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Journal articles on the topic 'Plasmid Profile Analysis'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 February 2022

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1

Olukoya, D. K., and O. Oni. "Plasmid profile analysis and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of shigella isolates from Nigeria." Epidemiology and Infection 105, no. 1 (August 1990): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800047646.

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SUMMARYIn an epidemiological survey, plasmid profiles and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of 100 shigella isolates in Lagos, Nigeria was done. All the isolates were sensitive to nalidixic acid, nitrofurantoin and ciprofloxacin. The commonest antimicrobial susceptibility pattern was resistance to ampicillin, colistin sulphate, co-trimoxazole, streptomycin and tetracycline. All but 4 of 100 isolates screened contained one or more plasmids. Plasmid profile analysis distinguished more strains than did antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. A total of 36 isolates was able to transfer resistance plasmids toEscherichia coliK-12 by conjugation. Usingin vitrotransformation, seven isolates transferred resistance. These plasmids specified resistance to tetracycline, streptomycin, sulphonamide, trimethoprim and ampicillin.
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2

Miljkovic-Selimovic, Biljana, Zorica Lepsanovic, Tatjana Babic, Branislava Kocic, and Gordana Randjelovic. "Plasmid profile analysis in identification of epidemic strains of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis." Vojnosanitetski pregled 65, no. 4 (2008): 303–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp0804303m.

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Background/Aim. As illness caused by Sallmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) occurs not only as sporadic cases but as outbreaks, to reveal the source and routes of spreading of infection it is necessary to identify epidemic strain by the use of some typing methods. To determine whether plasmid profile analysis, as genotyping method, could be applied for the investigation of epidemic strains, isolates of S. Enteritidis, recovered from patient's stools and food associated with outbreaks and those isolated from sporadic cases of diarrhea, were investigated. Methods. Investigation of antibiotic resistance was performed by Kirby - Bauer disc-diffusion method. Isolation of plasmid DNA was carried out by Birnboim and Dolly alkaline lysis method, modified by Ish-Horovitz. Results. Out of 276 izolates of S. Enteritidis 94 were isolated from patient's stools and food associated with outbreaks and 182 were isolated from sporadic cases of diarrhea. The presence of 12 plasmid profiles was established. An average correlation degree of plasmid profiles between the strains was 0.84, that implies high degree of similarity of plasmid profiles of epidemic and non- epidemic strains isolated at our geographic region for the given period of time. Conclusion. The strains of S. Enteritidis, isolated in outbreaks of enterocolitis as well as from spordic cases of diarrhea in the same period of time and at the same area, frequently exhibit the same plasmid profile characterized by a single plasmid of 38 MDa. Therefore, in most cases plasmid profile analysis is not valuable in the identification of epidemic strains of S. Enteritidis. However, for this purpose plasmid profile analysis could be used when drug-resistant strains of S. Enteritidis are isolated, as they often possess additional resistant plasmids what increases discrimination power of this method.
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3

Gebre-Yohannes, A., and B. S. Drasar. "Plasmid profiles of antibiotic-resistantShigella dysenteriaetypes 2, 3, 4, 6 and 7 isolated in Ethiopia during 1976–85." Epidemiology and Infection 105, no. 1 (August 1990): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800047658.

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SUMMARYPlasmid profile analysis by agarose gel electrophoresis was carried out on 37 drug-resistant strains ofShigella dysenteriaetypes 2, 3, 4, 6 and 7. These strains were collected between 1976 and 1985 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.The plasmid profile ofS. dysenteriaetype 2 strains with R-type CSSuT did not show middle-sized plasmids likely to code for CSSuT resistance. All strains contained a large plasmid of about 120 megadaltons (MDa), and a cryptic plasmid of about 2·2 MDa. The plasmid profiles ofS. dysenteriaetype 3 with R-types ACSSuT, SSuT and SSu showed a 4·2 MDa SSu-determinant, which was demonstrated inEscherichia coliK12 recipients resulting from triparental crosses. The ACT determinant inS. dysenteriaetype 3 with R-type ACSSuT is probably chromosomally mediated. Cryptic plasmids of about 3·0 and 2·2 MDa were found in allS. dysenteriaetype 3 isolates. The 4·2 MDa plasmid featured prominently in the plasmid profiles ofS. dysenteriaetypes 4, 6 and 7 with R-types SSuT and SSu. However, this plasmid was not mobilizable by triparental crosses. There was a relative paucity of transferable plasmids in non-Shiga bacillus isolates. However, incompatibility group N plasmids, coding for tetracycline resistance, were detected.
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4

PICHEL, M., S. GONZÁLEZ FRAGA, R. TERRAGNO, J. MULKI, A. GENTILE, C. KREMER, A. M. MOLA, R. NOSEDA, and N. BINSZTEIN. "Analysis of clonal relationship amongShigella sonneiisolates circulating in Argentina." Epidemiology and Infection 135, no. 4 (September 26, 2006): 681–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268806007230.

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SUMMARYThirty-five isolates ofShigella sonneifrom patients with diarrhoea in three geographic regions of Argentina were examined for genetic diversity by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and plasmid profile. PFGE ofXbaI andBlnI DNA digests confirmed the occurrence of outbreaks in two regions caused by two separate predominant clones ofS. sonnei. The third region was characterized by three circulating clones, one of which was possibly associated with an outbreak. Similar plasmids were found in distinct clones and in one outbreak clone five different plasmid profiles were identified. Antimicrobial resistance of the isolates varied from fully susceptible to the agents tested, to resistance to cotrimoxazole, ampicillin and ciprofloxacin. Antibiotic resistance did not correlate with plasmid content. This information will form the basis for active surveillance of shigellosis in Argentina and elsewhere in the region through the PulseNet International Network.
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5

Gebre-Yohannes, A., and B. S. Drasar. "Molecular epidemiology of plasmid patterns inShigella flexneritypes 1–6." Epidemiology and Infection 107, no. 2 (October 1991): 321–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800048962.

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SUMMARYA total of 123 drug-resistant and drug-sensitiveShigella flexneritypes 1–6, and theirEscherichia coliK12 transconjugants were used for plasmid profile analysis by agarose gel electrophoresis. Resistance factors (R-factors) were further characterized by incompatibility testing.The overall distribution of small plasmids inS. flexnerishowed that a cryptic plasmid of about 4·6 Kb was found in all serotypes, and a plasmid of about 4·2 Kb was found in serotypes 1–4.Shigella flexneritypes 2, 4 and 6 showed a 6·5 Kb plasmid which correlated with SSu-resistance. AllS. flexneriserotypes harboured large plasmids of about 217 Kb. Plasmid profile analysis ofS. flexneriin Ethiopia showed a high degree of uniformity within individual serotypes. However, there was a limited variability which, at times, could be useful for epidemiological investigation.Shigella flexneriserotypes 1–6 harboured resistance plasmids with diverse molecular weights but mostly belonging to incompatibility groups N and X.
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6

Marrie, Thomas J., Shaun Tyler, Gregory Bezanson, Charles Dendy, and Wendy Johnson. "Analysis of Legionella pneumophilaSerogroup 1 Isolates by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 37, no. 1 (1999): 251–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.37.1.251-254.1999.

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At a hospital in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, three strains of Legionella pneumophila were detectable based on plasmid content, while the isolates collected at another hospital in Halifax had no plasmids. Genomic DNA was digested withBssHII, SalI, and SpeI and subjected to pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). We found no relationship between plasmid profile and PFGE pattern.
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7

Olsen, J. E., D. J. Brown, D. L. Baggesen, and M. Bisgaard. "Biochemical and molecular characterization ofSalmonella entericaserovarberta, and comparison of methods for typing." Epidemiology and Infection 108, no. 2 (April 1992): 243–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800049724.

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SUMMARYStrains ofSalmonella entericaserovarberta(S. berta) from Denmark and seven other countries have been characterized with the aim of developing a rational typing strategy in connection with outbreak investigations.Biotyping divided the strains into H2S-positive (90%) and H2S-negative (10%) biovars. Six percent of the strains were resistant to one or more antimicrobial agents. Eighty-eight percent of the strains carried plasmids and 52 different plasmid profiles were recognized. Six of the common plasmid sizes in these profiles were shown by restriction enzyme analyses to contain more than one plasmid species. More than 90% of the strains had the same ribotype with the restriction enzymesSmaI andEcoR I and the same whole cell protein profile. Outer membrane protein profiles and isoenzyme profiles were identical in allS. bertaanalysed.Plasmid profiling in combination with restriction enzyme analysis of plasmids seemed to be the most rational typing strategy forS. berta. The results indicated thatS. bertastrains regardless of geographical source or host are possibly clonal in nature.
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8

Herchline, Thomas, and William Maher. "Plasmid Analysis of 26 Staphylococcal Species by a Rapid Microscale Technique." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 17, no. 10 (October 1996): 687–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0195941700003040.

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AbstractObjective:Evaluate a plasmid typing technique for a diverse group of staphylococci.Design:In vitro testing on known isolates.Setting:University hospital.Intervention:The plasmid content of 195 isolates representing 26 staphylococcal species was analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis following lysostaphin-alkaline-SDS lysis, with and without acetone treatment.Results:Isolates yielded plasmid profiles with 0 to 7 extra-chromosomal bands (median, 1; 1.5); 171 (88%) had a profile with at least 1 band. Species with more than one isolate available for testing showed considerable diversity of plasmid profiles, except forStaphylococcus haemolyticus.Conclusions:The ease of the procedure and the diversity of plasmid profiles within each species examined suggests that plasmid profiling is an accessible and useful epidemiologic tool applicable to most staphylococcal species by epidemiologic units or clinical laboratories.
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9

BEN AISSA, R., and N. AL-GALLAS. "Molecular typing ofSalmonella entericaserovars Enteritidis, Corvallis, Anatum and Typhimurium from food and human stool samples in Tunisia, 2001–2004." Epidemiology and Infection 136, no. 4 (June 14, 2007): 468–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268807008916.

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SUMMARYDuring the period from 2001 to 2004, a total of 72 isolates ofSalmonella entericaserovars: Anatum (n=40), Enteritidis (n=18), Corvallis (n=8), and Typhimurium (n=6), of various origins (mainly food and diarrhoeagenic stool samples), were collected and further characterized by antibiotic resistance, plasmid analysis, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Forty-five isolates presented multidrug resistance to antibiotics. Among which oneS. entericaserovar Anatum isolate was resistant to 11 antibiotics, and oneS. entericaserovar Typhimurium DT104 isolate was resistant to eight antibiotics. Plasmid profiling identified eight plasmid profiles (with 1–5 plasmids) among the isolates, of which one plasmid profile (P01) was predominant.XbaI PFGE analysis revealed the presence of a predominant clone of the four studiedSalmonellaserovars circulating in Tunisia throughout the years 2001–2004.
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10

Pedersen, K., T. Tiainen, and J. L. Larsen. "Plasmid profiles, restriction fragment length polymorphisms and O-serotypes amongVibrio anguillarumisolates." Epidemiology and Infection 117, no. 3 (December 1996): 471–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800059136.

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SummaryA total of 279Vibrio anguillarumstrains were serotyped and examined for plasmid content. Plasmids were subjected to digestion with restriction enzymes. Most strains belonged to serogroup O1 (39%) and O2 (16%). In total 164 strains (53%) carried plasmids. Of the O1 and O2 isolates, 92% and 30%, respectively, carried one or more plasmids. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of plasmid DNA indicated that plasmids belonged to several groups. Each group seemed to be restricted to a single O-serovar. The largest group was the pJM1-like plasmids among most serovar O1 strains. Most of these plasmids were about 67 kb like the pJM1 plasmid, but various derivatives ranged from 26–77 kb. RFLP studies of the 67 kb plasmids revealed 17 different restriction patterns. Some patterns were dominant among European strains whereas others were dominant among North American strains. The results confirmed the applicability of O-serotyping together with plasmid profile and restriction analysis of plasmids for typing ofV. anguillarum. They also indicated that plasmids among strains which belonged to the traditional fish pathogenic serogroups, O1 and O2, showed more homology than did strains from most other serogroups, that were usually non-pathogenic, environmental bacteria.
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11

Vitorino, Liliana, Gabriele Margos, Líbia Zé-Zé, Klaus Kurtenbach, and Margarida Collares-Pereira. "Plasmid profile analysis of Portuguese Borrelia lusitaniae strains." Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases 1, no. 3 (September 2010): 125–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2010.07.001.

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12

Singh, Vineeta, V. P. Singh, Praveen K. Gupta, and Pallab Chaudhuri. "Plasmid Profile and Virulence Analysis ofSalmonellaGallinarum Indian Isolates." Journal of Applied Animal Research 9, no. 2 (June 1996): 129–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09712119.1996.9706114.

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13

Ridley, A. M., E. J. Threlfall, and B. Rowe. "Genotypic Characterization of Salmonella enteritidis Phage Types by Plasmid Analysis, Ribotyping, and Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 36, no. 8 (1998): 2314–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.36.8.2314-2321.1998.

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Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was used to resolveXbaI and SpeI macrorestriction fragments from 60 defined phage type (PT) reference strains of Salmonella enteritidis. The level of discrimination was compared to that afforded by plasmid profile analysis and ribotyping. Twenty-eight distinct XbaI pulsed-field profiles (PFPs) were observed, although a single type, PFP X1, predominated. Absence of the 57-kbspv-associated fragment was observed for three PT reference strains, and the profile was designated PFP X1A. The XbaI macrorestriction profiles of a further four PT reference strains were altered by the presence of plasmid-associated bands. Twenty-sixSpeI-generated PFPs (plus one subtype) were observed for the same strains. No SpeI fragment corresponding to the 38-MDa serovar-specific plasmid was detected. The distribution ofXbaI and SpeI profiles did not always correspond, producing a total of 32 combined PFPs for the 60 PT reference strains. This compared with a total of 18 different plasmid profiles and three PvuII ribotypes generated by the same strains. The results of this study indicate that PFGE may offer an improved level of discrimination over other genotypic typing methods for the epidemiological typing of S. enteritidis.
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14

Paterson, E. Suzanne, Margret I. Moré, Gansen Pillay, Christina Cellini, Roger Woodgate, Graham C. Walker, V. N. Iyer, and Stephen C. Winans. "Genetic Analysis of the Mobilization and Leading Regions of the IncN plasmids pKM101 and pCU1." Journal of Bacteriology 181, no. 8 (April 15, 1999): 2572–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.181.8.2572-2583.1999.

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ABSTRACT The conjugative IncN plasmids pKM101 and pCU1 have previously been shown to contain identical oriT sequences as well as conserved restriction endonuclease cleavage patterns within theirtra regions. Complementation analysis and sequence data presented here indicate that these two plasmids encode essentially identical conjugal DNA-processing proteins. This region contains three genes, traI, traJ, and traK, transcribed in the same orientation from a promoter that probably lies within or near the conjugal transfer origin (oriT). Three corresponding proteins were visualized by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and complementation analysis confirmed that this region contains three tracomplementation groups. All three proteins resemble proteins of the IncW plasmid R388 and other plasmids thought to have roles in processing of plasmid DNA during conjugation. The hydropathy profile of TraJ suggests a transmembrane topology similar to that of several homologous proteins. Both traK and traI were required for efficient interplasmid site-specific recombination atoriT, while traJ was not required. The leading region of pKM101 contains three genes (stbA,stbB, and stbC), null mutations in which cause elevated levels of plasmid instability. Plasmid instability was observed only in hosts that are proficient in interplasmid recombination, suggesting that this recombination can potentially lead to plasmid loss and that Stb proteins somehow overcome this, possibly via site-specific multimer resolution.
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15

Asensi, Marise Dutra, Arudy Penna Costa, Eliane Moura Falavina dos Reis, and Ernesto Hofer. "Lysotypes and plasmidial profile of Salmonella Serovar Typhimurium isolated from children with enteric processes in the cities of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, and Salvador, BA - Brazil." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 37, no. 4 (August 1995): 297–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46651995000400003.

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The lysotypes, plasmidial profiles, and profiles of resistance to antimicrobial agents were determined in 111 Salmonella Typhimurium strains isolated from feces and blood of children treated in Rio de Janeiro and in Salvador. Six distinct lysotypes (19, 41, 97, 105, 120 and 193) were recognized, with a predominance of lysotype 193 (59.7%) in Rio de Janeiro and of phage type 105 (38.4) in Salvador. Approximately 86.7% of the lysotype 193 strains presented multiple resistance to more than six antimicrobial agents, whereas 93% of lysotype 105 strains were fully susceptible. More than 90% of the strains presented plasmids distributed into 36 different profiles in Rio de Janeiro and into 10 profiles in Salvador. A 40 MDa plasmid was the most frequent (47%) in the strains from Rio de Janeiro, whereas a 61 MDa plasmid predominated (14.5%) in Salvador. Combined analysis of plasmid profile and classification into lysotypes (especially those belonging to types 105 and 103, proved to be more discriminatory than the other methods applied).
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16

Browning, L. M., C. Wray, and D. J. Platt. "Diversity and molecular variation among plasmids inSalmonella entericaserotype Dublin based on restriction enzyme fragmentation pattern analysis." Epidemiology and Infection 114, no. 2 (April 1995): 237–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800057903.

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SummaryMolecular variation within and between plasmids ofSalmonella entericaserotype Dublin was analysed. Such variation has been demonstrated in the serotype-specific plasmids (SSP's) of Typhimurium and Enteritidis. The two aims of this study were to determine the plasmid diversity in a host-adapted serotype and also the incidence of molecular variation in the SSP among strains of Dublin using restriction endonuclease fragmentation pattern (REFP) analysis withPst1,Sma1 andEcoRV. Sixty-five strains were examined from seven countries. Plasmid profile and REFP analysis showed that none of the strains was plasmid-free. Seventy-seveń percent of the strains possessed the 72 kb SSP either alone or in combination with another plasmid; 23 % harboured plasmids which were molecular variants of the SSP. Four of the variants were more closely related to each other than to the reference SSP and were harboured by Dublin isolated from both the USA and Europe. A further three were shown to be cointegrate plasmids and were similarly distributed. Thirty-two percent of strains possessed the SSP alone. None of the UK strains was resistant to any of the antimicrobial agents tested whereas 74 % of the remaining strains were resistant to between one and five antimicrobial agents. This study corroborates previous findings concerning the high degree of stability of the SSP and confirmed the clonal nature of Dublin. Co-resident plasmids provided evidence of sub-clones within localized geographical areas.
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17

Hashem, F. M., L. D. Kuykendall, S. E. Udell, and P. M. Thomas. "Phage susceptibility and plasmid profile analysis of Sinorhizobium fredii." Plant and Soil 186, no. 1 (September 1996): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00035066.

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18

Agresta, M. D., L. M. Steele, V. Harris, K. Preston, and R. A. Venezia. "DNA plasmid profile analysis to rule out nosocomial transmission." American Journal of Infection Control 21, no. 2 (April 1993): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0196-6553(93)90262-3.

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19

Begum, Kohinur, Sultana Juhara Mannan, and Aliza Ahmed. "Antibiotic Resistance, Plasmids and Integron Profile of Salmonella Species Isolated from Poultry Farm and Patients." Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 15, no. 2 (January 2, 2017): 209–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v15i2.30939.

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A total of ten selected strains of Salmonella species, five from the environment of poultry farm and five from patients were included in this study. All strains were isolated and identified by using selective media, standard biochemical and serological tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed by disc diffusion method using twelve commercial antibiotic discs of aztreonam, ceftriaxone, kanamycin, ciprofloxacin, gentamycin, chloramphenicol, ampicillin, erythromycin, cephalexin, tetracycline, cotrimoxazole and nalidixic acid. Plasmid profile and integron gene detection were conducted by Kado-Liu method and PCR, respectively. Only aztreonam, ceftriaxone, kanamycin and gentamycin were shown to be inhibitory to all strains. However, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, amoxicilin, erythromycin, cephalexin, tetracycline, cotrimoxazole and nalidixic acid revealed different degrees of resistance pattern against environmental and clinical strains. Analysis of plasmid demonstrated that three environmental strains contained both plasmids of 140 Mda and 62 Mda. On the other hand, another three strains, one environmental and two clinical isolate only contained 140 Mda plasmid. All the plasmid containing strains (140 Mda and 62 Mda) exhibited same type of drug resistance pattern, whereas strains containing the 140 Mda plasmid only did not show similar type of resistance pattern. Therefore, no correlation was found between plasmid containing strains and drug resistance. Four environmental strains were also found to be positive for the class I integron and one clinical isolated was positive for class I integron gene conferring resistance to common antibiotics. However, none of the strains were found to contain class II integron. Therefore, the present study demonstrated that both environmental and clinical strains contain both large to middle size plasmids and integron I but not integron II. The plasmid and integron I containing strains experienced resistance to different antibiotics, used in the experiments.Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 15(2): 209-214, 2016 (December)
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20

Agrahari, Gaurav, Amrit Koirala, Roshan Thapa, Mahesh Kumar Chaudhary, and Reshma Tuladhar. "Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns and Plasmid Profiles of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Clinical Samples." Nepal Journal of Biotechnology 7, no. 1 (December 29, 2019): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njb.v7i1.26945.

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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), showing resistance to several antibiotics is a global health problem associated with considerable mortality and morbidity. Antibiotic susceptibility test is a commonly used method to characterize MRSA in epidemiologic studies. Additionally, plasmid profile has been reported to be useful in tracing the epidemiology of antibiotic resistance. This research was conducted to determine the antimicrobial resistance patterns and plasmid profiles of MRSA isolated from clinical samples at KIST Medical College, Imadol, Kathmandu, Nepal. All the clinical specimens sent to the laboratory were processed by standard microbiological techniques and antibiotic susceptibility testing was done by the modified Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Further, plasmid profiling was done by Alkaline-lysis method. A total of 27 (38.02%) MRSA were isolated from 71 S. aureus positive samples. MRSA showed the highest resistance towards penicillin (92.60%) and ampicillin (92.60%). In contrast, high levels of sensitivity were shown towards vancomycin (85.19%) and tetracycline (85.19%). Out of 27 MRSA positive samples, single plasmids were isolated from only 6 (22.22%) MRSA isolates. Antibiograms alone are inadequate to accomplish the characterization of MRSA during epidemiological studies. However, plasmid profile analysis in conjunction with the antibiotic susceptibility pattern is valuable in the epidemiological investigation of MRSA, and for reducing MRSA prevalence and treatment cost.
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Babalola, T. F., T. O. Olowomofe, T. R. Omodara, and T. Y. Ogunyemi. "Antibiotic Resistance Pattern and Plasmid Profile of Bacteria Isolates from Household Water Distribution Tanks in Ado-Ekiti." Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 15, no. 3 (August 31, 2021): 1697–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.22207/jpam.15.3.66.

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Water is essential to life. The existence of all forms of life is dependent on an adequate water supply. The exigent need for water supply in homes prompted the construction of water sources and water storage devices in the homes. This however does not guarantee that the water is safe to drink. If the water is safe at the source, it may be contaminated during transportation storage and drawing at home. This study was carried out to determine the microbial counts, antibiotics susceptibility and plasmid profile of bacteria isolates from household water distribution tanks in the Ado-Ekiti metropolis. The total bacteria and coliform counts were determined using the pour plating technique. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolates was determined using the disc diffusion technique while the plasmid profile of the isolates was determined using the alkaline lysis method and agar gel electrophoresis. The mean total bacteria count of the water sample was 6.96 log10 CFU/ml, while the mean total of coliform count is 5.50 log10CFU/ml. The isolates with multiple antibiotics resistance belonged to five bacteria genera namely: Escherichia, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Enterobacter and Proteus. The plasmid analysis showed that four of the resistant strains had multiple plasmids, Enterobacter aerogens had 3 plasmids (1kb, 1.5kb and 2kb), Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella aerogens had two plasmids (1kb, 1.5kb) respectively while Proteus vulgaris and Escherichia coli had no plasmid.
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22

Hartmann, A., and N. Amarger. "Genotypic diversity of an indigenous Rhizobium meliloti field population assessed by plasmid profiles, DNA fingerprinting, and insertion sequence typing." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 37, no. 8 (August 1, 1991): 600–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m91-102.

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One hundred and twenty-five Rhizobium meliloti isolates nodulating field-grown Medicago sativa cv. Europe were evaluated for plasmid content and for symbiotic effectiveness with this host. Relative to the strain used commercially in France (RCR2011), isolates showed a comparable level of symbiotic effectiveness, although two isolates were poorly effective. Twenty-four distinct plasmid profiles were observed among these isolates, with a plasmid number varying between one and five per isolate. All isolates but one harboured a plasmid equivalent in size to that of the R. meliloti 41 megaplasmid. Sizes of the other plasmids varied from 45 to >600 kb. The major plasmid group (representing 30% of the whole population) consisted of isolates carrying a megaplasmid plus a large plasmid with an average size of 230 kb. To assess the validity of plasmid grouping, 32 isolates representative of 12 plasmid groups were further characterized on the basis of their genomic DNA restriction patterns and their insertion sequence (IS) fingerprints, using the indigenous insertion sequence ISRm1 as a probe. The DNA restriction patterns and IS fingerprints were highly distinctive among the 32 isolates examined since 20 and 16 types, respectively, were observed. These two characteristics are strongly correlated with the plasmid profiles of the strains, confirming the validity of plasmid grouping in assessing diversity of natural populations of R. meliloti. Plasmid profile analysis, although less discriminating than DNA restriction patterns or IS fingerprinting, is the method of choice when many isolates need to be typed. Key words: Rhizobium meliloti, ecology, diversity, field population, symbiotic effectiveness.
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23

Elmagdub, Fathea E., Nuria A. Elamri, and Abdunabi M. Abughania. "Plasmid Profiles of Pseudomonas syringae pv. savastanoi." Journal of Misurata University for Agricultural Sciences, no. 01 (October 6, 2019): 354–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.36602/jmuas.2019.v01.01.28.

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Pseudomonas syringae pv. savastanoi (Psv) is the causal agent of olive knot disease. Forty nine bacterial isolates of Psv were isolated from knots on several hosts at the western area of Libya: 31 isolates from olive Olea europaea, 17 isolates from athel Tamarix aphylla (on which the disease is documented for the first time) and one isolate from retem Retama raetam. The isolates were identified on the basis of their morphological characteristics and LOPAT profile. They produced round, white creamy colonies on selective media (PAB and KB), from which 15 isolates produced fluorescent pigments. With the exception of other LOPAT analysis, all isolates were pectinolytic activity and arginine dihydrolase negative. some isolates were levan positive (10 isolates) and oxidase positive (12 isolates), while the rest of isolates were negative for both tests. Most of the isolates induced a hypersensitive reaction on tobacco and pepper leaves. Plasmid profile analysis of Psv strains indicated high genetic variability between the isolates of the same host or different hosts. Most of the olive isolates were classified according to their plasmid profile into five groups (A, B, C, D, F), however, the athel isolates were separated into three different groups designated as G, K, N, on the other hand, group E and H contained mixed isolates from different hosts: group H included two isolates from olive (OS25w and OS42w) and one isolate from retem (Ra1); only two strains OS6w and Ta5y from olive and athel respectively were classified within the same group designated as E. The remaining seven isolates from all hosts were unique. The total number of plasmids ranged from 1-4 for the strains tested, while the DNA content varied widely ranging from 540 to 13550 bp. No plasmid were detected in 14 isolates tested. Genome analysis based on plasmid profiles indicated the great potential of this technique to discriminate between the isolates of Psv from different hosts and geographical regions.
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Shlaes, David M., Mary-Helen Lehman, Charlotte A. Currie-McCumber, C. H. Kim, and Rachel Floyd. "Prevalence of Colonization with Antibiotic Resistant Gram-Negative Bacilli in a Nursing Home Care Unit: The Importance of Cross-Colonization as Documented by Plasmid Analysis." Infection Control 7, no. 11 (November 1986): 538–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0195941700065280.

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AbstractA prevalence study was carried out on a 100-bed Veterans Administration nursing home care unit to determine the extent of colonization with gentamicin-resistant gram-negative bacilli (GRGNB). Hand cultures of 12 employees and 17 environmental cultures were negative. Twenty-six of 86 (30%) patients were colonized with 49 GRGNB. Sixteen patients (19%) had urinary colonization. Multivariate analysis revealed significant associations between rectal or perineal colonization (P<0.01), and the presence of a urinary device (82% condom catheters) (P<0.05), with urinary colonization. The most common isolates were Providencia stuartii (20), Escherichia coli (nine) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (nine). Twenty-six of 49 isolates carried plasmids. Restriction endonuclease digestion of plasmid DNA was performed for 21. Cross-colonization, as defined by the presence of the identical species with the identical restriction endonuclease digestion profile of purified plasmid DNA found in different patients, was observed for eight of 21 (38%) strains. All were geographically clustered. No strains could transfer gentamicin-resistance by conjugation and only two plasmids could transform our E coli recipient to gentamicin resistance. One E coli plasmid was identical to two Citrobacter freundii plasmids and a P stuartii plasmid isolated from three different patients. This 105 kb plasmid is conjugative and encodes resistance to ampicillin, carbenicillin, tetracycline, and sulfonamides. Thus, 57% of strains were cross-colonizing or contained identical R-plasmids. Southern hybridization using a 1 kb TEM-1 gene probe demonstrated sequences homologous to this probe in five of five nursing home plasmids examined. These data demonstrate the utility of plasmid analysis in epidemiologic typing of multiple species of Enterobacteriaceae, and suggest wide dissemination of R-plasmids bearing the TEM-1β-lactamase gene among gram-negative bacilli colonizing patients residing in our nursing home.
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Martinez-Urtaza, Jaime, Ernesto Liebana, Lourdes Garcia-Migura, Pelayo Perez-Piñeiro, and Montserrat Saco. "Characterization of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium from Marine Environments in Coastal Waters of Galicia (Spain)." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, no. 7 (July 2004): 4030–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.7.4030-4034.2004.

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ABSTRACT Twenty-three Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium isolates from marine environments were characterized by phage typing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis, plasmid analysis, and antibiotic resistance, and the distribution of the different types in the coastal waters were subsequently analyzed. Five phage types were identified among the isolates (PT41, PT135, PT99, DT104, and DT193). PT135 isolates were exclusively detected during the winter months from 1998 to 2000, whereas DT104 and PT41 isolates were detected exclusively in the summer months from 2000 to 2002. XbaI PFGE analysis revealed 9 PFGE types, and plasmid profiling identified 8 plasmid types (with 1 to 6 plasmids) among the isolates. Only three isolates presented multidrug resistance to antibiotics. Two DT104 isolates were resistant to 8 and 7 antibiotics (profiles ACCeFNaSSuT and ACeFNeSSuT), whereas a PT193 isolate presented resistance to 6 antibiotics (profile ACFSSu). In addition, four PT41 isolates were resistant to a single antibiotic. The detection of multidrug-resistant phage types DT104 and DT193 in shellfish emphasizes the importance of monitoring the presence of Salmonella in routine surveillance of live bivalve molluscs.
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Pyzik, E., and A. Marek. "Plasmid profile analysis and evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from table chicken eggs." Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences 16, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 307–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjvs-2013-0042.

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AbstractThe aim of this study was to isolate and characterize Staphylococcus aureus bacteria present on the shell surfaces and in the contents of chicken eggs, taking into account their phenotypic properties, antibiotic susceptibility patterns, and the presence of plasmid DNA. The study included 90 table chicken eggs from laying farms situated in the vicinity of Lublin. A total of 105 bacterial strains identified as Staphylococcus were isolated from the material, of which 18 (17.14%) were of the species Staphylococcus aureus. All 18 S. aureus strains were found to be resistant to at least one of the antibiotics tested, while some (55.55%) showed resistance to five or more of the 17 therapeutic agents. The greatest number of strains showed resistance to erythromycin (66.66%), tetracycline (66.66%), oxytetracycline (61.11%), penicillin G (50%), and amoxicillin (44.44%). The plasmid profile analysis of the S. aureus strains made it possible to evaluate the dependence between antibiotic susceptibility and the presence of plasmids in particular isolates. The results showed that plasmids in various quantities and of varying molecular weights were isolated from 17 of the strains. Most often isolated were small plasmids, of 5.6 kb - from 11 of the S. aureus strains (61.11%), 2.5 kb - from 9 strains (50%), 4.1 kb - from 8 (44.44%), and 4.6 kb - from 7 (38.88%) of the strains.
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Iyer, Radha, Ogori Kalu, Joye Purser, Steven Norris, Brian Stevenson, and Ira Schwartz. "Linear and Circular Plasmid Content in Borrelia burgdorferi Clinical Isolates." Infection and Immunity 71, no. 7 (July 2003): 3699–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.71.7.3699-3706.2003.

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ABSTRACT The genome of Borrelia burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of Lyme disease, is composed of a linear chromosome and more than 20 linear and circular plasmids. Typically, plasmid content analysis has been carried out by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and confirmed by Southern hybridization. However, multiple plasmids of virtually identical sizes (e.g., lp28 and cp32) complicate the interpretation of such data. The present study was undertaken to investigate the complete plasmid complements of B. burgdorferi clinical isolates cultivated from patients from a single region where early Lyme disease is endemic. A total of 21 isolates obtained from the skin biopsy or blood samples of Lyme disease patients were examined for their complete plasmid complements by Southern hybridization and plasmid-specific PCR analysis. All clinical isolates harbored at least six of the nine previously characterized cp32s. Fourteen isolates harbored all B31-like linear plasmids, and seven isolates simultaneously lacked lp56, lp38, and some segments of lp28-1. The distinctive plasmid profile observed in these seven isolates was specific to organisms that had ribosomal spacer type 2 and pulsed-field gel type A, which implies a clonal origin for this genotype. The presence of nearly identical complements of multiple linear and circular plasmids in all of the human isolates suggests that these plasmids may be particularly necessary for infection, adaptation, and/or maintenance in the infected host.
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PULIDO, RUBÉN PÉREZ, HIKMATE ABRIOUEL, NABIL BEN OMAR, ROSARIO LUCAS LÓPEZ, MAGDALENA MARTÍNEZ CAÑAMERO, and ANTONIO GÁLVEZ. "Plasmid Profile Patterns and Properties of Pediococci Isolated from Caper Fermentations." Journal of Food Protection 69, no. 5 (May 1, 2006): 1178–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-69.5.1178.

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A collection comprising 14 isolates of Pediococcus pentosaceus and one Pediococcus acidilactici from the fermentation of caper fruits was studied. All isolates showed very similar fermentation profiles and produced a limited number of exoenzymes. All isolates carried large plasmids of diverse sizes between 20 and 55 kb, while some also contained smaller plasmids between 10 and 16 kb. Cluster analysis of plasmid profiles revealed four main groups with various degrees of similarities. All amino acid decarboxylation tests were negative, suggesting that pediococci are not involved in generation of biogenic amines. None of the isolates showed hemolytic activity. Antimicrobial resistance tests revealed that all isolates were sensitive to 11 different antimicrobials while being resistant to ciprofloxacin (MIC ≥2 mg/liter) and intrinsically resistant to vancomycin (MIC ≥16 mg/liter) and teicoplanin (MIC ≥16 mg/liter).
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Hynes, Michael F., and Michael P. O'Connell. "Host plant effect on competition among strains of Rhizobium leguminosarum." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 36, no. 12 (December 1, 1990): 864–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m90-150.

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Analysis of plasmid profiles was used to type Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae strains isolated from nodules of peas, lentils and faba beans grown in two different soils. One soil was from a native pasture with no previous history of cultivation, the other was from a plot in a rotation study which included lentils every 2 years. The results indicated a strong preference of both peas and faba beans for strains having certain specific plasmid profiles. Strains belonging to one plasmid profile group (group 2) formed over half the nodules on peas grown in soil from the rotation plot but were never found on faba beans grown in the same soil, while strains from another group (group 5) formed nearly all of the nodules on faba beans grown in soil from the rotation plot, but no nodules on peas. Competitiveness for pea nodulation was correlated with an ability to catabolize homoserine, an amino acid found in large quantities in pea root exudate. Strains having plasmid profiles corresponding to those of strains that have been used in commercial inoculants over the last few years were isolated only rarely, regardless of the soil and host plant studied. Key words: Rhizobium, competition, plasmids, legumes, nodulation.
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Zhao, J., and T. Aoki. "Plasmid Profile Analysis ofPasteurella piscicidaand Use of a Plasmid DNA Probe to Identify the Species." Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 4, no. 3 (September 1992): 198–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8667(1992)004<0198:ppaopp>2.3.co;2.

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31

Ruzic-Sabljic, Eva, Franc Strle, Stanka Lotric-Furlan, Joze Cimperman, and Vera Maraspin. "Linear plasmid profile analysis of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato strains." Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie 289, no. 5-7 (December 1999): 740–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0934-8840(99)80046-2.

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32

Mukherjee, S., and V. P. Singh. "Plasmid Profile and Virulence Analysis ofSalmonella Entertidis(Indian Poultry Isolates)." Journal of Applied Animal Research 14, no. 1 (September 1998): 99–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09712119.1998.9706222.

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33

Rumschlag, Hella S., and John R. Boyce. "Plasmid profile analysis of salmonellae in a large-animal hospital." Veterinary Microbiology 13, no. 4 (April 1987): 301–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1135(87)90061-7.

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34

Hunter, J. E. B., M. Bennett, C. A. Hart, J. C. Shelley, and J. R. Walton. "Apramycin-resistantEscherichia coliisolated from pigs and a stockman." Epidemiology and Infection 112, no. 3 (June 1994): 473–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800051177.

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SUMMARYEscherichia coliserotype O147:K89:K88a,c was found to be associated with outbreaks of diarrhoea in preweaner pigs of up to 4 weeks of age on a pig unit. Resistance to apramycin, gentamicin, netilmicin, tobramycin and other antibiotics was associated with conjugative plasmids of approximately 62 kb. The presence of a gene which encoded for the aminoglycoside acetyltransferase enzyme AAC(3)IV was confirmed by DNA hybridization.Samples collected during the following 12 months revealed widespread dissemination of these resistance plasmids in non-serotypable, non-haemolyticE. colithroughout the farm. Apramycin-resistantE. coliwere also isolated from a stockman and it appeared from plasmid profile analysis and antibiotic sensitivity testing that the human isolates carried the same plasmid as that carried by the porcineE. coli.Klebsiella pneumoniae, with a slightly smaller conjugative plasmid and similar resistance pattern, was isolated from the stockman's wife.
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35

Horsman, Gregory B., Leslie MacMillan Yuri, Amatnieks Oretta RifKin, and Stephen I. Vas. "Plasmid Profile and Slime Analysis of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci from Capd Patients with Peritonitis." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 6, no. 4 (October 1986): 195–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089686088600600408.

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Little is known about the epidemiology of infections causing peritonitis in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). The commonest cause, coagulase-negative staphylococci (C-NS), are normal skin flora. The main source is thought to be organisms from the patient's own skin or environment. Using plasmid profiles as an epidemiological marker, the authors identified cases in which surveillance skin cultures taken just before an episode of peritonitis were identical to those isolated from the effluent. On comparing the plasmid profiles from the effluent of patients who had multiple episodes over eight weeks, they identified two patterns. One group had different plasmid profiles between episodes of infection. The second group (the majority of the cases) had identical plasmid profiles between the initial episode and the second which occurred between 10 days and four weeks after stopping antibiotics. This suggests that, in most cases of recurrent infection studied, the second episode represented a reinfection or recurrence with the same organism (as the initial episode). Slime production did not discriminate those patients who would develop recurring peritonitis.
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36

Moro Dauphin Dighitoghi. "Cultural, serotyping and plasmid profile of Salmonellae in Lagos, Nigeria." GSC Advanced Research and Reviews 7, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2021.7.1.0079.

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Problems associated with typhoid fever epidemic about its diagnosis in developing countries like Nigeria is a perennial healthcare challenge the healthcare sector grapples with. Improper diagnosis of clinical cases have also led to treatment failure and errors as diseases caused by other microorganisms are treated as typhoid fever especially as a result of inadequate reliable diagnostic laboratories. A total of 3,000 stool specimens from patients were analyzed using standard microbiological techniques. Of this, 1,391 Salmonella spp. were recovered, constituting 233 (88.14%) S. typhi while 158 (11.36%) were non-typhoidal Salmonella. S. typhi was recovered from more females, 685(55.6%), than males, 548 (44.4%). The 41 and above age group had the highest incidence of S. typhi of 220(17.8%) in females as against 280 (22.7%) in males within the 21-30 age group. Antibiotic susceptibility testing using the disc diffusion method by Kirby Bauer showed high multiple resistance to most of the 15 different antibiotics tested but susceptible to the first line typhoid fever drugs (chloramphenicol 85%, cotrimoxazole 86.7%, ampicillin 88.3% and amoxicillin 90%) and highly susceptible to third generation cephalosporins and fourth generation fluoroquinolones. The S. typhi tested showed four different resistance patterns. Plasmid profile analysis of 200 multiple antibiotic resistant Salmonella isolates identified culturally and biochemically as S. typhi but by serotyping showed Salmonella other than S. typhi were erroneously classified as S. typhi. Majority of the S. typhi harbored mostly small sized plasmids which ranged from 2.2 Kb to 55.5 Kb. It can be deduced from this study that multiple drug resistance in S. typhi is likely to be plasmid mediated. The eleven antibiotic resistance patterns were reduced to eight plasmid clones indicating the diagnostic efficacy of plasmid profiling over the former method.
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37

Hirt, Helmut, Dawn A. Manias, Edward M. Bryan, Joanna R. Klein, Jesper K. Marklund, Jack H. Staddon, Michael L. Paustian, Vivek Kapur, and Gary M. Dunny. "Characterization of the Pheromone Response of the Enterococcus faecalis Conjugative Plasmid pCF10: Complete Sequence and Comparative Analysis of the Transcriptional and Phenotypic Responses of pCF10-Containing Cells to Pheromone Induction." Journal of Bacteriology 187, no. 3 (February 1, 2005): 1044–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.187.3.1044-1054.2005.

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ABSTRACT The sex pheromone plasmids in Enterococcus faecalis are one of the most efficient conjugative plasmid transfer systems known in bacteria. Plasmid transfer rates can reach or exceed 10−1 transconjugants per donor in vivo and under laboratory conditions. We report the completion of the DNA sequence of plasmid pCF10 and the analysis of the transcription profile of plasmid genes, relative to conjugative transfer ability following pheromone induction. These experiments employed a mini-microarray containing all 57 open reading frames of pCF10 and a set of selected chromosomal genes. A clear peak of transcription activity was observed 30 to 60 min after pheromone addition, with transcription subsiding 2 h after pheromone induction. The transcript activity correlated with the ability of donor cells to transfer pCF10 to recipient cells. Remarkably, aggregation substance (Asc10, encoded by the prgB gene) was present on the cell surface for a long period of time after pheromone-induced transcription of prgB and plasmid transfer ability had ceased. This observation could have relevance for the virulence of E. faecalis.
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Fantasia, M., N. Ricci, A. Manuppella, A. Martini, E. Filetici, and T. Laurelli. "Phage type and DNA plasmid profile ofSalmonella typhimuriumisolates in the area of Isernia, Italy." Epidemiology and Infection 105, no. 2 (October 1990): 317–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800047919.

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SUMMARYThirty-eightSalmonella typhimuriumstrains isolated from December 1987 to March 1988 in Isernia, Central Italy, were characterized on the basis of their phage type, resistance to antimicrobials and plasmid profiles. According to their phage types, the isolates could be assigned to one of six groups, the prevalent one being PT 195 which accounted for 73·6% of isolates.On the basis of their plasmid content, the isolates could be assigned to one of ten groups. The prevalent plasmid profile (60·0; 6·0; 4·3; 4·0; 3·2 megadaltons) was found in 60·4% of isolates.All the isolates from a particular food (salsicce), and as most of isolates from humans who had consumed this food belonged to phage type 195 and were of the same plasmid profile.The combined use of phage typing and DNA plasmid analysis proved to be a useful tool in identifying epidemiologically related isolates in this investigation.
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Wagle, Ram, Rajendra Timilsina, Rojesh Thapa, Nabaraj Adhikari, Upendra Thapa Shrestha, Suresh Jaiswal, and Bishnu Raj Tiwari. "Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern and Plasmid Profile Of Urinary Tract Infection Isolates among Children Below 10 Years Of Age." Journal of Health and Allied Sciences 5, no. 1 (November 21, 2019): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.37107/jhas.37.

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Urinary tract infection (UTI) is defined as colonization of pathogen anywhere along the urinary tract. UTI has been classified by site of infection as Upper urinary tract infection and lower urinary tract infection and by severity as Complicated and uncomplicated UTI. This community based cross sectional study was conducted to determine the Antibiotic sensitivity pattern and plasmid profile of most prevalent urinary tract infection isolates among children below 10 years of age, from December 2013 to February 2014. Among the total 800 sample collected from the community 390(48.8%) were female and 410(51.2%) were male. The prevalence rate was found to be 44(5.5%) of total cases and was statistically significant (p<0.05). Among significant growth, 15(1.9%) and 29(3.6%) were male and female respectively (p<0.05). Out of 44 total isolates frequency of Escherichia coli (E. coli) was 20 followed by Staphylococcus aureus(12), which accounted for 45.5% and 27.3% respectively. Remaining were Pseudomonas(11.4%), Klebsiella(11.4%), Proteus(2.3%)and Citrobacter sps.(2.3%). Tobramycin(100%) and Amikacin(97.73%) were found to be the most sensitive antibiotics followed by Chloramphenicol(93.18%), Imipenem(90.91%) and Ciprofloxacin(75%) respectively.Out of 20 E. coli isolates, no plasmid was seen in 7(35%) while 8(40%) showed single plasmid which was present in 8 isolates. Plasmid copy number of 2, 3 and 4 were displayed by 2(10%), 2(10%) and 1(5%) of the isolates respectively. A common (>21 kilobases) plasmid was the most common among isolates under study. This study revealed that E. coli was the most prevalent organism causing community acquired pediatric UTI. Antibiotics that are commonly used for the management of UTI and other cases are being more resistant i.e., Ampicillin. Plasmid analysis showed the presence of plasmids in resistant E. coli isolates that might harbor resistant genes. So that further analysis is required for the detection of responsible genes. Key words: Antibiotic sensitivity pattern, Plasmid profile, Urinary tract infection
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40

Khan, M. F. R., M. B. Rahman ., M. S. R. Khan ., K. H. M. N. H. Nazir ., and M. Rahman . "Antibiogram and Plasmid Profile Analysis of Isolated Poultry Salmonella of Bangladesh." Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 8, no. 11 (October 15, 2005): 1614–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2005.1614.1619.

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41

Raja, C. Edward, and G. S. Selvam. "Plasmid profile and curing analysis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa as metal resistant." International Journal of Environmental Science & Technology 6, no. 2 (March 2009): 259–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03327630.

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42

DUTTA, S., K. RAJENDRAN, S. ROY, A. CHATTERJEE, P. DUTTA, G. B. NAIR, S. K. BHATTACHARYA, and S.-I. YOSHIDA. "Shifting serotypes, plasmid profile analysis and antimicrobial resistance pattern of shigellae strains isolated from Kolkata, India during 1995–2000." Epidemiology and Infection 129, no. 2 (October 2002): 235–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268802007240.

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One hundred and sixty-six shigellae strains, isolated from stool samples of paediatric patients (<5 years old) at a Childrens' Hospital in Kolkata, India during the period of 1995–2000 were examined for serotyping, drug resistance pattern and plasmid profiles. Sh. flexneri (58%) was found to be commonest isolate of total shigellae, followed by Sh. sonnei (28%), Sh. boydii (9%) and Sh. dysenteriae (5%). This profile of species was in sharp contrast to the picture obtained before 1995, when Sh. dysenteriae 1 predominated over Sh. flexneri. In Sh. flexneri strains, Sh. flexneri 2a (35%) was the most prevalent serotype, following Sh. flexneri 3a (31%), Sh. flexneri 6 (14%), Sh. flexneri 2b (11%) and Sh. flexneri 4 (9%). Resistance patterns of the strains to 12 commonly used antimicrobial agents and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the antibiotics were also tested. All strains were found uniformly susceptible to norfloxacin, but more than 90% strains were resistant to tetracycline, co-trimoxazole and 67% strains were resistant to ampicillin. Resistance to amoxicillin, chloramphenicol and nalidixic acid was found in 55% (range 45–74%), 46% (range 40–60%) and 29% (range 15–40%) strains respectively. Overall, shigellae strains showed statistically significant increase in resistance against tetracycline, nalidixic acid and furazolidone (P<0.05) over the years of this study. This indicates decreased efficacy of furazolidone, cotrimoxazole and nalidixic acid for the empirical treatment of shigellosis in Kolkata. Although a few strains showed intermediate susceptibility to ciprofloxacin (4%) and cefotaxime (10%) by disk diffusion test, but the MICs of those antibiotics were within the normal limits. Almost 57% of the strains were resistant to four or more drugs with high MICs of the antibiotics. Plasmid profile analysis revealed presence of large plasmid of 220 kb in majority of the strains except in Sh. sonnei and a correlation between presence of smaller plasmids and shigellae serotypes. Hence this study reports epidemiological change of shigellae species in Kolkata, India with regard to serotypes and antibiotic resistance patterns.
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43

DD Moro. "Antibiotic susceptibility pattern and plasmid profiles of nasal staphylococci from apparently healthy Nigerians." World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences 6, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 019–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjbphs.2021.6.1.0035.

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A total of 480 nasal samples from apparently healthy Nigerian students were collected aseptically and analyzed bacteriologically. Staphylococci were recovered from 432 (90%) of the subjects, constituting 288 (66.7%) and 144 (33.3%) of S. aureus and S. epidermidis respectively. The in-vitro antibiotic susceptibility testing using the disc diffusion technique showed high multiple resistance to the most commonly used antibiotics by Staphylococcus aureus such as penicillin (98.6%), ampicillin (97.2%), tetracycline (95.8%) and streptomycin (84.7%), but less resistance to erythromycin (9.7%), rocephin (8.3%), peflacin (4.2%) respectively. The S. epidermis showed less resistance to all the antibiotics tested. Sixty percent of S. aureus harbored plasmids which molecular sizes ranged from 0.1 to 12.0 kilobases. The high prevalence of multiple antibiotic resistance appear to be plasmid mediated as plasmid profile analysis showed that about 90% of S. aureus harbored plasmids
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44

Odeyemi, Adebowale, Olusola Oluwole, Adewole Adebayo, and Seyifunmi Iseyemi. "Plasmid Profile of Multiple Antibiotics Resistant (mar) Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Water Samples from Ebira Communities in Ekiti South Senatorial District." International Journal of Biological Research 4, no. 2 (November 24, 2016): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijbr.v4i2.6867.

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Plasmid curing of microbes and physicochemical analysis of water samples obtained from Ebira communities in six local governments in Ekiti South Senatorial District were analyzed. Antibiotic sensitivity and profile of bacterial isolates were analyzed using pour plating, disk diffusion method and gel electrophoresis techniques respectively while the plasmid were cured using acridine orange. The mean total bacterial count of the water samples collected from these six different local governments at different time ranged from 2.08 x 105 to 6.0 x 106 CFU/ml; the mean total coliform count ranged from 2.41 x 105 to 3.75 x 106 CFU/ml and the mean total Escherichia coli count (TEC) ranged from 1.53 x 105 to 3.45 x 105 CFU/ml. Total of 152 bacteria were recovered with E.coli having the highest distribution of 35% while Serratia marcensens had the least distribution of 0.7%. The highest antibiotic resistance of 100% was recorded against ceftazidine but only 17% of the isolates were resistant to gentamicin. About 56% of 34 selected MAR isolates carried plasmid(s) with high molecular weight ranging from 5.64Kbp to 23.13Kbp. Antibiotic resistance pattern and plasmids profile of selected MAR E.coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus prior to and after curing showed that Pseudomonas aeruginosa became susceptible to augmentin and Staphylococcus aureus also became susceptible to ceftriazole while E. coli still maintained the earlier resistant pattern. The plasmid profiling of these isolates after curing indicated the lost of plasmids in each of the isolates. Present study however implicated the incidence of MAR bacteria in the sources of water in Ekiti-South Senatorial district as a serious health challenge, and confirmed the potential of acridine orange for plasmid curing.
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Guedda, Intissar, Bernard Taminiau, Asma Ferjani, Jalel Boukadida, Sophie Bertrand, and Georges Daube. "Antimicrobial and molecular analysis of Salmonella serovar Livingstone strains isolated from humans in Tunisia and Belgium." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 8, no. 08 (August 13, 2014): 973–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.3989.

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Introduction: Salmonella Livingstone is one of the most common serotypes responsible for nosocomial outbreaks in Tunisia. In this study, 42 isolates of Salmonella Livingstone were analyzed. Most of these were isolated from humans (31 strains from Tunisia and 9 strains from Belgium) and 2 isolates came from food products (beef and pork). Methodology: All strains were characterized by antibiogram, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and virulotyping. This last technique was carried out by simple PCR of five chromosomal genes (agfA, hin/H2, iroB, phoP/Q, and slyA) and two plasmid genes (spvA and spvC). Results: All Tunisian strains were resistant to amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ticarcillin, cefalotin, gentamicin, and kanamycin. They were also resistant to third-generation cephalosporin antibiotics (cefotaxim and ceftazidim). Belgian isolates were susceptible to all antibiotics tested. Further to MLST analyses, Tunisian strains belonged to the same sequence type, ST543. For Belgian isolates, eight strains had a ST543 profile, two strains had a ST638 profile, and one strain had a ST457 profile. Analyses of the virulence gene contents showed that strains isolated in different years and from different origins had the same virulence profile. These carried all five chromosomal genes and lacked plasmid-located virulence genes spvA and spvC. Conclusions: A combination of different typing methods showed that the majority of Belgian strains and all Tunisian strains were closely related; they belonged to the same sequence type (ST543) and had the same virulence profile, but different antibiotic resistance profiles depended on the country of origin.
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46

Heiden, Stefan E., Katharina Sydow, Stephan Schaefer, Ingo Klempien, Veronika Balau, Peter Bauer, Nils-Olaf Hübner, and Katharina Schaufler. "Nearly Identical Plasmids Encoding VIM-1 and Mercury Resistance in Enterobacteriaceae from North-Eastern Germany." Microorganisms 9, no. 7 (June 22, 2021): 1345. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9071345.

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The emergence of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae limits therapeutic options and presents a major public health problem. Resistances to carbapenems are mostly conveyed by metallo-beta-lactamases (MBL) including VIM, which are often encoded on resistance plasmids. We characterized four VIM-positive isolates that were obtained as part of a routine diagnostic screening from two laboratories in north-eastern Germany between June and August 2020. Whole-genome sequencing was performed to address (a) phylogenetic properties, (b) plasmid content, and (c) resistance gene carriage. In addition, we performed phenotypic antibiotic and mercury resistance analyses. The genomic analysis revealed three different bacterial species including C. freundii, E. coli and K. oxytoca with four different sequence types. All isolates were geno- and phenotypically multidrug-resistant (MDR) and the phenotypic profile was explained by the underlying resistance gene content. Three isolates of four carried nearly identical VIM-1-resistance plasmids, which in addition encoded a mercury resistance operon and showed some similarity to two publicly available plasmid sequences from sources other than the two laboratories above. Our results highlight the circulation of a nearly identical IncN-type VIM-1-resistance plasmid in different Enterobacteriaceae in north-eastern Germany.
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47

NA-UBOL, M., S. SAMOSORNSUK, L. VON SEIDLEIN, P. TAPCHAISRI, M. ALI, J. D. CLEMENS, and W. CHAICUMPA. "Molecular characteristics of Shigella spp. isolated from patients with diarrhoea in a new industrialized area of Thailand." Epidemiology and Infection 134, no. 5 (January 26, 2006): 997–1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268806005899.

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In this study, we used plasmid profile analysis, XbaI macrorestriction with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and PCR of the ipaH gene, to study the molecular characteristics of 183 Shigella spp. isolated during May 2000 to April 2003 from rectal swabs of patients with watery and/or bloody diarrhoea in a new industrialized area of Thailand. Among the 183 isolates, 167 were S. sonnei and 16 were S. flexneri. For plasmid profile analysis, the 183 isolates revealed 16 different plasmid patterns, designated patterns A to P. The sizes of the plasmid bands were: 6, 5·5, 5, 4·5, 4, 3·25, 2·75, 2·5, 2, 1·75, 1·5 and/or 1·25 kb. The frequency of each plasmid band was 4·5 kb (165 isolates), 3·25 kb (161 isolates), 5·5 kb (129 isolates), 1·75 kb (121 isolates), 1·5 kb (35 isolates), 5 kb (21 isolates), 2 kb (16 isolates), 2·75 kb (12 isolates), 1·25 kb (9 isolates), and 6 kb (8 isolates). PFGE analysis revealed 45 different XbaI macrorestricted DNA banding patterns which could be grouped into 11 groups. All the isolates gave PCR amplicons of the ipaH gene. Plasmid profile analysis and PFGE are powerful tools for differentiation of the Shigella spp. This study provides important data on the molecular characteristics of Shigella isolates in Thailand, which could be useful as an epidemiological baseline for identifying relationships with strains that may emerge in the future.
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Franklin, ANDERS, TOMMY Linne, and VERENA Rehbinder. "Plasmid profile analysis and restriction enzyme fingerprinting of Salmonella DO-group strains." APMIS 98, no. 7-12 (July 1990): 665–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1699-0463.1990.tb04986.x.

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49

Appuhamy, S., J. C. Low, J. G. Coote, and R. Parton. "PCR methods and plasmid profile analysis for characterisation of Histophilus ovis strains." Journal of Medical Microbiology 47, no. 11 (November 1, 1998): 987–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/00222615-47-11-987.

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50

Baggesen, D. L., D. Sandvang, and F. M. Aarestrup. "Characterization of Salmonella entericaSerovar Typhimurium DT104 Isolated from Denmark and Comparison with Isolates from Europe and the United States." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 38, no. 4 (2000): 1581–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.38.4.1581-1586.2000.

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A total of 136 isolates of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium DT104 from Denmark (n = 93), Germany (n = 10), Italy (n = 4), Spain (n = 5), and the United Kingdom (n = 9) were characterized by antimicrobial resistance analysis, plasmid profiling, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) with the restriction enzymes XbaI and BlnI, and analysis for the presence of integrons and antibiotic resistance genes. The isolates from Denmark were from nine pig herds, while the isolates from other countries were both of animal and of human origin. All but 10 isolates were resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, spectinomycin, streptomycin, sulfonamides, and tetracycline. Five isolates from the United Kingdom and Spain were sensitive to all antibiotics examined, whereas four isolates from the United Kingdom and the United States were also resistant to one or more of the antibiotics, namely, gentamicin, neomycin, and trimethoprim. All but two strains had the same PFGE profiles when the XbaI restriction enzyme was used, while seven different profiles were observed when theBlnI restriction enzyme was used. Different dominatingBlnI types were observed among European isolates compared with the types observed among those from the United States. All the isolates harbored common 95-kb plasmids either alone or in combination with smaller plasmids, and a total of 11 different plasmid profiles were observed. Furthermore, all but one of the multidrug-resistant isolates contained two integrons, ant (3")-Ia andpse-1. Sensitive isolates contained no integrons, and isolates that were resistant to spectinomycin, streptomycin, and sulfonamides had only one integron containing ant (3")-Ia. When restriction enzyme BlnI was used, the 14 isolates from one of the nine herds in Denmark showed unique profiles, whereas isolates from the remaining herds were homogeneous. Among isolates from seven of nine herds, the same plasmid profile (95 kb) was observed, but isolates from two herds had different profiles. Thus, either PFGE (withBlnI) or plasmid profiling could distinguish isolates from three of nine pig herds in Denmark. The epidemiological markers (antimicrobial susceptibility testing, plasmid profiling, and PFGE) applied demonstrated high in vivo stability in the Danish herds. This may indicate that some different strains of multidrug-resistantS. enterica serovar Typhimurium DT104 have been introduced into Danish food animal herds. The presence of isolates from six different countries with similar profiles by PFGE with XbaI and highly homogeneous profiles by PFGE with BlnI indicate that multidrug-resistant S. enterica serovar Typhimurium DT104 has probably been spread clonally in these countries. However, some minor variation could be observed by using plasmid profiling and profiling by PFGE with BlnI. Thus, a more sensitive technique for subtyping of strains of DT104 and a broader investigation may help in elucidating the epidemiological spread of DT104 in different parts of the world.
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