Relevant bibliographies by topics / Plasma arc melting

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Plasma arc melting'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 5 May 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Plasma arc melting"

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Sinha, O. P., and R. C. Gupta. "Acoustic Emission during Plasma Arc Melting." ISIJ International 33, no. 8 (1993): 903–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.33.903.

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Blackburn, M. J., and D. R. Malley. "Plasma arc melting of titanium alloys." Materials & Design 14, no. 1 (January 1993): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0261-3069(93)90041-s.

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Nikolaev, A. A. "Separation of titanium and silicon oxides during plasma-arc melting of quartz-leucoxene concentrate." Physics and Chemistry of Materials Treatment 5 (2021): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.30791/0015-3214-2021-5-30-36.

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The aim of the work was investigation of separation of titanium’s and silicon’s oxides during plasma-arc melting of quartz-leucoxene concentrate from Yarega deposit. The melting was proceeded in laboratory plasma-arc furnace in graphite crucible at 16 – 40 kW of arc power. The microstructure and R-x phase analysis of solidified melt were investigated after arc melting. The melt separated on two layers. The upper layer consisted mainly of SiO2 in the form of glass, the lower layer — mainly of cemented titanium oxide particles ≈ 100 μm in dimension. TiO2, Ti8O15, Ti6O11, Fe3TiO3O10, Ti3O5 were observed. These particles formed during melting and moved throw liquid glass to the bottom of crucible with the speed of V ≈ 10–4 m/s. The separation of TiO2 and SiO2 required energy W ≈ 100 GJ/t of concentrate in laboratory plasma arc furnace. The possibility of industrial employment of the arc melting separation was discussed. The estimated energy requirement was about 5 GJ/t in 20-t arc furnace.
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Hsu, Y. F., and B. Rubinsky. "Transient Melting of a Metal Plate by a Penetrating Plasma Arc." Journal of Heat Transfer 109, no. 2 (May 1, 1987): 463–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3248105.

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A study was performed on the heat transfer and the fluid flow during transient melting of a metal plate subjected to stationary, penetrating plasma-arc heating. An integral method of solution was used for this simplified, first-order simulation of plasma-arc metal processing. The results of the study reveal the importance of the workpiece thickness, plasma-penetrating hole size, and gravity on the melting process and the molten fluid flow. The study also shows that plasma-arc metal processing seems to be a low-efficiency manufacturing process with only 7 percent of the plasma energy contributing to the melting.
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Sydorets, Volodymyr, Volodymyr Korzhyk, and Oleksandr Babych. "On the Plasma Temperature in the Hybrid Plasma-MIG Welding Process." Applied Mechanics and Materials 872 (October 2017): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.872.61.

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In many respects, the advantages of the hybrid welding process Plasma-MIG are explained by the interaction of the arc discharges, which make up it: a plasma discharge and an arc with a consumable electrode (MIG). Knowledge and understanding of the laws of this interaction is very important for the implementation of the process and obtaining good results. The theoretical analysis of the influence of the plasma discharge temperature with non-consumable electrode on the melting of the electrode wire was carried out. The dynamics of the melting of the electrode wire and dynamics of circuit with consumable electrode arc were been investigation. Estimates of the maximum value of the temperature of plasma discharge have been made. These results were used to select welding modes and for carrying out the technological experiments.
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Nishi, Seiji, Tatsuhiko Kusamichi, and Toshio Onoye. "Arc Voltage and Heat Efficiency during Plasma Arc Melting of Titanium." ISIJ International 35, no. 2 (1995): 114–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.35.114.

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Jegou, Claude, Gerard Cognet, A. Roubaud, J.-M. Gatt, G. Laffont, and F. Kassabji. "PLASMA TRANSFERRED ARC ROTARY FURNACE FOR "CORIUM" MELTING." High Temperature Material Processes (An International Quarterly of High-Technology Plasma Processes) 1, no. 3 (1997): 409–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/hightempmatproc.v1.i3.100.

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UEJO, Satoru, Hiroyuki KOSHIMIZU, Takashi HANABUSA, Yasunori CHIBA, Takehiro KIMURA, Takashi IKEDA, and Masafumi MAEDA. "Design and Installation of Plasma Arc Melting Apparatus." Shigen-to-Sozai 109, no. 10 (1993): 823–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2473/shigentosozai.109.823.

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Mimura, Kouji, Keigo Matsumoto, and Minoru Isshiki. "Purification of Hafnium by Hydrogen Plasma Arc Melting." MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS 52, no. 2 (2011): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/matertrans.m2010296.

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Kinoshita, Katsuo. "Plasma Arc Melting Process For Incinerated Ash Treatment." Journal of the Japan Welding Society 62, no. 7 (1993): 545–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2207/qjjws1943.62.545.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Plasma arc melting"

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Hendricks, Brian Reginald. "Simulation of plasma arc cutting." Thesis, Peninsula Technikon, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1245.

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Thesis (MTech (Mechanical Engineering))--Peninsula Technikon, 1999
The simulation of Plasma Arc Cutting is presented in this study. The plasma arc cutting process employs a plasma torch with a very narrow bore to produce a transferred arc to the workpiece. A technique for modelling plasma arc cutting has been developed by applying the thermo-metallurgical model to the process and integrating a model of material removal to this model. The model is solved using the finite element method using the FE package SYSWORLD, more specifically SYSWELD. The objective is to determine the minimum energy required to cut a plate of some thickness using this virtual model. The characteristics of the cut need to exhibit the characteristics of a "high quality cut". The model presented can predict the kerf size given certain process variable settings. The numerical results obtained are assessed by conducting experiments. By maintaining Ill1rumum energy input cost savings can be made through energy savings, limiting additional finishing processes and reducing expense of shortening the electrode and nozzle lifetimes. The modelling of the PAC process using virtual design techniques provides a cost-effective solution to the manufacturing industries with respect to process specification development. This plays an important role in South Africa's transition into a competitive global market. It is envisaged that the model will provide an alternative more efficient, non-destructive means of determining the optimum process variable settings for the plasma arc cutting process.
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Hill, S. D. "Plasma torch interaction with a melting substrate." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17261.

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Beaver, James R. "Plasma vitrification of geomaterials." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/21621.

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Pristavita, Ramona. "Transferred arc production of fumed silica : rheological properties." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=99787.

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The thermal plasma production of fumed silica in a transferred arc consists of the decomposition of quartz to SiO (g) and oxygen followed by an oxidizing quench back to SiO2. The particles formed have diameters of the order of 10 to 20 nm and are linked in a three dimensional branched chain aggregate. Previous work by Addona and Munz (1999) demonstrated the technical feasibility of producing fumed silica using this method, but was unable to demonstrate the special rheological properties of the powder. The most important characteristic of fumed silica is the presence of hydroxyls on the surface of the particles, in the form of isolated hydroxyl groups, hydrogen-bonded hydroxyl groups and siloxane groups.
In the present work, we studied the changes in the powder quality by varying the quench conditions used for the production of the powder and by agglomerating the obtained particles. The fumed silica was agglomerated by conveying in a length of tubing with sharp bends. The powder was characterized using BET, Viscosity tests, FT-IR, TEM, SEM and XRD. The product was compared to both a commercial product (Aerosil 200) and the material previously produced by Addona. Tests were done before and after the agglomeration experiments.
The experimental results showed that the agglomeration had no effect on the powder's rheological properties. We concluded that the smaller viscosity values obtained for the plasma produced fumed silica were due to the lack of the free hydroxyl groups from the surface of the particles.
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Gans, Ira. "The production of ultrafine silica particles through a transferred arc plasma process /." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=65464.

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Celes, Josepha D. "Transformation of processed kaolin by plasma magmavication." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/21643.

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Mayer, Kate A. "Laboratory chamber experiments simulating in-situ plasma vitrification for geoenvironmental concerns." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/18990.

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Hilborn, Monica Maria. "Production of ferro-niobium in the Plasmacan furnace." Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63993.

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Wani, Nitin Yashwant. "Simulation of thermal stresses in vacuum arc remelting process." Ohio : Ohio University, 1995. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1178820121.

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Moradi, Sara. "Transport analysis in tokamak plasmas." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210097.

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In this thesis we mainly focus on the study of the turbulent transport of impurity particles in the plasma due to the electrostatic drift wave microinstabilities. In a fusion reactor, the helium produced as a result of the fusion process is an internal source of impurity. Moreover, impurities are released from the material surfaces surrounding the plasma by a variety of processes: by radiation from plasma, or as a result of sputtering, arcing and evaporation. Impurities in tokamak plasmas introduce a variety of problems. The most immediate effect is the radiated power loss (radiative cooling). Another effect is that the impurity ions produce many electrons and in view of the operating limits on density and pressure, this has the effect of replacing fuel ions. For example, at a given electron density, $n_{e}$, each fully ionized carbon ion (used in the wall materials in the form of graphite) replaces six fuel ions, so that a 7\\% concentration of fully ionized carbon in the plasma core, would reduce the fusion power to one half of the value in a pure plasma. Therefore, for all tokamaks it become an immediate and continuing task to reduce impurities to acceptably low concentrations. However, the presence of impurities, with control, can be beneficial for the plasma performance and reduction of strong plasma heat loads on the plasma facing walls. The radiative cooling effect which was mentioned above can be used at the edge of the plasma in order to distribute the plasma heat more evenly on the whole surface of the vessel walls and therefore, reduce significantly plasma heat bursts on the small regions on the divertor or limiter tiles. The experiments at TEXTOR show that the presence of the impurities at the plasma edge can also improve the performance and reduce the turbulent transport across the magnetic field lines. The observed behavior was explained trough the proposed mechanism of suppression of the most important plasma drift wave microinstability in this region, namely, the Ion Temperature Gradient mode (ITG mode) by the impurities. The impurity's positive impact on the plasma performance offered a possibility to better harness the fusion power, however, it is vital for a fusion reactor to have feedback controls in order to keep impurities at the plasma edge and limit their accumulation in the plasma core where the fusion reactions are happening. In order to have control over the impurity transport we first need to understand different mechanisms responsible for its transport.

One of the least understood areas of the impurity transport and indeed any plasma particle or heat transport in general, is the turbulent transport. Extensive efforts of the fusion plasma community are focused on the subject of turbulent transport. Motivated by the fact that impurity transport is an important issue for the whole community and it is an area which needs fundamental research, we focused our attention on the development of turbulent transport models for impurities and their examination against experiments. In a collaboration effort together with colleagues (theoreticians as well as experimentalist) from different research institutes, we tried to find, through our models, physical mechanisms responsible for experimental observations. Although our main focus in this thesis has been on the impurity transport, we also tried a fresh challenge, and started looking at the problem of drift wave turbulent transport in a different framework all together. Experimental observation of the edge turbulence in the fusion devices show that in the Scrape of Layer (SOL: the layer between last closed magnetic surface and machine walls) plasma is characterized with non-Gaussian statistics and non-Maxwellian Probability Distribution Function (PDF). It has been recognized that the nature of cross-field transport trough the SOL is dominated by turbulence with a significant ballistic or non-local component and it is not simply a diffusive process. There are studies of the SOL turbulent transport using the 2-D fluid descriptions or based on probabilistic models using the Levy statistics (fractional derivatives in space). However, these models are base on the fluid assumptions which is in contradiction with the non-Maxwellian plasmas observed. Therefore, we tried to make a more fundamental study by looking at the effect of the non-Maxwellian plasma on the turbulent transport using a gyro-kinetic formalism. We considered the application of fractional kinetics to plasma physics. This approach, classical indeed, is new in its application. Our aim was to study the effects of a non-Gaussian statistics on the characteristic of the drift waves in fusion plasmas.

Ce travail de thèse porte sur le transport turbulent d'impuretés dans les plasmas de fusion

par confinement magnétique. C'est une question de la plus haute importance pour le développement

de la fusion comme source d'énergie. En effet, une accumulation d'impuretés au coeur

du plasma impliquerait des pertes d'énergie par radiation, conduisant par refroidissement à

l'extinction des réactions de fusion. Il est par contre prévu d'injecter des impuretés dans le

bord du plasma, afin d'extraire la chaleur par rayonnement sans endommager les éléments de

la première paroi. Ces contraintes contradictoires nécessitent un contrôle précis du transport

d'impuretés, afin de minimiser la concentration d'impuretés au coeur du plasma tout en la

maximisant au bord. Une très bonne connaissance de la physique sous-jacente au transport

est donc indispensable. L'effet de la turbulence, principal mécanisme de transport, sur les impuretés

est alors une question centrale. Dans cette thèse, un code numérique, AFC-FL, a été développé sur la base d'une approche ``fluide' linéaire pour la turbulence d'ondes de dérive. Il calcule les taux de croissance qui caractérisent la rapidité de l'amorçage des instabilités. L'analyse de stabilité est complétée par l'évaluation des taux de croissance en présence d'un gradient de densité, un cisaillement magnétique ou un nombre arbitraire de différentes espèces d'impureté. Les formules complètes du flux turbulent d'impuretés pour ces taux de croissance calculés des instabilités des ondes de dérive ont été dérivées. Un modèle de transport anormal qui nous permet d'étudier la dépendence du transport en fonction de la charge d'impureté a été développé. Ce modèle prend en compte les effets collisionnels entre les ions, l'impureté et les particules principales de plasma. Une telle dépendence du transport anormal en fonction de la charge de l'impureté est observée dans les expériences et il a été montré que les résultats obtenus sont en bon accord avec les observations expérimentales. Nous avons également étudié l'effet des impuretés sur le confinement de l'énergie dans les plasmas du tokamak JET. La modélisation de transport a été exécutée pour des plasmas avec injection de néon dans la périphérie du tokamak. Cette technique est utilisée afin d'extraire la chaleur par rayonnement sans endommager la paroi et pour réduire certaines instabilités (ELM). Des simulations du code RITM ont été comparées à des mesures effectuées lors d'expériences au JET. Il a été montré que l'injection de néon mène toujours à une dégradation du confinement par rapport aux décharges sans néon. Cependant, l'augmentation de la charge effective, en raison du presence du néon peut diminuer le taux de croissance d'autres instabilité (ITG) et amèliorer le confinement du coeur du plasma. Ce confinement amélioré du coeur peut alors compenser la dégradation au bord et le confinement global du plasma peut s'améliorer.


Doctorat en sciences, Spécialisation physique
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Books on the topic "Plasma arc melting"

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Dembovsky, Vladimír. Plasma metallurgy: The principles. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1985.

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Dembovský, Vladimír. Plasma metallurgy: The principles. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1985.

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Modrzyński, Andrzej. Kryteria doboru parametrów tekhnologicznych wytapiania staliwa w piecach indukcyjno-plazmowych. Poznań: Wydawn. Politechniki Poznańskiej, 1996.

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Brown, David. The development of clean melting for superalloys with plasma arc remelting. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 2000.

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Grigorenko, G. M. Vodorod i azot v metallakh pri plazmennoĭ plavke. Kiev: Nauk. dumka, 1989.

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Krzyżanowski, Michał. Umocnienie powierzchniowe stopów żelaza przy wykorzystaniunagrzewania plazmowego. Kraków: Wydawnictwa AGH, 1995.

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Cyclic plasticity and low cycle fatigue life of metals. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1991.

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Barker, Bruce James. Plasma arc melting. 1985.

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Great Britain. Energy Efficiency Office. Rapid glass melting by transferred plasma arc. Great Britain, Energy Efficiency Office, 1995.

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Jerome, Feinman, ed. Plasma technology in metallurgical processing. Warrendale, PA: Iron and Steel Society, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Plasma arc melting"

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Mimura, K., and M. Isshiki. "Hydrogen Plasma Arc Melting." In Purification Process and Characterization of Ultra High Purity Metals, 181–202. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56255-6_6.

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Lian, Shuang Shii, Chi Kuang Chang, and Chin Ching Tzeng. "A Study of Porous Slag with Plasma Arc Melting." In Advances in Science and Technology, 2224–28. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/3-908158-01-x.2224.

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Tsao, Shen, and Shuang Shii Lian. "Refining of Metallurgical-Grade Silicon by Thermal Plasma Arc Melting." In Materials Science Forum, 2595–98. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-960-1.2595.

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Sartkulvanich, Partchapol, Don Li, Oscar Yu, Ernie Crist, and Shane Probst. "Applications of Finite Element Modeling on Vacuum ARC Remelting (VAR) and Plasma ARC Melting (PAM) Processes of Titanium Alloys." In Proceedings of the 13th World Conference on Titanium, 365–69. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119296126.ch56.

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"Electron Beam Melting and Plasma Arc Melting Yuan Pang, Shesh Srivatsa, and Kuang-0 (Oscar) Yu." In Modeling for Casting and Solidification Processing, 627–68. CRC Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482277333-26.

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Shahien, Mohammed. "Reactive Plasma Spray." In Production, Properties, and Applications of High Temperature Coatings, 299–332. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-4194-3.ch012.

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Thermal spraying is a well-known coating technology with many variations in spraying techniques, feedstock materials and substrate materials. These unique variations increased its industrial applicability in different fields, including aerospace, automotive, chemical process, corrosion protection, and medical applications. However, one of the main limitations of thermal spray is the difficulty of depositing several nitride ceramics directly using conventional techniques. This is due to the decomposition of nitride particles under high temperature without a stable melting phase. This chapter presents reactive plasma spraying (RPS) technology as a promising solution for the in situ fabrication of several nitride ceramic coatings. The main attractive prospects of RPS for fabricating nitride coatings are specifically highlighted. Successful development of various high-temperature nitride coatings, such as AlN, Fe4N and Si3N4, are presented. Process optimization, the relationship between reaction and process parameters and the influence on coatings formation are comprehensively discussed.
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Conference papers on the topic "Plasma arc melting"

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Miyajima, T., T. Iwao, M. Yumoto, S. Tashiro, and M. Tanaka. "Radiation Distribution of Argon and Nitogen Plasma Arc for Fly Ash Melting." In 2007 IEEE Pulsed Power Plasma Science Conference. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ppps.2007.4346193.

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Takayuki Watanabe, Yaochun Yao, Kazuyuki Yatsuda, Fuji Funabiki, and Tetsuji Yano. "In-flight melting of granulated powders by 12-phase AC arc discharge for glass production." In 2008 IEEE 35th International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/plasma.2008.4590827.

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Kar, Simanchal, P. P. Bandyopadhyay, and S. Paul. "Effect of Arc-Current and Particle Morphology on Fracture Toughness of Plasma Sprayed Aluminium Oxide Coating." In ASME 2017 12th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the JSME/ASME 2017 6th International Conference on Materials and Processing. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2017-2993.

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Alumina powder was sprayed on low carbon steel substrate using atmospheric plasma spray process. Two different powders namely crushed and agglomerated powders were used and current was varied to study their effect on fracture toughness. Theoretically, with increase in arc current, melting of ceramic oxide shall increases and in turn dense coating should form. However, it was observed that if the arc power is too high and particle size of the powder being small (∼ 30 μm), the particles tend to fly away from the plasma core. Similarly, particle size distribution and powder morphology also affects the coating properties. Smaller particle should allow more melting resulting in dense coating and agglomerated powder allows flowability as well as better coating efficiency. Conversely, smaller particles tend to fly away from the plasma making the process difficult while the agglomerated particles showed a bimodal structure marked by presence of unmelted region in the splat core. All these factors lead to substantial variation in the fracture toughness of the coating. The present paper attempts to correlate plasma spraying parameters and microstructure of the coating with fracture toughness of the same.
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Makled, A. H., and E. J. Grotke. "Plasma Arc Gasification for Solid Waste Disposal: Update on St. Lucie County, Florida Project." In 16th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec16-1901.

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Plasma arc gasification is an emerging technology for generation of renewable energy and other by-products from a variety of waste. This bold technology is under development in a number of locations around the world, although it is too early to fully know if the technology is technically feasible and economically viable on a truly heterogeneous municipal waste stream like that found in the U.S. Plasma arc technology in the United States in other applications dates back approximately 40 years when it was utilized by NASA to test heat shield materials for spacecraft. In 1989, plasma arc technology was used in an iron melting furnace in Defiance, Ohio (USA). Plasma arc gasification has been used in municipal solid waste destruction since 1999 in Japan for destruction of solid waste and automobile shredder residue. Plasma arc gasification heats waste materials to temperatures in excess of 10,000 degrees Fahrenheit (°F) to break the molecular bonds and gasify the materials. This liberates the energy potential of the waste materials and melts the residue to an inert, glass-like slag, which may be used as an aggregate in construction and manufacturing operations. If this market can be developed, it will significantly reduce the need for landfill disposal in the future. St. Lucie County, Florida (USA), is in the process of negotiating with a developer for the construction of a plasma arc gasification facility that will process 1,000 tons per day of municipal solid waste. The facility may be the first large scale solid waste plasma arc processing facility in the United States. Camp Dresser & McKee is assisting St. Lucie County to negotiate the agreements for this project. The project is expected to be privately financed, so the County will not be putting any money at risk. In this paper, we will describe the plasma arc technology, present its historical applications, and discuss the St. Lucie project from initial conception to its current status.
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Vardelle, M., P. Fauchais, A. Vardelle, and A. C. Léger. "Influence of the Variation of Plasma Torch Parameters on Particle Melting and Solidification." In ITSC 1997, edited by C. C. Berndt. ASM International, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc1997p0535.

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Abstract A study of the flattening and cooling of particles plasma-sprayed on a substrate is presented. The characteristic parameters of the splats are linked to the parameters of the impacting particles by using an experimental device consisting of a phase Doppler particle analyzer and a high-speed pyrometer. However, during the long experiments required to get reliable correlations, it was observed that variations in plasma spray operating conditions may alter the particles behavior in the plasma jet. Therefore, a simple and easy-to-use system was developed to control in real time the spray jet. In this paper, the effect of carrier gas flow rate, arc current and powder mass flow rate is investigated. The results on zirconia and alumina powders show the capability of the technique to sense the particle spray position and width.
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Leylavergne, M., H. Valetoux, J. F. Coudert, P. Fauchais, and V. Leroux. "Comparison of the Behaviour of Copper, Cast Iron and Aluminum Alloy Substrates Heated by a Plasma Transferred Arc." In ITSC 1998, edited by Christian Coddet. ASM International, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc1998p0489.

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Abstract PTA (Plasma Transferred Arc) reclamation of aluminum alloys by hard materials with a much higher melting temperature is very difficult. This is due to the high thermal diffusivity of these al1oys. Below a critical heat flux φc nothing happens and over φc the substrate melts very rapidly contrarily to what is observed with steel substrates. That explains probably why PTA is mainly used for steel reclamation. Thus the knowledge of heat flux transferred to the anode is a critical point to develop PTA reclamation on aluminum alloys and this is the aim of this paper. An experimental set-up was built to study the heat transferred to three substrates made of different materials : cast iron for reference, aluminum alloy and copper for its high thermal conductivity. The plasma torch was a Castolin Eutectic gun and allowed to inject a sheath gas around the plasma column. The copper, aluminum alloy and cast iron substrates, easily interchangeable, were the top of a water-cooled calorimeter allowing to determine the variation of the received heat flux with the working parameters : arc current, stand off distance, plasma forming gas momentum, sheath gas composition and momentum. The determination of the arc electric field allowed to calculate the arc diameter which was compared first with pictures taken with a video camera and second, with wear traces left on the anode material. Several correlations have been established to characterize the arc voltage and the anode heat flux.
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7

Rao, Z. H., J. Hu, S. M. Liao, and H. L. Tsai. "Determination of Equilibrium Wire Feed Speeds for a Stable GMAW Process." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-67799.

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In gas metal arc welding (GMAW), for given welding conditions (e.g., current, electrode diameter, electrode material, etc.), the consumable electrode wire must be fed in such a speed that it dynamically balances the electrode melting speed in order to achieve a stable welding. In this article, a comprehensive model for GMAW was developed to study the interplay between the transport phenomena including the electrode melting and plasma arc, and the dynamically equilibrium wire feed speeds (WFSs) under different welding conditions. The predicted WFSs are in excellent agreement with published data that were obtained through the trial-and-error procedure.
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8

Sripada, Srinivas S., P. S. Ayyaswamy, and I. M. Cohen. "Numerical Computation of the Heat Transfer to a Spherical-Tip Anode During an Electronic Flame Off Process." In ASME 1997 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-0831.

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Abstract In the ball-wedge bonding process employed in microelectronic packaging, the first step is the formation of a spherical tip by the melting and roll-up of a segment of a cylindrical wire. The heat transfer for the melting and roll-up to a spherical-tip shape is provided by a plasma are that is struck between the wire tip (anode) and a flat plate cathode (wand). Eventually, the spherical tip becomes part of a ball. The ball so formed is bonded on the bond pad of a chip, and the unmelted segment of the wire is looped to form a second (wedge) bond on the lead frame. This provides the interconnection between the chip and the external world. The plasma arc provides heat energy to the wire causing it to melt. A portion of the energy generated by the arc is lost by conduction up the wire, while another portion is lost to the surroundings by radiation and convection. A portion is also lost to the cathode plate. In order to estimate the various heat transport quantities, a numerical simulation of the plasma arc process is required. Here, we provide results of such a numerical simulation. A set of continuum conservation equations for the charged particle densities and the temperatures in the discharge gap are solved, along with Poisson’s equation for the self-consistent electric potential. The equipotential contours, the electron number density and temperature variation in the discharge gap, and the results for the heat transfer to the spherical tip of the wire are presented. Once the heat transfer is evaluated in this manner, subsequent calculations for melting and the ultimate shape and size of the ball may be made. These calculations in turn may be used to develop optimal characteristics for bonding which consist of near-spherical balls with minimal porosity. These are known to be the best candidates for a secure interconnection between the chip and the lead-frame. Although in the past we have published many results for related situations, this is the first time when the anode geometry is completely taken into account. The numerical calculations involve adaptive grid generation based on a body-fitted coordinate system. Results provided here are of immediate application value to the microelectronic packaging industry.
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Leylavergne, M., T. Chartier, A. Grimaud, and P. Fauchais. "PTA Reclamation of Cast Iron Substrates Using Tape Casting Process—The Role of the Organic Binder Concentration." In ITSC 2000, edited by Christopher C. Berndt. ASM International, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2000p1169.

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Abstract Plasma transferred arc (PTA) is now currently used for reclamation of worn materials or to provide wear or corrosion resistant coatings welded to the base material. Instead of injecting the powder in the molten pool created at the coated surface, another way to coat substrate surface before the PTA treatment has been studied. As the powder can not be simply deposited on the substrate surface because of the plasma flow which would blow it off before melting it, a tape casting process was used to obtain an adherent powder layer on the material surface. Its cohesion and adhesion to the substrate are due to the organic binder contained in the tape to form organic bridges between particles. In this paper, the electrical properties of NiCu (70/30) tapes deposited on cast iron substrates were first studied. It has been shown that the binder led to a low electrical conductivity of the layer. PTA treatment of the casted tapes has been carried out by starting the electrical arc on the metallic cast iron substrates. The process control by CCD camera allowed to observe that the NiCu particles fell in the melting pool created at the substrate surface. The study of the obtained alloy compositions has shown the drastic influence of the initial binder concentration in the tape. Moreover, before being treated by PTA, some NiCu tapes were heated in a furnace at 1100°C for 4 hours to remove the organic binder and sinter the layer. The coatings thus produced, which were characterized by a low electrical resistivity and a good adhesion to the substrate, were then treated by PTA. The surfacing alloy properties were compared to those obtained without heat treatment.
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10

Leylavergne, M., A. Grimaud, P. Fauchais, T. Chartier, and J. F. Baumard. "PTA Reclamation of Cast Iron and Aluminum Alloys Substrate with NiCu Film Deposited by Tape Casting." In ITSC 1998, edited by Christian Coddet. ASM International, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc1998p0373.

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Abstract Plasma transferred arc (PTA) is now currently used for reclamation of worn materials or to provide wear or corrosion resistant coatings welded to the base material. However, the powder injection in the molten pool created at the coated part surface is a critical parameter. In order to avoid coating reproducibility problems induced by the powder feed rate, the way to coat substrate surface with powder before the PTA treatment has been studied. As the powder cannot simply be deposited onto the substrate because of the plasma flow which would blow it off before melting it, tape casting process was used to obtain an adherent powder layer on the material surface. In this paper, tape casting of NiCu particles is described and the different organic additives used to obtain a homogeneous nickel copper film on cast iron and AG3 aluminum alloys are presented. The first results of the treatment of these films by PTA reclamation are then shown.
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Reports on the topic "Plasma arc melting"

1

Tubesing, P. K., D. R. Korzekwa, and P. S. Dunn. Plasma arc melting of zirconium. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/638217.

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2

Imhoff, Seth D., Robert M. Aikin, Jr., Hunter Swenson, and Eunice Martinez Solis. DU Processing Efficiency and Reclamation: Plasma Arc Melting. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1395002.

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