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Academic literature on the topic 'Plasmodium falciparum – Génétique'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Plasmodium falciparum – Génétique"
Ben, Abderrazak Souha. "Variabilité génétique des populations de "Plasmodium falciparum"." Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20013.
Full textRoetynck, Sophie Virginie. "Cellules natural Killer et infection par Plasmodium falciparum." Aix-Marseille 2, 2006. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2006AIX22081.pdf.
Full textImmune response against Plasmodium falciparum, a causative agent of human malaria, is the result of several thousand years of co-evolution between the parasite and its host. Natural killer (NK) cells are innate cytolytic lymphocytes that produce proinflammatory cytokines in response to infection. In both mouse and human models of malaria, NK cells appear to be a major source of IFN- during the early phase of infection. Here we dissect the cellular and molecular requirements as well as the functional consequences of NK cell activation during this infection. Our study documents a selective interaction between NK cells and macrophages during parasite infection for the production of IFN-. In addition, our results support a role for NK cell cytokines in the recruitment and the activation of other cells during the course of infection. If our work does not provide any definitive result, it offers a strong basis for a new way of research in NK cell biology
Ariey, Frédéric. "Contribution à l'étude de la génétique des populations de Plasmodium falciparum." Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA066576.
Full textMeurice, Edwige. "Caractérisation de deux facteurs transcriptionnels putatifs de Plasmodium falciparum, PfTAF7 et PfTAF10." Lille 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LIL10165.
Full textYéra, Hélène. "Etude des superoxydes dismutases à fer (FeSOD1) des Apicomplexa Plasmodium falciparum et Toxoplasma gondii." Lille 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2005LIL2S046.
Full textDuring their development at the man, Plasmodium and Toxoplasma undergo an oxidative stress which can involve a lethal effect. To defed themself, they have an antioxydant system, primarily made up of enzymes such as te superoxyde dismutase (SOD). Contrary to the others eucaryotes which have two SOD, a mitochondrial SOD with manganese and a cytosolic SOD with copper-zinc, many protists have one or more SOD with iron (FeSOD). This specificity makes it possible to regard FeSOD of the pathogenic protists as a potential therapeutic target. It thus appears important to characterize these enzymes, to study their function, their regulation and their polymorphism. We studied the cytosolic FeSOD1 of Plasmodium falciparum and Toxoplasma gondii. The study of the regulation of the gene PfsodB1 of P. Falciparum was approached by the analysis of potential regulating sequences of the type fur box, of the role of the flanking regions 5’ and 3’ in the transcription of gene and the influence of external factors. The study of the function of the enzyme by inactivation of the gene or production of an antisens ARNm did not lead to the obtention of null viable mutants or expressing the antisens. The polymorphism of the TgsodB1 de T. Gondii was studied from isolates of various origins. Two different genotypes were observed and make it possible to distinguish two groups from parasites, one corresponding to the virulent isolates in the mouse and the other with the nonvirulent isolates mainly in the mouse. A variation of the gene was observed according to the genotypes and the conditions of culture of the parasites. The enzyme was conserved, no critical change for its activity or its stability is not highlighted
Derhy, Zakia. "Analyse biochimique et moléculaire d'une zinc-aminopeptidase du Plasmodium falciparum, agent du paludisme." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MNHN0033.
Full textHazoumé, Adonis. "Contribution à l’étude de l’ARN polymérase II de Plasmodium falciparum." Strasbourg 1, 2008. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2008/HAZOUME_Adonis_2008.pdf.
Full textThe parasite Plasmodium falciparum is the causative agent of the most burdensome form of human malaria. His RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) is responsible for transcription of protein coding genes. The sequencing of the full genome of the parasite enabled us to recover a complete set of genes sequences encoding the putative RNAPII subunits of the parasite. We have cloned those subunits by genetic reconstitution. We investigated the functional conservation of the Plasmodium RNAPII subunits using a genetic test in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The subunits PfRPB4-5-7-9 and 12 can complement defective yeast mutants. Those results demonstrate that those subunits are orthologs of yeast conterparts. We establish then some stable yeast strains expressing Plasmodium proteins. No interspecific complementation was observed for the subunits PfRPB3-6-8-10-11. We construct viable yeast strain where the residus implicated in the interaction of the mushrom toxin alpha-amanitin where substituted by their homologs in Plasmodium and human. We screen those strains with a chemical compounds library. We don’t find any drug enable to distinguish the modified strains from wild-type one. But this screen, consisting in a simple cellular test and easy to perform, could permit to identify drugs that inhibit the transcriptional activity of the parasite enzyme. Those chemical compounds will the fist step towards the discovery of a potential new class of antimalarials drugs. In this work, we also study the human RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) hRPB11a subunit. We performed an interaction analysis using the two hybrid-system in yeast. The results confirmed that hRPB11a was indeed capable of interacting with itself. We were able to crystallise the purified hRPB11a subunit. The X-ray diffraction patterns at 3,4 Å resolution allows to infer the structure of an homodimer of the hRPB11a protein
Steenkeste, Nicolas. "Approche génétique de l'environnement de Plasmodium Falciparum dans sa phase érythrocytaire au Rattanakiri." Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX20662.
Full textCambodia has the characteristic of being an endemic country for all four Plasmodium species pathogenic for human, as well as being characterised by high prevalence of red blood cell illnesses. Hemoglobin mutation, as hemoglobin E, and other G6PD deficiencies (Viangchan mutation) have been identified. In 2001, a national health policy against malaria has been set up in the North-East province of Cambodia, Rattanakiri. Such polity consists of: staff training (known as Village Malaria Worker) on the use of diagnostic rapid tests for malaria, the use of ACT, and the distribution of impregnated bednets. Our work consists of two transversal studies conducted in eight villages in such high endemic region, before and after the health policy took place (2001 and 2002 respectively). The present thesis work allowed us to set up a rapid molecular methodology for the diagnosis of Plasmodium infection on large scale, and the evaluation of DNA microarray use limits in such application. The use of this new molecular technique gave us the opportunity of better characterise Plasmodium infections in this isolated area of Cambodia, where they are much more frequent than shown by microscopy or rapid test. Moreover, our work highlighted the challenge of infection reduction by mass screening and treatment policy in Cambodia. Finally, the human genotyping study highlighted the high prevalence of hemoglobin E and, in some communities, G6PD Viangchan mutation. This last genetic abnormality could represent a problem for primaquine use without concurrent screening for G6PD deficiency
Tétard, Marilou. "Mechanisms associated to hemoglobinopathic protection against plasmodium falciparum malaria." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC257.
Full textMalaria protection conferred by hemoglobinopathies (HbS or HbC hemoglobin polymorphisms) is well established, but the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms remain largely unknown. One proposed protective mechanism involves the abnormal display of PfEMP1 on the surface of infected erythrocytes (IEs), and has been associated with reduced surface levels of PfEMP1 and knob density, in turn leading to decreased IEs binding to endothelial receptors.Adhesion of IEs to placental chondroitin sulfate A (CSA) is a central pathological process in placental (PM) malaria, predominantly operated by the VAR2CSA-PfEMP1. In a cohort study on pregnant women from Benin, we reported that HbAC but not HbAS maternal genotype is associated with higher new-born birthweight among women with PM. We examined the ability of VAR2CSA-expressing IEs grown in HbAS and HbAC erythrocytes to cytoadhere to CSA and assessed VAR2CSA surface expression. Although we observed a significant decrease of cytoadhesion, VAR2CSA surface expression was unchanged in the HbAS and HbAC erythrocytes. This suggested that VAR2CSA might be less functional in IEs derived from patients with hemoglobinopathies. We further initiated a differential transcriptomic analysis during asexual growth (10, 20, 30 and 40 h post-invasion) using high-throughput RNA sequencing of NF54 parasites expressing VAR2CSA grown in HbAA, HbAS or HbAC erythrocytes. Although, few genes were differentially transcribed between parasites grown in HbAA and HbAC red cells, a high number of genes were differentially transcribed between parasites grown in HbAA and HbAS. Overall, our study provides an important stepping-stone towards the understanding of protective mechanisms associated with hemoglobinopathies
Osta, Mike. "Caractérisation physique et fonctionnelle du promoteur du gène codant pour l'enzyme CDP-diacylglycérol synthase de Plasmodium falciparum." Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20008.
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