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Journal articles on the topic 'Plants – Drought tolerance – South Africa'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 8 February 2022

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1

Bona, Elisa, Nadia Massa, Omrane Toumatia, et al. "Climatic Zone and Soil Properties Determine the Biodiversity of the Soil Bacterial Communities Associated to Native Plants from Desert Areas of North-Central Algeria." Microorganisms 9, no. 7 (2021): 1359. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9071359.

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Algeria is the largest country in Africa characterized by semi-arid and arid sites, located in the North, and hypersaline zones in the center and South of the country. Several autochthonous plants are well known as medicinal plants, having in common tolerance to aridity, drought and salinity. In their natural environment, they live with a great amount of microbial species that altogether are indicated as plant microbiota, while the plants are now viewed as a “holobiont”. In this work, the microbiota of the soil associated to the roots of fourteen economically relevant autochthonous plants from

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2

McLeod, A., and S. Coertze. "First Report of Phytophthora cryptogea on Osteospermum spp. in South Africa." Plant Disease 91, no. 3 (2007): 322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-91-3-0322a.

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Osteospermum is the largest genus of the tribe Calendulea of the Compositae (Asteraceae) and has a center of diversity in South Africa with approximately 40 known species in the Cape Province (3). This indigenous plant genus is also a popular floricultural crop grown in South Africa because of drought and high temperature tolerance. Two diseased Osteospermum sp. samples were submitted by commercial nurseries to the Stellenbosch University Plant Disease Clinic. Both samples showed similar symptoms including black lesions on the lower stem, petioles, and the base of lower leaves. Isolations were

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3

Ahamed, N. Thoufeek, Rekha S. Singhal, Pushpa R. Kulkarni, and Mohinder Pal. "A Lesser-Known Grain, Chenopodium Quinoa: Review of the Chemical Composition of its Edible Parts." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 19, no. 1 (1998): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/156482659801900110.

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In this era of ever-increasing world population, newer food and feed crops that have been hitherto neglected are gaining recognition. The rejection of such lesser-known food crops has been due not to any inferiority but to the lack of research resources in the place of origin and often to their being scorned as “poor people's plants.” The genus Chenopodium supplies tasty and nutritious leaves as well as pink- to cream-coloured edible seeds. Tolerance to cold, drought, and salinity and the high lysine content of the seed protein are the attractive features of quinoa (Chenopodiumquinoa), the mos

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Singh, Piara, S. Nedumaran, K. J. Boote, P. M. Gaur, K. Srinivas, and M. C. S. Bantilan. "Climate change impacts and potential benefits of drought and heat tolerance in chickpea in South Asia and East Africa." European Journal of Agronomy 52 (January 2014): 123–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2013.09.018.

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5

Slingsby, Jasper A., Cory Merow, Matthew Aiello-Lammens, et al. "Intensifying postfire weather and biological invasion drive species loss in a Mediterranean-type biodiversity hotspot." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 18 (2017): 4697–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1619014114.

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Prolonged periods of extreme heat or drought in the first year after fire affect the resilience and diversity of fire-dependent ecosystems by inhibiting seed germination or increasing mortality of seedlings and resprouting individuals. This interaction between weather and fire is of growing concern as climate changes, particularly in systems subject to stand-replacing crown fires, such as most Mediterranean-type ecosystems. We examined the longest running set of permanent vegetation plots in the Fynbos of South Africa (44 y), finding a significant decline in the diversity of plots driven by in

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6

MABHAUDHI, T., and A. T. MODI. "DROUGHT TOLERANCE OF SELECTED SOUTH AFRICAN TARO (COLOCASIA ESCULENTAL. SCHOTT) LANDRACES." Experimental Agriculture 51, no. 3 (2014): 451–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479714000416.

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SUMMARYDrought tolerance mechanisms of three taro landraces (Dumbe Lomfula (DL), KwaNgwanase (KW) and Umbumbulu (UM)) were evaluated under field conditions Pietermaritzburg, South Africa, over two summer seasons. Taro was slow to emerge (~ 49 days) and showed significant differences between landraces with respect to final emergence with DL never achieving a good crop stand. Growth (plant height, leaf number and LAI), VGI, SC and CCI were significantly lower under rainfed (RF) than irrigated conditions. RF conditions resulted in significantly lower biomass, HI, and final yield of taro landraces

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7

Zhang, Haiying, Guoyi Gong, Shaogui Guo, Yi Ren, Yong Xu, and Kai-Shu Ling. "Screening the USDA Watermelon Germplasm Collection for Drought Tolerance at the Seedling Stage." HortScience 46, no. 9 (2011): 1245–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.46.9.1245.

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Because of the growing threat of global warming, drought stress could severely affect the normal growth and development of crop plants. To alleviate such an adverse effect, there is a need to screen watermelon germplasm collections to identify genetic sources for potential drought tolerance. In the present study, 820 accessions of USDA's Citrullus PIs and 246 watermelon breeding lines were evaluated for their drought tolerance at the seedling stage under extreme water stress conditions in a greenhouse. Significant variations in drought tolerance were observed in the Citrullus germplasm collect

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8

Redman, Regina S., Yong Ok Kim, Sang Cho, et al. "A Symbiotic Approach to Generating Stress Tolerant Crops." Microorganisms 9, no. 5 (2021): 920. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9050920.

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Studies were undertaken to determine if fungal endophytes from plants in stressful habitats could be commercialized to generate climate resilient crop plants. Fungal endophytes were isolated from weedy rice plants and grasses from South Korea and the USA, respectively. Endophytes (Curvularia brachyspora and Fusarium asiaticum) from weedy rice plants from high salt or drought stressed habitats in South Korea conferred salt and drought stress tolerance to weedy rice and commercial varieties reflective of the habitats from which they were isolated. Fungal endophytes isolated from grasses in arid

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9

Dunne, Jeffrey C., W. Casey Reynolds, Grady L. Miller, et al. "Identification of South African Bermudagrass Germplasm with Shade Tolerance." HortScience 50, no. 10 (2015): 1419–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.50.10.1419.

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Bermudagrass, Cynodon spp. is one of the most commonly grown turfgrass genera in the southern United States having excellent drought tolerance, but poor tolerance to shade. Developing cultivars tolerant to shade would allow bermudagrass to become more prevalent in home lawns or other recreational areas in the southeast, where trees dominate the landscape. In this field study, nine accessions collected from Pretoria, South Africa were evaluated for their ability to grow under shade with varying fertility treatments. These accessions and cultivars ‘Celebration’, ‘TifGrand’, and ‘Tifway’ were eva

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Prasad, V. B. Rajendra, Mahalingam Govindaraj, Maduraimuthu Djanaguiraman, et al. "Drought and High Temperature Stress in Sorghum: Physiological, Genetic, and Molecular Insights and Breeding Approaches." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 18 (2021): 9826. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22189826.

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Sorghum is one of the staple crops for millions of people in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and South Asia (SA). The future climate in these sorghum production regions is likely to have unexpected short or long episodes of drought and/or high temperature (HT), which can cause significant yield losses. Therefore, to achieve food and nutritional security, drought and HT stress tolerance ability in sorghum must be genetically improved. Drought tolerance mechanism, stay green, and grain yield under stress has been widely studied. However, novel traits associated with drought (restricted transpiration an

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Vozhehova, R. A., A. V. Tyshchenko, O. D. Tyshchenko, O. M. Dymov, O. O. Piliarska, and I. V. Smulska. "Assessment of drought resistance of alfalfa breeding material according to water regime indicators in the South of Ukraine." Plant varieties studying and protection 17, no. 1 (2021): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21498/2518-1017.17.1.2021.228204.

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Purpose is to evaluate the plant breeding material of alfalfa by the indices of water metabolism in different conditions of humidification, to determine the patterns of their manifestation, correlation ties between them and drought tolerance, to point out the best material for introduction into the plant breeding process. Methods. Field, laboratory, statistical. Results. During 2017–2020, 9 populations of alfalfa were studied by the indices of water regime: water content in the tissues, water deficit and water holding capacity of the leaves in the conditions of irrigation and natural humidific

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Raal, P. A. "Ecology and population biology of Euphorbia perangusta (Euphorbiaceae) in the Transvaal, South Africa." Bothalia 18, no. 1 (1988): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/abc.v18i1.991.

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The conservation status of Euphorbia perangusta R. A. Dyer, an endangered plant restricted to the Marico District of the Transvaal, South Africa, and adjoining parts of Bophuthatswana was determined. The distribution, habitat and population dynamics of E. perangusta are discussed. The monitoring of the largest known population has revealed that this population has declined rapidly since the onset of a drought in 1983. The major cause of this decline appears to be the destruction of the plants by porcupines which feed on E. perangusta during droughts. It appears that, during droughts, E. perang

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Muthurajan, Raveendran, Valarmathi Ramanathan, Abhijeet Bansilal Shillak, et al. "Controlled Over-Expression of AtDREB1A Enhances Tolerance against Drought and Salinity in Rice." Agronomy 11, no. 1 (2021): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11010159.

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Engineering transcription factors (TF) hold promise in enhancing abiotic stress tolerance in plants. In this study, one of the popular rice varieties of South India, namely ADT 43, was engineered with a TF AtDREB1A driven by a stress-inducible rd29A promoter. PCR and Southern hybridization were employed to confirm the integration and copy number of the transgene. Transgenic lines (T1) of ADT 43 showed enhanced tolerance to drought and salinity compared to the non-transgenic ADT 43. Transgenic lines were found to maintain higher RWC %, lower leaf temperature, and partially closed stomata, enabl

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14

Park, Jeong-Soo, Hyohyemi Lee, Donghui Choi, and Youngha Kim. "Spatially Varying Relationships between Alien Plant Distributions and Environmental Factors in South Korea." Plants 10, no. 7 (2021): 1377. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10071377.

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Invasive alien plants can severely threaten biodiversity and cause economic losses in the agricultural industry; therefore, identifying the critical environmental factors related to the distribution of alien plants plays a crucial role in ecosystem management. In this study, we applied partial least squares regression (PLSR) and geographically weighted regression (GWR) to estimate the important environmental factors affecting the spread of two invasive and expansive plants, Lactuca scariola L. and Aster pilosus Willd., across South Korea. GWR provides more accurate predictions than ordinary le

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15

MAYER, CAROLIN, and MICHAEL KUHLMANN. "Synchrony of pollinators and plants in the winter rainfall area of South Africa—observations from a drought year." Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa 59, no. 2 (2004): 55–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00359190409519162.

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16

Baloda, Anila, Seema Madanpotra, and P. K. J. Aiwal. "Transformation of Mungbean Plants for Salt and Drought Tolerance by introducing a gene for an osmoprotectant glycine betaine." Journal of Plant Stress Physiology 3 (February 20, 2017): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.19071/jpsp.2017.v3.3148.

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Mungbean (<em>Vignaradiata</em>L. Wilczek) is an important grain legume widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions of the Indian subcontinent and in South East Asian countries. Protein and carbohydrate of Mungbean are easily digestible and create less flatulence than proteins derived from other legumes.Mungbean is very sensitive to salinity, drought, high and low temperature during the flowering and seed/pod development stages resulting in heavy losses to productivity. The development of genetically engineered plants by the introduction and/or over expression of selected

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17

Bennett, Brett M. "Decolonization, Environmentalism and Nationalism in Australia and South Africa." Itinerario 41, no. 1 (2017): 27–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115317000079.

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Decolonization influenced the rise of environmental activism and thought in Australia and South Africa in ways that have been overlooked by national histories of environmentalism and imperial histories of decolonization. Australia and South Africa’s political and cultural movement away from Britain and the Commonwealth during the 1960s is one important factor explaining why people in both countries created more, and more important, public indigenous botanic gardens than anywhere else in the world during that decade. Effective decolonization from Britain also influenced the rise of indigenous g

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18

Lee, Mark, Victoria Howard-Andrews, and Michael Chester. "Resistance of Multiple Diploid and Tetraploid Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) Varieties to Three Projected Drought Scenarios for the UK in 2080." Agronomy 9, no. 3 (2019): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9030159.

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Forage plants underpin the livestock industry. Selective breeding, including polyploidization, where genome size is increased by whole genome duplication, changes the productivity and stress tolerance of new varieties. We conducted a growth chamber experiment to investigate the likely responses of Lolium perenne L. to drought, testing four diploid and four tetraploid varieties. We simulated projected spring and summer temperatures for the South-West of England in 2080, applying three projected rainfall scenarios, which varied in drought severity. Drought caused a reduction in productivity, but

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19

Bokobana, Atalaèsso, Outendé Toundou, Komi Odah, Koffi S. S. Dossou, and Koffi Tozo. "Enhancement of proline content and antioxidant enzyme activities induced by drought stress in maize (Zea mays L.) by application of compost." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 13, no. 7 (2020): 2978–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v13i7.1.

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In sub-Saharan Africa, soil degradation and recurrent droughts are major obstacles to a sustainable agriculture. This study aimed at investigating the effect of compost addition to soil on proline content and activities of the antioxidant enzymes [catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX)] in maize plants, under drought stress conditions. The test was carried out in 20L plastic pots containing either sandy soil or sandy soil with the fertilizer, under natural conditions. The water deficit was induced at male blooming and milky grain stages. Plant irrigation was done by successive weighing of

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Owoseni, Mojisola, Ademola Olaniran, and Anthony Okoh. "Chlorine Tolerance and Inactivation of Escherichia coli recovered from Wastewater Treatment Plants in the Eastern Cape, South Africa." Applied Sciences 7, no. 8 (2017): 810. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app7080810.

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21

Denic, Miloje, Pedro Chaque, Pedro Fato, Constantino Senete, David Mariote, and Wayne Haag. "Approaches in breeding for high quality protein maize." Genetika 40, no. 3 (2008): 237–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr0803237d.

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Maize is the principal crop and major staple food in the most African and South American countries. The main problem in human nutrition in developing countries, and in livestock feed in developed countries, is insufficient production and poor quality of cereal proteins. In the case of maize, due to the very low content of essential amino acids lysine and tryptophan in grain endosperm, biological value is very low, which is main limiting factor of common maize in human nutrition and feeding of monogastric animals. Quality protein maize (QPM) can help in solving of this problem. Maize production

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Mukwada, Geoffrey, Sabelo M. Mazibuko, Mokhele Moeletsi, and Guy M. Robinson. "Can Famine Be Averted? A Spatiotemporal Assessment of The Impact of Climate Change on Food Security in The Luvuvhu River Catchment of South Africa." Land 10, no. 5 (2021): 527. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10050527.

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Climate change has proved to be a threat to food security the world over. Using temperature and precipitation data, this paper examines the differential effects climate change has on different land uses in the Luvuvhu river catchment in South Africa. The paper uses the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Vegetation Condition Index (VCI), which were calculated from Landsat images, and the Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) for a sample of years between 1980 and 2016 to assess how drought and flood frequency have affected the agricultural environment. The results indicate that

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23

Yang, Honglan, Tohir A. Bozorov, Xiaoping Chen, et al. "Yield Comparisons between Cotton Variety Xin Nong Mian 1 and Its Transgenic ScALDH21 Lines under Different Water Deficiencies in a Desert-Oasis Ecotone." Agronomy 11, no. 5 (2021): 1019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11051019.

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Water scarcity is the major limiting factor for oasis-desert agricultural production of cotton. It is necessary to improve cotton for drought tolerance and minimize drought-related crop losses, and the transgenic approach is efficient for cotton improvement. In order to evaluate the value of ScALDH21 transgenic cotton (G. hirsutum L.), it was tested in the main cotton region of south Xinjiang, in an environment of extreme drought around the desert. Transgenic cotton, overexpressing aldehyde dehydrogenase gene (ScALDH21) from the desiccation-tolerant moss Syntrichia caninervis in cotton variety

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Grönemeyer, Jann L., Ajinkya Kulkarni, Dirk Berkelmann, Thomas Hurek, and Barbara Reinhold-Hurek. "Rhizobia Indigenous to the Okavango Region in Sub-Saharan Africa: Diversity, Adaptations, and Host Specificity." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 80, no. 23 (2014): 7244–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02417-14.

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ABSTRACTThe rhizobial community indigenous to the Okavango region has not yet been characterized. The isolation of indigenous rhizobia can provide a basis for the formulation of a rhizobial inoculant. Moreover, their identification and characterization contribute to the general understanding of species distribution and ecology. Isolates were obtained from nodules of local varieties of the pulses cowpea, Bambara groundnut, peanut, hyacinth bean, and common bean. Ninety-one of them were identified by BOX repetitive element PCR (BOX-PCR) and sequence analyses of the 16S-23S rRNA internally transc

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Schreiner, G. O., R. C. van Ballegooyen, and W. Osman. "Seawater desalination as an option to alleviate water scarcity in South Africa: the need for a strategic approach to planning and environmental decision-making." Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination 4, no. 4 (2014): 287–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2014.035.

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In the last decade, seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) has come to be seen by policy-makers as a novel technology that will significantly advance water security in South African coastal regions. Water purveyors, from the private sector, local/district municipalities and provincial authorities, are undertaking studies to explore the feasibility of SWRO to meet growing demand and relieve mounting pressure on current bulk water supply infrastructure. With this in mind, it is suggested that national strategic planning should be introduced to present the opportunities and constraints of the desalinati

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Langner, Josana A., Alencar J. Zanon, Nereu A. Streck, Lia R. S. Reiniger, Marielen P. Kaufmann, and Alexandre F. Alves. "Maize: Key agricultural crop in food security and sovereignty in a future with water scarcity." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 23, no. 9 (2019): 648–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v23n9p648-654.

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ABSTRACT The objective in this review was to discuss the importance of maize currently and the crucial role it may play in the future for food production in scenarios of water shortage, as well as the importance of conserving its landrace cultivars, which have a considerable portion of the reserve of genetic variability. Maize plants, when exposed to water deficit, may develop physiological, morphological, biochemical and anatomical adaptation mechanisms. With the aid of genetic improvement, characteristics that impart tolerance are fixed in plants through conventional methods. In this context

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Mabapa, M. P., K. K. Ayisi, and I. K. Mariga. "Effect of Planting Density and Harvest Interval on the Leaf Yield and Quality of Moringa (Moringa oleifera) under Diverse Agroecological Conditions of Northern South Africa." International Journal of Agronomy 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2941432.

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Smallholder livestock farmers who depend on natural communal grazing lands are particularly vulnerable to climate change as well as to food insecurity and should be encouraged to grow drought-tolerant fodder crops. Moringa oleifera is a highly valued plant, due to its exceptionally high nutritional content. This study was conducted at two experimental sites in the Limpopo province of northern South Africa to evaluate for the first time the effect of plant density and cutting interval on biomass production and chemical composition of moringa grown under two diverse climatic conditions. Four dif

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SMITH, GIDEON F. "Kalanchoe ×hankeyi [= K. longiflora × K. sexangularis] (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a new nothospecies from South Africa." Phytotaxa 451, no. 1 (2020): 93–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.451.1.9.

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In southern Africa, two species of Kalanchoe Adanson (1763: 248), K. longiflora Schlechter ex Wood (1903: plate 320) (Figure 1A) and K. sexangularis Brown (1913: 120) (Figure 1B), are extensively grown as groundcovers or accent plants. Both species thrive in open beds as well as in containers and have gained horticultural prominence, especially as result of their ability to flourish on little irrigation during times of drought. Kalanchoe sexangularis has bright red leaves when grown in exposed positions, while in similar positions K. longiflora has orange-infused, turquoise-coloured leaves. Ve

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Omotobora, Babajide Olusegun, Patrick Olusanmi Adebola, David Mxolisi Modise, Sunette Marlize Laurie, and Abe Shegro Gerrano. "Greenhouse and Field Evaluation of Selected Sweetpotato (<i>Ipomoea batatas</i> (L.) LAM) Accessions for Drought Tolerance in South Africa." American Journal of Plant Sciences 05, no. 21 (2014): 3328–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2014.521348.

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Sogoni, Avela, Muhali Jimoh, Learnmore Kambizi, and Charles Laubscher. "The Impact of Salt Stress on Plant Growth, Mineral Composition, and Antioxidant Activity in Tetragonia decumbens Mill.: An Underutilized Edible Halophyte in South Africa." Horticulturae 7, no. 6 (2021): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7060140.

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Climate change, expanding soil salinization, and the developing shortages of freshwater have negatively affected crop production around the world. Seawater and salinized lands represent potentially cultivable areas for edible salt-tolerant plants. In the present study, the effect of salinity stress on plant growth, mineral composition (macro-and micro-nutrients), and antioxidant activity in dune spinach (Tetragonia decumbens) were evaluated. The treatments consisted of three salt concentrations, 50, 100, and 200 mM, produced by adding NaCl to the nutrient solution. The control treatment had no

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Varshney, Rajeev K., Chengcheng Shi, Mahendar Thudi, et al. "Pearl millet genome sequence provides a resource to improve agronomic traits in arid environments." Nature Biotechnology 35, no. 10 (2017): 969–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt.3943.

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Abstract Pearl millet [Cenchrus americanus (L.) Morrone] is a staple food for more than 90 million farmers in arid and semi-arid regions of sub-Saharan Africa, India and South Asia. We report the ∼1.79 Gb draft whole genome sequence of reference genotype Tift 23D2B1-P1-P5, which contains an estimated 38,579 genes. We highlight the substantial enrichment for wax biosynthesis genes, which may contribute to heat and drought tolerance in this crop. We resequenced and analyzed 994 pearl millet lines, enabling insights into population structure, genetic diversity and domestication. We use these rese

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Cherif-Silini, Hafsa, Bathini Thissera, Ali Chenari Bouket, et al. "Durum Wheat Stress Tolerance Induced by Endophyte Pantoea agglomerans with Genes Contributing to Plant Functions and Secondary Metabolite Arsenal." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 16 (2019): 3989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20163989.

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In the arid region Bou-Saâda at the South of Algeria, durum wheat Triticum durum L. cv Waha production is severely threatened by abiotic stresses, mainly drought and salinity. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) hold promising prospects towards sustainable and environmentally-friendly agriculture. Using habitat-adapted symbiosis strategy, the PGPR Pantoea agglomerans strain Pa was recovered from wheat roots sampled in Bou-Saâda, conferred alleviation of salt stress in durum wheat plants and allowed considerable growth in this unhostile environment. Strain Pa showed growth up to 35 °C t

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Numan, Muhammad, Desalegn D. Serba, and Ayalew Ligaba-Osena. "Alternative Strategies for Multi-Stress Tolerance and Yield Improvement in Millets." Genes 12, no. 5 (2021): 739. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12050739.

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Millets are important cereal crops cultivated in arid and semiarid regions of the world, particularly Africa and southeast Asia. Climate change has triggered multiple abiotic stresses in plants that are the main causes of crop loss worldwide, reducing average yield for most crops by more than 50%. Although millets are tolerant to most abiotic stresses including drought and high temperatures, further improvement is needed to make them more resilient to unprecedented effects of climate change and associated environmental stresses. Incorporation of stress tolerance traits in millets will improve

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Hawkins, Heidi-J., Hans Hettasch, Adam G. West, and Michael D. Cramer. "Hydraulic redistribution by Protea 'Sylvia' (Proteaceae) facilitates soil water replenishment and water acquisition by an understorey grass and shrub." Functional Plant Biology 36, no. 8 (2009): 752. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp09046.

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Proteaceae of the Cape Floristic Region, South Africa, transpire throughout the summer drought, implying access to deep water. Hydraulic redistribution by Protea ‘Sylvia’ [P. susannae E. Phillips × P. exima (Salisb. Ex Knight) Fource; Proteaceae] was investigated in overnight pot and field experiments, where it was hypothesised that (1) Proteaceae replenish water in upper soil layers, (2) hydraulic redistribution facilitates nutrient uptake and (3) shallow-rooted understorey plants ‘parasitise’ water from proteas. Potted Sylvias redistributed ~17% of the tritiated water supplied, equating to 3

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Rakhimov, Tulkin, Ikram Yusupov, and Zafar Boirov. "Influence of Industrial Emissions on Morphological Signs of Leaves of Greening Plants." Natural Systems and Resources, no. 2 (October 2020): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/nsr.jvolsu.2020.2.3.

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Currently, studies of the industrial environment and related theoretical and applied environmental problems are undoubtedly relevant. Therefore, the indicators of environmental monitoring of greening tree species are the main indicators of the ecological situation in the industrial zones of the arid zone of the South of Uzbekistan. The article investigates the effect of SO2 on the morphometric index of leaf blades of some planted trees. Based on the information collected, a morphometric indicator of leaf blades and its relationship with the concentration of sulfur in the atmosphere are provide

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Holloway-Phillips, M. M., H. Huai, A. Cochrane, and A. B. Nicotra. "Differences in seedling water-stress response of two co-occurring Banksia species." Australian Journal of Botany 63, no. 8 (2015): 647. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt15022.

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In the South-west Australian Floristic Region, timing of rainfall is critical for successful seedling establishment, as is surviving the first year’s summer drought for population persistence. Predictions of a warmer, drier future, therefore, threaten the persistence of obligate seeding species. Here, we investigate the drought tolerance of two co-occurring Banksia (Proteaceae) species by withholding water in pots to different extents of soil drying. Seed was collected from high- and low-rainfall populations, to test for niche differentiation in water-use strategies at the species level, as we

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Lepekhov, S. B., and L. P. Khlebovav. "Association of canopy temperature depression with yield and morphological traits of spring soft wheat under Siberian conditions." Ukrainian Journal of Ecology 9, no. 3 (2019): 389–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/2019_113.

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The method of infrared thermometry is widely used in the world to diagnose drought tolerance of crops. However, in Russia the measurement of Canopy temperature depression (CTD) has not yet been carried out. The aim of the study was to measure CTD and consider the possibility of using this trait to assess spring soft wheat varieties when growing in the Altai Territory (South-Western Siberia of Russia). The studies were conducted in 2017 and 2018 using 36 varieties of spring soft wheat in the vegetative stage and 14 varieties in the grain filling stage, respectively. Significant differences betw

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De Kock, K. N., C. T. Wolmarans, M. Bornman, and D. C. Maree. "Distribution and habitats of Bulinus tropicus, snail intermediate host of the conical fluke Calicophoron microbothrium, in South Africa." Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Natuurwetenskap en Tegnologie 21, no. 4 (2002): 114–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/satnt.v21i4.236.

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This paper focuses on the geographical distribution and the habitats of Bulinus tropicus, the snail intermediate host of the conical fluke, Calicophoron microbothrium. Bulinus tropicus is the freshwater snail species with the most extensive geographical distribution, as reflected by the collection sites of the 7 992 samples currently on record in the database of the National Freshwater Snail Collection (NFSC) of South Africa. The presence of this species was noted by collectors in a total of 14 different types of waterbodies, however, the largest number of samples was collected in dams and bro

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Sonnenberg, Donavon, Patrick A. Ndakidemi, Ambrose Okem, and Charles Laubscher. "Effects of Drip Irrigation on Growth, Physiological Parameters, and Yield in Hydroponically Cultivated Cucumis sativus." HortScience 51, no. 11 (2016): 1412–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci11080-16.

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The effect of drip irrigation regimen on growth, physiological parameters, and crop yield in Cucumis sativus L. was investigated using a drip irrigation system. The experimental design comprised eight various water regimens (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16 L·h−1). Plants received water five times a day, making a total of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80 L per day. Growth and photosynthetic parameters were analyzed on a weekly base for a period of 8 weeks. Crop yield was measured at the end of the experiment. In general, photosynthetic rate (A), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), stomatal c

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Meléndez, María Raquel, and William Patricio Ponce. "Pollination in the oil palms Elaeis guineensis, E. oleifera and their hybrids (OxG), in tropical America." Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical 46, no. 1 (2016): 102–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632016v4638196.

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ABSTRACT Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) is very important in the Central and South American economies. Plants suffer from a devastating fungal disease known as "lethal decay" or "pudrición del cogollo", in Spanish. Producer countries in Africa, Asia and tropical America have developed breeding programs that seek the tolerance of this disease by plants. The hybrids Elaeis guineensis x Elaeis oleifera (OxG) are resistant, but show physiological problems that affect commercial productivity. Natural pollination in these hybrids is low and manual pollination has high labor costs. The Coleoptera order

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Irmak, Suat, Ali T. Mohammed, and William L. Kranz. "Grain Yield, Crop and Basal Evapotranspiration, Production Functions, and Water Productivity Response of Drought-tolerant and Non-drought-tolerant Maize Hybrids under Different Irrigation Levels, Population Densities, and Environments: Part II. In South-c." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 35, no. 1 (2019): 83–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.12871.

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Abstract. Information and data on newer drought-tolerant maize hybrid response to water in different climates are extremely scarce. This research quantified the performance of non-drought-tolerant (NDT) (H1) and drought-tolerant (DT) (H2, H3, and H4) maize ( L.) hybrids response to grain yield, crop evapotranspiration (ETc), basal evapotranspiration (ETb), ETc-yield production functions (ETYPF), and crop water use efficiency (CWUE) at three irrigation levels and two plant population densities (PPDs) at two locations (transition zone between sub-humid and semi-arid climates at Clay Center (SCAL

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Oldham, C. M., D. Wood, J. Milton, D. Real, P. Vercoe, and A. J. van Burgel. "An animal house study on utilisation of fresh tedera (Bituminaria bituminosa var. albomarginata and crassiuscula) by Merino wethers." Animal Production Science 55, no. 5 (2015): 617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an13068.

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Bituminaria bituminosa is a drought-tolerant, perennial legume that has been used for centuries as a part of the mixed sward in grazing systems around the Mediterranean sea and ‘cut and carried’ to feed as hay to dairy goats in the Canary Islands; varieties albomarginata and crassiuscula, commonly known as tedera, are native only to the Canary Islands. In south-western Australia, tedera will likely be directly grazed as green plants to help fill the feed gap in summer–autumn, due to its drought tolerance and capacity to retain green leaves. There are no reports of ill-effects of grazing tedera

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Hély, C., A. M. Lézine, and APD contributors. "Holocene changes in African vegetation: tradeoff between climate and water availability." Climate of the Past Discussions 9, no. 6 (2013): 6397–427. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-9-6397-2013.

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Abstract. Although past climate change is well documented in West Africa through instrumental records, modeling activities, and paleo-data, little is known about regional-scale ecosystem vulnerability and long term impacts of climate on plant distribution and biodiversity. Here we use paleohydrological and paleobotanical data to discuss the relation between available surface water, monsoon rainfall and vegetation distribution in West Africa during the Holocene. The individual patterns of plant migration or community shifts in latitude are explained by differences among tolerance limits of spec

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Hély, C., A. M. Lézine, and APD contributors. "Holocene changes in African vegetation: tradeoff between climate and water availability." Climate of the Past 10, no. 2 (2014): 681–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-681-2014.

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Abstract. Although past climate change is well documented in West Africa through instrumental records, modeling activities, and paleo-data, little is known about regional-scale ecosystem vulnerability and long-term impacts of climate on plant distribution and biodiversity. Here we use paleohydrological and paleobotanical data to discuss the relation between available surface water, monsoon rainfall and vegetation distribution in West Africa during the Holocene. The individual patterns of plant migration or community shifts in latitude are explained by differences among tolerance limits of spec

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Davies, S. L., N. C. Turner, J. A. Palta, K. H. M. Siddique, and J. A. Plummer. "Remobilisation of carbon and nitrogen supports seed filling in chickpea subjected to water deficit." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 51, no. 7 (2000): 855. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar00018.

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In the Mediterranean-type environment of south-western Australia, pod filling of chickpea occurs when net photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation is low as a result of the onset of terminal drought. Remobilisation of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) from vegetative parts to developing seed may be an important alternative source of C and N for seed filling. The contribution of stored pre-podding C and N to seed filling was studied by labelling the vegetative tissues with the stable isotopes, 13C and 15N, prior to podding and following their subsequent movement to the seed. In ICCV88201, an advanced des

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Veselý, Pavel, Petr Šmarda, Petr Bureš, et al. "Environmental pressures on stomatal size may drive plant genome size evolution: evidence from a natural experiment with Cape geophytes." Annals of Botany 126, no. 2 (2020): 323–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcaa095.

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Abstract Background and Aims The idea that genome (size) evolution in eukaryotes could be driven by environmental factors is still vigorously debated. In extant plants, genome size correlates positively with stomatal size, leading to the idea that conditions enabling the existence of large stomata in fossil plants also supported growth of their genome size. We test this inductive assumption in drought-adapted, prostrate-leaved Cape (South Africa) geophytes where, compared with their upright-leaved geophytic ancestors, stomata develop in a favourably humid microclimate formed underneath their l

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MERKEL, U., M. PETERS, S. A. TARAWALI, R. SCHULTZE-KRAFT, and D. K. BERNER. "Characterization of a collection of Aeschynomene histrix in subhumid Nigeria." Journal of Agricultural Science 134, no. 3 (2000): 293–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859699007546.

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A collection of 64 accessions of the South American pasture legume Aeschynomene histrix Poiret was characterized in 1995 at Ibadan in south-west Nigeria in order to test the potential of the accessions as forage plants in subhumid areas and as a trap crop for the parasitic plant Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth. All accessions had a low biomass production during the first 8 weeks after sowing but soon variations in the collection became apparent. Morphologically, accessions could be classified as having prostrate, decumbent, semi-erect and erect growth habit. The semi-erect to erect accessions

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Chen, Xiaoping, Hongjie Li, Manish K. Pandey, et al. "Draft genome of the peanut A-genome progenitor (Arachis duranensis) provides insights into geocarpy, oil biosynthesis, and allergens." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 24 (2016): 6785–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1600899113.

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Peanut or groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.), a legume of South American origin, has high seed oil content (45–56%) and is a staple crop in semiarid tropical and subtropical regions, partially because of drought tolerance conferred by its geocarpic reproductive strategy. We present a draft genome of the peanut A-genome progenitor, Arachis duranensis, and 50,324 protein-coding gene models. Patterns of gene duplication suggest the peanut lineage has been affected by at least three polyploidizations since the origin of eudicots. Resequencing of synthetic Arachis tetraploids reveals extensive gene co

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Culvenor, Richard A., Stuart Kemp, and Kevin F. M. Reed. "Characterisation of Sardinian germplasm of the perennial pasture grass Phalaris aquatica." Crop and Pasture Science 71, no. 9 (2020): 850. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp20216.

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Germplasm of the perennial pasture grass Phalaris aquatica L., from Sardinia, Italy, is a potentially valuable source for grass breeders owing to climatic similarities to regions where P. aquatica is used, a relatively high incidence of acidic soils, and exposure to prolonged grazing pressure. At field sites in south-eastern Australia, Sardinian accessions were compared as spaced plants and drill-rows with accessions from southern Europe and north-western Africa and with commercial cultivars. They were also evaluated in grazed swards at three sites over 4 years under conditions that challenge

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Tessitori, M., A. Reina, V. Catara, and G. Polizzi. "Polygala myrtifolia as a New Natural Host of Cucumber mosaic virus." Plant Disease 86, no. 12 (2002): 1403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2002.86.12.1403b.

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Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), and Impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV) are among the most important viral pathogens of ornamental plants (1). Polygala myrtifolia L. (myrtle-leaf milkwort), originating from South Africa, and a member of the Polygalaceae, was recently introduced in Italy as a cultivated ornamental shrub for its fast and attractive free-flowering growth and drought-resistant characteristics. It can become an invasive plant and is now considered a serious problem in coastal areas of Australia where it was introduced as a garden plant. In Italy, P.

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