a planting date. Soybean lines SS 93-6012 and SS 93-6181 were highly resistant to Phomopsis seed decay compared with the susceptible cultivar, Asgrow 3834. There was a significant, negative correlation between germination of seed from mid-April plantings of Asgrow 3834 and percentage of these seed infected with Phomopsis spp. Moreover, there were significant correlations between fatty acid composition of Asgrow 3834 seed and the percentage of these seed infected with Phomopsis spp. This altered composition of fatty acids may be responsible for reduced quality of oil derived from seed infected with this fungus. Phomopsis seed decay-resistant soybean lines SS 93-6012 and SS 93-6181 should be useful in breeding programs focused on developing high-yielding cultivars resistant to this disease.
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Firman, D. M., and E. J. Allen. "Transmission of Helminthosporium solani from potato seed tubers and effects of soil conditions, seed inoculum and seed physiology on silver scurf disease." Journal of Agricultural Science 124, no. 2 (April 1995): 219–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600072890.
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SUMMARYThe transmission of silver scurf (Helminthosporium solani) disease of potatoes was examined in field experiments at Cambridge University Farm in 1988–90. Treatment factors examined were seed size, seed age, seed incubation, soil moisture regime and planting date. A laboratory experiment investigated the viability of conidia of Helminthosporium in soil stored under different conditions.Incubation of seed at high humidity before planting increased sporulation of Helminthosporium on seed tubers after planting and fewer conidia were produced from small seed than from larger seed. Delay in planting caused more rapid growth of Helminthosporium on seed tubers after planting.Early planting and late harvesting increased the severity of silver scurf on progeny tubers. Severity of silver scurf was also increased by ageing seed and by incubating seed. Weight loss of potato tubers during storage tended to be greater from treatments with most severe silver scurf in all years but a significant linear regression of weight loss on silver scurf severity was found in only one year out of three from a late harvest. The viability of conidia added to soil was found to decrease rapidly so that by 10 weeks after addition, < 1% of conidia were apparently viable.
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Mahoney, D. J., D. L. Jordan, R. L. Brandenburg, B. B. Shew, B. R. Royals, M. D. Inman, and A. T. Hare. "Influence of Planting Date, Fungicide Seed Treatment, and Phorate on Peanut in North Carolina." Peanut Science 46, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3146/ps18-10.1.
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ABSTRACT Establishing an adequate stand of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) and minimizing the negative impact of tobacco thrips [Frankliniella fusca (Hinds)] is important for maximizing yield in both organic and conventional production systems. The incidence, severity, and impact of soil borne pathogens and thrips populations on peanut may be influenced by planting date, fungicide seed treatment, and/or systemic insecticide application. However, the interaction of these management techniques has not been investigated in North Carolina with Virginia market type cultivars to date. As such, research was conducted over four years in North Carolina to determine peanut stand, injury caused by tobacco thrips feeding, and pod yield as influenced by planting date (early, mid-, and late-May), fungicide seed treatment, and phorate applied in the seed furrow at planting. Peanut stand increased when planting fungicide-treated seed compared to non-treated seed, although the magnitude of this effect lessened with later May plantings. Regardless of phorate treatment, less thrips injury was noted when peanut was planted in mid- or late-May compared with early May in three of four years. Yet the addition of phorate in-furrow further reduced thrips injury at every planting date. Peanut yield increased 75% and 50% of the time when seed was treated with fungicide and phorate was applied in the seed furrow at planting, respectively. Yield was generally greater when peanut was planted in mid-May and late-May compared to planting in early May irrespective of fungicide seed treatment or phorate treatment. Peanut stand was negatively and positively correlated with observed thrips injury and peanut yield, respectively. Additionally, peanut yield was negatively correlated to thrips injury. These data suggest that conventional producers should utilize treated seed and phorate in-furrow for thrips management regardless of planting date and that organic producers should plant in late May to minimize negative impacts of thrips and soil borne pathogens.
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Gan, Y., and E. H. Stobbe. "Effect of variations in seed size and planting depth on emergence, infertile plants, and grain yield of spring wheat." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 75, no. 3 (July 1, 1995): 565–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps95-098.
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Crop yield can be improved by minimizing plant-to-plant variability in seedling emergence. A study was conducted to determine the effect of variations in seed size and planting depth within a plot on emergence, proportion of infertile plants and grain yield in hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Large seed (40.8 mg kernel−1) was hand planted at 25-, 50- and 75-mm depths, creating three uniform seed size - planting depth treatments. Three other treatments consisted of repeating patterns within the same row: three large seeds and one small seed (23.4 mg kernel−1) at each of 25-, 50- and 75-mm depths. Two additional treatments consisted of 1) three seeds planted 25 mm deep and one seed planted 50 mm deep and 2) three seeds planted 25 mm deep and one seed planted 75 mm deep within the same row. Variation in seed size or planting depth within a row had no impact on percentage emergence, but nonuniform planting depth increased the proportion of infertile plants, mainly as a result of late-emerging plants. On a single-plant basis, mainstem grain yields were relatively uniform, but tiller grain yields were highly variable. When small and large seeds were planted 75 mm deep within a plot, the small-seeded plants produced 34% lower tiller grain yield than neighbouring large-seeded plants, while the large-seeded plants produced 10% higher tiller grain yield than plants from a treatment in which only large seeds were planted. Thus, the variation in seed size within a plot had no impact on total grain yield per plot. When seed was planted at variable depths within a plot, grain yield per plant produced by deep-seeded (75 mm) plants was only 20% of that produced by neighbouring shallow-seeded (25 mm) plants and was only 26% of that produced by plants where all seeds were planted deep (75 mm). Within-plot variation in planting depth increased the proportion of infertile plants (up to 158%) and decreased the grain yield. To maximize grain yield in hard red spring wheat, seed should be planted at uniform, shallow planting depth. Key words: Seed size, planting depth, emergence, fertile plants, interplant variation
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Keeley, Paul E., Robert J. Thullen, and Charles H. Carter. "Influence of Planting Date on Growth of Ivyleaf Morningglory (Ipomoea hederacea) in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)." Weed Science 34, no. 6 (November 1986): 906–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500068089.
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Ivyleaf morningglory [Ipomoea hederacea(L.) Jacq. # IPOHE], planted in 1984 and 1985 the first of each month from April through August, began emerging in cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL. ‘Acala SJ-2’) 1 week after planting. Morningglory, at a density of 1 plant/2 m of row, emerging in April and May became so competitive to cotton by harvest in September that the total crop was lost. June plantings, although less competitive than earlier plantings, still reduced yields by 11%. Later plantings did not reduce yields of cotton. Morningglory plantings that produced seed (April through July) began flowering within 7 weeks, and viable seed was collected for the first time 9 weeks after planting. Ivyleaf morningglory plants that emerged in April and May produced about 11 000 seed/plant by cotton harvest. This compared to 3000 and 93 seed/plant for morningglory that emerged in June and July, respectively. The earliest that morningglory might be expected to produce seed in cotton planted in early April would be late May to early June, and morningglory emerging as late as the first of July could produce some seed by cotton harvest.
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Bracy, Regina P., Richard L. Parish, and E. B. Moser. "Planting Cauliflower to a Stand with Precision Seeding." HortScience 30, no. 3 (June 1995): 484–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.3.484.
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Field studies were conducted in Fall 1991 and 1992 to determine 1) if cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. Botrytis Group) could be precision-seeded to a stand without subsequent thinning and 2) the optimum seed spacing necessary to directly seed cauliflower to a stand. Seed spacings of 10, 20, and 30 cm at one seed per hill and 30 cm at two seeds per hill were evaluated for effect on yield, head weight, plant population, and early harvest percentage. As evaluated in the laboratory, seeder precision (accuracy) was good in regard to seed counts and spacing measurements at the various seed spacings. In the field, seeder precision varied in distribution patterns among seed spacings and years. Cauliflower directly seeded at one seed per hill and a 20-cm spacing produced yields and head weights similar to cauliflower seeded 10 cm apart and thinned to 30 cm—the seeding method currently used by some commercial operators.
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Bracy, Regina P., Richard L. Parish, Paul E. Bergeron, E. B. Moser, and R. J. Constantin. "Planting Cabbage to a Stand with Precision Seeding." HortScience 28, no. 3 (March 1993): 179–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.28.3.179.
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Field studies were conducted in Spring 1989 and 1990 to determine if cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. Capitata Group) could be precision-seeded to a stand without subsequent thinning and to determine the optimum seed spacing necessary to seed cabbage directly to a stand. Seed spacings of 10, 20, and 30 cm at one seed per hill and 30 cm at two seeds per hill were evaluated for effect on yield, head weight, plant population, and harvest percentage. Seeder precision (accuracy) with regard to seed counts and spacing measurements at the various seed spacings, as evaluated in the laboratory, was good. Seeder precision evaluated in the field varied in distribution patterns among seed spacings and years. Cabbage directly seeded at one seed per hill and a 30-cm spacing produced yields and head weights similar to or higher than cabbage seeded 10 cm apart and thinned to 30 cm-the seeding method currently used by some commercial operators.
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Popov, Anton Yu. "Simulation of Square Cluster Planting." Engineering Technologies and Systems 30, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 524–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2658-4123.030.202004.524-549.
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Introduction. For cultivated crops, the optimal form of spacing is square form, which is provided by the square cluster method of planting. Currently, due to the high metal consumption and low productivity, this method of planting has been replaced with a single-seed planting one. But this does not solve the problem of rational distribution of seeds in the field, so the problem of plant spacing with the use of the optimal square form of spacing is relevant. The aim of the study is to develop and analyze a simulation model of square cluster planting based on an algorithm for controlling the executive mechanisms of the seeder sections using devices for local coordination of the seeding apparatus. Materials and Methods. A programmable square cluster planting using local coordination of the seeding apparatus and an algorithm for its realization are considered. The article describes the construction of a simulation model of sowing planting in Simulink Matlab with justification of its elements. The seed spreading in furrows and the seeder variable speed are taken into account. The number of pulses per revolution of the encoder shaft is theoretically justified. Results. The graphs of the distance traveled, positions coordinates of the flap opening and control signals depending on the time are constructed. The analysis of the encoder settings is carried out. When varied the plant spacing and the coordinates of the first flap opening, the dimension of the last seed cluster changes in the range from –2.6 ∙ 10–3 to 2.7 ∙ 10–3 m. With the increase in the seeder speed from 1.5 to 3.0 m/s, the mathematical expectation of the seed cluster dimensions increase from 0.054 to 0.218 m, and the coefficient of variation decreases from 61.2 to 15.0%. Discussion and Conclusion. The analysis of the simulation model of the square cluster planting showed that the algorithm for controlling executive mechanisms together with the local coordination system works adequately and provides high precision of placing seed clusters in the field. The dependences of the optimal number of pulses per an encoder shaft revolution on the specified seed spacing and radius of the track measuring wheel are determined. It was determined that the maximum dimension of the last seed cluster does not exceed 2.7 mm per 1 000 m (for x = 0.3 m and t = 0.7 m). It was found that the precision of the distribution of seed clusters in the field is determined more by the seeder speed than by the settings of the measuring device.
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Shirani Rad, Amir Hosein, Nasser Shahsavari, and Nadia Safavi Fard. "Response of Canola Advanced Lines to Delay Plantings upon Late Season Drought Stress." Journal of Scientific Agriculture 1 (December 19, 2017): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.25081/jsa.2017.v1.837.
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In order to evaluation of canola advanced lines response to delay plantings under late season drought stress conditions, an experiment was carried out in a factorial split-plot arrangement based on RCBD with three replications during two years (2012-2014) in Karaj of Iran. Treatments were; (1): Planting date in two levels (16 October and 1 November), (2): irrigation, in two levels (I1: normal irrigation as control and I2: restricted irrigation after pod formation stage) as main plots and (3): twelve oilseed rape genotypes as sub plots such as BAL2, BAL1, BAL3, BAL6, BAL8, BAL9, BAL11, BAL15, L72, R15, L109 and Okapi. The interaction effects of planting date, irrigation and genotype on pod number per plant, seed number per pod, 1000-seed weight, seed yield, and oil yield were significant at 1% level probability. The maximum seed yield under planting at the appropriate time (16 October), normal irrigation and drought stress conditions (restricted irrigation after pod formation stage) was observed in Okapi and L109, respectively). Among genotypes, R15 line under delay planting (1 November) and both normal irrigation and drought stress conditions (restricted irrigation after pod formation stage) showed the maximum seed yield.
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Bracy, R. P., R. L. Parish, and E. B. Moser. "PRECISION SEEDING FOR PLANTING CAULIFLOWER TO A STAND." HortScience 30, no. 3 (June 1995): 427d—427. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.3.427d.
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Field studies were conducted in Fall 1991 and 1992 to determine if cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. Botrytis Group) could be precision seeded to a stand without subsequent thinning and what the optimum seed spacing necessary to directly seed cauliflower to a stand. Seed spacings of 10, 20, and 30 cm at one seed per hill and 30 cm at two seeds per hill were evaluated for effect on yield, head weight, plant population, and early harvest percentage. As evaluated in the laboratory, seeder precision (accuracy) was good with regard to seed counts and spacing measurements at the various seed spacings. Seeder precision evaluated in the field varied in distribution patterns among seed spacings and years. Cauliflower was successfully precision seeded to a stand without thinning during 2 years of fall plantings. Cauliflower directly seeded at one seed per hill and a 20-cm spacing produced total and average head weights similar to cauliflower seeded 10 cm apart and thinned to 30 cm—the seeding method currently used by some commercial operators.
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Russo, Vincent, and Aristotel Pappelis. "SENESCENCE IN SWEETCORN." HortScience 28, no. 4 (April 1993): 270F—270. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.28.4.270f.
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Fungi can colonize senescent sweet corn (Zea mays var. rugosa Bonaf.) tissue. Senescence levels of tissues can be rated. Effects of four planting dates on senescence of standard (su, cv. Merit), and supersweet (sh2, cv. Florida Staysweet) corn at fresh market and seed harvest were determined. Stalk senescence was affected by cultivar (sh2 < su) and planting date (earliest was lowest). Shank senescence was affected by cultivar (fresh market < seed harvest) and planting date (lowest for plants of the earliest and latest plantings). Cob senescence was not affected by cultivar, slightly lower at fresh market than seed harvest, and lower for plants of the later than earlier planting dates. In a second experiment senescence was rated during development of sh2 cultivars. Formation of reproductive structures increased senescence rate. Cultivar had little effect on stalk and cob senescence at fresh market harvest. The cv. `Honey'n Pearl' had the lowest shank senescence rating. Delayed senescence should be incorporated in to corn genotypes.
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Balasubramanian, P., A. Vandenberg, and P. Hucl. "Planting date and suboptimal seedbed temperature effects on dry bean establishment, phenology and yield." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 84, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p02-185.
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Seedbed temperatures below 15°C are detrimental to dry bean germination and emergence. This field study was conducted to determine the effects of suboptimal seedbed temperatures on dry bean emergence, and the cumulative effects of suboptimal seedbed temperatures during emergence on crop phenology and yield. Selected dry bean cultivars were planted in mid- and late May when seedbed temperatures were below and above the suboptimal temperature (15°C), respectively, at Saskatoon, SK. Emergence, cumulative thermal units to anthesis and maturity, seed yield, yield components and percent frost-damaged seeds were evaluated in 1999 and 2000. The final seedling count at 30 d after planting was 81% for the mid-May planting and 94% for the late May planting. However, the difference in plant stand was not statistically significant. Year-to-year differences in weather influenced the response of dry bean to planting date for maturity and seed yield. The mid-May planting produced the highest seed yield in 1999, when the two indeterminate cultivars in the late May planting failed to mature prior to the mid September frost. The mid-September frost also resulted in a high percent frost-damaged seeds for the late May planting. In 2000, when the first fall frost was in late September, maturity and seed yield of dry bean cultivars were equivalent for planting dates. The mid-May planted dry bean cultivars will result in higher seed yield and quality compared to the conventional late May planting in years with an early fall frost. Key words: Dry bean, seeding date, low temperature, emergence, maturity
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Lafond, G. P., B. Irvine, A. M. Johnston, W. E. May, D. W. McAndrew, S. J. Shirtliffe, and F. C. Stevenson. "Impact of agronomic factors on seed yield formation and quality in flax." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 88, no. 3 (May 1, 2008): 485–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps07112.
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Flaxseed is known to have significant health benefits in human nutrition and when included in animal rations. There is pressing need to improve flaxseed production to meet the growing demand. The objective was to study the effects of three seeding rates (22, 45 and 67 kg ha-1), two seeding dates (early May and late May), three rates of nitrogen (66, 100 and 133% of recommended) and three cultivars (Norlin, AC McDuff and CDC Valour) and at five locations representative of the flax-growing area of the Canadian prairies from 1999 to 2001. The variables of interest were plant density, seed yield and yield formation, seed oil content and oil quality. Plant establishment was always highest with Norlin, but bolls m-2 was similar between the three cultivars. Plant density was always highest with the later plantings. No overall effect of seeding date was observed on grain yield, but the site-year by seeding date interaction showed that the later planting was favoured by the most northerly sites and early planting at the most southerly sites. The sites intermediate in latitude showed little response to seeding date. This finding provides important information with respect to the inclusion of flax in cropping systems depending on the latitude and deciding on the order of planting. Later planting resulted in a small decrease in oil content. Seed yields were increased with seeding rates going from 22 to 45 kg ha-1, which corresponded to plant populations > 300 plants m-2, with no increases thereafter. Increases in seeding rates always reduced the number of bolls plant-1 with little effect on seeds boll-1. Seeding rate had no effect on seed oil quantity and quality and maturity. A seed yield increase was observed with nitrogen when going from 66 to 100% of the recommended rate with no increases past 100%. Adding nitrogen resulted in a small drop in seed oil content. The seeding date × nitrogen rate interaction revealed a lack of response to nitrogen with the later planting date beyond 66% of the recommended N rate, suggesting reduced nitrogen rates with later plantings are possible. The absence of a site-year by seeding date by nitrogen rate interaction implies that findings of this study can be applied to a wide geographical area. In conclusion, attention needs to be given to seeding rates to target plant density > 300 plants m-2. Even with the high seeding rates, the target plant population was achieved only 60 and 73% of the time for the early and late planting, respectively. Using soil test recommendations for nitrogen will maximize seed yields under most situations. Best agronomic practices to maximize seed yield were found to maintain adequate seed oil quality and quantity. Key words: Linum usitatissimum L., nitrogen rate, seeding rate, seeding date, cultivar
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Mikheyev, Vladimir V., Petr A. Eremin, Vitaliy N. Zernov, and Sergey N. Petukhov. "Mechanization of Root Crop Seed Production Technologies." Agricultural Machinery and Technologies 12, no. 6 (December 24, 2018): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2073-7599-2018-12-6-31-37.
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Abstract.The sugar beet seed production is currently employing a non-planting-and-transplant technology with the use of steklings. Planting units of the machines available on the market feature a number of drawbacks: low productivity, possible injuring of root crops, and increased labor intensity of operators. (Research purpose) To develop a universal design and parameters of an increased-productivity unit for planting steklings of sugar beet and other root crops. (Materials and methods) The design scheme and type of a planting unit have been chosen according to the requirements of applicability and versatility. Its preferred design parameters have been calculated as well. A prototype machine with a universal planting unit in the form of a cellular disk has been developed and manufactured in test production. (Results and discussion) The conducted field experiments proved the versatility of a planting machine with a disc-type unit used for planting root crops, including dimensional characteristics corresponding to those of steklings. The authors have found that when replacing a disk with a different number of cells of different sizes, the machine is suitable for planting a number of similar crops. A removable disk with 12-16 cells has been installed, with its angular speed decreased to 0.393-1.180 radian per second, which is lower as compared to the existing machines. Satisfactory agrotechnical tolerances have been provided for carrot planting in the soil at a depth of 12 cm, a step of 30 cm, and a deviation from the vertical of 110. The intensity of root crop laying in the cells of a seeding disk has been increased to 1-3 pcs. per second. (Conclusions) It has been found that the machine and the planting unit can increase the working speed up to 1.0 meter per second and reduce the labor intensity of operators to the level of safety requirements. The use of universal machines in the breeding and seed production of root crops will reduce the range of the applied machines and operating costs of farm enterprises.
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Webb, D. R., P. M. L. Hessney, and C. J. Eckenrode. "Seed Maggot Control on Sweet Corn, 1995." Arthropod Management Tests 21, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/21.1.114.
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Abstract Two varieties of sweet corn seeds were planted 23 Jun at the Fruit and Vegetable Research Farm near Geneva, NY. Plots were single rows 25 ft long replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. All seeds were planted using a hand pushed “V” belt seeder at the rate of 100 seeds/25 ft. Seeds were treated before planting with Captan 75 at the rate of 1 ¾ oz dry formulation/seed cwt to minimize seed rots induced by various soil fungi. Insecticides were applied at planting either in-furrow or as a “T” band. Rows were baited by hand with about a cup/row of meat and bone meal immediately after planting to increase fly oviposition. Injury was determined by digging 25 new seedlings with seeds still attached on 10 Jul and inspecting each seed remnant for the presence of SM larvae and/or feeding injury.
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Gunavant, Pradip S., Sarfraj J. Mulani, Vishal N. Gandhe, Gurunath Shinde, and Vinayak D. Yadav. "Farm Mechanization by using Seed Planting Machine." IARJSET 4, no. 1 (January 6, 2017): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.17148/iarjset/ncdmete.2017.19.
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Weaver, Krystalyn. "Planting a seed: Funding pharmacy-based projects." Pharmacy Today 19, no. 2 (February 2013): 48–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1042-0991(15)31526-7.
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Berkenkamp, B., and E. Z. Jan. "A planting template for seed treatment trials." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 71, no. 3 (July 1, 1991): 851–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps91-119.
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To reduce variation of seedling emergence in chemical seed treatment trials, a template and frame unit was designed, constructed and tested with seed of various crops. This system controlled the depth of seed placement. Variability in seeding depth was less with the template than with a Swift Current power seeder and a hand-pushed cone seeder. Key words: Seeding, method, depth control
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Iacomi, Cristian, and Octavian Popescu. "A New Concept for Seed Precision Planting." Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia 6 (2015): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aaspro.2015.08.035.
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Borlot, Felippe, and Danielle M. Andrade. "Epilepsy Transition: Let's start planting the seed." European Journal of Paediatric Neurology 20, no. 4 (July 2016): 684–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpn.2016.04.006.
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Coons, Janice. "INFLUENCE OF PRODUCTION ENVIRONMENT ON SEED VIGOR." HortScience 29, no. 12 (December 1994): 1408b—1408. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.12.1408b.
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The environment that seeds experience during development, storage, and planting significantly affects seed vigor. Yet, relatively few studies have focused on how environment during seed development affects seed vigor. Our objective was to compare vigor of seeds developed in summer vs. winter. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) seeds from six cultivars were developed in summer and winter at Yuma, Ariz. Seed vigor of these seedlots was compared using field plantings and growth chambers (at 20, 25, 30, and 35C). Seed vigor was greater for seed produced during summer than for that produced during winter, based on greater field emergence, higher germination percentages, and longer roots. These seedlot differences in vigor were greatest at 35C. Another way to estimate seed vigor is by ion leakage from seeds. Fewer ions leaked from seeds produced in summer than from those produced in winter. Thus, lettuce seed is more vigorous when produced in summer than in winter, and ion leakage is a good indicator of that vigor.
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Keeley, Paul E., and Robert J. Thullen. "Influence of Planting Date on Growth of Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli)." Weed Science 37, no. 4 (July 1989): 557–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500072404.
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Barnyardgrass seeded in field plots at monthly intervals from March through October at Shatter, CA, began to emerge in March when soil temperatures reached 17 C at a depth of 5 cm. For all plantings, most of the seeds germinated and produced seedlings within 2 weeks. Increasing day lengths favored vegetative growth, with April, May, and June plantings producing the tallest plants, the most dry matter, and the largest number of tillers. July and August plantings, the first to flower, began flowering and producing seeds within 5 to 6 weeks after planting, but the greatest number of seeds (15 000 to 25 000/plant) was produced by the larger plants of the April, May, and June plantings. September plantings produced few seeds/plant (37), when compared to March (5900), July (9800), and August (9700) plantings. The earliest that seed production would be expected from seedlings emerging in March and April would be early June, and seedlings emerging in September could produce seeds before killing frosts.
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Mester, Thomas C., and Douglas D. Buhler. "Effect of Planting Depth on Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) Seedling Development and Response to Cyanazine." Weed Science 38, no. 1 (January 1990): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500056071.
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Experiments were conducted in a growth chamber to determine the effects of planting depth on the developmental sequence of velvetleaf seedlings and the effect of cyanazine placement relative to velvetleaf planting depth on cyanazine toxicity. Velvetleaf seedling emergence was delayed when seeds were planted 6 cm deep compared to the 2- and 4-cm planting depths. Lateral roots did not appear until after the cotyledons had emerged and expanded. This was followed by secondary root emergence from the primary root which occurred before adventitious roots appeared from the hypocotyl for the 2- and 4-cm planting depths. The first true leaf did not unfold until after the secondary root system was well developed. The quantity of adventitious roots on the hypocotyl increased with increasing planting depth. Velvetleaf adventitious roots appeared to be involved in cyanazine toxicity when cyanazine was placed above the seed. Increasing planting depth increased the proportion of seedling absorptive tissue above compared to below the seed. This resulted in increased cyanazine exposure for the deeper planted velvetleaf seeds when herbicide was placed above the seed.
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Teekachunhatean, Supanimit, Nutthiya Hanprasertpong, and Thawatchai Teekachunhatean. "Factors Affecting Isoflavone Content in Soybean Seeds Grown in Thailand." International Journal of Agronomy 2013 (2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/163573.
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Soybeans are the most common source of isoflavones in human foods. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of Thai soybean variety, planting date, physical seed quality, storage condition, planting location, and crop year on isoflavone content, as well as to analyze the relationship between seed viability and isoflavone content in soybean seeds grown in Thailand. Isoflavone content in Thai soybeans varied considerably depending on such factors as variety, physical seed quality, crop year, planting date (even in the same crop year), and planting location. Most varieties (except for Nakhon Sawan 1 and Sukhothai 1) had significantly higher isoflavone content when planted in early rather than in late dry season. Additionally, seed viability as well as long-term storage at10∘Cor at ambient condition seemed unlikely to affect isoflavone content in Thai soybean varieties. Isoflavone content in soybean seeds grown in Thailand depends on multiple genetic and environmental factors. Some varieties (Nakhon Sawan 1 and Sukhothai 1) exhibited moderately high isoflavone content regardless of sowing date. Soybeans with decreased seed viability still retained their isoflavone content.
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Amalfitano, Carmine, Nadezhda A. Golubkina, Laura Del Vacchio, Giuseppe Russo, Mario Cannoniero, Silvano Somma, Giuseppe Morano, Antonio Cuciniello, and Gianluca Caruso. "Yield, Antioxidant Components, Oil Content, and Composition of Onion Seeds Are Influenced by Planting Time and Density." Plants 8, no. 8 (August 20, 2019): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants8080293.
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Research was carried out on onion landrace (Ramata di Montoro) for seed production in southern Italy, with the aim to evaluate the effects on yield and quality of four bulb planting times in factorial combination with four densities, using a split plot design with three replicates. The number of flower stalks per plant, their height and diameter, and the inflorescence diameter decreased with the bulb planting delay and density increase. The highest plant leaf area and LAI (leaf area index), seed yield, number, and mean weight were recorded with the earliest planting time, with the lowest bulb density eliciting the highest plant leaf area but the lowest LAI and seed yield per hectare. The ratio between seeds and inflorescence weight, and seed germinability, decreased with the planting delay and density increase. Seed oil, protein, and antioxidant content (polyphenols and selenium) were highest with the last crop cycle. The polyunsaturated fatty acids, predominant in oil, increased with planting time delay, whereas the monounsaturated fatty acids decreased. Linoleic, oleic, and palmitic acid prevailed among polyunsaturated, monounsaturated, and saturated fatty acids, respectively. Planting from 20 December to 10 January with 3.3 cold-stored bulbs per m2 was the most effective combination in terms of seed yield per hectare, whereas seed oil content and quality were the best, with the last crop cycle starting on 21 February, independent of bulb density.
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Hutubessy, Josina Irene Brigetha. "PENGARUH JARAK TANAM TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN KACANG TANAH (Arachis hipogaea L.)." AGRICA 5, no. 1 (July 22, 2020): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.37478/agr.v5i1.442.
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This research aims at investigating the influence of planting distance towards growth and yield of peanut and optimal planting distance that can raise the growth of peanut seeds. The method used was Randomized Block Design with treatment as follows: J1 = planting distance 10 cm x 15 cm, J 2 = planting distance 15 cm x 15 cm, J 3 = planting distance 10 cm x 20 cm 4, J = planting distance 15 cm x 20 cm, J 5 planting distance = 10 cm x 30 cm, J 6 = 15 cm x 30 cm. Observation Variables in this study are the height of the plant, a number of leaves, leaf area, leaf area index, Podsnumber/Tan, pods weight/Tan, Seedsnumber /Tan, Fresh Seed Weight/Ha, Dry Seed Weight/Tan, heavy Seed dry/Ha, Fresh maximal yield and residues weight/Tan, dry maximal yield and residue/Ha. The result of this experiment found that the use of distance planting can give a good influence on each variable observation, both on the observation of growth as well as on the yield of peanut.
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Castellanos, J. Z., P. Vargas-Tapia, J. L. Ojodeagua, G. Hoyos, G. Alcantar-Gonzalez, F. S. Mendez, E. Alvarez-Sanchez, and A. A. Gardea. "Garlic Productivity and Profitability as Affected by Seed Clove Size, Planting Density and Planting Method." HortScience 39, no. 6 (October 2004): 1272–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.6.1272.
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Depending on clove size and plant stand, planting represents a considerable proportion of the total production costs in garlic cultivation. The objectives of this study were to analyze the influence of seed clove size, planting density and planting method on yield, bulb size and on the profitability of garlic for the fresh market, planted under fertigation. Two experiments were established to evaluate planting densities ranging from 300,000 to 500,000 plants/ha in the 1998-99 season, and 300,000 to 600,000 plants/ha during the 1999-2000 season. Two additional experiments were established to evaluate the effect of seed size in the range of 1.9 to 10 g/clove in 1998-99, and 1.9 to 17 g/clove in 1999-2000. Seed of Taiwan-type `Tacatzcuaro' garlic was used in all the experiments. A fifth experiment was established to compare mechanical vs. hand planting. The experimental design in all cases was a randomized complete block with four replicates. For the plant density study, yields varied from 23.5 to 29.9 t·ha-1 for the first year and from 32.1 to 39.7 t·ha-1 for the second season. For the seed clove size study, yields varied from 18.7 to 27.3 t·ha-1 for the first year and from 16.3 to 32.2 t·ha-1 for the second season. Yields and leaf area index (LAI) were directly related to planting density and clove size. Highest yields were attained with maximum studied densities in both seasons. However highest profitability was attained with planting densities of 420,000 plants/ha for the first year, as calculated from the regression equation and 300,000 plants/ha for the second year as there was no statistical difference (P > 0.05) with the two subsequent population treatments and the former has lower costs than the others. The biggest diameters of bulb were always attained with the lowest population densities. In regard to seed size, the highest yield was achieved with 7.5 g/clove for the first season and 13 g/clove for the second season, which also resulted in biggest bulb diameters and therefore in more valuable commercial classes. In accordance with the regression analysis, highest profits were obtained with clove sizes 3.6 to 6.5 g/clove, which yielded from 24 to 27 t·ha-1 for the first season and from 7 to 10 g/clove for the second season, for yields from 29 to 31 t·ha-1. In general, the largest-sized seeds produced lower profits than medium-sized seeds, even though yields were significantly higher. The best planting method for garlic, as evaluated in terms of yield, quality and profitability, was associated with good plant distribution in the field and planting the seed with the apex upwards, characteristics obtained in the hand-planted treatment.
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Strasser, Ryan, Sylvester Badua, Ajay Sharda, Devin Mangus, and Lucas Haag. "Performance of Planter Electric-drive Seed Meter during Simulated Planting Scenarios." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 35, no. 6 (2019): 925–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.13763.
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Highlights. Seed meter rpm error decreased with increasing planter speed during steady states.Point-row operations could result in up to 10-13 seeds being over- or under-planted.Seed meter rpm error varied from -7.2% to 7.9% during curve planting transient states. Abstract. Electric drive seed metering systems have become a common method for singulating row crop seed. These singulation systems have substantially fewer moving parts and can potentially respond more quickly than other drive mechanisms. However, the accuracy and response time of these systems has yet to be examined to quantify potential benefits of adoption. The objectives of this study were (1) to quantify accuracy and response time of electric meter drives to varying ground speeds and speed transitions during in-lab simulation planting operations on straight-line and curves, and (2) to compare actual seed meter motor speed to target meter speed during simulation field scenarios. To quantify metering system performance, test scenarios were developed to simulate planting on headlands, within field boundaries including traversing in-field obstacles, and planting on curves with different radii. Ground speeds during simulation scenarios were 7.2, 12.9, and 16.1 kph when operating on straight rows and 6.0, 8, 11, and 14.5 kph when planting along curvilinear paths. Test scenarios also included planter acceleration and deceleration at 0.4 and 0.6 m/s2 when traversing in-field obstacles and tighter radii curves. Tests were conducted with two different seeding rates, 44,460 and 88,920 seeds/ha. Eight high frequency encoders were mounted on the electric meters of selected row units to record real-time meter rpm and quantify seed meter accuracy and response time. A custom DAQ system was developed to read simulation test scenario data files in ASCII text file format and send prescribed ground speed commands to the Horsch Maestro 24.30 planter’s ECU at 10 Hz using a program written in LabVIEW. Results indicated that seed metering accuracy increased as ground speed increased resulting in a significantly lower seed meter rpm error at 16.1 kph under steady-state conditions. During transient states, seed meters needed 3 to 4 s to respond during deceleration and acceleration resulting to seed meter rpm error ranging from -3.7% to 3.6% at 44,460 seeds/ha seeding rate and from -3.8% to 3.2% at 88,920 seeds/ha seeding rate. During point-row operations, the response time of the meters was 0.4 s which could result in up to 10 seeds being under-planted and up to 13 seeds being over-planted per row unit. During curvilinear planting, seed meter rpm error for steady states ranged from -0.5% to 0.8% across varying turn radii resulting to seeding rate error ranging from -223 to 370 seeds/ha while during transient states seed meter rpm error varied from -7.2% to 7.9% resulting to seeding rate error ranging from -5,886 to 7,187 seeds/ha. Keywords: Seed meter rpm, Seeding rate error, Simulation, Variable rate planting, Planter meter.
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Mollah, M. R. A., M. A. Ali, M. Ahmad, M. K. Hassan, and M. J. Alam. "Effect of Planting Dates on the Yield and Quality of True Seeds of Onion." International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 3, no. 1 (March 25, 2015): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v3i1.11847.
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The present study was stimulated by the problem of onion seed production where seed production is possibly only winter period after whichrapid increase in temperature as well as early shower adversely affect the quality of seed. To overcome this situation a field experiment wasundertaken to find out the optimum planting time for maximizing quality true seeds of onion. The experiment was laid out in a randomizedcomplete block design with four replications. The treatments were five planting dates viz. 1 October, 15 October, 30 October, 15 Novemberand 30 November to achieve the objective. The research work was done at On-Farm Research Division, BARI, Bogra during September, 2010to June, 2011. The results revealed that the growth parameters, seed yield components, health and quality of harvested seeds were significantlyinfluenced by the different treatments. Results showed that among different planting dates, 15th November was the best for seed and quality.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v3i1.11847 Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 3(1): 67-72