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Journal articles on the topic "Plants, Effect of herbicides. eng"
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Poudyal, Shital, James S. Owen, R. Thomas Fernandez, and Bert Cregg. "Sensitivity of Hydrangea paniculata Plants to Residual Herbicides in Recycled Irrigation Varies with Plant Growth Stage." Water 12, no. 5 (May 15, 2020): 1402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12051402.
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Recycling irrigation return flow is a viable option to achieve sustainability in horticultural production systems, but residual herbicides present in recycled water may be phytotoxic. The sensitivity of plants to residual herbicides may vary depending on the growth stage of the plant. If sensitive growth stages are avoided, the risk associated with using recycled water can be reduced. Here, we quantified the effect of residual oryzalin and oxyfluorfen exposure at various growth stages of Hydrangea paniculata. Exposure to both herbicides reduced plant growth, leaf visual rating, soil plant analysis development (SPAD) chlorophyll index, net photosynthesis, and light-adapted fluorescence of H. paniculata. Herbicide injury was greater for plants exposed to herbicides at early growth stages, however, the recovery rate of those plants was also rapid. For oxyfluorfen, plants produced healthy new growth immediately after the end of exposure, but for oryzalin, even newly formed leaves developed herbicide injury after the end of exposure, therefore leaf damage continued to progress before recovering. However, damage caused by residual herbicide exposure at all growth stages recovered over time. Physiological measurements such as the SPAD index, net photosynthesis, and light-adapted fluorescence responded quickly to herbicides exposure hence provided an early indicator of herbicide damage and recovery.
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Ceballos, Ricardo, Graciela Palma, Hernán Brevis, Fernando Ortega, and Andrés Quiroz. "Effect of five postemergence herbicides on red clover shoot and root growth in greenhouse studies." Phytoprotection 85, no. 3 (June 13, 2005): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/010907ar.
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Abstract MCPA, 2,4-DB, flumetsulam, bentazon, haloxyfop-methyl, flumetsulam/2,4-DB and bentazon/MCPA were studied in greenhouse experiments in order to evaluate their primary effects on red clover (Trifolium pratense) growth and root injury. The influence of these herbicides on root length, plant height, crown diameter, shoot and root dry weights, shoot phytotoxicity and root injury were studied at two application rates. Variable responses in the growth parameters were observed throughout the experimental period. Herbicides did not affect root length. By the end of experiment, plant height was increased by all herbicides except MCPA and bentazon/MCPA. Crown diameter was increased only with MCPA and 2,4-DB, whereas it was not affected by the other herbicides. Bentazon reduced root dry weight while the other herbicides had no effect. In general, MCPA, bentazon, and bentazon/MCPA reduced shoot dry weight. Although all herbicides caused early foliar damage, the plants recovered by the end of expe-riment comparable to the control plants. Bentazon and bentazon/MCPA produced the greatest shoot damage. Roots were injured from all herbicides, yet they usually recovered over time. However, bentazon/MCPA induced more severe root injury, up to 17% of the plants, causing seedlings died. These results suggest that some herbicides used to protect red clover against weeds may also affect red clover development, increasing its vulnerability to disease.
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Schloss, John V., and Ann Aulabaugh. "Acetolactate Synthase and Ketol-Acid Reductoisomerase: Targets for Herbicides Obtained by Screening and de novo Design." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 45, no. 5 (May 1, 1990): 544–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1990-0542.
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Several major classes of herbicides, discovered by conventional screening techniques, have been found to inhibit the first common enzyme of branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis, acetolactate synthase, as their mode of action. These herbicides seem to bind to an evolutionary vestige of a quinone-binding site, extraneous to the active site, that is present due to the evolutionary history of this enzyme. Besides their herbicidal effect on sensitive plants, these compounds can effect stasis in the growth of bacteria and yeast. Recently is has been reported that an experimental herbicide from Hoechst. Hoe 704. that was discovered by conventional screening techniques, inhibits the second common enzyme of branched-chain amino acid bio- synthesis [Schultz etal., FEBS Lett. 238, 375-378 (1988)]. We have also recently designed novel reaction-intermediate analogs (e.g. N-isopropyl oxalylhydroxamate) that arc exceptionally potent (Ki = 22 pM: half-time for release approximately six days) and selective inhibitors of the second common enzyme, ketol-acid reductoisomerase. Both of these selective inhibitors of the second common enzyme will kill sensitive plants, but will only inhibit the growth (without killing) of bacteria. The effects in bacteria parallel those obtained by mutations in the relevant genes, where loss of either the first or second common enzyme in the pathway gives an organ- ism that is auxotrophic for branched-chain amino acids, but does not result in a conditionally lethal phenotype. Higher plant mutants have only been obtained to date that arc deficient in functional leucine-specific gene products (as yet uncharacterized), threonine deaminase (isoleucine specific), and dihydroxyacid dehydratase (common). The phenotypes of these mutants. at least at the level of cell culture, are similar to those of their bacterial counterparts, in that auxotrophy, but not conditional lethality, is obtained. These results highlight the potential non-equality of the enzymes of branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis as targets in herbicide design.
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Levene, Brian C., Micheal D. K. Owen, and Gregory L. Tylka. "Response of soybean cyst nematodes and soybeans (Glycine max) to herbicides." Weed Science 46, no. 2 (April 1998): 264–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500090512.
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The effect of herbicides applied to V3 soybeans on race 3 soybean cyst nematode (SCN) reproduction and glyceollin production in roots was measured. Soybeans were treated postemergence with 1 × and 2 × rates of herbicides plus adjuvants or with adjuvants alone, and SCN development was measured. Acifluorfen, bentazon, lactofen, crop oil concentrate (COC), and nonionic surfactant (NIS) applications reduced SCN egg population densities 50 to 60% compared with the untreated control 4 and 8 wk after application. The SCN reproduction on plants treated with fluazifop-P, sethoxydim, and imazethapyr was similar to the untreated control. Crop oil concentrate or NIS applications alone were as effective as acifluorfen, bentazon, or lactofen applications for reducing SCN reproduction. However, no additive effect of adjuvant-herbicide combinations was observed, nor did herbicide rate affect SCN reproduction. Treatments reduced SCN reproduction only when applied to soybeans and had no effect on SCN reproduction when applied directly to the soil. No treatment stimulated SCN reproduction relative to the untreated control. Soybeans treated with COC, NIS, acifluorfen, and bentazon also had more glyceollin detected than the untreated control. Herbicide-induced glyceollin production may have increased the resistance of soybean to SCN.
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Zanardo, Henrique Gonzalez, Willians César Carrega, Allan Lopes Bacha, Pedro de Figueiredo Rocha Barbosa Martins, Anne Elise Cesarin, Pedro Luis da Costa Aguiar Alves, and Ignácio José de Godoy. "Residual effect of commonly used herbicides of sugarcane on pre-emergence of peanut cultivars in succession." August 2019, no. 13(08):2019 (August 20, 2019): 1267–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.19.13.08.p1539.
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Studies on the residual effect of herbicides commonly used in sugarcane on peanut crops are essential for crop management due to the expansion of peanut areas on sugarcane fields throughout the country. Therefore, this work evaluates the effect of herbicides commonly used in sugarcane crops on the pre-emergence of five peanut cultivars. The experimental design was a randomized block with treatments in factorial arrangement: 11 (10 herbicides + 1 water control) x 5 (peanut genotypes) in four replications. To evaluate the residual effect, plants that normally emerged at 15 days after application (DAA) were counted and the visual evaluation of plant toxicity was performed at 16, 23 and 30 DAA. At the end of the experiment, dry matter of shoots and roots was measured. According to the results, line 870 and cultivar IAC 503 were tolerant to mesotrione (0.144 a.i. ha-1) in the pre-emergence. However, herbicides sulfentrazone and clomazone caused strong visual symptoms of toxicity, impairing the emergence and development of all genotypes. The herbicides imazapic, 2,4-D, saflufenacil and S-metolachlor, in turn, caused mild visual symptoms of toxicity, but also impaired the emergence and development of all genotypes. Hexazinone, tebuthiuron and amicarbazone applied in pre-emergence caused the death of cultivars. Mesotrione was the only herbicide feasible to the cultivars studied. The genotypes do not react equally to certain products, thus, there is a need for further studies under field conditions to confirm the responses obtained in this study and verify whether the yield potential is affected.
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Bónis, P., T. Árendás, C. L. Marton, and Z. Berzsenyi. "Herbicide tolerance of Martonvásár maize genotypes." Acta Agronomica Hungarica 54, no. 4 (December 1, 2006): 517–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aagr.54.2006.4.13.
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A comparison was made of herbicide tolerance results for two years, one dry (2003) and one wet (2004). The maximum permitted dose and twice this rate of the herbicides (mesotrione, mesotrione + atrazine, nicosulfuron, rimsulfuron) were sprayed on inbred maize lines in the 7-8-leaf stage. The effect of the herbicides on 20 inbred lines was evaluated on the basis of visible phytotoxic symptoms. In the dry year the greatest damage, averaged over the inbred lines, was caused by the double rate of rimsulfuron and nicosulfuron, but the plants had overcome this by the end of the vegetation period. In 2004 the cool wet spring weather retarded the metabolic processes of maize, leading to greater phytotoxic damage. The most severe symptoms were observed for the double rate of mesotrione +atrazine. The phytotoxic damage caused by the “normal” rates applied in commercial maize production was overcome by the lines in the wet year, too. Despite the initial visible phytotoxic damage, none of the herbicides caused significant differences in grain yield between the control and the single or double rates of treatment.
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do Amaral, Uirá do, Luiz Leonardo Ferreira, Kelly Martins de Souza, Emerson Pereira Vieira, and Michelle Nunes Barcelos. "Phytotoxicity of Herbicides in Seedlings of Sweet Passion Fruit." Journal of Agricultural Science 10, no. 9 (August 13, 2018): 423. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v10n9p423.
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The culture of sweet passion fruit has been increasingly studied and exploited commercially in Brazil, with emphasis on the State of São Paulo. This is due to the high value achieved in the market of fresh fruit and be considered a food with functional properties beneficial to human health. However, the cultivation on a large scale finds some obstacles, as the control of weeds with the use of herbicides. In this sense, the objective of this work was to evaluate the phytotoxicity of seven herbicides with different mechanisms of action in seedlings of sweet passion fruit. Different variables were assessed: initial plant height (IPH) and final plant height (FPH); initial number of sheets (INS) and end number of sheets (ENS); intoxication of plants (INTO); fresh leaf mass (FLM) and dry leaf mass (DLM); fresh stem mass (FSM); dry steam mass (DSM); fresh root mass (FRM) and dry root mass (DRM) and total dry mass (TDM). Chlorimuron-ethyl (ALS inhibitor), glyphosate (EPSP synthase inhibitor), paraquat (photosystem I inhibitor) and atrazine (photosystem II inhibitor) have the higher effect on the variables analyzed, and they caused some kind of intoxication in the plants of sweet passion fruit. Conversely, haloxyfop-p-methyl (ACCase inhibitor) and fomesafen (protox inhibitor) showed a lesser effect on the sweet passion fruit plants.
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Gettys, Lyn A., Kyle L. Thayer, and Joseph W. Sigmon. "Evaluating the Effects of Acetic Acid and d-Limonene on Four Aquatic Plants." HortTechnology 31, no. 2 (April 2021): 225–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech04769-20.
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The foundation of most aquatic weed management programs in Florida is synthetic herbicides because many of these U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA)-registered products are effective, selective, and inexpensive compared with other strategies such as mechanical harvesting. However, stakeholders have expressed concern regarding their use and managers are interested in exploring alternative methods for aquatic weed control. To that end, we evaluated the efficacy, selectivity, and costs of the “natural” products acetic acid and d-limonene (alone and in combination with each other and citric acid) on the invasive floating plants waterhyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) and waterlettuce (Pistia stratiotes), and the native emergent plants broadleaf sagittaria (Sagittaria latifolia) and pickerelweed (Pontederia cordata). These products, plus an industry-standard synthetic herbicide (diquat dibromide), were applied once as foliar treatments to healthy plants, which were grown out for 8 weeks after treatment to allow development of phytotoxicity symptoms. A 0.22% concentration of diquat dibromide eliminated all vegetation, but neither “natural” product alone provided acceptable (>80%) control of floating weeds, even when applied at the maximum concentrations under evaluation (20% acetic acid, 30% d-limonene). Citric acid (5% or 10%) had no effect on the activity of acetic acid or d-limonene, but some combinations of acetic acid and d-limonene controlled floating weeds effectively without causing unacceptable damage to native plants. However, these treatments are much more expensive than the synthetic standard and managers would realize a 22- to 26-fold increase in product cost alone without factoring in other expenses such as additional labor and application time. Combinations of acetic acid and d-limonene may have utility in some areas where the use of synthetic herbicides is discouraged, but broad-scale deployment of this strategy would likely be prohibitively expensive.
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Simic, Milena, Vesna Dragicevic, and Milan Brankov. "Influence of growing measures on weed interference and water status in maize." Pesticidi i fitomedicina 32, no. 2 (2017): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pif1702113s.
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Growing modern hybrids in narrow plant spacing together with nitrogen and herbicide application gives an advantage to maize crops over weeds. The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen form, maize row spacing and herbicide treatment on weed and maize biomass and water usage, as well as maize yield. The investigation was conducted at the Maize Research Institute Zemun Polje, Belgrade during 2014-2016. A field experiment was set up as a split-split-plot block design with four replications. The maize hybrid ZP388 was planted, and a standard and a slow-release form of urea were applied. For each N source, maize was grown at two row spacings: narrow of 50 cm, and standard of 70 cm, while weed control treatments included: C - without herbicide application, T - application of a pre-emergence mix of herbicides. Sowing was done in the second decade of April, 2014, 2015 and 2016. Six weeks after herbicide application, the fresh biomass of weeds uprooted from 1 m2 and aboveground biomass of ten crop plants per plot were measured together with dry matter after drying in a laboratory oven. Water content (%) in weed and maize plants was calculated as a relation between fresh and dry biomass. Maize yield was measured at the end of each growing season and calculated with 14% of moisture. All data were processed by ANOVA. The fresh and dry biomass of weeds were significantly (P>0.05) higher in untreated control than in the treated variant, while differences in water content were not significant between the two treatments. Row spacing and urea form did not cause significant differences in weed parameters. Related to this, maize fresh and dry biomass, as well as water content, were higher in herbicide-treated variants than in control but differences were insignificant. Maize biomass was somewhat higher in 50 cm rows and after application of the slow-release urea fertilizer. Yield was higher from 70 cm rows and after application of the slow-releasing urea and the herbicides.
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Breeden, Shane M., James T. Brosnan, Gregory K. Breeden, Jose J. Vargas, Gregor Eichberger, Stefan Tresch, and Martin Laforest. "Controlling Dinitroaniline-Resistant Goosegrass (Eleusine indica) in Turfgrass." Weed Technology 31, no. 6 (September 22, 2017): 883–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wet.2017.57.
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Prodiamine is a dinitroaniline herbicide labeled for PRE control of goosegrass in warm- and cool-season turfgrass. In 2013, several golf course roughs in Maryville, TN reported poor goosegrass control (< 20%) following prodiamine treatment at 1,120 g ai ha-1. We harvested suspected prodiamine-resistant (PR) and prodiamine-susceptible (S) goosegrass phenotypes from the field and exposed them to a range of increasing prodiamine concentrations in hydroponic culture. Exposure to prodiamine at 0.001 mM reduced root growth of the S phenotype to 11% of the non-treated check. By comparison, exposure to 0.001 mM prodiamine had minimal effect on the PR phenotype, as root growth was 94% of the non-treated check. Molecular analyses revealed that PR plants contained a threonine (Thr) to isoleucine (Ile) substitution at position 239 on the α-tubulin 1 (TUA1) protein. The substitution, found in all PR plants, is the mechanism of prodiamine resistance in this phenotype. In field studies, topramezone controlled PR goosegrass 72% to 89% by 50 d after treatment (DAT) compared to only 22% to 23% for foramsulfuron. Topramezone treatment injured bermudagrass 34% to 60% from 7 to 14 DAT; however, injury was≤6% 28 DAT and 0% by the end of the study. Our results indicate that POST applications of topramezone can control dinitroaniline-resistant goosegrass. In addition, we established an easy-to-use genotyping assay to quickly screen goosegrass phenotypes for a target-site mutation (Thr-239-Ile) on TUA1 associated with resistance to dinitroaniline herbicides such as prodiamine. Future research should work to expand this assay for use with other weed species and herbicidal modes of action.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Plants, Effect of herbicides. eng"
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Silva, Ilca Puertas de Freitas e. 1986. "Velocidade de absorção do glufosinate e seus efeitos em plantas daninhas e algodão /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86406.
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Orientador: Caio Antonio CarbonariCoorientador: Edivaldo Domingues Velini
Banca: Fernando Tadeu de Carvalho
Banca: Ana Catarina Cataneo
Resumo: O glufosinate é um herbicida derivado do fosfinotricina, uma toxina microbiana natural isolada a partir de duas espécies de fungos do gênero Streptomyces. O mecanismo de ação é a inibição direta da enzima glutamina sintetase, que resulta no aumento da concentração de amônio, sendo tóxico para as células. A pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar a velocidade de absorção do glufosinate e seus efeitos em plantas daninhas e na cultura do algodão. O experimento foi conduzido em casa-de-vegetação com o cultivar de algodão FiberMax 910 e as plantas daninhas Brachiaria decumbens e Ipomoea grandifolia plantadas em vasos. O experimento foi instalado com duas formulações do herbicida, glufosinate de amônio (2,0 L p.c. ha-1) e glufosinate de potássio (2,0 L ha-1), cinco períodos sem a ocorrência de chuvas (1; 3; 6; 24 e 48 horas após aplicação) e uma testemunha sem aplicação com quatro repetições por tratamento. As plantas para as análises laboratoriais foram coletadas com dois dias após aplicação, quando começaram a aparecer os primeiros sintomas de intoxicação visual. As variáveis analisadas foram teor de amônia, glutamato, glutamina e glufosinate; sintomas de intoxicação visual e taxa de transporte de elétrons (ETR). Foi observado... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Glufosinate is derived of phosphinothricin, a natural microbial toxin isolated from two species of the Streptomyces fungus. The mechanism of action is through direct inhibition of the glutamine synthetase enzyme, which results in the increase of ammonium concentration, becoming toxic to the cells. The objective of this study was to evaluate the rate of absorption of glufosinate and its effects on weeds and cotton culture. The experiment was conducted in a green house, the cultivar of cotton FiberMax 910, Brachiaria decumbens and Ipomoea grandifolia planted in 5 liter pots. The experiment was conducted with two formulations of the herbicide, glufosinate ammonium (2.0 pc L ha-1) and glufosinate potassium (2.0 L ha-1), five periods without rainfall (1, 3, 6, 24 and 48 hours after application) and an untreated control with all treatments were replicated four times. The plants for laboratory analysis were collected within 2 days after application, when the first visual symptoms of intoxication began to appear. The analyzed variables were the ammonia content, the content of compounds that belongs to the glufosinate metabolic route (glutamate and glutamine), glufosinate content, visual symptoms of intoxication and electron transport rate (ETR). It was observed that the absorption of glufosinate occurs within 48 hours of application for both formulations and evaluated species. The amount of ammonia in the commercial formulation did not interfere with ammonia levels observed in intoxicated plants. The highest levels of ammonia for cotton occurred at 5 hours without rain, and for B. decumbens and I. grandifolia with 6 hours without rain. We have observed a significant reduction of glutamate and glutamine in plants treated with the two formulations of glufosinate, with the lowest levels found in cotton and B. decumbens carried out in... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Alves, Elza. "Seletividade de herbicidas para gramíneas forrageiras tropicais aplicados em pré e pós-emergência /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86467.
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Resumo: O presente trabalho constou de oito estudos, que foram realizados em casa-de-vegetação, nos quais avaliou-se a seletividade de diferentes herbicidas, aplicados em pré e pós-emergência, em algumas gramíneas forrageiras tropicais: Brachiaria decumbens Stapf cv. Basilisk, Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst) Stapf cv. Marandu, Panicum maximum Jacq cv. Tanzânia e Panicum maximum Jacq cv. Mombaça. Os herbicidas e doses utilizadas, em g i.a /ha, foram: (i) aplicados em pós-emergência, imazethapyr a 50 e 100, metsulfuron-methyl a 1,0 e 2,0, chlorimuron-ethyl a 7,5 e 15, nicosulfuron a 25 e 50, bentazon a 360 e 720, diclofop-metil 140 e 280, fenoxaprop-ethyl a 30 e 60, atrazine 1.500 e 3.000 e ametryne a 625 e 1.250 e (ii) aplicados em pré-emergência, alachlor a 1.680 e 3.360, metolachlor 1.200 e 2.400, diuron a 800 e 1.600, imazaquin a 75 e 150, imazapyr a 250 e 500, imazethapyr a 50 e 100, clomazone a 450 e 900, flumetsulam a 70 e 140, ametryne a 625 e 1.250, metribuzin a 525 e 1.050 e trifluralin a 900 e 1.800, além de testemunha sem aplicação de herbicidas. Utilizou-se delineamento inteiramente casualizado com os tratamentos em seis repetições. O consumo de calda de aplicação foi de 180 L/ha e a barra de aplicação continha quatro bicos de jato plano, tipo Teejet 110.02 espaçados de 0,50 m e posicionados a 0,50 m de altura dos vasos. Avaliou-se a intoxicação das plantas com uma escala visual de notas e, no final dos estudos, a altura e massa da matéria seca de plantas. Para o P. maximum cv. Mombaça, apenas os herbicidas imazaquin, na menor dose, imazethapyr e flumetsulam aplicados em pré-emergência, foram seletivos; os herbicidas metsulfuron-methyl, chlorimuron-ethyl, nicosulfuron, diclofop-methil, atrazine e ametryne aplicados em pós-emergência, foram visualmente seletivos para a cultivar Mombaça. Para o P. maximum cv. Tanzânia, os herbicidas... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo).Abstract: This research was accomplished in eight experiments, carried out in green house with the aim of to avaluating the selectivity of different herbicides, applied at pre and post-emergence, in the following tropical grass forages: Brachiaria decumbens Stapf cv. Basilisk, Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst) Stapf cv. Marandu, Panicum maximum Jacq cv. Tanzânia and Panicum maximum Jacq cv. Mombaça. The herbicides and doses (g a.e. /ha) acessed were (i) pulverized in post-emergence imazethapyr at 50 and 100, metsulfuron-methyl at 1,0 and 2,0, chlorimuron-ethyl at 7,5 and 15, nicosulfuron at 25 and 50, bentazon at 360 and 720, diclofop-metil at 140 and 280, fenoxaprop-ethyl at 30 and 60, atrazine at 1.500 and 3.000 and ametryne at 625 and 1.250, (ii) in pre-emegency, alachlor at 1.680 and 3.360, metolachlor at 1.200 and 2.400, diuron at 800 and 1.600, imazaquin at 75 and 150, imazapyr at 250 and 500, imazethapyr at 50 and 100, clomazone at 450 and 900, flumetsulam at 70 and 140, ametryne at 625 and 1.250, metribuzin at 525 and 1.050, trifluralin at 900 and 1.800, and a control plot. The experimental design was totally randomized, with the trataments with six replications. The application solution consumed was 180 L/ha and the application bar had four TEEJET 110.02 plain jet nozzle, at 0,5 m height from each other and at 0,5 m from the pulverized pots. The plants intoxication was evaluated by a visual grade scale. At the end of the study plant height and dry matter weight were evaluated. To P. maximum cv. Mombaça, only imazaquin at the lower dose, imazethapyr and flumetsulam applied in preemergency acted selectively. The post-emergence herbicides, metsulfuron-methyl, chlorimuron-ethyl, nicosulfuron, diclofop-methil, atrazine and ametryne were visually selectives to Mombaça cultivar. To P. maximum cv. Tanzânia, the post-emergence herbicides... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below).
Orientador: Dagoberto Martins
Coorientador: Francisco H. Dubbern de Souza
Banca: Pedro Luis da Costa A. Alves
Banca: Ciniro Costa
Mestre
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Anderson, Annette. "The effects of acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibiting herbicides on the growth, yield, nodulation and nitrogen fixation of selected legumes." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09pha545.pdf.
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Bibliography: leaves 251-268. The main aim of this thesis is to determine the effects of sulfonylurea residues and in-crop usage of selected ALS-inhibiting herbicides on the growth, yield, nodulation and nitrogen fixation of legumes under alkaline conditions. Reviews literature concerning ALS-inhibiting herbicides, nitrogen fixation and the effects of herbicides on legumes, rhizobia, nodulation and nitrogen fixation; Glasshouse trial investigating the effects of flumetsulam on biomass and nodulation of chickpea; Field trail investigating the effects of sulfonylurea residues and 'in crop' usage of flumetsulam on medic shoot biomass and seed yield and the effects of chlorsulfuron residues and 'in crop' usage of flumetsulam and imazethapyr on chickpea shoot biomass, grain yield and nitrogen fixation; develops methodologies for experiments investigating the effects of ALS-inhibiting herbicides on nodulation of chickpea.
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SATTI, MOHAMED AHMED EISA. "THE MECHANISM OF ACTION OF FLUAZIFOP-BUTYL, HALOXYFOP-METHYL, AND SETHOXYDIM HERBICIDES ON WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) SEEDLINGS (CHLOROPLAST DEVELOPMENT)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/188097.
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Haloxyfop-methyl 2-[4-[ [3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl] oxy] phenoxy] propanoate, fluazifop-butyl (±)-2-[4-[ [5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl] oxy] phenoxy] propanoate, and sethoxydim 2- [1-(ethoxyimino)butyl]-5- [2-(ethylthio)propyl] -3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one modified chloroplast pigment, growth, anatomy, and ultrastructure of pre- and postemergent-treated wheat (Triticum aestivum 'Pavon 76') seedlings. Seedlings were grown under 16 h photoperiod (105 μE/M²/S) at 32/24 C day/night temperature. Pigment, growth and anatomical studies were made on pre- and postemergent-treated seedlings. Postemergent treatments were applied to 6-day-old seedlings. Carotenoid levels were reduced by 90 to 94% in preemergent-treated seedlings at 5 x 10⁻⁵ M for each herbicide. Postemergent application of 10⁻³ M haloxyfop-methyl and sethoxydim caused a reduction of 11 and 15% in carotenoid concentration than the control, respectively. Also, they produced a significant reduction in chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll concentration. Preemergent treatment with 5 x 10⁻⁶ M of each herbicide caused a reduction of 78 to 91% in leaf fresh weight and 72 to 84% reduction in root dry weight as compared to the control. Height of the seedlings was reduced by 79 to 86% of the control. Postemergent treatments with 10⁻³ M of each herbicide reduced the length of the second leaf by 98%, whereas length of the first leaf was reduced by 36% following haloxyfop-methyl treatment and 45% following fluazifop-butyl or sethoxydim treatments. Fresh weight of leaf tissue treated with 10⁻³ M of each herbicide was reduced by 40%. Preemergent treatment of the seedlings with 3 x 10⁻⁶ and 5 x 10⁻⁶ M haloxyfop-methyl or with 5 x 10⁻⁶ M fluazifop-butyl or sethoxydim caused 35 to 50% enlargement of mesophyll cells as compared to the control. These cells appeared to contain less cytoplasm. Post- emergent application of 10⁻³ M of each herbicide caused swelling of mesophyll cells. Ultrastructural studies showed that plastids of seedlings germinated in 5 x 10⁻⁶ M of each herbicide were disrupted, swollen, and lacked internal thylakoids but contained masses of plastoglobuli. The chloroplasts of postemergent-treated seedlings had fewer granal and intergranal thylakoids, but the injury to plastids was less severe than in preemergent treatments.
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Nelson, J. M., D. A. Dierig, and G. L. Hart. "Effect of Planting Date, Nitrogen Fertility and Postemergence Herbicides on Lesquerella Production." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/201436.
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Lesquerella is a potential crop plant that produces seeds containing hydroxy fatty acids similar to those in castor beans. An important step in the commercialization of this plant for Arizona farms is the development of an efficient agronomic production system. Research on cultural practices for lesquerella was conducted during the 1991-92 and 1992-93 seasons. Results of planting date experiments indicate that early fall planting dates are superior to late fall or winter dates in terms of dry matter production and seed yield. Lesquerella produced a marked response to nitrogen (N) in tests comparing different N rates. In a postemergence weed control test, several herbicides gave good control of small winter weeds.
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Voss, Joshua. "Forage adaptability trials for forage and seed production in Bolivia : effect of 5 herbicides on 7 native Utah forbs /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2006. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1639.pdf.
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Fajri, Abolhassan. "Nitrogen fixation by pasture legumes : effects of herbicides and defoliation." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phf1755.pdf.
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Bibliography: leaves 209-254. Experiments detailed in this thesis, evaluate the impact of various herbicides and herbicide mixtures on the growth, nodulation and nitrogen fixation of annual pasture legumes, the efficacy of the herbicides for weed control, and the potential role of mechanical defoliation to replace herbicides, leading to lower cost and more sustainable farming systems.
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Upham, Brad Luther. "Interactions of paraquat and nitrodiphenylether herbicides with the chloroplast photosynthetic electron transport in the activation of toxic oxygen species." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/82614.
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The interactions of paraquat (methylviologen) and diphenylether herbicides with the Mehler reaction as investigated. Sera from two different rabbits (RS1 & RS2) were examined for their patterns of inhibition of the photosynthetic electron transport (PET) system. Serum from RS2 was greatly hemolyzed. Fifty ul of RS1 serum were required for 100% inhibition of a H₂O → methylviologen(MV)/O₂ reaction, whereas only 10 µl of a 1:10 dilution of RS2 were needed for 100% inhibition. The γ-globulin fraction from purified rabbit serum (RS1) did not inhibit PET, indicating that the antibody fraction of the rabbit serum does not contain the inhibitor. It appears that the inhibitor is from the hemolyzed red blood cells. Rabbit sera, added to chloroplast preparations prior illumination, caused no inhibition of a H₂O → MV/O₂ reaction while addition of rabbit sera during illumination inhibited the H₂O → MV/O₂ reaction within 1-3 s. Various Hill reactions were used to determine the site of inhibition. Rabbit sera inhibited photosystem I (PSI) Hill reactions, but did not inhibit a photosystem II (PSI II) Hill reaction indicating that inhibition is on the reducing side of PSI. It would be expected that a H₂O → Ferredoxin (Fd)/NADP Hill reaction should also be blocked. Surprisingly, rabbit sera did not inhibit this reaction. These results were interpreted as supportive evidence for parallel (branched) electron transport on the reducing side of PSI.
Six pyridyl derivatives {benzylviologen, 2-anilinopyridine, 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane, 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene, 2-benzoylpyridine, and 2-benzylaminopyridine} and five heme-iron derivatives {hemoglobin, hemin, hematin, ferritin, and ferrocene} were screened for their potential to counteract paraquat toxicity on pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Little Marvel) isolated chloroplasts. H₂O → MV/O₂ and H₂O → Fd/NADP+ were the two Hill reactions assayed with these compounds. Antagonists of paraquat toxicity should inhibit the first Hill reaction but not the latter. None of the pyridyl derivatives examined inhibited the reaction H₂O → MV/O₂. Ferritin and ferrocene were also ineffective as inhibitors of this reaction. Hemoglobin inhibited the reaction H₂O → MV/O₂ without inhibiting the reaction H₂O → Fd/NADP+, providing protection to pea chloroplasts against paraquat. Hemin and hematin inhibited both Hill reactions examined. Hemin and hematin also inhibited H₂O → diaminodurene (ox) and durohydroquinone → MV/O₂ Hill reactions but not the dichlorophenylindolphenol(red) → MV/O₂ and diaminodurene(red) → MV/O₂ Hill reactions. These results indicate that hemin and hematin are inhibiting photosynthetic electron transport in the plastoquinone pool region.
Potential involvement of hydroxyl and alkoxyl radicals in the peroxidative action of the p-nitro diphenyl ether herbicides acifluorfen was evaluated under laboratory conditions. Methional was added to illuminated pea thylakoids and its oxidation to ethylene was used as an indicator of hydroxyl and alkoxyl radical synthesis. Oxyfluorfenstimulation of the rate of methional oxidation was dependent on light, photosynthetic electron transport and hydrogen peroxide since it was not observed under dark conditions or in the presence of DCMU and catalase. Addition of FeEDTA, a catalyst of the Fenton reaction, stimulated the oxyfluorfen-induced enhancement of methional oxidation six-fold suggesting that hydroxyl radicals are synthesized through a Fenton reaction. Acifluorfen, nitrofen and nitrofluorfen inhibited the rate of methional oxidation whereas, acifluorfen-methyl had no effect on the rate of methional oxidation even at high concentrations (1 mM). Nitrofluorfen at 1 mM was the only p-nitro diphenyl ether herbicide tested which inhibited photosynthetic electron transport of pea thylakoids. In experiments with pea leaf discs, acifluorfen at low concentrations stimulated the rate of methional oxidation, while acifluorfen-methyl, nitrofen and nitrofluorfen had no effect. These data indicate that hydroxyl and alkoxyl radicals could be involved in the mechanism of cellular damage caused by oxyfluorfen, but they are not important for the activity of the diphenyl ether herbicides acifluorfen, acifluorfen-methyl, nitrofen, and nitrofluorfen.
Diethyldithiocarbamate (DEDTC) does not accept electrons from the photosynthetic electron transport (PET), but can donate electrons to a photosystem I (PSI) Mehler reaction in the presence of the following PET inhibitors: diuron, dibromothymoquinone, and bathophenanthroline. It cannot photoreduce PSI in the presence of cyanide, a PET inhibitor. These data indicate that the site of electron donation is after the plastoquinone pool. Ascorbate is not required for the ability of DEDTC to donate electrons to PSI. There is no photoreductant activity by DEDTC in a ferredoxin/NADP Hill reaction. Superoxide dismutase inhibits DEDTC/diuron or bathophenanthroline → MV/O₂ Mehler reaction. Catalase does not restore the consumed O₂ from a DEDTC/diuron → MV/O₂ Mehler reaction, indicating O₂- has not been dissmutating into H₂O₂. These results indicate that superoxide is required for DEDTC ability to donate electrons, therefore DEDTC is limited only to Mehler-type reactions.Ph. D.
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Ackley, John A. "Efficacy and selectivity of the herbicide rimsulfuron in potatoes [Solanum tuberosum], transplanted tomatoes [Lycopersicum esculentum], and transplanted peppers [Capsicum annum]." Thesis, This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06302009-040447/.
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Lee, Codee Zebedee. "Postemergence Efficacy of Pyroxasulfone at Different Rates and Timings in Wheat." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29009.
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Pyroxasulfone is a VLCFA inhibitor labeled to control grasses and small-seeded broadleaf weeds. Little information is available regarding this herbicide being applied postemergence. Two field experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of pyroxasulfone used postemergence. Pyroxasulfone applied to 2-leaf wheat controlled up to 83% of the green foxtail but had little to no effect on broadleaves. An additional field study was conducted to determine if pyroxasulfone could give supplemental green foxtail control when tank-mixed with ALS inhibitors. Few tank-mix combinations increased control, and the tank-mixes that did had inadequate control, <70%. Greenhouse experiments were also conducted. The first concluded that a wide range of grass species are susceptible to pyroxasulfone applied postemergence. The second demonstrated weed control with pyroxasulfone is almost exclusively due to root uptake. Contradicting levels of control between field and greenhouse experiments suggests more information is needed before pyroxasulfone can be utilized as a postemergence herbicide.North Dakota State University. Department of Plant Sciences
Books on the topic "Plants, Effect of herbicides. eng"
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Voskoboĭnikov, V. V. Gerbit͡s︡idy v drevesnykh i plodovo-i͡a︡godnykh nasazhdenii͡a︡kh Donbassa. Kiev: Nauk. dumka, 1991.
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Cobb, Andrew. Herbicides and plant physiology. 2nd ed. Ames, Iowa: Blackwell Pub., 2010.
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MacLean, Jayne T. Herbicides, ecological effects, 1979-85: 207 citations. Beltsville, Md: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, National Agricultural Library, 1986.
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Herrmann, Gerhard. Biochemische, physiologische und immunologische Untersuchungen zum Herbizid-Bindeprotein aus Thylakoidmembranen von einzelligen Algen und höheren Pflanzen. Konstanz: Hartung-Gorre, 1987.
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Harniss, Roy O. Survey of aspen stands treated with herbicides in the western United States. [Ogden, Utah]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1985.
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1944-, Duke Stephen O., and Fedtke Carl 1940-, eds. Physiology of herbicide action. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: P T R Prentice Hall, 1993.
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Balfour, Patty M. Effects of forest herbicides on some important wildlife forage species. Victoria, B.C: Forestry Canada, 1989.
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MacLean, Jayne T. Herbicides, ecological effects, January 1979-September 1988: 300 citations. Beltsville, Md: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, National Agricultural Library, 1989.
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MacLean, Jayne T. Herbicides, ecological effects, January 1983-December 1984: 95 citations. Beltsville, Md: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, National Agricultural Library, 1985.
Find full textConference papers on the topic "Plants, Effect of herbicides. eng"
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Timergalin, M. D., A. V. Feoktistova, T. V. Rameev, S. P. Chetverikov, and Z. R. Sultangazin. "Wheat yields of herbicide treatment along with auxin-producing bacteria Pseudomonas sp. DА1.2." In 2nd International Scientific Conference "Plants and Microbes: the Future of Biotechnology". PLAMIC2020 Organizing committee, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/plamic2020.246.
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The effect of the identified auxin-producing strain of bacteria on wheat plants when treated with the herbicides Chistalan and Nanometh in the field was studied. The ability of bacterial treatment to increase wheat yield under herbicidal stress due to the positive effect of bacteria on plant growth and development at early stages of development is shown.