Journal articles: 'Plasma arc melting'

1

Sinha, O. P., and R. C. Gupta. "Acoustic Emission during Plasma Arc Melting." ISIJ International 33, no. 8 (1993): 903–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.33.903.

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2

Blackburn, M. J., and D. R. Malley. "Plasma arc melting of titanium alloys." Materials & Design 14, no. 1 (January 1993): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0261-3069(93)90041-s.

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3

Nikolaev, A. A. "Separation of titanium and silicon oxides during plasma-arc melting of quartz-leucoxene concentrate." Physics and Chemistry of Materials Treatment 5 (2021): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.30791/0015-3214-2021-5-30-36.

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The aim of the work was investigation of separation of titanium’s and silicon’s oxides during plasma-arc melting of quartz-leucoxene concentrate from Yarega deposit. The melting was proceeded in laboratory plasma-arc furnace in graphite crucible at 16 – 40 kW of arc power. The microstructure and R-x phase analysis of solidified melt were investigated after arc melting. The melt separated on two layers. The upper layer consisted mainly of SiO2 in the form of glass, the lower layer — mainly of cemented titanium oxide particles ≈ 100 μm in dimension. TiO2, Ti8O15, Ti6O11, Fe3TiO3O10, Ti3O5 were observed. These particles formed during melting and moved throw liquid glass to the bottom of crucible with the speed of V ≈ 10–4 m/s. The separation of TiO2 and SiO2 required energy W ≈ 100 GJ/t of concentrate in laboratory plasma arc furnace. The possibility of industrial employment of the arc melting separation was discussed. The estimated energy requirement was about 5 GJ/t in 20-t arc furnace.

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4

Hsu, Y. F., and B. Rubinsky. "Transient Melting of a Metal Plate by a Penetrating Plasma Arc." Journal of Heat Transfer 109, no. 2 (May 1, 1987): 463–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3248105.

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A study was performed on the heat transfer and the fluid flow during transient melting of a metal plate subjected to stationary, penetrating plasma-arc heating. An integral method of solution was used for this simplified, first-order simulation of plasma-arc metal processing. The results of the study reveal the importance of the workpiece thickness, plasma-penetrating hole size, and gravity on the melting process and the molten fluid flow. The study also shows that plasma-arc metal processing seems to be a low-efficiency manufacturing process with only 7 percent of the plasma energy contributing to the melting.

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5

Sydorets, Volodymyr, Volodymyr Korzhyk, and Oleksandr Babych. "On the Plasma Temperature in the Hybrid Plasma-MIG Welding Process." Applied Mechanics and Materials 872 (October 2017): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.872.61.

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In many respects, the advantages of the hybrid welding process Plasma-MIG are explained by the interaction of the arc discharges, which make up it: a plasma discharge and an arc with a consumable electrode (MIG). Knowledge and understanding of the laws of this interaction is very important for the implementation of the process and obtaining good results. The theoretical analysis of the influence of the plasma discharge temperature with non-consumable electrode on the melting of the electrode wire was carried out. The dynamics of the melting of the electrode wire and dynamics of circuit with consumable electrode arc were been investigation. Estimates of the maximum value of the temperature of plasma discharge have been made. These results were used to select welding modes and for carrying out the technological experiments.

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Nishi, Seiji, Tatsuhiko Kusamichi, and Toshio Onoye. "Arc Voltage and Heat Efficiency during Plasma Arc Melting of Titanium." ISIJ International 35, no. 2 (1995): 114–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.35.114.

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7

Jegou, Claude, Gerard Cognet, A. Roubaud, J.-M. Gatt, G. Laffont, and F. Kassabji. "PLASMA TRANSFERRED ARC ROTARY FURNACE FOR "CORIUM" MELTING." High Temperature Material Processes (An International Quarterly of High-Technology Plasma Processes) 1, no. 3 (1997): 409–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/hightempmatproc.v1.i3.100.

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8

UEJO, Satoru, Hiroyuki KOSHIMIZU, Takashi HANABUSA, Yasunori CHIBA, Takehiro KIMURA, Takashi IKEDA, and Masafumi MAEDA. "Design and Installation of Plasma Arc Melting Apparatus." Shigen-to-Sozai 109, no. 10 (1993): 823–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2473/shigentosozai.109.823.

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9

Mimura, Kouji, Keigo Matsumoto, and Minoru Isshiki. "Purification of Hafnium by Hydrogen Plasma Arc Melting." MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS 52, no. 2 (2011): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/matertrans.m2010296.

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10

Kinoshita, Katsuo. "Plasma Arc Melting Process For Incinerated Ash Treatment." Journal of the Japan Welding Society 62, no. 7 (1993): 545–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2207/qjjws1943.62.545.

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11

Peng, Zhao, Meng Yuedong, Yu Xinyao, Chen Longwei, Jiang Yiman, Ni Guohua, and Chen Mingzhou. "Energy Balance in DC Arc Plasma Melting Furnace." Plasma Science and Technology 11, no. 2 (April 2009): 206–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1009-0630/11/2/14.

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12

Uchikoshi, Masahito, Kazuki Imai, Kouji Mimura, and Minoru Isshiki. "Oxidation refining of iron using plasma-arc melting." Journal of Materials Science 43, no. 16 (August 2008): 5430–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-008-2845-1.

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13

Kmeťová, Ľubomíra, Marián Lázar, Natália Jasminská, and Romana Dobáková. "Potential Applications of Vitrified Slag as a Product of Plasma Arc Melting." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 9, no. 11 (November 1, 2021): 203–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol9.iss11.3491.

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The present article presents the potential of vitrified slag, one of the products of plasma arc melting, for further industrial applications based on previous experiments. The existing publications on the investigation into this field is hence supplemented with our series of experiments conducted using vitrified slag from plasma arc gasification and melting of fly ash from municipal waste, as well as a mixture consisting of fly ash produced by fluidised-bed boilers in a heat power plant and recovered asbestos cement roofing sheets. It should be noted that the process of plasma arc gasification and melting facilitates not only a significant reduction of the quantity of processed hazardous wastes, but also a possibility of transforming such wastes into an inert product, which may be used as an input raw material in certain industrial processes.

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14

Chu, S. C., and S. S. Lian. "Numerical analysis of temperature distribution of plasma arc with molten pool in plasma arc melting." Computational Materials Science 30, no. 3-4 (August 2004): 441–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.commatsci.2004.03.014.

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15

Crist, Ernie, Birendra Jena, Michael Jacques, Matt Dahar, Don Li, and Fusheng Sun. "Advancement of Plasma Cold-Hearth Melting for Production of Gamma Titanium Aluminide Alloys within Arconic." MATEC Web of Conferences 321 (2020): 08008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202032108008.

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Utilization of gamma titanium aluminide alloys in aerospace and automotive/industrial applications has placed significant demand on melting sources for products to be used in cast, wrought, and direct-machining applications. There is also an increased demand for input stock used in gas atomization of powders. Current technologies used in ingot manufacturing include plasma arc melting, vacuum arc melting, and induction skull melting + centrifugal casting. Subsequent processing may include forging, re-melting + casting, or machining directly into components. Over the past six years, Arconic Engineered Structures has developed a robust melting method using plasma cold-hearth melting technology, including the design and implementation of a new 3-torch system to produce Ti-48-2-2 cast bars. General discussions concerning plasma cold-hearth melting, manufacturing challenges, and metallurgical attributes associated with cast Ti-48-2-2 bars will be reviewed. Emphasis will be on understanding the impact of hot isostatic pressing on internal voids, residual stress cracking and resulting mechanical properties.

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16

Xu, Yue Lan, Xiao Yong Hu, and Jun Zhang. "Research on Plasma Arc Melting-Pressure Welding Method for Nitinol Alloy Wire." Advanced Materials Research 631-632 (January 2013): 530–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.631-632.530.

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According to the problem of the joint performance degradation in melting nitinol alloy wire connection, the method of melting-pressure connection applying plasma arc welding as melting heat source was designed and the special flexible fixture was invented to realize the welding process. the Φ2mm nitinol alloy wire connected by this method is shaped well . The characteristic of the welded joint microcosmic formation shows that the grains appear rheological pattern in heat-affected zone. The tensile strength of the joint by plasma arc melting-pressure welding after annealing is 89% of the base metal, it also increases by 43% comparing with the plasma fusion welding joint. The shape memory of the joint is about 97.1% of the base metal, which is higher than the fusion weld joints by 3.3% .

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17

Tsao, Shen, and Shuang Shii Lian. "Refining of Metallurgical-Grade Silicon by Thermal Plasma Arc Melting." Materials Science Forum 475-479 (January 2005): 2595–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.475-479.2595.

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The refining of MG-silicon (MG-Si) is closely related to the cost and purity of solar-grade silicon (SoG-Si) as well as semiconductor-grade silicon (SeG-Si). Plasma arc refining of MG-silicon is one of the alternative and effective route to remove the impurities in silicon. In this study, a 60KW transfer-arc plasma melting furnace operated in105Pa was used to purify the MG-Si by different kinds of working gas, which was composed of 100%Ar, 95%Ar+5%O2, 95%Ar+5%H2, and 70%Ar+30%H2 respectively. During the processing, an optical spectrometer was used to monitor the changes of compositions. The experimental results show that the removal rate of impurities of aluminum, calcium, sodium, barium...etc. in silicon with plasma working gas containing oxygen, and hydrogen are higher than pure Ar plasma. Especially with 30% H2 plasma, the removal rate of the Na and Ba could reach 100% and the removal rate of Ca and Al could also achieve to 99.5% and 89.5% respectively. For the impurities of boron in the MG-Si, the elimination rate of hydrogen-mixed plasma could be as high as 76%.The in-situ monitoring of plasma refining is accomplished with the monochromators in the range of visible light’s wavelength. From the results of chemical analysis and optical spectrograph, it revealed that elimination rate of Fe and Al was higher in hydrogen-contained plasma arc than in pure Ar plasma, As to the refining of carbon, the hydrogen and oxygen mixed plasma arc are also efficient to reduce the carbon content in silicon, which could be decreased from 310 ppm to 60~70 ppm.

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18

Shapovalov, V., Y. Nikitenko, A. Manulyk, and D. Kalashnyk. "Production of Amorphous Alloys by Special Electrometallurgy Methods." MRS Proceedings 1812 (2016): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2016.12.

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ABSTRACTFast-quenched alloys with amorphous and microcrystalline structures were obtained by the cooling drum spinning method during plasma-arc melting process. Thermal load measurements carried out during the melting process and the spinning of the molten material that followed, helped us to modify the existing plasma-arc equipment. Metallographic analyses of the amorphous alloys showed the influence of some quenching process parameters on the creation of their microstructure and revealed the nature of the formation of the crystal structures.

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19

Lian, Shuang Shii, Chih Kang Chang, and Chin Ching Tzeng. "A Study of Porous Slag with Plasma Arc Melting." Advances in Science and Technology 45 (October 2006): 2224–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.45.2224.

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The slag from steel plants or incinerators was tried to be recycled and be reused as foam materials through plasma arc melting. The study was intended to investigate the making of foam slag with laboratory plasma melting facilities. The investigated materials consisted of different mixtures of Al2O3、SiO2 、FetO、CaO and Na2O, with the fluxes that were necessary to examine the capability of pore-formation in the solidified ingots. It has been found that the foam slag could be obtained with the proper compositions and conditions of arc heating. The dimensions and distributions of pores were studied and correlated with the temperatures and compositions of slag. The results showed that the sizes of pores inside the solidified ingots were in the range of 1~5 mm, and the thickness of slag was around 20 mm. As to the distributions of the pores in the ingots of slag, further improvement would be needed in the future.

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20

Yan, M., and W. Z. Zhu. "Surface treatment of 45 steel by plasma-arc melting." Surface and Coatings Technology 91, no. 3 (May 1997): 183–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0257-8972(96)03181-7.

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21

Mimura, Kouji, Tetsufumi Komukai, and Minoru Isshiki. "Purification of chromium by hydrogen plasma-arc zone melting." Materials Science and Engineering: A 403, no. 1-2 (August 2005): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2005.03.113.

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22

Guo, Xiliang, Jianbo Yu, Yuan Hou, Yujia Zhang, Jiang Wang, Xia Li, Hanlin Liao, and Zhongming Ren. "Manganese Removal from Liquid Nickel by Hydrogen Plasma Arc Melting." Materials 12, no. 1 (December 22, 2018): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12010033.

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In this work, the removal of manganese from nickel melts by Ar and (10%, 20% and 40%) H2 plasma arc melting under various pressures (0.01–0.02, 0.04–0.05 and 0.09–0.1 MPa) was investigated experimentally. The results show that only a slight reduction in the manganese content is obtained by Ar plasma arc melting (PAM). By contrast, the manganese content of liquid nickel decreases noticeably upon the addition of hydrogen to plasma gas, and the rate of manganese removal increases with increasing hydrogen volume fraction. In addition, the reduction in the pressure enhances the efficiency of manganese removal from liquid nickel by hydrogen plasma arc melting (HPAM). The process of manganese removal by HPAM was found to obey a first-order rate law. From kinetic analysis, the rate of reduction in the manganese content increases proportionally to the 0.73–0.75th power of the hydrogen volume fraction in the plasma gas. However, the rate of the manganese content reduction increases proportionally to approximately 0.88th power of %H2 in the plasma gas for the initial manganese content of 0.89 mass%, which is slightly higher than that for the initial manganese concentration of 0.45 mass%. Thermodynamic analysis indicates that the volatilization of manganese benefits from negative pressure and the presence of active hydrogen atoms that act as the transfer media of the metal vapor in the gas boundary layer.

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23

Kubo, Y., and H. Igarashi. "Single‐roller rapid quenching of high melting temperature alloys using plasma‐arc melting." Journal of Applied Physics 60, no. 1 (July 1986): 396–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.337661.

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24

Yamamoto, Kentaro, Manabu Tanaka, Tashiro Shinichi, Kazuhiro Nakata, Keiichi Suzuki, and Kei Yamazaki. "Numerical Modeling of Welding Arc with Complex System between Arc Plasma and Molten Electrode." Materials Science Forum 580-582 (June 2008): 311–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.580-582.311.

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It is important to consider the interaction between arc plasma and electrodes because melting of electrodes strongly affects arc plasma. Therefore, a GMA model will be developed, based on the unified model of TIG arc. As a first step, a TIG arc model with a calculation for molten cathode shape has been proposed. This model is calculated in two cases; molten W cathode and Calculation result of W cathode. In the case of W cathode, cathode shape change was found to affect the arc plasma property strongly. Calculated results of radial temperature distributions on electrode surface and arc pressure distributions at the anode surface are very similar to the experimental results.

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25

Yao, Yao Chun, Takayuki Watanabe, and Kazuyuki Yatsuda. "Characterization of 12-Phase AC Arc Discharge and Glass In-Flight Melting Behavior." Advanced Materials Research 485 (February 2012): 185–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.485.185.

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Thermal plasma of 12-phase AC arc was successfully developed and applied in the field of glass in-flight melting, and the arc discharge behavior was characterized by image analysis. The effects of sheath gas flow rate on arc discharge and melting behavior of granulated glass raw material were investigated. Results show that different sheath gas flow rates lead to various arc discharge and high-temperature region. The fluctuation of luminance area ratio and coefficient of variation reflects the change of arc discharge behavior. As the sheath gas flow rate increases, the ratio of luminance area decreases and the center temperature of arc increases. The vitrification degree of glass raw material is mostly dependent on the center temperature of arc, higher center temperature and more vitrification degree.

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26

Mimura, K., J. W. Lim, J. M. Oh, G. S. Choi, S. W. Cho, M. Uchikoshi, and M. Isshiki. "Refining effect of hydrogen plasma arc melting on titanium sponges." Materials Letters 64, no. 3 (February 2010): 411–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2009.11.033.

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27

HE, Guowei, Kuniyoshi ISHII, Yoshiaki KASHIWAYA, and Naoyuki KAYUKAWA. "Atomic Transition Probabilities of Ar Arc Plasma for Metal Melting." Tetsu-to-Hagane 82, no. 4 (1996): 279–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.82.4_279.

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28

Bae, Joon Woo, Jae-Won Lim, Kouji Mimura, and Minoru Isshiki. "Refining effect of hydrogen plasma arc melting on hafnium metal." Materials Letters 60, no. 21-22 (September 2006): 2604–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2006.01.061.

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29

Tanaka, Manabu, Masao Ushio, and John J. Lowke. "Numerical study of gas tungsten arc plasma with anode melting." Vacuum 73, no. 3-4 (April 2004): 381–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2003.12.058.

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30

Elanski, Dmitri, Kouji Mimura, Taizo Ito, and Minoru Isshiki. "Purification of tantalum by means of hydrogen plasma arc melting." Materials Letters 30, no. 1 (January 1997): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-577x(96)00164-4.

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31

Kinoshita, K., Akihiko Hayashi, Kohzo Akahide, and Taketoshi Yamazaki. "High power plasma arc melting process for incinerated ash contraction." Pure and Applied Chemistry 66, no. 6 (January 1, 1994): 1295–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac199466061295.

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32

Mingzhou, Chen, Meng Yuedong, Shi Jiabiao, Kuang Jing'an, Ni Guohua, Liu Wei, and Jiang Yiman. "DC Arc Plasma Furnace Melting of Waste Incinerator Fly Ash." Plasma Science and Technology 11, no. 1 (February 2009): 62–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1009-0630/11/1/13.

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33

Mimura, Kouji, Takanori Sato, and Minoru Isshiki. "Purification of lanthanum and cerium by plasma arc zone melting." Journal of Materials Science 43, no. 8 (February 21, 2008): 2721–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-008-2449-9.

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34

Guo, Xiliang, Jianbo Yu, Yujia Zhang, Liang Liu, Xia Li, Hanlin Liao, and Zhongming Ren. "Deep deoxidization from liquid iron by hydrogen plasma arc melting." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 43, no. 27 (July 2018): 12153–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.04.035.

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35

Elanski, D., J. W. Lim, K. Mimura, and M. Isshiki. "Thermodynamic estimation of hydride formation during hydrogen plasma arc melting." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 439, no. 1-2 (July 2007): 210–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2006.04.076.

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36

Jiang, Fan, Cheng Li, Bin Xu, Shinichi Tashiro, Manabu Tanaka, and Shujun Chen. "Study on the Decoupled Transfer of Heat and Mass in Wire Variable Polarity Plasma Arc Welding." Materials 13, no. 5 (February 28, 2020): 1073. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13051073.

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A hybrid arc-wire welding method based on the variable polarity plasma arc (VPPA) and variable polarity pulse metal inert-gas (VP-PMIG) was proposed for manufacturing aluminum alloys. This paper aims to clarify the decoupling control process of heat and mass transfer in the hybrid welding process. To understand the arc physics and analyze the mass transfer behavior, the hybrid arc shape and droplet cross-sectional area with different parameters were obtained by high speed video photography. Further, the melting area of the base metal was analyzed by macro-metallography of the weld bead cross-section to study the heat transfer. It is found that the hybrid arc shape changes with time. The VPPA main arc is deflected to one side by the VP-PMIG, making the temperature distribution asymmetric, and during the VP-PMIG pulse necking occurs. The cross-sectional area of the droplet is more obviously affected by the VP-PMIG current than the VPPA current. Meanwhile, the VPPA current dominates the melting area of the base metal. Therefore, we conclude that heat transfer to the base metal is from the VPPA, while droplet transfer is mainly controlled by the VP-PMIG arc. These conclusions are confirmed by analyzing the decoupling degree of heat and mass transfer of the base metal by the VPPA and VP-PMIG arc.

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37

Ruby-Meyer, Fabienne, Emiliane Doridot, Jérôme Delfosse, and Stéphane Hans. "Ti and TiAl melting with a semi-industrial PAMCHR." MATEC Web of Conferences 321 (2020): 10010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202032110010.

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Upscaling from laboratory trials to industrialization is a critical step in the development of new metallurgical processes and products. Pilot trials are an important way to provide data that can be used to better understand and model the industrial-scale process. MetaFensch has invested in a semi-industrial Plasma Arc Melter Cold Hearth Refiner (PAMCHR) in order to support the development of the recycling of titanium scraps into aeronautical grade titanium alloy ingots. This pilot supports the industrial scale PAMCHR of the company Ecotitanium in the frame of a collaborative project with Aubert & Duval and Safran as industrial partners. The work done on the pilot scale PAMCHR consists in studying the influence of various parameters like the type of melting feedstock, plasma arc parameters, operating pressure on the final quality of the cast ingot. The goal is to understand the physico-chemical mechanisms involved in the plasma arc interacting with the liquid metal in order to optimize the melting and refining parameters for the industrial scale furnace Ecotitanium (Ti64 alloy). Ti64 and TiAl ingots were cast in 150 mm and 100 mm diameter. Chemical composition and solidification structure were characterized. The effect of the different process parameters on the titanium melt and on the ingot quality are studied. Examples of exploitation of the thermograms obtained with the thermal camera situated above the refining cold hearth will also be presented in this paper.

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38

Xu, Wen Ji, Wen Qing Song, Xu Yue Wang, Jian Bing Meng, and L. J. Wang. "Numerical and Experimental Research on the Flexible Forming of Metal Sheet Using Magnetic-Driving Plasma Arc." Advanced Materials Research 264-265 (June 2011): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.264-265.18.

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Flexible forming of metal sheet using plasma arc is a new technique which forms parts by thermal stress without moulds and external force. To improve the surface quality of formed parts, a magnetic-driving plasma arc (MDPA) was applied in monitoring the distribution of heat flux. A mathematical model was developed to study the variations of temperature fields and deformation fields with MDPA and merely with plasma arc, which was validated by the forming experiments. The results indicated that the swing amplitude of MDPA increased linearly when the exciting current Ie < 1.2 A, and the distribution of heat flux with MDPA was more uniform than that merely with plasma arc in the heating zone, which avoided the possible partial melting and ablation of metal sheet. Moreover, the “U-shape” occurred with MDPA, and the material accumulation with MDPA was smaller than that merely with plasma arc on the surface of metal sheet.

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39

Sydorets, Volodymyr, V. Korzhyk, V. Khaskin, O. Babych, and O. Berdnikova. "On the Thermal and Electrical Characteristics of the Hybrid Plasma-MIG Welding Process." Materials Science Forum 906 (September 2017): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.906.63.

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The theoretical analysis of the influence of the plasma discharge temperature with non-consumable electrode on the melting of the electrode wire was carried out. The dynamics of the melting of the electrode wire and dynamics of circuit with consumable electrode arc were been investigation. The estimation of maximum values of the temperature of plasma have been made. Influence of the MIG process on the volt-ampere characteristics of the plasma discharge have been studied. These results were used for carrying out the technological experiments.

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40

Knight, R., R. W. Smith, and D. Apelian. "Application of plasma arc melting technology to processing of reactive metals." International Materials Reviews 36, no. 1 (January 1991): 221–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/imr.1991.36.1.221.

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41

Fukuyama, Hiroyuki, Wataru Nakao, Masahiro Susa, and Kazuhiro Nagata. "New Synthetic Method of Forming Aluminum Oxynitride by Plasma Arc Melting." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 82, no. 6 (December 21, 2004): 1381–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1999.tb01927.x.

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42

Roman, W. C. "Application of Thermal Plasma Arc Melting for Critical Alloy Ingot Preparation." IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 14, no. 4 (1986): 370–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tps.1986.4316564.

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43

Guo, Xiliang, Jianbo Yu, Yujia Zhang, Xia Li, Jiang Wang, Hanlin Liao, and Zhongming Ren. "Mechanism of Desulfurization from Liquid Iron by Hydrogen Plasma Arc Melting." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B 49, no. 6 (September 5, 2018): 2951–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11663-018-1345-1.

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44

Li, Guoling, Li Li, Chao Yang, Wenhuai Tian, and Xingguo Li. "Removal of gaseous impurities from terbium by hydrogen plasma arc melting." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 40, no. 25 (July 2015): 7943–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2015.03.054.

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45

Lalev, G. M., J. W. Lim, N. R. Munirathnam, G. S. Choi, M. Uchikoshi, K. Mimura, and M. Isshiki. "Impurity behavior in Cu refined by Ar plasma-arc zone melting." Metals and Materials International 15, no. 5 (October 2009): 753–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12540-009-0753-1.

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46

Lim, J. W., K. Mimura, and M. Isshiki. "Removal of metallic impurities from zirconium by hydrogen plasma arc melting." Journal of Materials Science 40, no. 15 (August 2005): 4109–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-005-0642-7.

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47

Li, Hai Song, Hong Chao Kou, Feng Xu, and Hui Chang. "The Influence of Plasma Arc Behavior on Ingot Top Surface Temperature Distribution during PAM Process." Advanced Materials Research 709 (June 2013): 313–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.709.313.

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A 3D finite element model was established to simulate the top surface temperature evolution of Ti45Al8Nb (at.%) alloy ingot under the effect of plasma arc behavior during plasma arc cold hearth melting (PAM) process. According to the model, the top surface temperature distribution and its evolution was analyzed under different heat flux densities. Simulation results show that the position of maximum top surface temperature changes with plasma arc motion, and always located in the plasma arc heating regional center, and it increases first with time elapse and then decreases in the rest of time within one cycle. The results also show that the top surface temperature is increased with the increase in heat flux densities, but the extent is not significant, and meanwhile the temperature distribution is more non-uniform and temperature gradient is greater with the increase in heat flux densities.

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Parshin, Sergey G., and Peter Mayr. "Thermophysical Properties of Electric Arc Plasma and the Wire Melting Effect with Lanthanum and Sulfur Fluorides Addition in Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing." Metals 11, no. 11 (November 1, 2021): 1756. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11111756.

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Achieving a higher quality in wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is a result of the development of welding metallurgy, the development of filler wires, and the control of the thermophysical properties of the electric arc. In this paper, the authors developed composite wires for WAAM with a Ni-LaF3, Ni-LaB6 coating. The addition of LaF3, LaB6, and SF6 increases specific heat, thermal conductivity, enthalpy, and degree of plasma ionization, which leads to the increase in the transfer of heat from the arc plasma to the wire and to the change in the balance of forces during wire melting. The increase in the Lorentz electromagnetic force and the decrease in the surface tension force made it possible to reduce the droplet diameter and the number of short circuits during wire melting. The change in the thermophysical properties of the plasma and droplet transfer with the addition of LaF3, LaB6, and SF6 made it possible to increase the welding current, penetration depth, accuracy of the geometric dimensions of products in WAAM, reduce the wall thickness of products, and refine the microstructure of the weld metal using G3Si1, 316L, AlMg5Mn1Ti, and CuCr0.7 wires.

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Rzeźnikiewicz, Agnieszka, and Jacek Górka. "The influence of plasma gas on changes in chemical composition and structures during the cutting process." International Journal of Modern Manufacturing Technologies 13, no. 3 (December 25, 2021): 151–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.54684/ijmmt.2021.13.3.151.

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Cutting is usually one of initial and basic operations of the manufacturing process of welded structures and realization constructions elements. Thermal cutting, in particular plasma arc cutting is often used to prepare elements. The plasma arc cutting process involves melting and ejecting the liquid metal from the cutting gap with a highly concentrated plasma electric arc which is generated between the non-consuable electrode and the workpiece. The paper presents the results of research on the influence of plasma gas on structural changes and chemical compositions changes resulting unalloyed steel cutting by air plasma arc. It was shown that in the air plasma arc cutting process the amorphous layer with a very high nitrogen content (about 1.6%) and a hardness of 750 HV 0.2 was used. This high nitriding effect is due to the diffusion of nitrogen from the plasma gas. As a result of the interaction of air plasma arc gases on the liquid metal, the cutting surface is carburized (about 0.5%). The alloy components are also burnt according to the theory of selective oxidation of chemical elements. The material structure after the air plasma cutting process shows the structures between the structure formed after oxygen cutting processs and nitrogen plasma cutting process. The process of argon-hydrogen plasma cutting has the least influence on the cut material.

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Kozhemyakin, V. G., V. A. Shapovalov, V. R. Burnashev, T. I. Grishchenko, and D. A. Kalashnik. "Melting Of Copper Master Alloys With Highly-reactive Metals Under Conditions Of Plasma-arc Skull Melting." Современная электрометаллургия 2016, no. 4 (April 28, 2016): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/sem2016.04.07.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Plasma arc melting'

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