Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Plasma (Gaz ionisés)'
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Dubuit, Nicolas. "Transport turbulent d'impuretés dans un plasma magnétisé." Nancy 1, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2006_0253_DUBUIT.pdf.
Full textThe turbulent impurity transport is an essential issue for the achievement of magnetically confined fusion. Indeed, a build-up of impurities in the plasma core induces radiation energy losses. On the other hand, it is foreseen to inject impurities at the plasma edge in order to extract heat by radiation. These conditions impose control and therefore understanding of impurity transport. An analytical expression for the turbulent flux of impurities for a given turbulent spectrum have been derived using a quasilinear theory applied to a drift-wave turbulence. The nature and characteristics of the main accumulation (or pinch) mechanisms for impurities have been identified. A new version of the fluid turbulence code TRB has been developed. This version allows simulating the transport of impurities in electronic and ionic drift-wave turbulence. Zero-flux simulations, corresponding to a stationnary plasma whose impurity source is limited to the plasma edge, confirmed the presence of an impurity pinch. Quasilinear predictions have been numerically confirmed, and the relative importance of the various pinch mechanisms has been studied. The dominant role of curvature pinch has been shown. Finally, simulations have been compared to experimental measurements made on JET and Tore Supra tokamaks. The presence of a turbulent pinch of impurities has been confirmed, as well as the independence of transport on impurity charge
Matte, Jean-Pierre. "Modélisation cinétique de l'intéraction laser-plasma." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987EPXX0001.
Full textGrandgirard, Virginie. "Modelisation de l'equilibre d'un plasma de tokamak." Besançon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BESA2039.
Full textDe, Dominici Gregory. "Understand and predict the power threshold leading to reduced turbulent transport at the edge of tokamak plasma." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0320.
Full textA model based on a model which natively contained turbulence and turbulence driven flow. It has been improved to include the diamagnetic effects, the magnetic fluctuations, and in this work, we study the parametric dependencies of the observed L-H transition power threshold with respect to the ion mass. By including the diamagnetic effects in our model, we allow the competition between the drift waves and the interchange instabilities. This competition is here studied using fixed gradient simulation. We show in this work that the diamagnetic effects are stabilizing for a resistivity close to experimental conditions. Electromagnetic effects lead to more unstable modes at realistic resistivities. Moreover, a quasilinear estimation of the turbulent flux is able to qualitatively grasp the competition between the drift waves and the interchange and the behaviour of the nonlinear electrostatic turbulent flux with resistivity and plasma beta. Another parametric dependency of the turbulence is studied, by changing the mass of the isotope. This is known as the isotope effect. We show here that the turbulence is reduced when the ion mass is increased. Finally, the characteristic times of the turbulence are studied.Magnetic fluctuations have a dramatic effect on correlation times of the turbulence, by drastically reducing them. Accounting for these results, we present in this work the auto-generation of a transport barrier with electromagnetic simulations of edge turbulence, when the heat power is higher than a threshold, using flux-driven simulations. We have then changed the isotope, and correspondingly to experiments, the power threshold is lower for higher isotope mass
Couëdel, Lénaïc Gaël Hervé Fabien. "Formation et dynamique de nanoparticules dans un plasma complexe (poussiéreux) : de l'allumage du plasma à la phase post-décharge." Orléans, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ORLE2048.
Full textCOURTEILLE, CATHERINE. "Etude d'une grande source multipolaire hybride d'ions negatifs d'hydrogene et de deuterium. Developpement des techniques de mesures par photodetachement laser." Caen, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993CAEN2020.
Full textOuni, Fakhreddine. "Production d'hydrogène et valorisation des alcanes par plasma non thermique." Orléans, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ORLE2055.
Full textFleurence, Emmanuel. "Descriptions fluide et cinétique d'une turbulence d'interchange dans un plasma magnétisé." Nancy 1, 2005. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2005_0141_FLEURENCE.pdf.
Full textThe kinetic and fluid descriptions of the interchange instability are compared in the linear and non-linear regimes. The prediction of the turbulent transport in tokamaks is the general framework. The kinetic model is two dimensional in space, and one dimensional in energy. The fluid analogue retains the dynamics of both density and pressure. The closure, which acts on the heat flux, is collisional. The fluid system is shown to be equivalent to two Vlasov-type equations for two distinct monokinetic distribution functions. This allows one to use the same numerical tool to run non-linear simulations in kinetic and fluid. For similar linear characteristics, the level of heat turbulent transport is larger in fluid than in kinetics, by orders of magnitudes. Zonal flows do not explain the whole discrepancy. As a matter of fact, the distribution function departs significantly from a maxwellian, so that the adopted closure is failing. An alternative collisionless closure is proposed. It aims at fitting the quasi-linear entropy production rates. In this case, the kinetic and fluid linear properties can be made similar
DOUIEB, FREDDY. "Etude experimentale d'un commutateur a ouverture de plasma de differentes geometries." Paris 11, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA112475.
Full textAlastuey, Angel. "Quelques propriétés d'équilibre du plasma à une composante." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112025.
Full textWe study some equilibrium properties of the classical one component plasma (OCP), in three and two dimensions (1/r and- lnr potentials respectively). This simple model does have the essential properties (screening effects) of multicomponent Coulomb systems in the plasma phase. Furthermore the OCP describes with a good accuracy some real systems, in Astrophysics or on the Earth. Because of its basic and practical interest, there has been numerous works on the OCP: rigorous approaches, numerical simulations, approximated theories. Our work presents some of the aspects mentioned before (numerical simulations excluded). We consider both the homogeneous system (fluid phase) and the inhomogeneous system (interfaces). Our rigorous approaches contain a non-perturbative proof of the fast decay of the correlations in the monotonic regime, a general study of the potential and field fluctuations dimensions in two dimensions, an analytic computations in asymptotic regimes (dielectric wall in the weak-coupling limit)or in particular cases (two-dimensional model at a special value of the temperature). With respect to approximated theories, we propose a scheme of successive approximations for computing the micro field distribution on the basis of a new systematic expansion. Furthermore we study density functional theories applied to the computation of interface density profiles; in particular we derive a new density functional expansion well appropriate for hard walls. For both problems (microfield and interfaces), we make unambiguous tests of the approximated theories by taking advantage of the exact results (analytic and Monte Carlo). The common axis of this work is a formulation starting from the first principles for the problems considered. This allows a better under standing of some fundamental mechanisms as well as a clear interpretation of the successes or failures of the approximated theories (with the possibility of including corrections)
Brault, Cédric. "Développement et mise en oeuvre d'un diagnostic d'imagerie ultra-rapide en magnétoplasma de laboratoire : application à la caractérisation du transport radial du plasma." Aix-Marseille 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX11041.
Full textCaubet-Hilloutou, Véronique. "Etude des mécanismes de la gravure isotrope sélective pour des dispositifs avancés de microélectronique." Orléans, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ORLE2067.
Full textMétral, Jérôme. "Modélisation et simulation numérique de l'écoulement d'un plasma atmosphérique pour l'étude de l'activité électrique des plasmas sur avion." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ECAP0868.
Full textA ionized gas (or plasma) has the ability of absorbing or reflecting electromagnetic (radar) waves if its ionization rate is high enough. This is particularly interesting for aeronautics. This study aims at predicting the electric and energetic characteristics of a weakly ionized air plasma in an atmospheric pressure flow. The plasma is described by a two-temperature model, coming from the non-equilibrium description of plasmas. Plasma flow is then described by a two-temperature hydrodynamic system coupled with a collisional model (energy exchanges rates) and a kinetic model (chemical reactions). An algorithm was built to simulate plasma flow in axisymetric geometry. The algorithm is a 2D Lagrange + Projection scheme. The projection step was adapted to multi-components advection, using a second order, non oscillating, and bidimensionnal scheme. This algorithm allows the simulation of experiments concerning atmospheric pressure plasma and then the validation of the model parameters. In a second part, we study the Perfectly Matched Layer (PML) which is a boundary condition to simulate wave propagation in open domains. This method is particularly efficient for electromagnetic problems, and we want to enlarge this approach to aeroacoutics problems (linearized Euler equations). We propose two solutions: a practical approach to avoid numerical oscillations of the solution and a more general approach which consists in a new absorbing layer formulation which leads to well-posed problems
Schreuders, Cornelis. "Synthèse par plasma inductif de particules nanométriques de silicium : optimisation de la trempe." Limoges, 2006. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/eaa5dec8-f4a4-4245-9423-2e6d8d1337a5/blobholder:0/2006LIMO0029.pdf.
Full textAn important step in the synthesis of nanoparticles by means of an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) process is quenching, which is the fast controlled cooling of the plasma gas. As quenching is influencing the temperature and velocity profiles, it is also affecting the particle size, size distribution, and phase composition of the product. In this work, the effect of several quench parameters, like nozzle number, nozzle diameter, quench gas flow rate, etc. , on the final particle size has been investigated both theoretically and experimentally. The influence of the quench and other process parameters (plate power, pressure, gas flow rates, …) on the plasma’s temperature and velocity profiles has been modelled using CFD and validated with experimental results. The particle size was modelled using a particle growth model and has been compared to results obtained from experiments with silicon. The effect of quenching on the product chemistry has been demonstrated for tungsten carbide
Panousis, Emmanouïl. "Réalisation et optimisation d'un réacteur plasma froid fonctionnant à pression atmosphérique : application aux traitements de surfaces." Pau, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PAUU3027.
Full textA dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) in Nitrogen at atmospheric pressure was the object of this work. The aim was primarily to gain insight to the physico-chemical mechanisms governing such a discharge and to also apply this configuration to the surface treatment of metals. Here, the surface treatment takes place in spatial afterglow conditions. The discharge products (active species in particular) are blown out of the inter-electrode space due to the special plasma reactors' geometry and the high gas flow. This enables the treatment of large areas and hollow objects and could easily be used in an industrial production line. The surfaces of Al-2024 and TiA6V4 metal alloys were treated during this work in an effort to render them compatible to applications involving adhesion. This work is thus composed of 3 main parts: - Numerical modeling of the DBD: results here obtained permit to qualitatively describe the discharge's electrodynamical behavior and estimate its yield in the production of active species. - Experimental study of the DBD and the afterglow: electrical diagnostic techniques were used in order to compare the two reactors studied. Optical diagnostics were then applied that helped identify the active species produced by the DBD and “follow” them in the flowing afterglow in two different configurations: the unguided and the quartz tube guided afterglow. The dominant physico-chemical mechanisms for the active species were thus identified for these conditions. - Application of the DBD in the treatment of metallic surfaces in afterglow conditions: By macroscopic and microscopic means of surface characterization it was observed that the DBD flowing afterglow were studied induces a cleaning of organic contaminants of the surface as well a possible partial de-oxidation
Eveillard, Ludovic. "Contribution à l'étude de faisabilité d'une expérience d'accélération d'électrons, par battement d'ondes lasers dans un plasma, à l'Ecole Polytechnique." Caen, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991CAEN2030.
Full textSalin, Gwenaël. "Etude des propriétés dynamiques d'un modèle simple de plasma : théorie et simulations numériques." Orléans, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ORLE2042.
Full textBrethes-Dupouey, Sylvie. "Dépollution plasma chimique en phase gazeuse : application à la destruction de l'hydrogène sulfuré." Pau, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PAUU3011.
Full textLeray, Gary. "PEGASES: Plasma Propulsion with Electronegative Gases." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005935.
Full textETEMADI, ROXANA. "Depot d'oxydes et de nitrures de silicium par double plasma microonde et radiofrequence : etude du plasma et des proprietes optiques et structurelles des couches deposees." Paris 11, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA112075.
Full textCaillard, Amaël. "Elaboration d’électrodes de pile à combustible par plasma." Orléans, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ORLE2056.
Full textNing, Ning. "Simulation atomistique des collisions entre des agrégats de silicium hydrogéné et leur dépôt sur un substrat de silicium cristallin dans un réacteur plasma." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EPXX0038.
Full textPlanche, Marie-Pierre. "Contribution à l'étude des fluctuations dans une torche à plasma. Application à la dynamique de l'arc et aux mesures de vitesse d'écoulement." Limoges, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIMO0041.
Full textFounoune, Mohamed. "Etude expérimentale et numérique des concentrations dans un plasma d'argon raréfie, partiellement ionise et réactif." Paris 7, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA07F004.
Full textTaupiac, Jean-Pierre. "Incinération de déchets nucléaires en plasma d'arc." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30213.
Full textVial, Vanessa. "Etudes physiques et paramétriques de propulseurs plasma pour applications spatiales." Orléans, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ORLE2061.
Full textMeige, Albert. "Simulations numériques de plasmas basse pression : applications aux doubles couches." Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30203.
Full textInductive plasmas are simulated by using a one-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation including Monte Carlo collision techniques (pic/mcc). To model inductive heating, a non-uniform radio-frequency (rf) electric field, perpendicular to the electron motion is included into the classical particle-in-cell scheme. The inductive plasma pic simulation is used to confirm recent experimental results that electric double layers can form in current-free plasmas. These results differ from previous experimental or simulation systems where the double layers are driven by a current or by imposed potential differences. The formation of a super-sonic ion beam, resulting from the ions accelerated through the potential drop of the double layer and predicted by the pic simulation is confirmed with nonperturbative laser-induced fluorescence measurements of ion flow. It is shown that at low pressure, where the electron mean free path is of the order of, or greater than the system length, the electron energy distribution function (eedf) is close to Maxwellian, except for its tail which is depleted at energies higher than the plasma potential. Evidence supporting that this depletion is mostly due to the high-energy electrons escaping to the walls is given. .
Meziani, Tarik. "Développement d'une source plasma haute-densité à couplage inductif améliorée par adjonction d'un noyau magnétique : application au dépôt de couches minces de carbone adamantin." Orléans, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ORLE2056.
Full textAvrillaud, Gilles. "Génération et transfert sous vide de hautes puissances pulsées : conception et mise en oeuvre d'un générateur à stockage inductif de 640 kJ d'énergie stockée, associé à un commutateur à ouverture de plasma contrôlé magnétiquement." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998EPXX0071.
Full textRebont, Cyril. "Etude d'une colonne de plasma magnétisé par fluorescence induite par laser." Aix-Marseille 1, 2010. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2010AIX11056.pdf.
Full textThe experimental study of linear magnetized plasmas was previously performed using Langmuir probes, spectroscopy or more recently fast imaging. In this thesis, another diagnotic, time resolved Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) , was implemented in the linear magnetoplasma device MISTRAL. This diagnostic provides the instantaneous Argon ion velocity distribution function. The MISTRAL device creates a linear magnetized plasma limited by a 10 cm circular aperture. We observe, for different experimental conditions, a radial rotation of an extension of the plasma outside the area bounded by the diaphragm. This extension has the form of one or two spiral "arms". From the distribution functions, the temporal fluctuations of density, velocity and electric field are calculated. These innovative measurements show that the ion motion is more complex than the expected ExB drift. The plasma does not rotate in block as has often been assumed. One has to notice that differences exist between the two observed modes, specially on the rotation frequency as compared to cyclotronic frequency. This work opens the path to new exciting theorical analysis
Caillault, Lise. "Etude expérimentale et modélisation d'un réflecteur à plasma dans l'hélium pour des applications radar." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002VERS0001.
Full textBillou, Eric. "Caracterisation énergetique et physico-chimie d'un plasma a superposition de puissance." Perpignan, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PERP0077.
Full textAbila, Paul-André. "Application de la spectroscopie moléculaire au diagnostic d'un plasma inductif d'argon." Lyon, INSA, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ISAL0074.
Full textLaassouli, Abdelmajid. "Traitement de fines métallurgiques dans un écoulement plasma." Perpignan, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PERP0086.
Full textArab, Zeinab. "Plasma based ion implantation and plasma hydrogenation of silicon for photovoltaics : influence on the electrical properties." Poitiers, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009POIT2263.
Full textCe rapport présente l'histoire et le statut du développement de l'industrie photovoltaïque aujourd'hui et dans l'avenir. Le matériel de base dans ce domaine est le silicium cristallin. Bien que c-Si ne soit pas le meilleur choix du point de vue de la physique d'état solide il domine encore le marché. Une partie importante de cette étude est consacrée à l'amélioration de la qualité du c-Si via la passivation par hydrogénation et l'implantation ionique par immersion plasma (PIII). Des expériences ont été effectuées afin de comparer le PIII avec la méthode conventionnelle d'implantation (implantation en ligne). Pour les expériences de PIII, les substrats utilisés étaient du silicium mono cristallin de type p d'orientation (100) avec une épaisseur d'environ 700 µm, une résistivité estimée entre 5 et 10 Ωcm et une concentration de dopant de 1015 cm-3, alors que pour les expériences d'hydrogénation nous avons utilisé des plaquettes de silicium multi cristallin de type p fabriquées par Photowat d'une épaisseur d’environ 300 µm, une résistivité de 1 à 2 Ωcm et une concentration de dopant de 1016 cm-3. L'implantation a été réalisée sous une pression de 2 Pa avec le débit d'hydrogène réglé à 20 sccm. Ensuite, le plasma a été crée à l'aide d'une puissance incidente de 700 W avec des impulsions de 20 kV d'une durée de 10 µs et une fréquence de 200 Hz. Différentes doses de 1015 à 2×1017 at. H/cm2 d'hydrogène ont été appliquées aux échantillons. Dans le cas de l'hydrogénation, la création du plasma est identique à celle du PIII mais avec différentes température (300°C-800°C) et pressions (2-12 Pa). Les résultats de la microscopie électronique en transmission révèlent la formation de différents types de défauts. Pour les doses assez base de 1015 à 1016 at. H/cm2 les modifications sont principalement des « platelets », des boucles de dislocations et des défauts interstitiels. Les doses plus élevées (1016 à 1017 at. H/cm2) permettent la formation des « platelets » d'orientation (100) ainsi que (111) et augmentent le nombre de dislocations et de microcavités qui favorisent la formation des claques (blistering et exfoliation). Cependant, les résultats de TEM ne montrent pas les importantes modifications microstructurales après hydrogénation. Les mesures de NRA ont été réalisées pour déterminer le profil d'hydrogène dans les échantillons implantés ainsi que dans les échantillons hydrogénés. La concentration d'hydrogène augmente avec l'augmentation de la dose d'implantation et peut acquérir jusqu'au 25 at. % (dose = 2×1017 at. H/cm2). Les mesures de NRA montrent que pour les échantillons hydrogénés à des températures relativement élevés la concentration d'hydrogène est faible. La concentration maximale d'hydrogène a été obtenue à partir d'un échantillon hydrogéné à 400°C-2 heures. La méthode de mesure de la durée de vie de Sinton a été utilisée lors de cette étude pour déterminer la durée de vie des porteurs dans le silicium multi cristallin. La passivation via hydrogénation est encore plus efficace à de basses températures (inférieur à 600°C) car sous les températures élevées l'exo-diffusion d'hydrogène sera plus prononcée et va influencer l'effet d'hydrogénation
Gerbaud, Thomas. "Étude de la microturbulence par réflectométrie dans un plasma de fusion sur le tokamak Tore-Supra." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NAN10086/document.
Full textFast-sweeping reflectometry in extraordinary mode allows direct measurement of radial wavenumber local spectra S(_n/n](kr, r), and radial profiles of density fluctuations, on Tore Supra tokamak. Wavelet-based approach – a mathematical tool for position-frequency analysis – made possible to consider the strong radial variation of the measured turbulence. Special consideration was given to the validation of spectra and turbulent profiles measurements, by comparing with experimental measurements (reflectometries, probes) and numerical non-linear gyrokinetic simulations. This density fluctuations measurement method has been used to analyse the local transport, by performing a dimensionless scaling on collisionnality, __. The scaling experiments allow direct comparisons of plasmas from different tokamaks. A clear decrease of the normalized confinement time of the plasma energy with the normalized collisionnality was observed : B_E _ __-0.5±0.15. These new measurements of density fluctuations profiles have shown an intense rise of the edge turbulence (r/a > 0.8) when increasing – also observed by Doppler reflectometry diagnostic – providing a physical explanation of the loss of confinement with the normalized collisionnality. More central regions did not present apparent variations (_n/n, _eff). Core plasma simulations (linear stability code KineZero and non-linear gyrokinetic GYRO) were performed, in order to analyse the experimental behaviour of the plasma
Sikilli, Ahmed Amin. "Contribution à l’étude des mécanismes d’interférences chimiques dans un plasma H. F. D'analyse." Lyon, INSA, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ISAL0089.
Full textInductively coupled argon plasmas used as radiation sources in atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) were considered as free of chemical interferences because of their high temperatures (over 7000 K) ; but in the case of chromium as the analyte, some anomalies have been pointed out : with the same concentration, the analytical signal is depending on the chemical form. This phenomenon was underlined with an ultrasonic nebulizer it depends on factors such as line energy, observation heigh, residence times. . . No similar effect was observed in a comparative study with a pneumatic nebulizer. On the other hand, aerosol evaporation by heating be fore its injection into the plasma causes, in the case of the ultrasonic nebulizer, the suppression of the effect : the phenomenon is linked to the physical state of the sample when it reaches the plasma. In the case of pneumatic nebulization, the uncertain nature of the phenomenon could be explained by the nebulizer efficiency with a low efficiency nebulizer, aerosols may be spontaneously desolvated if the saturation vapour pressure is not reached at room temperature. In conclusion, providing analysis installations with a preliminary evaporation system is an efficient means to minimize the phenomenons due to the element speciation
Salazar, Luigui. "Data-driven discovery approach to tackle turbulence in fusion plasmas." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LORR0327.
Full textOne way to achieve fusion on Earth is through toroidal magnetic confinement, in which the main devices are tokamaks and stellarators. One of the main limiting phenomena is turbulence. This is the result of a mixture of instabilities on different temporal and spatial scales. The aim of this thesis was to contribute to the understanding of turbulent transport, which is the interaction of this turbulence with the plasma properties, in magnetically confined plasmas, focusing on the characterisation of density fluctuations and their dynamics using reflectometry. From the signal spectrum provided by reflectometry, each spectral component was extracted using an algorithm developed in this thesis. It performs this spectral decomposition(Low frequency component, Broadband component, QC modes and noise) in an intelligent way (without ad hoc constraints), preserving its statistical and physical information. Particular attention has been paid to a spectral component, the so-called QC modes because of its link with TEM, an instability acting in turbulent transport. Thanks to the algorithm, the properties and dynamics of the QC modes have been studied, allowing a statistical study and a detailed analysis of the interaction with other spectral components in different magnetic configurations: ToreSupra(limiter), WEST(divertor) and W7X(island divertor). This work is qualified as exploratory because there were no methods to access these QC mode properties and dynamicsThe statistical studies carried out with the ToreSupra and WEST database provided a probability map of the occurrence of the QC modes in the ohmic confinement regime, confirming their link with the TEM,but also 2 more classes, one at low current and another at high current were found. The broadband component was also analysed as it is believed to be related to the microturbulence. Since the spectral amplitude of the BB component is found with the AGG, mainly μ and β, which correspond to the assymetry and shape of the spectrum, show a variation during the transition. On the other hand, the analysis of the dynamics of the QC modes by means of an algorithm developed in this thesis showed a recurrent interaction between the QC modes and the modes in the LF component. Finally, in order to better discriminate the QC modes, the concept of transfer entropy is used to analyse the causality in this interaction. Some cases shows the interaction between the LF component corresponding to the sawtooth instability and the QC modes. All this analysis of dynamics and also causality is then applied to ToreSupra, WEST and W7X, where there is a similar dynamic for signals with bi-directional causality, i.e. not only from the LF component to the QC modes, but also from the QC modes to the BB component. In addition, the ECRH is also examined for the TS database, which shows a decrease in the probability of QC modes as the PECRH increases. Since these QC modes appear in different magnetic configurations, the ultimate objective is to discover if all these QC modes are produced by the same mechanism, since it is believed that there must be a universal mechanism underlying the physics in fusion plasmas, this is still under investigation
Guyomarc'h, Didier. "Un tube à onde progressive pour l'étude de la turbulence plasma." Aix-Marseille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX11040.
Full textMaurice, Sylvestre. "Le plasma à l'équilibre dans les magnétosphères planétaires en rotation rapide." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30016.
Full textLallement, Ludovic. "Gravure en plasmas denses fluorés de verres de silice pour l'élaboration de dispositifs microfluidiques : étude expérimentale et modélisation." Nantes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NANT2112.
Full textThe aim of this work is to characterize in detail fluorinated plasmas as CHF3/Ar, CF4/Ar and especially plasmas SF6/Ar and their interaction with silica glasses during an etching process devoted to microfluidic devices fabrication. First of all, we studied the electrical properties and the plasma kinetics by adopting an approach combining experiment and modeling. Thus, plasma diagnostics by mass spectrometry, Langmuir probes, optical emission spectroscopy were carried out. In parallel with this experimental study, we developed a global kinetic model to quantify the densities of neutral and charged species and the density and the electron temperature in various conditions of SF6/Ar discharge. The model results were validated with experimental results. Then etch rate and roughness measurements as well as surface analysis (XPS, AFM, SEM) were carried out after etching in SF6/Ar and CHF3/Ar plasmas. We show that decreasing the pressure and increasing the percentage of argon improve etching by increasing the etch rate of silica glass containing the most metal oxides and reducing surface roughness. Implementation for trench etching is successfully tested. Finally, the multi-scale modeling of plasma-surface interaction shows that the etch rate depends on the percentage of metal content in the glasses and the sputtering yield of metal sites. The roughness is due to the redeposition of metal species on the surface of the glass
Chérigier-Kovacic, Laurence. "Mise au point d'un diagnostic de fluorescence induite par laser et application à l'étude d'un plasma d'argon multipolaire." Aix-Marseille 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX11016.
Full textDoudou, Cyril. "Contribution à une approche globale du traitement de poudres par plasma d'induction." Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO19010.
Full textSelig, Gaël. "Équilibre évolutif à frontière libre et diffusion résistive dans un plasma de tokamak." Nice, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NICE4075.
Full textIn a Tokamak, in order to create the necessary conditions for nuclear fusion to occur, a plasma is maintained by applying magnetic fields. Under the hypothesis of an axial symmetry of the tokamak, the study of the magnetic configuration at equilibrium is done in two dimensions, and is deduced from the poloidal flux function ψ. This function is solution of a non linear partial differential equation system, known as equilibrium problem. This thesis presents the time dependent free boundary equilibrium problem, where the circuit equations in the tokamak’s coils and passive conductors are solved together with the Grad-Shafranov equation to produce a dynamic simulation of the plasma. In this framework, the Finite Element equilibrium code CEDRES++ has been improved in order to solve the aforementioned dynamic problem. Consistency tests and comparisons with the DINA-CH code on an ITER’s vertical instability case have validated the results. Then, the resistive diffusion of the plasma’s current density has been simulated using a coupling between CEDRES++ and the averaged one-dimensional diffusion equation, and it has been successfully compared with the integrated modeling code CRONOS
Villegas, Daniel. "Etude expérimentale de l'influence du gradient de température électronique sur le transport turbulent des impuretés dans un plasma de fusion." Aix-Marseille 1, 2010. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2010AIX11055.pdf.
Full textUnderstanding impurity transport is a key to an optimal regime for a future fusion device. In this thesis, the theoretical and experimental influence of the electron temperature gradient R/LTe on heavy impurity transport is analyzed both in Tore Supra and ASDEX Upgrade. The electron temperature profile is modified locally by heating the plasma with little ECRH power deposited at two different radii. Experimental results have been obtained with the impurity transport code (ITC) which has been completed with a genetic algorithm allowing to determine the transport coefficient profiles with more accuracy. Transport coefficient profiles obtained by a quasilinear gyrokinetic code named QuaLiKiz are consistent with the experimental ones despite experimental uncertainties on gradients. In the core dominated by electron modes, the lower R/LTe the lower the nickel diffusion coefficient. The latter tends linearly to the neoclassical level when the instability threshold is approached. The experimental threshold is in agreement with the one computed by QuaLiKiz. Further out, where the plasma is dominated by ITG, which are independent of R/LTe , both experimental and simulated results show no modification in the diffusion coefficient profile. Furthermore, the convection velocity profile is not modified. This is attributed to a very small contribution of the thermodiffusion (1/Z dependence) in the total convection. On ASDEX, the preliminary results, very different from the Tore Supra ones, show a internal transport barrier for impurities located at the same radius as the strong ECRH power deposit
Chuvatin, Alexander. "Étude des phases de conduction et d'ouverture d'un commutateur à plasma." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993EPXX0019.
Full textDarmet, Guillaume. "Transport cinétique dans un plasma de fusion magnétique à flux force." Lyon, École normale supérieure (sciences), 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ENSL0424.
Full textGirold, Christophe. "Incinération : Vitrification de déchets radioactifs et combustion de gaz de pyrolyse en plasma d'arc." Limoges, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIMO0024.
Full textBret, Antoine. "Ralentissement d'agrégats chargés par les électrons libres d'un plasma." Paris 11, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA112482.
Full textThe purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of vicinity in the slowing down of an aggregate in a free electron gas at any temperature. We first introduce the linear response formalism used for the problem. We then determine the distances for point-like and separated behavior, as well as some analytical expressions for the stopping power in various limits of temperature and velocity. This formalism is then applied to calculate the stopping of a di-cluster, an extended ion, a C60 molecule, and finally an N-ions chain. We then examine vicinity effects on the energy dispersion and establish a simple model for the deformation of an ion ring crossing the plasma vacuum interface. Finally, the stopping power is studied for an electron gas confined in a plane. After having calculated the dielectric constant at any temperature in the Random Phase Approximation, we calculate the stopping power such a gas
Iya-Sou, Djakaou. "Elimination de solutés organiques polluants d'effluents liquides par plasma non thermique : comparaison des processus mis en jeu à l'interface liquide-plasma dans les procédés Glidarc et DBD." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066213.
Full textThe role of oxidant species created in the gas phase has been investigated in two non-thermal plasma processes applied for the water treatment: Gliding Arc and falling film Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) processes. Three different model organic pollutants have been treated in the two discharge reactors. The obtained results, from easier to more difficult to remove, are as follows: phenol>> Heptanol> pCBA> for the Glidarc reactor and 1-Heptanol >> Phenol> pCBA for DBD falling film reactor. The differences between the two reactors are not only due to the quality and quantity of active species generated in each case but also to the mass transfer at the gas-liquid interface. The removal mechanisms also differ depending on the characteristics of the pollutant treated. Phenol reacts strongly with °NO2 radicals produced by the dissociation of N2O4 in the liquid phase. For 1-Heptanol, the degradation is proceeded by desorption assisted by the gas phase reactions with the short-lived species. For this type of pollutant, the DBD reactor is the most competitive, partly due to the efficient mass transfer owing to the convective movements generated in the liquid by the discharge. In the case of pCBA, the removal rate is weak in the two processes because of the insufficient production of OH° radicals in the solution. Finally, a numerical simulation allowed us to validate the proposed elimination mechanisms