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Journal articles on the topic 'Plasma (Physik)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 13 February 2022

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1

von Geramb, H. V., H. Lesch, R. Schlickeiser, K. Samwer, K. Urban, Carsten Schönfeld, and Lothar Schäfer. "Tagungsberichte: Inversion in Theorie und Anwendung/Plasma-Astrophysik/Unterkühlte Metallschmelzen heiß diskutiert/DPG-Schule für Physik „Polymerphysik”︁." Physik Journal 49, no. 9 (September 1993): 819–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/phbl.19930490919.

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2

Engel, J., R. H. Giese, R. Kippenhahn, J. Montvay, S. Großmann, and G. Hellbardt. "Gierer: Die Physik, das Leben und die Seele/Kund: Die Physik des Sonnensystems und der Kometen/Boslough: Jenseits des Ereignishorizonts/Müller: The Physics of the Quark-Gluon Plasma/Bai-Lin: Chaos/Von Baader: Neues System der fortschaffenden Mechanik/." Physik Journal 42, no. 6 (June 1986): 167–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/phbl.19860420609.

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3

Tabares, Francisco L., and Ita Junkar. "Cold Plasma Systems and Their Application in Surface Treatments for Medicine." Molecules 26, no. 7 (March 28, 2021): 1903. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26071903.

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In this paper, a review of cold plasma setups and the physical and chemical processes leading to the generation of active species is presented. The emphasis is given to the interaction of cold plasmas with materials used in medical applications, especially medical implants as well as live cells. An overview of the different kinds of plasmas and techniques used for generation of active species, which significantly alter the surface properties of biomaterials is presented. The elemental processes responsible for the observed changes in the physio-chemical properties of surfaces when exposed to plasma are described. Examples of ongoing research in the field are given to illustrate the state-of-the-art at the more conceptual level.

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4

Yang, Dong-Hwan, Gwang-Min Heo, Hong-Ju Park, Hee-Kyun Oh, and Min-Suk Kook. "Comparative Effectiveness of Surface Functionalized Poly-ε-Caprolactone Scaffold and β-TCP Mixed PCL Scaffold for Bone Regeneration." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 20, no. 9 (September 1, 2020): 5349–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2020.17672.

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Physio-chemical surface properties to biomaterial has been attention in tissue engineering due to their properties on cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. The object of this study is to evaluate the preosteoblast biological response on physio-chemical surface-layered 3D PCL scaffold and 3D PCL/β-TCP scaffold. 3D scaffolds were fabricated by FDM 3D printing. Physio-chemical surface of 3D scaffolds were prepared by oxygen plasma and amine plasma-polymerization, respectively. The results of this study demonstrated that amine plasma-treated 3D scaffold on adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of the MC3T3-E1 was significantly increased compared to the other scaffolds.

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5

Kraeft, W. D. "W. Ebeling, A. Förster, V. E. Fortov, V. K. Gryaznov, A. Ya. Polishchuk, Thermophysical Properties of Hot Dense Plasma, Teubner-Texte zur Physik, Band 25. 315 Seiten, Kart. DM 48,-. B. G. Teubner Verlagsgesellschaft Stuttgart, Leipzig 1991." Contributions to Plasma Physics 32, no. 6 (1992): 649. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ctpp.2150320607.

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6

yu, Hai Bo, Li Feng Ding, Ren Fei Wang, and Liu Lian. "The Research Progress of Nitric Oxides Controlling Technology." Advanced Materials Research 955-959 (June 2014): 2481–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.2481.

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Because of the special physic-chemical characters of the nitric oxides, controlling of the nitric oxides which shaped during combustion is a complex technology. In this paper, the advance in emission controlling technology of nitric oxide has been reviewed.Selective catalytic reaction of the nitric oxide(SCR) and plasma process in denitration of flue gas are emphasized.

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7

Keller, John H. "Inductive plasmas for plasma processing." Plasma Sources Science and Technology 5, no. 2 (May 1, 1996): 166–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0963-0252/5/2/008.

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8

Patel, Binal R., MT Panchal, AJ Dhami, NP Sarvaiya, and MM Pathan. "Comparative Plasma Endocrine, Metabolic and Mineral Profile of Cyclic, Acyclic, Endometritic and Pregnant Buffaloes." INDIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCES AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 15, no. 04 (April 30, 2020): 12–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21887/ijvsbt.15.4.2.

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Circulating concentrations of hormones, metabolites, and minerals reflect the physio-pathological status of reproduction in animals. This study was carried out on infertile (anestrus, endometritic), normal healthy cyclic and pregnant buffaloes to evaluate the comparative plasma progesterone (P4) and estrogen (E2) hormones, plasma total protein, total cholesterol, calcium, and phosphorus profile. The study showed higher mean plasma E2 and lower P4 levels in the follicular phase of estrous cycle in buffaloes. Significantly (p less than 0.05) higher mean plasma P4 level and lower E2 levels were recorded during the luteal phase and in endometritic and pregnant buffaloes. Total plasma protein concentration was non-significantly higher in normal cyclic than acyclic and endometritic buffaloes. It was also comparatively lower in buffalo with 9 months of pregnancy than 3 and 6 months of pregnancy. The mean plasma total cholesterol level was significantly (p less than 0.05) higher in pregnant than acyclic and endometritic buffaloes. Cyclic buffaloes had significantly (p less than 0.05) higher mean plasma calcium levels than acyclic buffaloes. Plasma phosphorus concentration, however, did not show any significant difference between different stages of the reproductive cycle.

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9

Tryggvason, Karl, and Jorma Wartiovaara. "How Does the Kidney Filter Plasma?" Physiology 20, no. 2 (April 2005): 96–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiol.00045.2004.

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The kidneys filter the plasma in special filtration units—glomeruli—and thereby excrete low-molecular-weight waste products into the urine. The mechanisms of glomerular filtration have been a matter of controversy for several decades, but recent data have revealed new details about the molecular nature of the filter and have demonstrated a central role for the podocyte slit diaphragm in the filtration process.

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10

Apaja, Pirjo M., and Gergely L. Lukacs. "Protein Homeostasis at the Plasma Membrane." Physiology 29, no. 4 (July 2014): 265–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiol.00058.2013.

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The plasma membrane (PM) and endocytic protein quality control (QC) in conjunction with the endosomal sorting machinery either repairs or targets conformationally damaged membrane proteins for lysosomal/vacuolar degradation. Here, we provide an overview of emerging aspects of the underlying mechanisms of PM QC that fulfill a critical role in preserving cellular protein homeostasis in health and diseases.

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11

Baldis, H. A., D. M. Villeneuve, and C. J. Walsh. "Plasma waves in laser fusion plasmas." Canadian Journal of Physics 64, no. 8 (August 1, 1986): 961–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p86-165.

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This paper presents a review of plasma wave generation in laser-produced plasmas. A general review is given of stimulated scattering phenomena and the use of Thomson scattering techniques to diagnose waves in plasma. Two examples of the application of such methods are given: one is the simultaneous measurement of plasma and ion waves produced by the two-plasmon decay instability, the other the observation of plasma waves generated by stimulated Raman scattering.

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12

MAMUN, A. A., and P. K. SHUKLA. "Discoveries of waves in dusty plasmas." Journal of Plasma Physics 77, no. 4 (October 6, 2010): 437–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377810000589.

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AbstractThe basic features of dusty plasmas, particularly basic characteristics of dust in a plasma, and typical dusty plasma parameters for different space and laboratory plasma conditions, are presented. The complexity and the diversity of the field of dusty plasma physics are briefly discussed. Theoretical and experimental discoveries of linear and nonlinear features of waves, particularly dust-ion-acoustic and dust-acoustic waves, in dusty plasmas are reviewed.

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13

Tuleuhanov, S. T., N. T. Ablayhanova, S. A. Sharipova, B. K. Dinistanova, and Z. Mansurov. "Effect of the Nanostructured Carbon Sorbent «Ingo-2» and Cadmium Chloride on Limfodynamic and Composition of Lymph." Advanced Materials Research 602-604 (December 2012): 273–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.602-604.273.

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The effect of cadmium ions and nanostructured carbon sorbent on limfodynamic and composition of lymph was studies. The experiments showed that prolonged poisoning of rats with cadmium chloride (per os) causes changes of biochemical composition and physic-chemical parameters of lymph and blood plasma. The accumulation was marked by of cadmium ions in the lymph nodes, where their concentration is increased 5-7 times of the original level. Using n nanostructured carbon sorbent «Ingo-2» reduces substantially negative effect of cadmium on limfodynamic and indicators of lymph.

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14

Rosenberg, Marlene, Gabor J. Kalman, Stamatios Kyrkos, and Zoltan Donko. "Beam–plasma interaction in strongly coupled plasmas." Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General 39, no. 17 (April 7, 2006): 4613–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0305-4470/39/17/s47.

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15

Stahl, Philip D., and Graca Raposo. "Extracellular Vesicles: Exosomes and Microvesicles, Integrators of Homeostasis." Physiology 34, no. 3 (May 1, 2019): 169–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiol.00045.2018.

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Extracellular vesicles (EVs), cell-derived membrane structures, are secreted after fusion of endosomes with the plasma membrane (exosomes) or shed from the plasma membrane (microvesicles). EVs play a key role both in physiological balance and homeostasis and in disease processes by their ability to participate in intercellular signaling and communication.

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16

Sundar, Sita, and Zhandos A. Moldabekov. "Plasma–grain interaction in ultracold complex plasmas." Physics of Plasmas 27, no. 3 (March 2020): 033701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5135352.

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17

Porkolab, Miklos. "Kinetic theory of plasma waves, homogeneous plasmas." Nuclear Fusion 38, no. 11 (November 1998): 1737–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/38/11/701.

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18

MacDonald, Patrick E., and Patrik Rorsman. "The Ins and Outs of Secretion from Pancreatic β-Cells: Control of Single-Vesicle Exo- and Endocytosis." Physiology 22, no. 2 (April 2007): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiol.00047.2006.

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Exocytosis of insulin-containing secretory vesicles in pancreatic β-cells is crucial to maintenance of plasma glucose levels. They fuse with the plasma membrane in a regulated manner to release their contents and are subsequently recaptured either intact or through conventional clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Here, we discuss these mechanisms in β-cells at the single-vesicle level.

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19

Rutter, Guy A., and Elaine V. Hill. "Insulin Vesicle Release: Walk, Kiss, Pause … Then Run." Physiology 21, no. 3 (June 2006): 189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiol.00002.2006.

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The mechanisms by which insulin-containing dense core secretory vesicles approach and finally fuse with the plasma membrane are of considerable current interest: defects in these processes may be one of the contributing factors to Type 2 diabetes. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms involved in vesicle trafficking within the pancreatic β-cell and the mechanisms whereby these may be regulated. We then go on to describe recent evidence that suggests that vesicle fusion at the plasma membrane is a partly reversible process (“kiss and run” or “cavity recapture”). We propose that vesicles may participate in a exo-endocytotic cycle in which a proportion of those that have already undergone an interaction with the plasma membrane may exchange exocytotic machinery with maturing vesicles.

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20

Capitelli, M., R. Celiberto, G. Colonna, G. D'Ammando, O. De Pascale, P. Diomede, F. Esposito, et al. "Plasma kinetics in molecular plasmas and modeling of reentry plasmas." Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion 53, no. 12 (November 14, 2011): 124007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/53/12/124007.

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21

Gocić, Saša, and Željko Mladenović. "Global model simulation of OH production in pulsed-DC atmospheric pressure helium-air plasma jets." Open Physics 16, no. 1 (July 9, 2018): 375–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/phys-2018-0051.

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AbstractThe results of global model simulation of an atmospheric pressure pulsed-DC helium plasma jet propagated in humid air, compared to the results of fluid model, are presented in this paper. The primary tasks of presented simulation were determination of the density and the main production pathways of OH radicals. The calculation reveals that global model gives higher OH densities than fluid model, especially at higher electron temperatures. This overestimation is mainly caused by the intrinsic assumptions of the global model, which impose limitations on its application for modelling of very transient physical processes such are streamers or plasma bullets. The main OH production and loss processes are well recognized by global model, and additional mechanisms are involved with respect to the case of fluid modelling. According to the presented results, global model will give satisfactory assessment of OH density and overall chemical composition of modelled plasmas, if the air fraction, electron density and temperature are correctly determined.

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22

Shufflebotham, P. K., and D. J. Thomson. "Stability and spatial characterization of electron cyclotron resonance processing plasmas." Canadian Journal of Physics 69, no. 3-4 (March 1, 1991): 195–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p91-032.

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This paper presents preliminary measurements of the spatial variation of the plasma density, electron temperature, plasma potential, and floating voltage within a divergent magnetic field electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma processing reactor. The measurements are performed using an orbital-motion-limited cylindrical Langmuir probe designed specifically for use in these plasmas. A brief discussion of the stability and uniformity of divergent field plasmas in general, and qualitative techniques for the diagnosis of these properties, is also given. It was found that these plasmas generally occurred in distinct "modes," characterized by unique shapes and dependences on system variables, and between which discontinuous, noisy, and often bistable transitions occurred. Axially resolved probe measurements performed under ECR conditions showed that the plasma density exhibited a broadly peaked profile, while the electron temperature showed a sharp peak at ECR. The differences in these profiles leads to three qualitatively different plasma regions available for use in ECR processing. The variation of the plasma potential explains the origin of the axial ion beams that commonly occur in these systems.

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23

Djakovic-Svajcer, Kornelija. "Food and drugs." Medical review 55, no. 1-2 (2002): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns0202005d.

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Food can exert a significant influence on the effects of certain drugs. The interactions between food and drugs can be pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic. Pharmacokinetic interactions most often take place on absorption and drug metabolism levels. Absorption can be either accelerated or delayed, increased or decreased, while drug metabolism can be either stimulated or inhibited. The factors which influence food-drug interactions are as follows: composition and physic-chemical properties of drugs, the interval between a meal and drug intake and food composition. Food consistency is of lesser influence on drug bioavailability than food composition (proteins, fats, carbohydrates, cereals). Important interactions can occur during application of drugs with low therapeutic index, whereby the plasma level significantly varies due to changes in resorption or metabolism (e.g. digoxin, theophyllin, cyclosporin) and drugs such as antibiotics, whose proper therapeutic effect requires precise plasma concentrations.

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24

Donnelly, I. J., B. E. Clancy, and N. F. Cramer. "Alfvdén wave heating of a cylindrical plasma using axisymmetric waves. Part 1. MHD theory." Journal of Plasma Physics 34, no. 2 (October 1985): 227–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377800002816.

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MHD theory with the Hall term has been used to analyse the Alfvén resonance heating of cylindrical plasmas using axisymmetric waves excited by an antenna. An analytic expression for the antenna impedance has been derived for a simple plasma model and this is used to help interpret the computational results for small, medium and large plasmas. Compressional wave eigenmodes give large antenna resistances; however, the energy is deposited near the plasma surface. At a frequency just above each eigenfrequency, the Alfvén resonance damping is zero. Below the first eigenfrequency, the energy can be deposited near the plasma centre; however, the antenna resistance is fairly low except for medium size plasmas with a nearly constant central density. Ion cyclotron wave resonances are briefly discussed. Some general concepts relevant to the penetration of wave energy into large plasmas are presented.

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25

BURM, K. T. A. L. "The electronic identity of inductive and capacitive plasmas." Journal of Plasma Physics 74, no. 2 (April 2008): 155–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377807006654.

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AbstractAn electronic identity relation, relating capacitively coupled plasma sources to corresponding inductively coupled plasma sources, has been derived, starting from the Maxwell relations for matter and the characteristics of a capacitor and of an inductor. Furthermore, the breakdown conditions for both capacitively coupled plasmas and for inductively coupled plasmas as well as their optimal operation frequency ranges are discussed.

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26

Ostrikov, K., E. C. Neyts, and M. Meyyappan. "Plasma nanoscience: from nano-solids in plasmas to nano-plasmas in solids." Advances in Physics 62, no. 2 (April 2013): 113–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00018732.2013.808047.

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27

Hahn, Yukap, and Predrag Krstic. "Effective plasma potentials for atomic processes in plasmas." Physica Scripta 48, no. 3 (September 1, 1993): 340–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/48/3/011.

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28

Hidalgo, C., R. Balbín, B. Brañas, T. Estrada, I. García-Cortés, M. A. Pedrosa, E. Sánchez, and B. van Milligen. "Nonlinear phenomena and plasma turbulence in fusion plasmas." Physica Scripta 51, no. 5 (May 1, 1995): 624–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/51/5/013.

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29

Davydova, T. A., and Yu A. Zaliznyak. "Chirped Solitons Near Plasma Resonances in Magnetized Plasmas." Physica Scripta 61, no. 4 (April 1, 2000): 476–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1238/physica.regular.061a00476.

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30

Pelosi, Laura, Maria Grazia Berardinelli, Laura Forcina, Francesca Ascenzi, Emanuele Rizzuto, Marco Sandri, Fabrizio De Benedetti, Bianca Maria Scicchitano, and Antonio Musarò. "Sustained Systemic Levels of IL-6 Impinge Early Muscle Growth and Induce Muscle Atrophy and Wasting in Adulthood." Cells 10, no. 7 (July 18, 2021): 1816. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10071816.

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IL-6 is a pleiotropic cytokine that can exert different and opposite effects. The muscle-induced and transient expression of IL-6 can act in an autocrine or paracrine manner, stimulating anabolic pathways associated with muscle growth, myogenesis, and with regulation of energy metabolism. In contrast, under pathologic conditions, including muscular dystrophy, cancer associated cachexia, aging, chronic inflammatory diseases, and other pathologies, the plasma levels of IL-6 significantly increase, promoting muscle wasting. Nevertheless, the specific physio-pathological role exerted by IL-6 in the maintenance of differentiated phenotype remains to be addressed. The purpose of this study was to define the role of increased plasma levels of IL-6 on muscle homeostasis and the mechanisms contributing to muscle loss. Here, we reported that increased plasma levels of IL-6 promote alteration in muscle growth at early stage of postnatal life and induce muscle wasting by triggering a shift of the slow-twitch fibers toward a more sensitive fast fiber phenotype. These findings unveil a role for IL-6 as a potential biomarker of stunted growth and skeletal muscle wasting.

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31

Stewart, G. A. "Nonlinear electrostatic waves in equal-mass plasmas." Journal of Plasma Physics 50, no. 3 (December 1993): 521–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377800017311.

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A study is made of electrostatic waves in a cold equal-mass plasma. Numerical simulation reveals that cold equal-mass plasmas are fundamentally unstable to such oscillations, in contrast to the behaviour of these waves in electron-ion plasmas. A quasi-linear analysis of the problem is performed and an analytic solution found that duplicates the early evolution of the plasma.

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32

Bingham, R., L. O. Silva, J. T. Mendonça, P. K. Shukla, W. B. Mori, and A. Serbeto. "Neutrino plasma coupling in dense astrophysical plasmas." Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion 46, no. 12B (November 19, 2004): B327—B334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/46/12b/028.

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33

Ostrikov, Kostya (Ken). "Plasma-nano-interface in perspective: from plasma-for-nano to nano-plasmas." Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion 61, no. 1 (November 21, 2018): 014028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/aad770.

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34

Hopwood, J. "Review of inductively coupled plasmas for plasma processing." Plasma Sources Science and Technology 1, no. 2 (May 1, 1992): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0963-0252/1/2/006.

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35

de Angelis, U., V. Formisano, and M. Giordano. "Ion plasma waves in dusty plasmas: Halley's comet." Journal of Plasma Physics 40, no. 3 (December 1988): 399–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377800013386.

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We investigate ion waves in a plasma in the presence of massive charged dust particles, a common space-plasma component now known to exist also in planetary rings and comets. We derive an equation describing low-frequency electrostatic perturbations on a non-homogeneous background, where the inhomogeneity is due to a distribution of charged grains, each surrounded by an equilibrium statistical distribution of plasma particles. This model is then applied to propose an interpretation of some recent data from the Vega and Giotto space probes to Halley's comet the increase of the low-frequency electrostatic noise (ion-acoustic waves) in the region of increased dust.

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36

Shaing, K. C. "Time-dependent plasma viscosity in asymmetric toroidal plasmas." Physics of Plasmas 13, no. 5 (May 2006): 052505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2198214.

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37

RIOS, L. A., and P. K. SHUKLA. "Equivalent charge of photons in a very dense quantum plasma." Journal of Plasma Physics 74, no. 1 (February 2008): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377807006800.

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AbstractThe equivalent charge of photons in dense unmagnetized and magnetized Fermi plasmas is determined through the plasma physics method. This charge is associated with the polarization of the medium caused by the ponderomotive force of the electromagnetic waves. Relations for the coupling between the electron plasma density perturbation and the radiation fields are derived for unmagnetized and magnetized plasmas, taking into account the quantum force associated with the quantum Bohm potential in dense Fermi plasmas. The effective photon charge is then determined. The effects of the ion motion are also included in the investigation.

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38

Yakushin, R. V., A. V. Chistolinov, V. S. Boldyrev, E. N. Ofitserov, I. N. Solovieva, A. V. Perfilieva, and N. Ya Podhaluzina. "Research of Liquid Phase Oxidation of Aliphatic Alcohols in Plasma Chemical Water Treatment." Herald of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University. Series Natural Sciences, no. 1 (94) (February 2021): 92–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/1812-3368-2021-1-92-108.

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Plasma chemistry is part of the development of high technology that meets the modern requirements of greening and resource conservation. The study of physic-chemical laws and processes occurring in the zone of action of electric discharge plasma near the surface of a liquid is of high scientific and applied interest. In the study, developed and patented by a team of authors, plasma-chemical reactors were used, which implement the treatment of a liquid with both barrier and glow discharges near the surface of the liquid phase in a flow-through mode. Solutions of primary and secondary aliphatic alcohols were used as a model object of plasma-chemical treatment. As a result of the study, the mechanisms of liquid-phase oxidation of primary and secondary aliphatic alcohols during plasma-chemical treatment of water were proposed. The emission spectra of electric discharges at the gas-liquid interface in the presence of dissolved organic substances were obtained and analyzed. Spectral studies of electrodischarge plasma in the liquid-liquid zone confirmed the differing composition of the inorganic oxidation products of primary and secondary aliphatic alcohols. When deciphering the spectra of barrier and glow discharges, the characteristic emission bands of nitrogen N2, OH-radicals and nitric oxide, as well as lines of atomic hydrogen H and oxygen O were shown. In addition, the effect of the nature of the organic substances contained in the treated water on the characteristics of the electric discharge plasma was shown

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39

Hora, Heinrich. "Hydrodynamic derivation of double layers (DL) and electric fields in plasmas." Laser and Particle Beams 3, no. 1 (February 1985): 59–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600001270.

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The hitherto successful hydrodynamic plasma theory needed the simplifying assumption of quasi-neutrality. Earlier known ambipolar fields in plasma surfaces were considered as exceptions and Alfvén's model of a complementary description by plasma currents was criticized. Fields in plasmas were derived from the kinetic theory of turbulence. Following a model for the nonlinear force of laser–plasma interaction, we needed a general description of the plasma without space charge neutrality which succeeded numerically and analytically. High electric fields due to inhomogeneities inside plasmas were derived explaining for the first time quantitatively the reduction of thermal conduction in laser-fusion, the measured inverted double layers including a new type of resonance process, the MeV α-upshift by nonlinear-force driven caviton fields and the radial fields in tokamaks which cause plasma rotation.

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40

BINGHAM, R., R. A. CAIRNS, and J. T. MENDONÇA. "Particle acceleration in plasmas by perpendicularly propagating waves." Journal of Plasma Physics 64, no. 4 (October 2000): 481–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377800008722.

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The acceleration of particles to high energy by relativistic plasma waves has received a great deal of attention lately. Most of the particle-acceleration schemes using relativistic plasma waves rely either on intense terawatt or petawatt lasers or on electron beams as the driver of the acceleration wave. These laboratory experiments have attained accelerating fields as high as 1 GeV cm−1 with the electrons being accelerated to about 100 MeV in millimetre distances. In space and astrophysical plasmas, relativistic plasma waves can also be important for acceleration. A process that is common to both laboratory and space plasmas is the surfatron concept, which operates as a wave acceleration mechanism in a magnetized plasma. In this paper, we present test-particle results for the surfatron process.

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41

BURM, K. T. A. L. "Examination of aluminium and zinc plasmas from an inductive furnace by spectroscopy." Journal of Plasma Physics 79, no. 1 (July 17, 2012): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377812000645.

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AbstractThe production of aluminium and zinc plasmas for the deposition of coatings upon steel strip is monitored by optical emission spectroscopy measurements. The plasma is created from an inductive source. The atom and the ion densities as well as the electron temperature are obtained such that the plasma can be characterized. It will be shown that the obtained plasmas are typically highly ionized and deviate from thermal equilibrium.

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42

Blazek, Alisa D., Brian J. Paleo, and Noah Weisleder. "Plasma Membrane Repair: A Central Process for Maintaining Cellular Homeostasis." Physiology 30, no. 6 (November 2015): 438–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiol.00019.2015.

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Plasma membrane repair is a conserved cellular response mediating active resealing of membrane disruptions to maintain homeostasis and prevent cell death and progression of multiple diseases. Cell membrane repair repurposes mechanisms from various cellular functions, including vesicle trafficking, exocytosis, and endocytosis, to mend the broken membrane. Recent studies increased our understanding of membrane repair by establishing the molecular machinery contributing to membrane resealing. Here, we review some of the key proteins linked to cell membrane repair.

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WILLI, O., D. H. CAMPBELL, A. SCHIAVI, M. BORGHESI, M. GALIMBERTI, L. A. GIZZI, W. NAZAROV, A. J. MacKINNON, A. PUKHOV, and J. MEYER-TER-VEHN. "Relativistic laser propagation through underdense and overdense plasmas." Laser and Particle Beams 19, no. 1 (January 2001): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034601191019.

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Detailed investigations of the propagation of an ultraintense picosecond laser pulse through preformed plasmas have been carried out. An underdense plasma with peak density around 0.1nc was generated by exploding a thin foil target with an intense nanosecond laser pulse. The formation of plasma channels with an ultraintense laser pulse due to ponderomotive expulsion of elections and the subsequent Coulomb explosion were investigated. The laser transmission through underdense plasmas was measured for a picosecond pulse at intensities above 1019 W/cm2 with and without a plasma channel preformed with an ultraintense prepulse. The energy transmitted through the plasma increased from the few percent transmittance measured in absence of the preformed channel to almost 100% transmission with the channelling to main pulse delay at around 100 ps. The propagation of a relativistic laser pulse through overdense plasmas was also investigated. A well-characterized plasma with an electron density up to 8nc was generated by soft X-ray irradiation of a low-density foam target. The propagation of the laser pulse was observed via X-ray imaging and monitoring the energy transmission through the plasma. Evidence of collimated laser transport was obtained.

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Cao, L. F., I. Uschmann, F. Zamponi, T. Kämpfer, A. Fuhrmann, E. Förster, A. Höll, et al. "Space-time characterization of laser plasma interactions in the warm dense matter regime." Laser and Particle Beams 25, no. 2 (June 2007): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034607000067.

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Laser plasma interaction experiments have been performed using an fs Titanium Sapphire laser. Plasmas have been generated from planar PMMA targets using single laser pulses with 3.3 mJ pulse energy, 50 fs pulse duration at 800 nm wavelength. The electron density distributions of the plasmas in different delay times have been characterized by means of Nomarski Interferometry. Experimental data were compared with hydrodynamic simulation. First results to characterize the plasma density and temperature as a function of space and time are obtained. This work aims to generate plasmas in the warm dense matter (WDM) regime at near solid-density in an ultra-fast laser target interaction process. Plasmas under these conditions can serve as targets to develop X-ray Thomson scattering as a plasma diagnostic tool, e.g., using the Vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) free-electron laser (FLASH) at Dentsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) Hamburg.

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Evans, Diane, Louis A. Rosocha, Graydon K. Anderson, John J. Coogan, and Mark J. Kushner. "Plasma remediation of trichloroethylene in silent discharge plasmas." Journal of Applied Physics 74, no. 9 (November 1993): 5378–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.354241.

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Schmidt-Bleker, A., W. Gassen, and H. J. Kull. "Nonlinear plasma waves and wavebreaking in quantum plasmas." EPL (Europhysics Letters) 95, no. 5 (August 9, 2011): 55003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/95/55003.

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Boyd, T. J. M. "Laser–plasma interaction physics in underdense coronal plasmas." Canadian Journal of Physics 64, no. 8 (August 1, 1986): 944–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p86-163.

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After a brief review of stimulated Raman scattering and two-plasmon decay, which dominate the physics of laser–plasma interactions at and below the quarter-critical density, we summarize some of the principal characteristics of emission from targets at half-harmonics of the laser frequency. Two mechanisms in particular are thought to contribute to the emission; Raman conversion and the direct linear conversion of plasmons generated by two-plasmon decay. Both processes are reviewed and the implications of each for the emission spectra examined.The effect of strong self-generated magnetic fields on harmonic generation is considered briefly and attention is drawn to ways in which the coincidence of interactions in the underdense plasma may influence their basic characteristics. A finite-amplitude ion wave, for example, modifies the spectrum of Raman scattered light, including significant frequency splitting.

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Constantin, C. G., H. A. Baldis, M. B. Schneider, D. E. Hinkel, A. B. Langdon, W. Seka, R. Bahr, and S. Depierreux. "Laser-plasma interactions in high-energy density plasmas." Journal de Physique IV (Proceedings) 133 (June 2006): 243–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp4:2006133049.

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ELIASSON, BENGT, and PADMA KANT SHUKLA. "Dispersion properties of electrostatic oscillations in quantum plasmas." Journal of Plasma Physics 76, no. 1 (October 27, 2009): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377809990316.

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AbstractWe present a derivation of the dispersion relation for electrostatic oscillations in a zero-temperature quantum plasma, in which degenerate electrons are governed by the Wigner equation, while non-degenerate ions follow the classical fluid equations. The Poisson equation determines the electrostatic wave potential. We consider parameters ranging from semiconductor plasmas to metallic plasmas and electron densities of compressed matter such as in laser compression schemes and dense astrophysical objects. Owing to the wave diffraction caused by overlapping electron wave function because of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle in dense plasmas, we have the possibility of Landau damping of the high-frequency electron plasma oscillations at large enough wavenumbers. The exact dispersion relations for the electron plasma oscillations are solved numerically and compared with the ones obtained by using approximate formulas for the electron susceptibility in the high- and low-frequency cases.

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ASSAS, S., and L. G. ERIKSSON. "On the influence of a radial electric field on ripple-induced stochastic diffusion in tokamaks." Journal of Plasma Physics 71, no. 1 (January 13, 2005): 81–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377804003149.

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Strong plasma rotation is an important feature in many high-performance fusion plasmas, especially in plasmas with internal transport barriers (ITBs). An analysis of the impact of plasma rotation, or more specifically of a radial electric field, on the ripple-induced stochastic diffusion of energetic ions is presented. In particular, the influence of a radial electric field on the threshold for stochastic motion and on the diffusion path in real space is investigated.

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