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Fatemeh, H. M. "HISTORY OF DISTILLATES AND MEDICINAL PLANTS AND THEIR PROPERTIES." AGRO-INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGIES OF THE CENTRAL RUSSIA 21, no. 3 (September 2021): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.24888/2541-7835-2021-21-38-44.
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The first use of medicinal plants in the Middle East dates back to the Paleolithic. Travelers and merchants introduced the Greek and Roman treatments to Chinese and Indian physicians, who mixed and practiced these practices with their own. But later, with the establishment of the Cru-sades, Greek (Islamic) medicine also found its way to European medicine. It should also be said that the production of sweat, including rose and rose-making in Iran is very old and has many us-es, such as rose water to perfume people They used it and used it for cooking food and sweets (halva, rice sweets, yellow flakes, minced stew, rice milk) and also used other distillates, for ex-ample, mint juice was mixed with slices of lemon and in summer They were used to prevent heat-stroke and quench thirst, but today these healthy and natural drinks have been forgotten and re-placed by carbonated drinks that eventually cause obesity, high blood sugar and tooth decay. How good it is to live in a time of modern and industrial escape from the lives of our ancestors who lived healthy and without the worries of various diseases.
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Jamshidi-Kia, Fatemeh, Zahra Lorigooini, and Hossein Amini-Khoei. "Medicinal plants: Past history and future perspective." Journal of Herbmed Pharmacology 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/jhp.2018.01.
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Amiri, Mohammad Sadegh, Mohammad Ehsan Taghavizadeh Yazdi, and Mostafa Rahnama. "Medicinal plants and phytotherapy in Iran: Glorious history, current status and future prospects." Plant Science Today 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 95–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.14719/pst.2021.8.1.926.
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This study is an endeavour to analyse the status of medicinal plants research in Iran. Because of its exceptional phytogeography, Iran has a unique and diverse flora. It is estimated that, 8167 species of vascular plants are present in Iran of which about 2075 have medicinal importance. Situated at the heart of the Silk Road, Iran enjoys a mix of cultures providing a rich backbone for the development of traditional herbal medicine practices. Notwithstanding the brilliant history in traditional medicine and success of investigation to produce herbal medicines, attempts in recent decades, face many challenges. Many text and paper about these concerns were never translated in English. Strong need was felt to record such data of medicinal plants of Iran, their conservation status and related information. The scattered literature over medicinal plants of Iran were collected, analysed and presented in this review, highlighting not only their therapeutic potential but also concerns about product authenticity, quality, safety and efficacy. This will provide ways for future scientific research in this area. Awareness of critical issues in traditional medicinal herbs can play a pivotal role in the discovery and development of plant based drugs and to sustain consumer confidence.
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Cabral, João Paulo. "Que plantas eram cultivadas no Horto Real de Xabregas criado por Gabriel Grisley em Lisboa no século XVII?" História da Ciência e Ensino: construindo interfaces 20 (December 29, 2019): 714–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.23925/2178-2911.2019v20espp714-724.
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Resumo Gabriel Grisley, médico, botânico e químico alemão, veio para Portugal na década de 1610. Em Lisboa, perto da foz do rio Xabregas, criou um horto que teve privilégio régio. Percorreu o reino estudando a flora espontânea e cultivada. Além de Viridarium lusitanicum (1661), publicou a obra Desenganos para a medicina (1656) onde enumera e descreve 260 plantas medicinais, a maioria das quais estaria em cultura no Horto Real de Xabregas. A partir dos nomes comuns das plantas e dos nomes latinos usados por Grisley, e recorrendo a bibliografia especializada, foi possível identificar, com razoável certeza, todas estas 260 plantas. Cerca de 2/3 eram espécies da flora espontânea portuguesa. A grande maioria era de herbáceas ou lenhosas de pequeno porte. Existiam 20 arbustos, mas só cinco árvores. Todas as plantas são referidas como medicinais em bibliografia moderna, indicando que o horto de Xabregas era de cariz medicinal, como era usual nesta época. As obras de Grisley não têm merecido a devida atenção, em parte devido à inerente dificuldade em identificar plantas designadas por nomenclaturas pré- lineanas. A identificação feita no presente trabalho de todas as plantas mencionadas em Desenganos para a medicina e muito provavelmente cultivadas no Horto Real de Xabregas é o ponto de partida para um melhor conhecimento da história natural e da matéria médica do Portugal de Seiscentos, temática para a qual a informação disponível é muito escassa. Palavras-chave: Gabriel Grisley; Horto Real de Xabregas; Portugal Abstract Gabriel Grisley, a german physician, botanist, and chemist, came to Portugal in the 1610s. In Lisbon, near the mouth of the Xabregas River, he created a garden that had royal privilege. He toured the kingdom studying the spontaneous and cultivated flora. In addition to Viridarium lusitanicum (1661), he published Desenganos para a medicina (1656), where he lists and describes 260 medicinal plants, most of which were probably cultivated in the Royal Garden of Xabregas. From the common names of the plants and Latin names used by Grisley, and consulting specialized literature, it was possible to identify, with reasonable certainty, all these 260 plants mentioned in Desenganos. About 2/3 were species of the Portuguese spontaneous flora. The vast majority were herbaceous or small woody plants. There were 20 shrubs, but only five trees. All plants are referred as medicinal in the modern bibliography, indicating that the Royal Garden of Xabregas was medicinal, as was usual at this time. Grisley's works have not deserved due attention, in part because of the inherent difficulty in identifying plants designated by pre- Linnaean nomenclatures. The identification made in the present work of all the plants mentioned in Desenganos para a medicina and most probably cultivated in the Royal Garden of Xabregas is the starting point for a better knowledge of the natural history and the medical matter of the Portugal in the 17th century, a theme for which the available information is very scarce. Keywords: Gabriel Grisley; Royal Garden of Xabregas; Portugal.
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Ferreira, T. S., C. Z. Moreira, N. Z. Cária, G. Victoriano, W. F. SILVA Jr, and J. C. Magalhães. "Phytotherapy: an introduction to its history, use and application." Revista Brasileira de Plantas Medicinais 16, no. 2 (June 2014): 290–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-05722014000200019.
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There has been a great advance in the pharmacognosy field, which has increased the use of medicinal plants by health professionals and practitioners of folk medicine. This systematic review explored the history and the present day application of phytotherapeutic medicines. We searched the databases Cochrane Library, Embase, Lilacs, PubMed, Scielo and a specialized bibliography. We concluded that there are many therapeutic potentialities in the use of phytotherapeutic medicines and medicinal plants. We also concluded that despite the increasing number of publications in the field each year, there is still a lack of reviews and meta-analyses that could promote a better integration of the knowledge produced. In addition, research about pharmacological interactions and multidisciplinary studies may promote a quicker and safer process from the workbench up to the clinical trials.
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Bruck, Isaac S. "Medicinal Plants, Folk Medicine, Ethnomedicine, History and Pharmacology." Economic Botany 56, no. 2 (April 2002): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1663/0013-0001(2002)056[0214:mpfmeh]2.0.co;2.
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Mickle, James E. "The Natural History of Medicinal Plants Judith Sumner." American Biology Teacher 63, no. 7 (September 2001): 536–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4451180.
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Etkin, Nina L. "The Natural History of Medicinal Plants. Judith Sumner." Quarterly Review of Biology 76, no. 4 (December 2001): 480–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/420558.
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Lixin, Yang, Huai Huyin, and Pei Shengji. "Medicinal Plants and Their Conservation in China with Reference to the Chinese Himalayan Region." Asian Medicine 5, no. 2 (2009): 273–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157342109x568810.
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The use of herbal medicine in China has a long history. Since ancient times, plants have been the main source of medicines for people’s healthcare all over China. Today, medicinal plants are widely used in different medical systems including Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and Tibetan Medicine (TM) for health care and functional food in China, and as supplies of natural products for industrial manufacturing for the international market. In the last half-century, great progress has been made in science and technology and there has been rapid social and economic development. The impact of this rapid development and population pressures on medicinal plants from wild habitats increases day by day. The modernization policy of traditional medicine in China is seen as a challenge to maintaining traditional medical systems. The Chinese Himalayan Region covers five provinces (Tibet, Qinghai, Gansu, Sichuan, and Yunnan) in west China, with a land area of 2 million km², including the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in the west and the Hengduan Mountains in the southwest. In this paper, we discuss the rich diversity of medicinal plants of China and the Chinese Himalayan Region; the diversity of medicinal plant utilization of China; threatened medicinal plants and threats to medicinal plants; the conservation status of medicinal plants in China; and proposed Important Plant Areas for medical plants in the Chinese Himalayan Region.
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De los Santos, Bruna Pinto, Luiz Alberto Kanis, and Jefferson Ricardo Pereira. "Herbal medicines in dentistry: history, obtainment methods, and properties of Copaifera multijuga hayne and Baccharis dracunculifolia dc." Journal of Research in Dentistry 3, no. 6 (June 21, 2016): 859. http://dx.doi.org/10.19177/jrd.v3e62015859-868.
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The aim of this study was to do a literature review on herbal medicines used in dentistry. For that purpose, an electronic search of papers in Portuguese, Spanish, and English was performed in the following databases: PubMed, MEDLINE, SciELO, Science Direct, LILACS, and BBO, supplemented by hand search in books, theses, and journals. For the search, the following keywords were used: phytotherapy, Copaifera, and Baccharis dracunculifolia. Medicinal plants have been used since ancient times and some of them such as the Copaifera multijuga Hayne and Baccharis dracunculifolia DC have shown medicinal properties. Different ways to obtain extracts from those plants have been described, as well as their many important properties, such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antiseptic effects. However, studies on their medicinal properties are still scarce, which indicates the need for further studies to unravel their effects and possible side effects, as well as implications of improper use of these plants.
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Al-mansour, Baraa. "Pharmacological Effects of Sacred Oils Belonging to Ancient Civilizations." Sumerianz Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary, no. 42 (May 23, 2021): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.47752/sjav.42.55.68.
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Over the centuries, humanity has known and utilized some sacred oils extracted from their medicinal plants for therapeutic purpose. They are considered as good source of bioactive compounds having a wide range of vital biological activities. Aromatic oils have been a part of human history for more than 3,500 years BC and appeared with regularity throughout all major civilizations down the ages, with uses ranging from religious ritual, food flavoring, medicines, perfumery and the masking of bad odors. It is impossible to date exactly when plants were first used medicinally, since such a development would have taken place over thousands of years. During recent decades, many researchers have investigated the mechanisms of action and the therapeutic use of essential oils as physical, emotional, and spiritual well-being. This review, highlights on some sacred essential oils extracted from important traditional medicinal plants that possesses several pharmacological properties, considering that the safety and versatility of this these supplement should allow for its use in numerous pathological conditions.
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Khan, Haroon. "Medicinal Plants in Light of History: Recognized Therapeutic Modality." Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine 19, no. 3 (May 2014): 216–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2156587214533346.
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Medicinal plants have an unbelievable history in terms of serving humanity in almost all continents of the world. Traditional healers have transferred that incredible knowledge from generation to generation. Even modernity or cultural revolutions have not altered the in-depth wisdom of this natural medical paradigm. Pharmacological rationale in light of traditional uses followed by phytochemical studies could surely bring a new revolution in the treatment of diseases.
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Perpétuo, Natacha Catarina, Maria da Graça Campos, Paulo Renato Trincão, and António Pereira Coutinho. "Breve história da toxicologia vegetal: alguns usos das plantas tóxicas ao longo do tempo." História da Ciência e Ensino: construindo interfaces 20 (December 29, 2019): 248–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.23925/2178-2911.2019v20espp248-264.
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ResumoEste trabalho pretende fazer uma breve análise da história da toxicologia e dos usos que as plantas tóxicas e os seus venenos foram tendo ao longo da história da humanidade, nomeadamente na Antiguidade. As possibilidades de utilização das plantas são praticamente ilimitadas. Assim, pode afirmar-se que a sua importância para o ser humano é inquestionável. O Homem recorre a elas desde a Pré-História, não só pelo seu valor nutricional e terapêutico, mas atribuindo-lhes, também, significados religiosos, estéticos, poéticos e morais. As práticas médicas ancestrais usavam as plantas com fins curativos, podendo considerar-se a fitoterapia como a forma de tratamento mais antiga. Esta prática manteve-se até ao final do séc. XIX/início do séc. XX, quando se isolaram as primeiras substâncias químicas bioactivas das plantas medicinais de origem (ex.: aspirina, digitalina, morfina).À semelhança das suas propriedades medicinais, também o conhecimento e uso dos venenos das plantas remonta à Antiguidade, tendo sido utilizados com diversos propósitos (ex.: caça, pesca, guerra, suicídio, homicídio).O conhecimento da história da toxicologia tem interesse no âmbito de várias disciplinas das áreas das ciências naturais e da saúde, como a medicina, a farmácia, a biologia, a bioquímica, as ciências forenses, entre outras.Palavras-chave: Envenenamentos; Plantas tóxicas; Venenos.AbstractThis work intends to make a brief analysis of the history of toxicology and the uses that toxic plants and their poisons have had throughout the history of mankind, namely in the Antiquity.The possibilities for plant use are practically unlimited. Thus, we can affirm that its importance to the human being is unquestionable. Man uses them since the Prehistory, not only for their nutritional and therapeutic value, but also attributing them religious, aesthetic, poetic and moral meanings. Ancient medical practices used plants for healing purposes, and phytotherapy may be considered as the oldest form of treatment. This practice continued until the end of the 19th century/early 20th century, when the first bioactive chemicals were isolated from the medicinal plants of origin (e.g. aspirin, digitalin, morphine). Like its medicinal properties, the knowledge and use of plant poisons can be traced back to Antiquity, and have been used for various purposes (e.g. hunting, fishing, war, suicide, homicide). Knowledge of the history of toxicology is of interest in various disciplines in the fields of natural sciences and health, such as medicine, pharmacy, biology, biochemistry, forensic sciences, among others.Keywords: Poisoning; Toxic plants; Poisons.
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Solowey, Elisha, Michal Lichtenstein, Sarah Sallon, Helena Paavilainen, Elaine Solowey, and Haya Lorberboum-Galski. "Evaluating Medicinal Plants for Anticancer Activity." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/721402.
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Plants have been used for medical purposes since the beginning of human history and are the basis of modern medicine. Most chemotherapeutic drugs for cancer treatment are molecules identified and isolated from plants or their synthetic derivatives. Our hypothesis was that whole plant extracts selected according to ethnobotanical sources of historical use might contain multiple molecules with antitumor activities that could be very effective in killing human cancer cells. This study examined the effects of three whole plant extracts (ethanol extraction) on human tumor cells. The extracts were fromUrtica membranacea(Urticaceae),Artemesia monosperma(Asteraceae), andOriganum dayi post(Labiatae). All three plant extracts exhibited dose- and time-dependent killing capabilities in various human derived tumor cell lines and primary cultures established from patients’ biopsies. The killing activity was specific toward tumor cells, as the plant extracts had no effect on primary cultures of healthy human cells. Cell death caused by the whole plant extracts is via apoptosis. Plant extract 5 (Urtica membranacea) showed particularly strong anticancer capabilities since it inhibited actual tumor progression in a breast adenocarcinoma mouse model. Our results suggest that whole plant extracts are promising anticancer reagents.
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Shikov, Alexander N., Olga N. Pozharitskaya, Valery G. Makarov, Hildebert Wagner, Rob Verpoorte, and Michael Heinrich. "Medicinal Plants of the Russian Pharmacopoeia; their history and applications." Journal of Ethnopharmacology 154, no. 3 (July 2014): 481–536. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2014.04.007.
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Hollman, Arthur. "John Gerard, physic gardens and medicinal plants." Journal of Medical Biography 19, no. 2 (May 2011): 47–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/jmb.2011.011001.
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Naveed, Muhammad, Fatima Majeed, Abdoh Taleb, Hafiz Muhammad Zubair, Muhammad Shumzaid, Muhammad Asim Farooq, Mirza Muhammad Faran Ashraf Baig, Muhammad Abbas, Muhammad Saeed, and Li Changxing. "A Review of Medicinal Plants in Cardiovascular Disorders: Benefits and Risks." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 48, no. 02 (January 2020): 259–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x20500147.
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Many cultivated and wild plants are used for the management of various diseases, specifically renal and hepatic diseases and those of the immune and cardiovascular systems. In China, medicinal plants from ancient to modern history have been used in patients with angina pectoris, congestive heart failure (CHF), systolic hypertension, arrhythmia, and venous insufficiency for centuries. The latest increase in the fame of natural products and alternative medicine has revived interest in conventional remedies that have been consumed in the management of CVD. The cardio-protective properties of the various herbs are possibly due to their anti-oxidative, antihypercholesterolemic, anti-ischemic activities, and inhibition of platelet aggregation that reduce the risk of CVD. Ethno-pharmacological and biological properties of these plants are explored, based upon published scientific literature. Although a majority of medicinal plants having a biological mechanism that linked with CVD management, to date, published literature pertaining to their promising scientific properties are still poorly understood. Compared with synthetic medicines, alternative medicines do not need scientific studies before their formal approval from the government sector and due to this purpose; their safety, as well as efficacy, still remain elusive. Taken together, we addressed all accessible evidence on alternative medicines commonly consumed in CVD management. Our comprehensive analysis of the scientific literature indicated that many TCMs are available and valuable herbal medication would be the best alternative for the management of CVD as a complementary therapy. Furthermore, practitioners should always discuss possible benefits–risks of alternative medicines with patients so that they are aware of the consumption of alternative medications.
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Dalu, Aishwarya P., Vinayak S. Zagare, Priyamala E. Avchar, Megha P. Kadam, Ashwini S. Ingole, Shatrughna U. Nagrik, and Prashant A. Patil. "A Pharmacological Potential of Adina cordifolia." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 11, no. 2-S (April 15, 2021): 132–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v11i2-s.4652.
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Adina cordifolia belongs to the Rubiaceae family. Flavonoids, carbohydrate, alkaloid, saponin, phenol, tannins, terpenoids, and cardiac glycosides were found in Adina cordifolia plant extracts. Herbal medicines have been the highly esteemed source of medicine throughout human history. They are widely used today indicating that herbs are a growing part of modern, high-tech medicine. The medicinal plants, besides having natural therapeutic values against various diseases and considerable works have been done on these plants to treat chronic Cough, Jaundice, Stomachaches, Cancer, Diabetes, and a variety of other ailments. Present review deals with botanical description and various pharmacological action, and medicinal uses of Adina cordifolia.
Keywords: Adina cordifolia, Pharmacological Potential, Extract, Taxonomy.
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Batanouny, K. H. "THE WILD MEDICINAL PLANTS IN NORTH AFRICA: HISTORY AND PRESENT STATUS." Acta Horticulturae, no. 500 (August 1999): 183–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1999.500.26.
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Aung, Hnin Thanda, Myint Myint Sein, Mya Mu Aye, and Zaw Min Thu. "A Review of Traditional Medicinal Plants from Kachin State, Northern Myanmar." Natural Product Communications 11, no. 3 (March 2016): 1934578X1601100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1601100310.
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Medicinal plants are a vital source of medication in developing countries. In Kachin State, Northern Myanmar, the people have a long history of the use of traditional plants for medicinal purposes. This article deals with the 25 most used medicinal plants in Kachin State. They are: Drynaria fortunei, Tetrastigma serrulatum, Bauhinia championii, Goniothalamus cheliensis, Juglans regia, Houttuynia cordata, Osmanthus fragrans, Pothos chinensis, Tabemaemontana coronaria, Eryngium foetidum, Chloranthus spicatus, Peperomia pellucida, Zanthoxylum armatum, Polygonum fagopyrum, Cymbidium floribundum, Amomum kravanh, Coscinium fenestratum, Solanum nigrum, Gnetum parvifolium, Desmodium triquetum, Begonia augustinec, Mappianthus iodoides, Erycibe obtusifolia, Schefflera venulosa, Holarrhena antidysenterica. The different traditional applications, the known chemical constituents and medicinal properties are reported for each plant. The efficacy of several of these plants has been supported by some scientific evidence, while other plants have to be submitted to further investigations to prove the beneficial medicinal properties attributed to them.
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Salamon, I., and M. Hrytsyna. "Veterinary Medicine and the Use of Medicinal Plants." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 21, no. 94 (July 30, 2019): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet9422.
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The article deals with the history of development of veterinary medicine in the Eastern Europe (Austria-Hungary) and Galicia from the Middle Ages to our days. Particular attention is paid to the history of use of plants in veterinary practice. Herbal treatment of animals in the past times was described in Martin Cech's book The book of Horses Treatment (Budapest, 1797). An analysis of modern literature was conducted with the issue of use of plants in veterinary medicine. Basically, it is the use of phytodactyls for feed as an alternative to antibiotics, dyes or other synthetic medicines in pig breeding, poultry farming, fish farming, dairy cattle-breeding and for reducing the bacteriological contamination of food, feed additives and veterinary drugs as well. These actions ensure the ecological safety of livestock products. In modern veterinary plants and their extracts are used as phytodactyls for feed, in particular: Silybum marianum, Echinacea purpurea, Tagetes erecta that increase chickens’ and piglets’ body weight gain, decrease level of diseases and improve organoleptic indicators of carcasses of broiler chickens. Due to the content of various biologically active substances herbal preparations have antimicrobial, immunostimulating, general health improving effect on an animal’s organism. Phytopreparations are used to improve digestion, enhance immunity, growth and reduce morbidity of animals. Phytopreparations are used as bactericidal medications for prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. With prophylactic and curative aim are used phytodactylos, such as “Fitovet”, “Aciprogentin” і “Progentin”, “Species chamomillae SPOFA”. Galega orientalis, Origanum vulgare, species of the genus Philadelphus and other medical plants that contain a huge amount of flavonoids and essential oils. They have bactericidal properties and can be used for prophylactic and treatment of diseases and air disinfections on farms. Unfortunately, we still do not know much about the herbal treatment of animals. The modern veterinarian does not have enough knowledge about the possibilities of using medicinal plants in veterinary medicine.
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G.M, Greeshma, Manoj G.S, Bosco Lawarence, and Murugan K. "BRYOPHYTES, THE IGNORED MEDICINAL HERBALS OF THE BIOLOGICAL WORLD - A SEARCH AT NEYYAR WILDLIFE SANCTUARY, TRIVANDRUM, KERALA." Kongunadu Research Journal 3, no. 1 (June 30, 2016): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/krj120.
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Currently, the medicinal potential of bryophytes has received immense value in pharmaceutical industries and many phytochemicals have been isolated, characterized from this group. Native North Americans and Chinese are in forefront in bryological research compared to India. Traditional and ethnic uses of Indian bryophytes with description and illustration were seen in Hortus Malabaricus. Information about the medicinal use of bryophytes in terms of microbicidal, anti-inflammatory and antitumour are traced in developed countries. Despite, the long history of medicinal bryophytes used by tribal and local peoples their significant utilization in medicines is still scanty. Present report is an attempt to create awareness about this group of plants from Neyyar Wild Life sanctuary, Trivandrum, Kerala.
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Kosalec, Ivan, Josipa Cvek, and Siniša Tomić. "Contaminants of Medicinal Herbs and Herbal Products." Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 60, no. 4 (December 1, 2009): 485–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/10004-1254-60-2009-2005.
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Contaminants of Medicinal Herbs and Herbal ProductsMedicinal plants have a long history of use in therapy throughout the world and still make an important part of traditional medicine. Thus, medicinal plants and herbal products must be safe for the patient (consumer). This review addresses biological contaminants (microbes and other organisms) and chemical contaminants (mycotoxins, toxic elements such as heavy metals, and pesticide residues) as major common contaminants of medicinal herbs and herbal products. To prevent and screen for contamination and ensure safety and conformity to quality standards, medicinal herbs and herbal products should be included in appropriate regulatory framework.
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Dorner, Zachary. "From Chelsea to Savannah: Medicines and Mercantilism in the Atlantic World." Journal of British Studies 58, no. 1 (January 2019): 28–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jbr.2018.172.
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AbstractIn 1732, the London Society of Apothecaries joined the Trustees for Establishing the Colony of Georgia in America in a scheme to establish an experimental garden in the nascent colony. This garden was designed to benefit the trustees’ bottom line, as well as to provide much-needed drugs to British apothecaries at a time of increasing overseas warfare and the mortality it entailed. The effort to grow medicinal plants in Georgia drew together a group of partners who began to recognize the economic potential of botany, and of medicinal plants specifically, in calculations of political economy. The plan depended on the knowledge production occurring at the apothecaries’ Chelsea Physic Garden and their efforts to adapt to a changing medicine trade by finding customers among state-sponsored institutions. Taken together, the histories of the gardens at Chelsea and Savannah illustrate that a perceived need for medicines brought plants into expressions of state power long before the network of botanical stations emblematic of the nineteenth-century empire. This earlier transatlantic story pairs the commercialization of health-care provision with shifts in imperial policy in the long eighteenth century.
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Freiesleben, Sara Holm, Jens Soelberg, and Anna K. Jäger. "Medicinal plants used as excipients in the history in Ghanaian herbal medicine." Journal of Ethnopharmacology 174 (November 2015): 561–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2015.03.005.
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Buso, Piergiacomo, Stefano Manfredini, Hamid Reza Ahmadi-Ashtiani, Sabrina Sciabica, Raissa Buzzi, Silvia Vertuani, and Anna Baldisserotto. "Iranian Medicinal Plants: From Ethnomedicine to Actual Studies." Medicina 56, no. 3 (February 26, 2020): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina56030097.
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Iran has a rich and diverse cultural heritage, consisting of a complex traditional medicine deeply rooted in the history of the territory that goes back to the Assyrian and Babylonian civilizations. The ethnomedical practices that can be identifiable nowadays derive from the experience of local people who have developed remedies against a wide range of diseases handing down the knowledge from generation to generation over the millennia. Traditional medicine practices represent an important source of inspiration in the process of the development of new drugs and therapeutic strategies. In this context, it is useful to determine the state of the art of ethnomedical studies, concerning the Iranian territory, and of scientific studies on plants used in traditional Iranian medicine. Data regarding 245 plants used in Iranian ethnomedical practices and scientific studies conducted on 89 plants collected in the Iranian territory have been reported. All of the scientific studies here reported draw inspiration from traditional medicine. The World Health Organization (WHO) has repeatedly called for an intensification of the scientific validation processes of traditional medicines intended as an important contribution to public health in various parts of the world. The process of study and validation of Iranian ethnomedical practices appears to be at an early stage.
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Tiwari, S. B., S. D. Singh, Amit Kumar Verma, Divyank Awasthi, and Arun Kumar Rastogi. "History of Ayurvedic System of Medicines: From Prehistoric to Present." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 11, no. 1-s (February 15, 2021): 212–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v11i1-s.4689.
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Ayurvedic system of medicine is considered the most ancient system of the world. In the prehistoric times medicinal plants were used by the various tribes. Evidence suggests that the people of Indus valley civilization followed this system of medicines. The Vedic and post Vedic period saw the rapid development of Ayurveda supported by the efforts of Charaka, Susrutra and Vagbhata etc. Buddhist monks played important role in the propagation of Ayurveda. However, the invasion of Muslims after 10th century destroyed Ayurveda and Unani system of medicines flourished in the country. Pre independence period again saw the emergence of Ayurveda. After Independence it attains new height with its incorporation into the Drug and Cosmetic Act. The preparation of Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia helps in the standardization of Ayurvedic drugs to compete at global level with allopathic system of medicines.
Keywords: ayurvedic system, Vedic and post Vedic period, Charaka, Susrutra and Vagbhata, Ayurvedic drugs
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C.M, Ganesan, Manigandan A, and Thirumaran G. "ETHNOMEDICINAL APPROACHES FOR TREATING VARIOUS DISEASE BY IRULA TRIBALS, KONBANUR VILLAGE, ANAIKATTI HILLS,THE WESTERN GHATS, COIMBATORE DISTRICT." Kongunadu Research Journal 2, no. 2 (December 30, 2015): 62–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/krj97.
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Ethno-medicine means the medical practices for the treatment of ethnic or aborigine people for their health care needs. Indigenous traditional Knowledge is an integral part of the culture and history of a local community. It is evolved through years of regular experimentation on the day to day life and available resources surrounded by the community. The present paper documented 85 ethno-medicinal plants of Konbanur village, Anaikatti, Coimbatore district, the Western Ghats, Tamil Nadu belonging to 48 families were used by the Irula tribals for various diseases and food. The conventional ethno medicinal plants were mostly used for different inflammation, cough and cold, leucoderma, different skin diseases, ulcers and leprosy. The medicinal plants used by the Irula tribal traditional users of Konbanur village, Anaikatty hills are arranged alphabetically followed by botanical name, family, local name and medicinal uses
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Tesoriere, Luisa. "Update on Nutraceuticals." Nutraceuticals 1, no. 1 (September 16, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nutraceuticals1010001.
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Gänger, Stefanie. "World Trade in Medicinal Plants from Spanish America, 1717–1815." Medical History 59, no. 1 (December 11, 2014): 44–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2014.70.
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AbstractThis article outlines the history of the commerce in medicinal plants and plant-based remedies from the Spanish American territories in the eighteenth century. It maps the routes used to transport the plants from Spanish America to Europe and, along the arteries of European commerce, colonialism and proselytism, into societies across the Americas, Asia and Africa. Inquiring into the causes of the global ‘spread’ of American remedies, it argues that medicinal plants like ipecacuanha, guaiacum, sarsaparilla, jalap root and cinchona moved with relative ease into Parisian medicine chests, Moroccan court pharmacies and Manila dispensaries alike, because of their ‘exotic’ charisma, the force of centuries-old medical habits, and the increasingly measurable effectiveness of many of these plants by the late eighteenth century. Ultimately and primarily, however, it was because the disease environments of these widely separated places, their medical systems and materia medica had long become entangled by the eighteenth century.
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Habiba Khatun, Most, and A. H. M. Mahbubur Rahman. "Traditional Knowledge and Formulation of Medicinal Plants Used By the Herbal Practitioners in Puthia Upazila of Rajshahi District, Bangladesh." Sumerianz Journal of Biotechnology, no. 41 (March 13, 2021): 22–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.47752/sjb.41.22.45.
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Traditional medicine has remained as the most affordable and early accessible source of treatment in the primary healthcare system of resource. Medical Practitioners are in Puthia Upazila of Rajshahi District of Bangladesh. The medical practitioners have a long history of traditional plant usage for medicinal purpose. The present research on Traditional knowledge and formulation on medicinal plant use by the medical practitioners in Puthia Upazila of Rajshahi district of Bangladesh was recorded. Frequent field trips were made during January 2018 to December 2018 to record medico-botanical data by interviewing medical practitioners of various age groups, mostly ranging between 20 to 76 years, including medicinal healers (herbalists/hakims). A total of 127 plant species under 105 genera of 66 families have been documented which are used for the treatment of 96 categories ailments. For each species scientific name, local name, habit, family, ailments to be treated, mode of treatment and part(s) used are provided. The phytochemical analysis and pharmacological investigations of traditional medicinally important plants by taking in view their proper conservation too, would help in developing novel drugs to treat ailments.
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KAUR, RAJBIR, ASHOK KUMAR, NAVNEET KAUR, B. P. MOHANTY, MUMTAZ OSWAL, K. P. SINGH, B. R. BEHERA, et al. "INVESTIGATION OF MAJOR AND TRACE ELEMENTS IN SOME MEDICINAL PLANTS USING PIXE." International Journal of PIXE 22, no. 01n02 (January 2012): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129083512400177.
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The use of the medicinal herbs for curing disease has been documented in history of all civilizations. With introduction of scientific procedures, researchers isolated active constituents of the medicinal herbs and after testing, some were found to be therapeutically active. Trace elements are important constituents of active principles of medicinal plants which affect the human body. The aim of this study was to determine qualitatively and quantitatively trace elements in these plants and their medicinal roles in the human body. Analysis of medicinal plants of various biological activities, commonly used in Northern India, was carried out using PIXE technique. Plant samples were collected from Chandigarh (India), which is located at the foothills of the Shivalik ranges, which form a part of the fragile Himalayan ecosystem. PIXE measurements were carried out using 2.4 MeV collimated protons from the 3 MV Tandetron (accelerator) of NCCCM, Hyderabad, India. Various elements namely S , Cl , K , Ca , Ti , V , Mn , Fe , Ni , Cu , Zn , Se etc. were detected with different concentrations. Many of these elements play significant roles in human metabolism and are very important with regards to life processes in man.
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Heinrich, Michael, Anita Ankli, Barbara Frei, Claudia Weimann, and Otto Sticher. "Medicinal plants in Mexico: healers' consensus and cultural importance." Social Science & Medicine 47, no. 11 (December 1998): 1859–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0277-9536(98)00181-6.
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Mahmoud, Abdulrahman Dogara, Hasan Nudin Nur Fatihah, Mohammed Moneruzzaman Khandaker, Abdul Manaf Ali, and Nashriyah Mat. "Ethnobotany of Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp In Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia." Journal Of Agrobiotechnology 11, no. 2 (September 9, 2020): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.37231/jab.2020.11.2.212.
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Plants with medicinal potentials have contributed significantly in the history and evolution of modern health care system. Lack of comprehensive written document have made traditional medicinal knowledge disappearing as a result of population growth and development. This necessitates written document of comprehensive knowledge of medicinal plants. This study aims at documenting traditional knowledge of Syzygium polyanthum cultivars (Serai Kayu and Serai Kayu Hutan) in Terengganu, three hundred and eighty four respondents were interviewed with the aid of semi structured questionnaire. The study reported Serai Kayu and Serai Kayu Hutan to be used as ulam, spices and medicinal respectively. Leaves were found to be the most utilized part and Decoction the most prepared method. However, the study recommends immediate conservation of the plant and adoption of Malays traditional culture utilisation of the species; due to its medicinal potentials
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C.M, Ganesan, and Kumaresan G. "ETHNOMEDICINAL APPROACHES FOR TREATING VARIOUS DISEASE BY IRULAS TRIBALS, KONBANUR VILLAGE, ANAIKATTI HILLS,THE WESTERN GHATS, COIMBATORE DISTRICT." Kongunadu Research Journal 4, no. 2 (December 30, 2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/krj195.
Full textAbstract:
Indigenous traditional Knowledge is an integral part of the culture and history of a local community.It evolves through years of regular experimentation on the day to day life and available resources surrounded by the community. The present paper documented 85 ethno-medicinal plants of Konbanur village, Anaikatti,Coimbatore district, the Western Ghats, Tamil Nadu belonging to 48 families were used by the Irula tribals for various diseases and food. The conventional ethno medicinal plants were mostly used for different inflammation, cough and cold, leucoderma, different skin diseases, ulcers and leprosy. The ethnomedicinalplants are arranged alphabetically followed by botanical name, family, local name and medicinal uses.
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Blanco Barrantes, Jeimy, María Soledad Quesada, Gustavo Rojas, and Arlene Loría. "A Journey through the History of Drug Quality Control, from Greece to Costa Rica." International Journal of Drug Regulatory Affairs 9, no. 1 (March 16, 2021): 33–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ijdra.v9i1.454.
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This review describes the evolution and development of drug quality control throughout different times in history. A bibliographic research was conducted from the database JSTOR from the University of Costa Rica. This database contains information from academic journals and books from XIX to date. It covers different fields, such as anthropology, arts, biology, botany, health sciences, politics, pharmacy, history. Information was retrieved when the following words were present: pharmacy, quality, quality control, drugs, medicines, pharmacopoeia.
In ancient history India, China, Greece, Egypt, Africa and America used different medicinal plants to cure or alleviate disease. In some of these regions, methods were developed to make medicinal preparations as safe and effective as possible. In ancient Greece, the need to have a complete knowledge of drugs to carry out their proper preparation and detect adulterations was emerging. In Europe there was a constant development in the field, from books containing simple lists of preparations and medicines to more complex pharmacopoeias that included quality of the medicines. In America, the United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) first appeared in 1820. In Costa Rica, the Specialized Laboratory for Drug Analysis, actually the Laboratory for Analysis and Pharmaceutical Consulting (LAYAFA), was created in 1965, to ensure the quality and safety of medicines registered and marketed in Costa Rica.
Differences between regulations and quality standards across centuries and countries, and their impact on the commercialization of medicines, have promoted regulations to harmonize the requirements related to different activities of the processes of manufacture, registration and quality control of medicines.
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Shahid, Farhan, Rabbia Shahid, Tanya Waseem, and Shabab Hussain. "Flora of Pakistan: An ethnopharmacological perspective." Journal of Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University 3, no. 1 (August 9, 2020): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.32593/jstmu/vol3.iss1.79.
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Ethnopharmacology relies on the knowledge and use of traditional medicinal plants in various human diseases. These plants are a source of nutritional, medicinal and financial support to a greater part of Pakistani population, both in rural and urban setting. Either in the crude form or prepared pharmaceutical formulations, these plants are considered an essential part of the health-care and support system. Being regulated mainly as a part of the Complementary and Alternate Medicine, the plants and their products are used for the treatment of ailments of different organ systems. Their applications vary from being used as tonics, protectants and aids to being used as cytotoxic and antibacterial agents. Pakistan has a variety of biogeographical components which serves as a rich source of medicinal plants. With a deep-rooted history of Unani and Ayurvedic systems in Pakistan, the empirical knowledge about these plants has passed from one generation to the next. Some of these have also been recorded in the historical books of medicine and the components derived from them, now form an essential part of the modern-day pharmaceutical industry. This review provides the information of the flora of medicinal importance acquired from the various parts of Pakistan. The detailed information will help the researchers to develop an understanding about the biological activity and efficacy of phytochemical present in these plants.
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Dobrange, Erin, Darin Peshev, Bianke Loedolff, and Wim Van den Ende. "Fructans as Immunomodulatory and Antiviral Agents: The Case of Echinacea." Biomolecules 9, no. 10 (October 16, 2019): 615. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom9100615.
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Throughout history, medicinal purposes of plants have been studied, documented, and acknowledged as an integral part of human healthcare systems. The development of modern medicine still relies largely on this historical knowledge of the use and preparation of plants and their extracts. Further research into the human microbiome highlights the interaction between immunomodulatory responses and plant-derived, prebiotic compounds. One such group of compounds includes the inulin-type fructans (ITFs), which may also act as signaling molecules and antioxidants. These multifunctional compounds occur in a small proportion of plants, many of which have recognized medicinal properties. Echinacea is a well-known medicinal plant and products derived from it are sold globally for its cold- and flu-preventative and general health-promoting properties. Despite the well-documented phytochemical profile of Echinacea plants and products, little research has looked into the possible role of ITFs in these products. This review aims to highlight the occurrence of ITFs in Echinacea derived formulations and the potential role they play in immunomodulation.
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Cook, A. "Plants illustrating exotic collections." Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London 55, no. 1 (January 22, 2001): 129–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2001.0130.
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The study of plants was nothing new when The Royal Society was founded, but some of our earliest Fellows changed it drastically. Perhaps they did not do this as suddenly or as completely as did Newton for dynamics, but in the long run they had at least as great an influence on views of the natural world and how to study it. Did God create all the great variety of plants no one (in Europe) had ever seen before, and if so why? Plants brought back by explorers, especially from North America, and plants looked at in the microscope, together with the taxonomic system constructed by Linnaeus, replaced the plants grown in monastic gardens and their successors in public botanic gardens, and the study of plants for purely medicinal uses.
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Manish, Adithya Gadeela, Nerella Mounika, Bakshi Vasudha, and Boggula Narender. "Assessment of anti bacterial screening of Pongamia pinnata stem against bacterial species: An In-vitro approach." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 9, no. 1-s (February 15, 2019): 181–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i1-s.2303.
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Numerous studies have shown that aromatic and medicinal plants are sources of diverse nutrient and non-nutrient molecules which protect the human body against various pathogens. Nature has been a source of medicinal agents for thousands of years and a large number of modern drugs have been isolated from natural sources. Herbal medicine is the oldest known healthcare system known to mankind. India has rich medicinal plants of nearly 7500 species. Many medicinal plants were with a long history of use in folk medicine against a variety of diseases. Recently, many researchers have taken a great interest on medicinal plants for their phytochemical constituents and biological activities including anti microbial activity. The anti bacterial activity of the ethanolic crude stem extract of Pongamia pinnata against four bacterial species (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli) was investigated, using agar diffusion technique. At concentrations ranging from 10-40 mg/mL, the ethanolic crude extract showed activity against the four bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and E. coli) from 2 mm-20 mm, after 24 hours incubation. The present study showed the effectiveness of the crude plant extract against the tested bacterial strains and indicates the potential use of the extract as anti bacterial agent for the control of infectious diseases.
Keywords: Pongamia pinnata, anti bacterial activity, agar diffusion technique, bacterial strains, chloramphenicol.
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Stobart, A. "Review: Medicinal Plants in Folk Tradition: An Ethnobotany of Britain and Ireland." Social History of Medicine 18, no. 1 (April 1, 2005): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sochis/hki009.
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Thakur, Shifali, Hemlata Kaurav, and Gitika Chaudhary. "NARDOSTACHYS JATAMANSI: IMPORTANCE OF HIGHLY SIGNIFICANT AND ENDANGERED PLANT IN AYURVEDA." International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy 12, no. 3 (July 6, 2021): 124–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7897/2277-4343.120387.
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Medicinal herbs have a rich history of their utilization for a variety of ailments. India is considered among those countries which have produced a vast variety of medicinal plants. Medicinal plants are the source of the discovery of new drugs across the world. Most of the drugs available today have some herbal content of plants in them. Due to this over-utilization of the herbal plant, it becomes endangered. Nardostachys jatamansi is a popular aromatic herbal plant. This plant is also on the verge of extinction due to the overexploitation of the rhizomes part of the herb. It is small, hairy, perennial, rhizomatous species of Valerianacea family. It is cultivated mostly in higher altitude areas. Jatamansi demonstrates various folk, Ayurvedic and pharmacological uses. Jatamansone and nardostachone are the main compounds present in the plant that possesses various activities like antimicrobial, antifungal, hypotensive, antiarrhythmic and anticonvulsant activity, etc. In this review, the phytochemicals pharmacological properties, Ayurvedic properties and folk uses of N. jatamansi are briefly explained.
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Murch, Susan J., and Praveen K. Saxena. "St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum L.): Challenges and strategies for production of chemically-consistent plants." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 86, no. 3 (July 7, 2006): 765–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p05-179.
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Plants are by far the most important source of natural therapeutics, and the role of plants in enhancing the longevity and the quality of life is increasingly accepted throughout the world. A series of problems with medicinal plant products, such as contamination with biological and environmental pollutants, quantitative and qualitative variations of bioactive compounds, adulteration with misidentified species, and the concern of unsustainable harvest, has prompted the introduction of regulations to ensure the quality and safety of medicinal plant products in Canada. In the future, Natural Health Products in Canada will be manufactured to a new standard of quality and these changes in the industry have necessitated new approaches to the breeding, production, and processing of medicinal plant tissues. The continuing growth in the medicinal plant marketplace has also brought about the challenge of maintaining a balance between consumer demand and the need to protect medicinal biodiversity. St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) is one of the most popular medicinal plants with a history of use spanning more than two millennia and modern studies demonstrating efficacy. However, inconsistencies in the results of various clinical trials and difficulties in identifying a specific medicinal molecule with defined pharmaceutical function prompted our efforts to improve St. John’s wort products. Development of elite varieties with predictable phytochemical profiles, mass clonal propagation in vitro, large-scale production in sterile environments and controlled environment production systems, have been combined to produce a new standard in the production of St. John’s wort. Key words: St. John's wort, chemical consistency, hyperforin, melatonin, controlled environment systems
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Arnold, Denise Y., and Joseph W. Bastien. "Healers of the Andes: Kallawaya Herbalists and Their Medicinal Plants." Western Folklore 48, no. 1 (January 1989): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1499992.
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Ali, Azizi, and Shaheb-Hmaei Pegah. "Comparison of diabetic patients' attitude and practice on medicinal herbs consumption and classical treatment in type 2 diabetes and related factors." Endocrinology&Metabolism International Journal 8, no. 3 (May 22, 2020): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/emij.2020.08.00280.
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Background: Medicinal herbs are used in traditional medicine to control and treat many diseases, including diabetes. The use of medicinal plants by diabetic patients has increased dramatically over the past decade. Methods: From diabetic patients covered by Kermanshah Diabetes Center, 51 patients were selected for each of the three groups (herbal medicine, drug therapy, and combination therapy) of type 2 diabetic patients (151 patients in total). After completing the questionnaire, their attitude and practice were compared. Effective factors were also analyzed using chi-square, t-test and one-way ANOVA. Results: Significant statistical differences were reported between the mean and standard deviation of patients' attitude toward herbal medicines in the treatment of type 2 diabetes in the herbal (17.2±0.8), medicinal (9.7±2.7) and combination group (15.4±2.3) (P<0.001). There was no significant relationship between the level of positive attitude to herbal treatment with age, sex, education level, marital status, occupation and family history of diabetes. But this relationship was significant for the duration of disease and duration of treatment (P=0.01). Cinnamon, green tea, ginger, fenugreek, nettle, and turmeric were the most commonly used medicinal herbs. Conclusions: The results of this study show that diabetic patients with the use of herbal medicine had a better attitude towards the use of herbal medicines than patients with combination or drug treatment alone. Patients with shorter duration of treatment and illness had higher attitudes and performance than herbal medicines.
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Shah, Bijendra, Shubhangi Kamble, Bishun D. Patel, and Shiv Mangal Prasad. "Glimpses of Chandranighantu of Nepal: An Appraisal." Healer 1, no. 1 (September 17, 2020): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.51649/healer.4.
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Introduction: Chandranighantu is a handwritten manuscript of Ayurveda about 250 years ago in Nepal by a well-known Vaidhya at that time of King Chandra Shamsher. It was believed that the dynasty brought to publish the manuscript with his name as Chandranighantu. It was completed in total of ten volume containing more than 900 medicinal plants and 200 minerals and metals which were available in Nepal only. Till date 5 volumes have been translated into Nepali and English language keeping the original along with; and published by Government of Nepal, but many stakeholders of Ayurveda especially Dravyaguna scholars are still unware of it worldwide. Hence, it was attempted to highlight its importance among Ayurveda scholars, researchers and practitioners. The aim of this documentation is to explore glimpses of Chandranighantu of Nepal and propagate its uniqueness regarding explanation of medicinal plants in the editions as well as handmade manuscripts with colour sketches. Methods: Singhadurbar Vaidykhana Vikas Samiti (SDVKVS), Ministry of Health and Population, Government of Nepal published the Chandranighantu (Volume I) in 2012 A.D., as a primary resource material. It was reviewed and glimpses or peculiarities have been compiled, critically analysed and presented in this work. Results: Chandranighantu has been written after Bhava Prakash Nighantu because most of the references have been taken from Raj nighantu, Kaidev nighantu, Madanpal nighantu and Bhava Prakash Nighantu It has been written in 10 volumes comprising 8 volumes with descriptions of medicinal plants and 2 volumes with descriptions of minerals and animal products. In this work, the first volume of the Chandranighantu has been reviewed that includes total 99 medicinal plants describing synonyms and their properties and actions. The prime peculiarities of this nighantu is addition of local and nepali name and the style of narration of medicinal plants along with very fine handmade colourful sketches of the plants including habitat, root, stem, leaves, fruits, flowers in ints natural colour, clearly differentiating its parts as well as types, which is helpful in proper identification of the plants. This style of description of colourful plants is not found in any other nighantu. This nighantu has found to be taken the basis of pre-existing nighantus such as Dhanwantarinighantu, Rajnighantu, Madanpalnighantu, Kaidev nighantu, Bhavaprakash nighantu and others including lexicons like Amarkosha. Synonyms of plants have been given in different languages like Nepali, Newari, Avadhi, Bhojpuri, Marathi, Bengali, Hindi etc. along with Sanskrit. Conclusion: This nighantu is the evidence of modern era history of medicinal plants use in the Ayurveda. This nighantu is written with the unique style of narration of medicinal plants by synonyms, properties and actions along with colourful sketches. The present critical review recommends scholars, academician, researchers and medicinal plants related experts of recent sciences to explore the hidden knowledge of botany, pharmacognosy, pharmacology and therapeutic uses into gaining deeper perspicuity benefitting the ailing humanity
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Abu-Odeh, Alaa M., and Wamidh H. Talib. "Middle East Medicinal Plants in the Treatment of Diabetes: A Review." Molecules 26, no. 3 (January 31, 2021): 742. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26030742.
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Diabetes is a global health problem, and the number of diabetic patients is in continuous rise. Conventional antidiabetic therapies are associated with high costs and limited efficiency. The use of traditional medicine and plant extracts to treat diabetes is gaining high popularity in many countries. Countries in the Middle East region have a long history of using herbal medicine to treat different diseases, including diabetes. In this review, we compiled and summarized all the in vivo and in vitro studies conducted for plants with potential antidiabetic activity in the Middle East region. Plants of the Asteraceae and Lamiaceae families are the most investigated. It is hoped that this review will contribute scientifically to evidence the ethnobotanical use of medicinal plants as antidiabetic agents. Work has to be done to define tagetes, mechanism of action and the compound responsible for activity. In addition, safety and pharmacokinetic parameters should be investigated.
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Tiwari, Birendra, and Bechan Raut. "Screening of Selected Medicinal Plants of Pokhara Valley for their Antimicrobial Activities." Journal of Natural History Museum 24 (October 9, 2009): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnhm.v24i1.2232.
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The crude compounds from eight medicinal plants viz. Justicia adhatoda L., Solanum virginianum L., Artemisia indica Willd, Eclipta prostrata (L.) L., Cuscuta reflexa Roxb., Mentha arvensis L., Acorus calamus L. and Woodfordia fruticosa (L.)Kurz. claimed by Ayurvedya, traditional healers and other people in different diseases of microbial origin were extracted with water by percolation technique and solvent was completely removed by rotatory vacuum evaporator. The extracts were then tested for their antimicrobial activities at dilution of 5mg/ ml against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella paratyphi and Shigella dysenteriae. At this dilution, only the Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. has shown its susceptibility against all the tested micro-organisms. Key words: Medicinal plants; Antimicrobial activities; Micro-organisms; Health care system; Pokhara valley. Journal of Natural History MuseumVol. 24, 2009Page: 16-20
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Lestari, Dewi, Roni Koneri, and Pience Veralyn Maabuat. "Keanekaragaman dan Pemanfaatan Tanaman Obat pada Pekarangan di Dumoga Utara, Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow, Sulawesi Utara." JURNAL BIOS LOGOS 11, no. 2 (April 12, 2021): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.35799/jbl.11.2.2021.32017.
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(Article History: Received January 12, 2021; Revised March 8, 2021; Accepted April 7, 2021) ABSTRAKTanaman obat merupakan tanaman yang memiliki komponen aktif dan diyakini oleh masyarakat dapat menyembuhkan penyakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keanekaragaman dan pemanfaatan tanaman obat pada pekarangan di Dumoga Utara, Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow, Sulawesi Utara. Metode pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling. Pemilihan responden dilakukan dengan metoda snowball sampling. Hasil penelitian didapatkkan sebanyak 25 famili, yang terdiri dari 46 spesies dan 2691 individu tanaman obat. Famili yang banyak ditemukan jumlah spesies dan individunya adalah Zingeberaceae, merupakan famili yang banyak ditemukan jumlah spesies dan individunya. Spesies yang memiliki kelimpahan tertinggi adalah Sauropus androgynus, kemudian Zingiber officinale dan Curcuma longa. Indek kekayaan, keanekaragaman dan kemerataan spesies tertinggi pada pekarangan Suku Jawa. Bentuk hidup tanaman obat yang paling banyak ditemukan adalah herba dan perdu. Daun merupakan bagian tanaman yang banyak dimanfaatkan untuk tanaman obat dan proses pengolahan umumnya dengan cara direbus. Pemanfaatan tanaman obat pekarangan oleh masyarakat dapat digunakan untuk mengobati 18 jenis penyakit.Kata kunci: Tanaman obat; Zingiberaceae, Sauropus androgynus, herba. ABSTRACTMedicinal plants are plants that have active components and are believed by the community to cure diseases. This study aims to analyze the diversity and utilization of medicinal plants in the yard in North Dumoga, Bolaang Mongondow Regency, North Sulawesi. The sampling method used was purposive sampling. The selection of respondents was carried out using the snowball sampling method. The results of the study were 25 families, consisting of 46 species and 2691 individual medicinal plants. The family with the highest number of species and individuals was Zingeberaceae, which was the family with the highest number of species and individuals. The species with the highest abundance were Sauropus androgynus, then Zingiber officinale and Curcuma longa. The highest index of species richness, diversity and evenness was in the Javanese tribe. The most common forms of medicinal plant life are herbs and shrubs. Leaves are part of a plant that is widely used for medicinal plants and in general processing by boiling. The use of yard medicinal plants by the community can be used to treat 18 types of diseases.Key words: Medicinal plants; Zingiberaceae, Sauropus androgynus, herb.
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Xu, Yuan, Dan Liang, Gang-Tao Wang, Jun Wen, and Rui-Jiang Wang. "Nutritional and Functional Properties of Wild Food-Medicine Plants From the Coastal Region of South China." Journal of Evidence-Based Integrative Medicine 25 (January 1, 2020): 2515690X2091326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2515690x20913267.
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Food-medicine plants play an important role in providing nutrition and treating chronic diseases, especially in many minority communities and developing regions. The coastal region of South China has abundant resources of medicinal plants. A long history of cross-cultural medicinal practices among different minority groups has facilitated the development of a remarkable dietary culture by using food-medicine plants. However, integrative ethnobotanical research on both nutritional and functional properties of the food-medicine plants in this region is still limited. In this study, 27 commonly used wild food-medicine plants were recorded and analyzed from the coastal region of South China. Most of them are good sources for calcium (47.83-1099.89 mg/100 g fresh weight), dietary fiber (3.00-31.87 mg/100 g fresh weight), iron (1.17-24.73 mg/100 g fresh weight), and vitamin C (0.44-68.32 mg/100 g fresh weight). Solanum americanum has the highest average nutritive value and is also considered to be good sources for proteins (7.90 g/100 g fresh weight). Medicinal properties of the studied species can be classified into 8 categories: treatment of the damp-heat syndrome, digestive diseases, urologic diseases, arthropathy, respiratory diseases, gynecological diseases, snake or insect bites, and uses as a tonic. Treating the damp-heat syndrome or expelling warm pathogenic factors is the most commonly used ethnomedicinal practice in the study area. The present study highlights that the local ethnomedicinal practices are deeply influenced by local natural conditions and customs. Food-medicine plants with superior key nutrients have been used regularly in the diet as medicinal food to alleviate common endemic diseases.