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Journal articles on the topic 'Plasma heating in steelmaking'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 8 February 2022

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1

Zhao, Mengjing, Yong Wang, Shufeng Yang, Maolin Ye, Jingshe Li, and Yuhang Liu. "Flow Field and Temperature Field in a Four-Strand Tundish Heated by Plasma." Metals 11, no. 5 (April 28, 2021): 722. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11050722.

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Tundish plasma heating is an effective method for achieving steady casting with low superheat and constant temperature. In order to study the flow field, temperature field in tundish heated by plasma, a three-dimensional transient mathematical model was established in the present work. A four-strand T-type tundish in a steelmaking plant was used to explore the changes in the flow field and temperature field of molten steel in the tundish under different plasma heating powers. The results showed that plasma heating affected the flow state of molten steel. It could eliminate the short-circuit flow at outlet. When the plasma heating was 500 kW, the molten steel had an obvious upward flow. The turbulence intensity was improved and distributed evenly with an increase in plasma heating power. In the prototype tundish, the temperature of the outlet was dropped by nearly 2–3 K within 300 s. With the increase of plasma heating power, the low temperature area in the tundish gradually was decreased. When the heating power was 1000 kW, the temperature difference of two outlets was 0.5 K and the overall temperature distribution was more uniform. The research results have a certain guiding significance for the selection of the actual plasma heating power on site.

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2

Protasov, A. V., B. A. Sivak, and L. A. Smirnov. "A review of domestic and foreign experience of steel treatment in CCM tundishes." Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information 76, no. 12 (December 23, 2020): 1230–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2020-12-1230-1242.

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The modern steelmaking facilities melt as a rule a semi product, which is further subjected to various processes of refining in steel ladle. Recently an additional treatment of the metal in CCM tundish became widespread in the domestic and foreign practice. A tendency of transforming tundish into a multifunctional metallurgical reactor was noted, since more and more technological operations are transferred in it, including alloying, stirring, various methods of heating, modifying and removal of nonmetallic inclusions. Examples of comprehensive utilization of a bloom CCM tundish at some Japanese plants of Kobe Steel in Kakagava presnted, at which the metal is filtered when going through holes in the two partitions thus effectively removing nonmetallic inclusions. New variants of metal blowing off in the tundish by inert gas developed by domestic specialists considered, including a technology for metal blowing off by an inert gas and a facility for the inert gas supply through the stopper of the tundish. Supply of inert gas through the stopper results in efficiency increasing of degassing and nonmetallic inclusions removal as well as submerged nuzzles service time increase, which is particularly important at casting of steels with high content of aluminum. Examples of solutions of metal treatment in tundish by cored and aluminum wire given. Schemes of cored wire introduction into tundish and liquid steel treatment in a CCM mold considered. Considerable attention was given to the problem of metal temperature control in tundish, including by an electric arc, induction and plasma heating. List of domestic and foreign plants presented, implemented facilities of steel plasma heating in the CCM tundish. It was noted, that steel chemical heating in tundish can be applied at unforeseen problems arising at casting.

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3

Zyryanov, V. V., O. N. Nikolaev, and G. N. Fedorenko. "Improving the efficiency of heating in steelmaking and rolling." Metallurgist 44, no. 2 (February 2000): 71–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02463534.

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4

Nishioka, Koki, Takayuki Maeda, and Masakata Shimizu. "Dezincing Behavior from Iron and Steelmaking Dusts by Microwave Heating." ISIJ International 42, Suppl (2002): S19—S22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.42.suppl_s19.

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5

Dildin, A. N., and I. V. Chumanov. "Liquid-Phase Recovery of the Metallurgical Slag Using Induction Heating Installation." Materials Science Forum 870 (September 2016): 535–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.870.535.

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Processing of dump slag steelmaking to extract a metal component should include the stage high-temperature recovery oxide components. The efficiency of the recovery phase depends on both temperature conditions and the composition slag, and introduced additions. The exploration of the possibility and feasibility of the liquid-phase restoration for steelmaking waste slag of the Zlatoust Metallurgical Plant applying the induction heat installation is the aim of this study. Application of induction heating was tested by laboratory research for implementation of the process of the liquid-phase metal restoration from various structure dump slags of the steel-smelting production. The parameters of the reconstruction process corresponding to the maximum extraction of a metal component from the waste slag have been identified. The design of industrial induction plant for liquid slag processing with a separate periodic metal release and a depleted slag melt was developed.

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6

Chen, Jun, An Lin Li, Yong Chen, Xin Teng Liang, and Jian Hua Zeng. "Optimization of Steelmaking Process for 200t Converter." Advanced Materials Research 581-582 (October 2012): 1180–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.581-582.1180.

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To solve the problems appeared in the initial operation period of 200t BOF such as low heating velocity, high TFe content in final slag, severe lining erosion, etc, optimization of steelmaking process is carried out. Metallurgical effects are greatly improved after optimization: slag-forming time is shortened by 0.9min; oxygen consumption is lowered by 1.5 m3 per ton steel; carbon content of aimed molten iron is increased by 0.031% while oxygen activity of which is decreased by 206ppm. TFe content of BOF slag is reduced by 0.84% on average.

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7

Makarov, A. N., Yu A. Lugovoi, and R. M. Zuikov. "Energy saving for steelmaking in plasma-arc furnaces." Russian Metallurgy (Metally) 2011, no. 6 (June 2011): 526–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0036029511060152.

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8

Kuznetsov, V. M. "Conversion of arc steelmaking furnaces into plasma furnaces." Metallurgist 32, no. 8 (August 1988): 266–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00741528.

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9

Okorokov, G. N., A. I. Donets, A. Z. Shevtsov, V. A. Sinel’nikov, P. I. Yugov, B. F. Zin’ko, M. M. Krutyanskii, and A. M. Popov. "A heating tundish — The final link in a continuous steelmaking technology." Metallurgist 42, no. 1 (January 1998): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02765047.

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10

Sunaga, Yoshio. "Heating by Plasma." Kakuyūgō kenkyū 67, no. 3 (1992): 215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1585/jspf1958.67.215.

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11

Spirin, V. A., V. E. Nikol’skii, D. V. Vokhmintsev, A. A. Moiseev, P. G. Smirnov, and A. G. Platashov. "Drying and heating of scrap metal at steelmaking: industrial safety, economics, ecology." Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information 76, no. 12 (December 23, 2020): 1353–258. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2020-12-1253-1258.

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At steel production based on scrap metal utilization, the scrap heating before charging into a melting facility is an important way of energy efficiency increase and ecological parameters improving. In winter time scrap metal charging with ice inclusions into a metal melt can result in a considerable damage of equipment and even accidents. Therefore, scrap preliminary drying is necessary to provide industrial safety. It was shown, that in countries with warm and low-snow climate with no risk of scrap metal icing up during its transportation and storing in the open air, the basic task being solved at the scrap drying is an increase of energy efficiency of steelmaking. InRussiathe scrap metal drying first of all provides the safety of the process and next - energy saving. Existing technologies of scrap metal drying and heating considered, as well as advantages and drawbacks of technical solutions used at Russian steel plants. In winter time during scrap metal heating at conveyers (Consteel process) hot gases penetrate not effectively into its mass, the heat is not enough for evaporation of wetness in the metal charge. At scrap heating by the furnace gases, a problem of dioxines emissions elimination arises. Application of shaft heaters results in high efficiency of scrap heating. However, under conditions of Russian winter the upper scrap layers are not always heated higher 0 °С and after getting into a furnace bath the upper scrap layers cause periodical vapor explosions. The shaft heaters create optimal conditions for dioxines formation, which emit into atmosphere. It was shown, that accounting Russian economic and nature conditions, the metal charge drying and heating in modified charging buckets by the heat of burnt natural gas or other additional fuel is optimal. The proposed technical solution enables to burnt off organic impurities ecologically safely, to melt down ice, to evaporate the wetness in the scrap as well as to heat the charge as enough as the charging logistics enables it. The method was implemented at several Russian steel plants. Technical and economical indices of scrap metal drying in buckets under conditions of EAF-based shop, containing two furnaces ДСП-100, presented.

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12

Peng, Ji, Mo-tang Tang, Bing Peng, Di Yu, J. A. Kozinski, and Chao-bo Tang. "Heating and melting mechanism of stainless steelmaking dust pellet in liquid slag." Journal of Central South University of Technology 14, no. 1 (January 2007): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11771-007-0007-2.

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13

Van Dao, Lap, and Peter Hannaford. "Nanophotonics for plasma heating." Nature Photonics 7, no. 10 (September 27, 2013): 771–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2013.250.

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14

Kugel, H. W., D. Spong, R. Majeski, and M. Zarnstorff. "NCSX Plasma Heating Methods." Fusion Science and Technology 51, no. 2 (February 2007): 203–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/fst07-a1299.

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15

Zaytsev, V. V. "Coronal plasma heating problem." Geomagnetism and Aeronomy 51, no. 8 (December 2011): 1024–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0016793211080317.

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16

Freeman, R. L. "High-Frequency Plasma Heating." Fusion Technology 28, no. 4 (November 1995): 1767–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/fst95-a30441.

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17

Ainsworth, A., H. Altmann, R. J. Anderson, J. Arbez, D. Bartlett, W. Bailey, K. Behringer, et al. "Plasma heating in JET." Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion 28, no. 9A (September 1, 1986): 1211–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/28/9a/002.

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18

Freije, S. A. "FPD Plasma Heating Systems." Fusion Technology 8, no. 1P2B (July 1985): 1722–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/fst85-a40009.

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19

Siwka, J., A. G. Svjażin, J. Jowsa, and W. Derda. "HNS Steelmaking Process Using Thermal Plasma in a Ceramic Crucible." Materials Science Forum 318-320 (October 1999): 359–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.318-320.359.

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20

Jones, R. "Plasma Heating with Electrically Biased Plasma Guns." Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science (1903-) 97, no. 3/4 (October 1994): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3627782.

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21

Antonov, A. N., V. A. Buts, A. G. Zagorodny, E. A. Kornilov, V. G. Svichensky, and D. V. Tarasov. "Stochastic Heating of Plasma in Plasma Cavity." Физические основы приборостроения 3, no. 3 (September 15, 2014): 72–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.25210/jfop-1403-072085.

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22

Biryukov, A. B., S. M. Saf’yants, P. A. Gnitiev, and V. A. Shatovich. "Modern technologies for preheating scrap before charging it into electric arc steelmaking furnace." Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information 77, no. 7 (August 1, 2021): 782–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2021-7-782-790.

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There are a number of technical solutions to utilize the waste gases of electric arc furnaces (EAF) for scrap preheating thus returning back the heat into the technological process. The waste gases can be utilized also for steam or hot water production. The preliminary scrap heating before charging it into EAF is more perspective. Technical features of various types scrap heaters considered, including conveyer and shaft scrap heating technologies with continuous (Contiarc, Consteel, Comelt, BBC-Brusa) and periodic charging (Fuchs Systemtechnik, COSS, backet). It was shown that application of scrap heaters for EAF ensures saving of electric energy, increase of metal yield, decrease of dust and gases level in the shop, decrease of negative impact on environment. The disadvantages include frequent and costly repairs of the facilities, impossibility to control some factors having effect on the process of scrap heating. It was shown that when designing new EAFs with a charge exceeding 100 t, horizontal facilities are more preferrable, while for EAFs of small volumes shaft heaters suit better. At EAF modernizing it is recommended to use shaft heaters and backet-thermos, since it is easier to construct a vertical furnace than a horizontal one with minimal length of 100 m. It was noted that horizontal heaters operate better in terms of technology, since ensure continuous charging by scrap, but at that occupy a considerable space in the shop. When comparing vertical heaters and backet by all the characteristics including heat-engineering and designingones, vertical shaft heaters prevail.

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23

Zin'ko, B. F., P. I. Yugov, and L. A. Baeva. "Technological principles behind making the heating of steelmaking baths more efficient and reducing pollution." Metallurgist 40, no. 9 (September 1996): 156–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02335474.

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24

Pospieszalska, M. K., and R. E. Johnson. "Plasma heating of Io's atmosphere." Geophysical Research Letters 19, no. 9 (May 4, 1992): 949–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/92gl00397.

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25

Alberti, Stefano. "Plasma heating with millimetre waves." Nature Physics 3, no. 6 (June 2007): 376–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nphys637.

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26

El-Naas, M. H., R. J. Munz, J. Rossi, and A. Y. Zekri. "Plasma Heating of Carbonate Formations." Petroleum Science and Technology 25, no. 9 (October 3, 2007): 1143–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10916460500527021.

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27

Renieri, A. "Plasma heating by FEL devices." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 304, no. 1-3 (July 1991): 804–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(91)90981-u.

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28

Soni, Kirtan N. "Hydrogen Plasma Smelting Reduction: An Option for Steelmaking In The Future." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology V, no. IX (September 30, 2017): 839–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2017.9124.

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29

Izumi, Kikuma, Takayuki Yamamoto, and Youichi Nakanishi. "Special Issue: Steelmaking. Productivity and Specific Power Consumption in Electric Heating Model of Arc Furnace." DENKI-SEIKO[ELECTRIC FURNACE STEEL] 66, no. 1 (1995): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4262/denkiseiko.66.60.

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30

Kim, S. S., C. S. Chang, N. S. Yoon, and Ki-Woong Whang. "Inductively coupled plasma heating in a weakly magnetized plasma." Physics of Plasmas 6, no. 7 (July 1999): 2926–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.873250.

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31

Suzuki, Toshio, Tomoki Shibata, Hiroshi Mori, Naoki Tanahashi, and Yoshimasa Akatsuka. "Steelmaking and Recycling. Recycle of Magnesia-chromia Waste Bricks by Plasma Treatment." DENKI-SEIKO[ELECTRIC FURNACE STEEL] 72, no. 1 (2001): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4262/denkiseiko.72.55.

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32

Sato, Y., K. Ijima, A. Shibayama, and R. Inoue. "Formation of hexavalent chromium in Cr-containing steelmaking slag." Archives of Materials Science and Engineering 1, no. 94 (November 1, 2018): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.7802.

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Purpose: In present work, the mineral phases in chromium-containing slags were identified, and the formation mechanisms of Cr(VI) in Cr2O3-containing mineral phases were discussed. Design/methodology/approach: In steelmaking slag containing chromium, chromium is mainly present as spinel phases such as MgCr2O4 and (Mg,Fe)Cr2O4. When these Cr(III) oxides are oxidized to Cr(VI) oxide, the Cr(VI) is easily eluted from the slag due to its high solubility in water. Findings: The Cr (VI) adversely affects the human health and the environment. In this study, the influence of cooling rate, quenching temperature and oxidation/reduction condition during cooling on the Cr(VI) amount eluted from synthesized MgCr2O4, (Mg,Fe)Cr2O4 and CaCr2O4 were investigated. Research limitations/implications: The formation of Cr(VI) oxide in MgCr2O4 and CaCr2O4 compounds during heating under air was considered to be indispensable. The amounts of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) dissolved from MgCr2O4 were smaller than those from CaCr2O4. Since the formation of CrO3 in MgCr2O4 started at around 1400 K during cooling, slag should be cooled rapidly from the high temperature above 1400 K, or cooled in inert atmosphere in order to minimize Cr(VI) formation. FeO in (Mg,Fe)Cr2O4 solid solution suppressed Cr(VI), Cr(III) and Mg elution. Originality/value: The development of prevention method of Cr(VI) formation in the slags containing chromium is urgent in order to utilize the slags to land-fill and civil engineering works.

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33

Fonseca, A. L. A., O. A. C. Nunes, and F. R. F. Aragão. "Plasma heating by two laser fields." Physical Review A 38, no. 9 (November 1, 1988): 4732–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.38.4732.

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34

Moiseenko, V. E. "ICRF Plasma Heating in Axisymmetric Mirrors." Fusion Technology 35, no. 1T (January 1999): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/fst99-a11963824.

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35

Joye, B., J. B. Lister, J. M. Moret, A. Pochelon, and C. W. Simm. "Dynamical plasma response to additional heating." Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion 30, no. 6 (June 1, 1988): 743–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/30/6/007.

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36

Shapiro, V. D., V. I. Shevchenko, V. I. Sotnikov, V. Fiala, and P. Triska. "Plasma heating near a VLF antenna." Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion 32, no. 3 (March 1, 1990): 221–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/32/3/007.

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37

Koch, R. "Plasma Heating by Neutral Beam Injection." Fusion Science and Technology 45, no. 2T (March 2004): 183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/fst04-a482.

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38

Koch, R. "Plasma Heating by Neutral Beam Injection." Fusion Science and Technology 49, no. 2T (February 2006): 167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/fst06-a1116.

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39

Angeli, E., M. Frignani, S. Mannucci, F. Rocchi, M. Sumini, and A. Tartari. "The heating of plasma focus electrodes." Plasma Sources Science and Technology 15, no. 1 (January 16, 2006): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0963-0252/15/1/014.

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40

BINGHAM, R., P. K. SHUKLA, B. ELIASSON, and L. STENFLO. "Solar coronal heating by plasma waves." Journal of Plasma Physics 76, no. 2 (June 16, 2009): 135–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377809990031.

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AbstractThe solar coronal plasma is maintained at temperatures of millions of degrees, much hotter than the photosphere, which is at a temperature of just 6000 K. In this paper, the plasma particle heating based on the kinetic theory of wave–particle interactions involving kinetic Alfvén waves and lower-hybrid drift modes is presented. The solar coronal plasma is collisionless and therefore the heating must rely on turbulent wave heating models, such as lower-hybrid drift models at reconnection sites or the kinetic Alfvén waves. These turbulent wave modes are created by a variety of instabilities driven from below. The transition region at altitudes of about 2000 km is an important boundary chromosphere, since it separates the collision-dominated photosphere/chromosphere and the collisionless corona. The collisionless plasma of the corona is ideal for supporting kinetic wave–plasma interactions. Wave–particle interactions lead to anisotropic non-Maxwellian plasma distribution functions, which may be investigated by using spectral analysis procedures being developed at the present time.

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41

Ohi, Shoichi. "Confinement and Heating of FRC Plasma." Fusion Technology 27, no. 3T (April 1995): 349–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/fst95-a11947103.

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42

Shen Wu-Lin, Ma Zhi-Bin, Tan Bi-Song, Wu Jun, and Wang Jian-Hua. "Magnetoelectric heating in the ECR plasma." Acta Physica Sinica 60, no. 10 (2011): 105204. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.60.105204.

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43

Rambo, P. W. "Numerical Heating in Hybrid Plasma Simulations." Journal of Computational Physics 133, no. 1 (May 1997): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jcph.1997.5678.

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44

Rajaei, L., S. Miraboutalebi, and B. Shokri. "Plasmon Mechanism of Overdense Plasma Heating." Contributions to Plasma Physics 55, no. 4 (April 2015): 321–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ctpp.201400058.

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45

Koch, R. "Plasma Heating by Neutral Beam Injection." Fusion Technology 37, no. 2T (March 2000): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/fst00-a11963208.

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46

Chen, X. "Particle heating in a thermal plasma." Pure and Applied Chemistry 60, no. 5 (January 1, 1988): 651–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac198860050651.

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47

Kats, Ya L., M. V. Krasnyanskii, D. I. Yusupov, A. S. Tyuftyaev, M. Kh Gadzhiev, and M. A. Khromov. "Plasma Heating of Periclase–Carbon Refractory." Russian Metallurgy (Metally) 2019, no. 6 (June 2019): 590–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0036029519060120.

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48

Miley, George H. "Preface: Plasma Heating and Current Drive." Fusion Technology 7, no. 2 (March 1985): 215–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/fst85-a24539.

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49

Freije, S. A., and R. S. Carson. "Plasma Heating Systems Module for TMRSC." Fusion Technology 8, no. 1P2B (July 1985): 1774–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/fst85-a40018.

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50

Song, Shi-Xue, Zhi Wang, and Guo-Pu Shi. "Heating mechanism of spark plasma sintering." Ceramics International 39, no. 2 (March 2013): 1393–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2012.07.080.

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