Academic literature on the topic 'Plasmolysis'

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Journal articles on the topic "Plasmolysis"

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Chitcholtan, Kenny, Elisa Harris, YuPing Yu, Chad Harland, and Ashley Garrill. "An investigation into plasmolysis in the oomycete Achlya bisexualis reveals that membrane–wall attachment points are sensitive to peptides containing the sequence RGD and that cell wall deposition can occur despite retraction of the protoplast." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 58, no. 10 (2012): 1212–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w2012-099.

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The structure and function of membrane–wall attachment sites in walled cells, and how these relate to animal focal adhesions, is an area that is poorly understood. In view of this, we investigated how membrane–wall attachments that form upon plasmolysis, respond to peptides that disrupt animal focal adhesions. The degree of cytoplasmic disruption during plasmolysis was also investigated. Upon hyperosmotic challenge, the protoplast in hyphae of the oomycete Achlya bisexualis typically retracted incompletely due to membrane–wall attachments. The inclusion, in the plasmolysing solution, of peptides containing the sequence RGD disrupted these attachments in a dose-dependent manner. In some hyphae, protoplast retraction stopped temporarily at attachment points — upon resumption of retraction, material was left that traced the outline of the static protoplast. Staining of this material with fluorescence brightener indicated the presence of cellulose, which suggests that wall deposition was able to occur despite plasmolysis. The F-actin cytoskeleton was disrupted during plasmolysis; peripheral F-actin staining was observed, but there was no distinct F-actin cap; staining was more diffuse; and there were fewer plaques compared with nonplasmolysed hyphae. Our data indicate that membrane–wall attachment points are sensitive to RGD-containing peptides and that wall deposition continues despite protoplast retraction and F-actin disruption.
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Kurkdjian, A., G. Leitz, P. Manigault, A. Harim, and K. O. Greulich. "Non-enzymatic access to the plasma membrane of Medicago root hairs by laser microsurgery." Journal of Cell Science 105, no. 1 (1993): 263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.105.1.263.

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Using UV laser microsurgery, the cell walls of root hairs from Medicago sativa (alfalfa) were perforated under plasmolysing conditions, giving direct access to the plasma membrane without enzyme treatment. The opening in the cell wall of a few micrometre in diameter results in immediate movement of the protoplasm and partial or complete extrusion of the cell contents. The movement of the protoplasm is retarded by increases in calcium concentration. The calcium-dependency of the movement of the protoplasm allows us to obtain preferentially the extrusion of protoplasm, or to gain access to a small area of plasma membrane in situ. The complete protoplasm can be expelled, to form a protoplast. Fluorescein diacetate staining indicated esterase activity and membrane integrity of the protoplasts. Microscopic examination revealed organelle movement and the presence of a nucleus. The plasma membrane was free from cell wall fragments, as shown by Tinopal staining. Conditions for obtaining plasmolysis without disturbing the physiology of the root hairs too much were achieved by slow, stepwise and reversible plasmolysis. Cytoplasmic streaming in root hairs was maintained during plasmolysis and laser microperforation. This laser technique should be suitable for the performance of electrophysiological studies using the patch-clamp technique on plasma membrane from non-enzyme-treated cells.
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Grimm, Eckhard, and Moritz Knoche. "Sweet Cherry Skin Has a Less Negative Osmotic Potential than the Flesh." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 140, no. 5 (2015): 472–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.140.5.472.

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The skin is the primary load-bearing structure in a sweet cherry fruit (Prunus avium L.). Failure of the skin in rain cracking is considered to be related to water uptake. Little is known of the skin’s water potential, its osmotic potential (ΨΠS), and turgor. The objective here was to quantify ΨΠS relative to the osmotic potential of the flesh (ΨΠF). Spatial resolution was achieved by monitoring plasmolysis in epidermal cells in tissue sections, incubated in selected osmotica using a light microscope method. Decreasing the osmotic potential [ΨΠ (more negative)] of the incubation medium increased the proportion (percent) of plasmolyzed epidermal cells. The pattern of increasing plasmolysis was sigmoidal with increasing osmolyte concentration. The value of ΨΠ for 50% of cells plasmolyzed, depended to some extent on the osmolyte used. The value of ΨΠ became slightly less negative for the osmolytes tested in the order: 1) mannitol, 2) sucrose, and 3) artificial cherry juice (a solution comprising the five major osmolytes of sweet cherry juice in the appropriate proportions and concentrations). There was little difference in the value of ΨΠ at 50% plasmolysis between the cultivars Hedelfinger, Sam, and Sweetheart. In all three cultivars, the value of ΨΠF (measured for expressed juice using an osmometer) was markedly more negative than that of ΨΠS (measured for 50% plasmolysis). Incubating skin segments in juice from the same fruit resulted in the plasmolysis of most (85.7% to 96.4%) of the epidermal cells. As fruit development progressed from stage II [27 day after full bloom (DAFB)] to the fully mature stage III (97 DAFB), plasmolysis occurred for increasingly more negative values of ΨΠ. Moreover, the difference between the osmotic potential values recorded for the flesh ΨΠF and for the skin ΨΠS increased. Plasmolysis of epidermal cells was accompanied by a marked swelling of their walls. The results indicate a marked difference in the osmotic potential of flesh (ΨΠF trended more negative) and skin cells (ΨΠS trended less negative).
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Lang, Ingeborg, Stefan Sassmann, Brigitte Schmidt, and George Komis. "Plasmolysis: Loss of Turgor and Beyond." Plants 3, no. 4 (2014): 583–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants3040583.

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Harant, Dominik, and Ingeborg Lang. "Stay in Touch—The Cortical ER of Moss Protonemata in Osmotic Stress Situations." Plants 9, no. 4 (2020): 421. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9040421.

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Plasmolysis is usually introduced to cell biology students as a tool to illustrate the plasma membrane: hypertonic solutions cause the living protoplast to shrink by osmotic water loss; hence, it detaches from the surrounding cell wall. What happens, however, with the subcellular structures in the cell cortex during this process of turgor loss? Here, we investigated the cortical endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in moss protonema cells of Physcomitrella patens in a cell line carrying a transgenic ER marker (GFP-HDEL). The plasma membrane was labelled simultaneously with the fluorescent dye FM4-64 to achieve structural separation. By placing the protonemata in a hypertonic mannitol solution (0.8 M), we were able to follow the behaviour of the cortical ER and the protoplast during plasmolysis by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The protoplast shape and structural changes of the ER were further examined after depolymerisation of actin microfilaments with latrunculin B (1 µM). In its natural state, the cortical ER is a dynamic network of fine tubes and cisternae underneath the plasma membrane. Under acute and long-term plasmolysis (up to 45 min), changes in the protoplast form and the cortical ER, as well as the formation of Hechtian strands and Hechtian reticula, were observed. The processing of the high-resolution z-scans allowed the creation of 3D models and gave detailed insight into the ER of living protonema cells before, during and after plasmolysis.
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Lefebvre, Daniel D., and David T. Clarkson. "High-affinity phosphate absorption is independent of the root cell wall in Pisum sativum." Canadian Journal of Botany 65, no. 7 (1987): 1504–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b87-207.

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The high affinity for phosphate influx by pea root cells was not significantly altered by osmotic shock, plasmolysis, or the preparation of free protoplasts. The Km of normal roots was 7.74 ± 2.14 μM. The Vmax for phosphate uptake was reduced to 64% by osmotic shock and to 38 and 23% by plasmolysis and protoplast isolation, respectively. Efflux analysis indicated that there was a concentration increase for phosphate in the root free space over that of the bathing solution. This apparent binding does not appear to be involved in the uptake affinity of phosphate.
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OPARKA, KARL J. "Plasmolysis: new insights into an old process." New Phytologist 126, no. 4 (1994): 571–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1994.tb02952.x.

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Rütten, Dorothea, and Kurt A. Santarius. "Cryoprotection of Plagiomnium affine induced by various natural and artificial substances." Canadian Journal of Botany 71, no. 6 (1993): 793–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b93-091.

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Greenhouse-grown shoots of Plagiomnium affine (Funck) Kop. were incubated in solutions of various potential cryoprotectants prior to freeze–thaw treatment. Sucrose uptake and release and plasmolysis studies indicated that the permeability of the plasma membrane of leaf cells for sugars, proline, and polyethylene glycols with average molecular weights of 400 (PEG-400) and 1000 (PEG-1000) was very low or insignificant, but that dimethylsulfoxide readily penetrated into the cytosol. Pretreatment of shoots at concentrations of these compounds that induced plasmolysis effectively increased the cryoprotection of the moss tissue. Obviously, damage of the plasma membrane by freeze–thaw treatment was avoided when compatible solutes reached a sufficient concentration either in the cytosol, outside the protoplast, or in both compartments. Pretreatment of shoots with hypertonic glycerol and PEG-4000 solutions also caused plasmolysis but did not prevent freeze–thaw damage. Efficient cryoprotection of moss thalli by various additives indicates that cryoprotective compounds could also play a role in acquisition of frost tolerance of bryophytes. Key words: cryoprotection, freezing, frost tolerance, permeation, photosynthesis, Plagiomnium affine, sucrose.
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Korber, D. R., A. Choi, G. M. Wolfaardt, and D. E. Caldwell. "Bacterial plasmolysis as a physical indicator of viability." Applied and environmental microbiology 62, no. 11 (1996): 3939–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.62.11.3939-3947.1996.

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Kayim, Mukaddes, and N. Kemal Koc. "Improved Transformation Efficiency in Citrus by Plasmolysis Treatment." Journal of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology 14, no. 1 (2005): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03263218.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Plasmolysis"

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Rehman, Fahad. "Simultaneous hydrogen generation and separation by plasmolysis." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/8428/.

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Liu, Yining. "Isopropyl alcohol dehydrogenation of CO2 by the utilisation of plasmolysis with fluidics." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/19864/.

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One of the greatest challenges currently faced by humanity is the evolution of global environmental trends. Evidence points to the increased greenhouse gas emissions generated by humans as the main cause of these changes. One possible solution to the reduction of CO2 emissions is the production of value-added products or precursors which can be used as the feedstock for the former. In this project, several methods are used to facilitate the hydrogenation of CO2 via reaction with isopropyl alcohol, which acts as a hydrogen source, for the production of formic acid/formate and acetone. Since CO2 is thermodynamically stable, microbubble technology and plasmolysis were hypothesised to reduce the activation energies, even though the literature has only the precedent of catalysis.
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Ghazanfar, Katrina. "BIOINFORMATIC ANALYSIS OF A MAMMALIAN BIP GENE FOR INSERTION INTO GREEN ALGAE AND COMPARISON OF ITS POSSIBLE EFFECTS ON THE SYNTHESIS OF A MAMMALIAN ANTIBODY." VCU Scholars Compass, 2004. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/36.

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This dissertation describes a study utilizing bioinformatics to analyze homologues of a molecular chaperone, glucose-regulated protein 78 (grp 78), also known as BiP. The selected homologous proteins originate from organisms of infinitely diverse genera. Comparisons of protein sequence yielded the first clues of a common ancestry among these proteins. Furthermore, protein molecular weights, isoelectric points, N-terminal amino acids and half-lives of a known homolog and a non-homologous protein were examined. Additionally, electroporation, a state-of-the-art plasmid insertion technique, was explored using Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a green alga, as the recipient of a parent plasmid, pSP124S. Distinctive hypertonic solutions and three separate field strengths were used in the plasmolysis of the cell wall of C. reinhardtii and subsequent electroporation, respectively. The number of transformants was tallied to evaluate which electroporation condition would yield the most transformed colonies. We had two discrete hypotheses: 1) that a structurally and functionally similar protein to glucose-regulated protein 78 exists across a wide spectrum of organisms and 2) that Chlamydomonas reinhardtii could be successfully transformed with pSP124S under certain electroporation conditions. The bioinformatics investigation revealed that analogous proteins to Human GRP 78 existed in Mus musculus (mouse), Rattus norvegicus (rat), Gallus domesticus (chicken), Gallus domesticus (chicken), Mesocricetus auratus (golden hamster), Bos taurus (cow), Xenopus laevis (frog), and Spinacia oleracea (spinach). Moreover, these homologous proteins more likely have a common evolutionary origin.
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Ojha, Krishna Raj. "Determination of Membrane Fluidity And Correlate Its Effect in Bulk Bacterial Cell Respiration." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1589628392050675.

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Bohne, Guido. "Ausgewählte Eigenschaften des Sporopollenins der Kiefer." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15590.

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Gegenstand der Arbeit sind Zusammenhänge zwischen physikochemischen Eigenschaften und Funktionen der Exine bei Ausbreitung, Bestäubung und Befruchtung. Dabei bewährte sich der Einsatz der 3-kammrigen Sporopolleninkapseln (Zentralkapsel und Sacci) in der Permeationschromatographie. Sowohl kinetisch bedingte chromatographische Dispersion kleiner Moleküle als auch Konzentrationsänderungen von Zuckern und Dextranmolekülen im Medium wurden zur Bestimmung von Permeabilitätskoeffizienten der Nexine genutzt. Die Wasserabsorptionskapazität von Exinefragmenten und die hydraulische Leitfähigkeit der Nexine wurden anhand von Konzentrationsänderungen ausgeschlossener Dextranmoleküle ermittelt. Das Tectum der saccalen Sexine ist eine Mikrofiltermembran mit scharfer Trenngrenze im Submikrometerbereich; daher werden an den Sacci nur Hydrokolloide mit Stokes''schen Radius über 100 nm (z.B. aus nativem Dextran) ausgeschlossen. Die Nexine ist eine nicht-ideale Umkehrosmose-Membran, die in Zucker- und Salzlösungen hohe Reflexionskoeffizienten zeigt; zusätzlich besitzt sie wenige große Poren, die den Austausch von Zuckern und selbst kleinen Polymermolekülen ermöglichen. Die hydraulische Leitfähigkeit der Nexine liegt im Größenbereich derjenigen von Plasmamembranen (0,39-0,48 µm s-1 MPa-1); die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Exine weder die Nährstoffaufnahme des Sporoplasten aus der lokulären Flüssigkeit noch dessen rasche Rehydratation in der Mikropyle behindert. Die Einfaltungen der distalen Nexine (oberhalb der Sacci) und die Omega-Faltung der Exine zwischen den Sacci (Leptom) bieten beim Quellvorgang Schutz vor zu schneller Flächenausdehnung der Plasmamembran. Der Corpus kann mit konzentrierten Elektrolytlösungen beladen werden. Beim anschließenden osmotischen Schwellen in Wasser reißt die Exine, und der Sporoplast wird mit anhaftender Intine ausgeschleudert. Wasser und andere polare Flüssigkeiten adhärieren stärker als hydrophobe Flüssigkeiten an Sporopollenin. Die Sporopolleninmatrix weist eine hohe Feststoffdichte auf, ist wenig quellfähig (0,18 mL g-1 TM) und deformationsstabil. Dies ermöglicht die Pulverbildung beim Trocknen.<br>Subject of this thesis are relationships between physicochemical properties and functions of the exine concerning propagation, pollination and fecundation. Here the application of the 3-chambered sporopollenin-microcapsules (central capsule and sacci) in permeation chromatography proved of value. Both the kinetically dependent dispersion of small molecules and changes in concentration of sugars and dextran molecules in the medium were analysed to determine permeability coefficients of the nexine. The water absorption capacity of exine fragments and the hydraulic conductance of the nexine were calculated by means of changes in concentrations of excluded dextran molecules. The tectum of the saccal sexine is a microfiltration membrane with a sharp cut off in the submicrometer range; thus hydrocolloids with Stokes´radii over 100 nm (e.g. from native dextran) are excluded from the sacci. The nexine is a non-ideal reverse osmosis membrane having high reflexion coefficients in sugar and salt solutions; in addition few large pores allow the exchange of sugars and even of small polymers. The hydraulic conductance of the nexine is in the range typically for plasmamembranes (0.39-0.48 µm s-1 MPa-1); the results indicate that the exine does neither obstruct the uptake of nutrients by the sporoplast from the locular fluid nor hinder the rapid rehydration in the micropyle. When rehydrating, the distal foldings of the nexine (above the sacci) and the omega-like folding of the exine between the sacci (leptom), provide protection for the plasmamembrane when its surface area has to increase too rapidly. The corpus can be loaded with a concentrated electrolyte solution. When subsequently transferred into water the exine rupture and the sporoplast along with the intact intine is ejected. Water and other polar liquids adhere stronger to sporopollenin than hydrophobic ones. The matrix of sporopollenin show a high density in its solid content, water absorption capacity is low (0.18 mL g-1 DM) and it is resistant to deformation. This enable the formation of powder while dehydrating.
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Bendáková, Hana. "Přízemní ozon jako jeden z faktorů oxidativního stresu v podmínkách horských lesů." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-298080.

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This study presents mountain forest Norway spruce (Picea abies) injured by surface ozone and oxidative stress. Norway spruce is not a sensitive species but it is the most representative tree in our country and this is the reason to pay attention on its injury. Study was connected to the ozone measurement by CHMI in Jizerske mountains. Aim of our study was to find influence of surface ozone on the forest and show correlation between ozone concentrations, altitude and Norway spruce injury. Ozone concentrations are growing with the altitude. Increasing percentage of injury with growing concentrations and altitude was expected. Needles were collected at the altitude 750-1100 meters. Collected needle years were 2006, 2007 and 2009. The 2009 year was not evaluated because no symptoms were found. Injury was observed on the maroscopical, microscopical and biochemical level. Visual injury was assessed by percentage of injured needle surface by chlorosis and necrosis. Microscopical analysis studied injury on cross and longitudinal sections of needles. On the longitudinal sections were visible typically bone-cells. These cells have lost its shape by ozone stress and were narrowed in its width. Bone-cells were best visible near the stomata. Four symptoms were observed on the cross sections: tannin...
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Book chapters on the topic "Plasmolysis"

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Gooch, Jan W. "Plasmolysis." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers. Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_14519.

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"Plasmolysis." In Encyclopedia of Genetics, Genomics, Proteomics and Informatics. Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6754-9_13001.

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Lee-Stadelmann, Ok Young, and Eduard J. Stadelmann. "[17] Plasmolysis and deplasmolysis." In Biomembranes Part U: Cellular and Subcellular Transport: Eukaryotic (Nonepithelial) Cells. Elsevier, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0076-6879(89)74020-9.

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Yudaev, Igor Viktorovich, Yuliia Daus, Ruslan Kokurin, Petr Victorovich Prokofyev, Varvara Gamaga, and Nikola Armenyanov. "Electro-Impulse Irreversible Plant Tissue Damage as Highly Efficient Agricultural Technology." In Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7573-3.ch015.

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The object of research in the chapter is the plant tissue of weeds, fruits, vegetables, melons, etc. The purpose of the presented research is to study the process of electro-impulsive irreversible damage of plant tissue as the basis for energy saving, efficient electro-technologies with minimal negative effects of chemical components on the environment and food products. The chapter presents the results of experiments carried out by the team of researchers that allowed it to determine the technological indices of the irreversible electro-impulse damage of plant tissue (weeds, fruits, vegetables, melons, etc.), which is the basis for developing the technology of electro-impulse destruction of weeds, electro-impulse plasmolysis of fruits and melons cultures. This research was conducted in the southern region of the country and combined the efforts of several scientific groups of researchers.
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Abdulaziz Othman Alkubaisi, Noorah, and Nagwa Mohammed Amin Aref. "Chloroplast and Mitochondria." In Atlas of Ultrastructure Interaction Proteome Between Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus and Gold Nanoparticles. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97440.

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Photosynthesis is a crucial process for plants on earth that changes light energy to chemical energy. Virus infection can cause dramatic photosynthesis changes: respiration and the translocation of carbohydrates and other substances around the host plant. Chlorosis in virus-infected leaves like Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus (BYDV- PAV).infection can result from damage to chloroplasts resulting from inhibition of photosynthetic activity. Our present study combines TEM and chlorophyll-level content in the presence of Gold nanoparticles (AuNPS) to explore the repair mechanism for the yellowing leaf symptom development caused by infection with BYDV- PAV by illustrating TEM micrographs; showing fragmentized grana, deformation of the myelin like bodies (MLB), many vesicles; osmiophilic lipid granules/plastoglobulus, starch body, and plasmolysis in the chloroplast, distribution of AuNPs &amp; VLPs near and inside the chloroplast. Mitochondria, Double-membrane-bound organelle, Distorted mitochondrion, Amorphous inclusion bodies.
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Conference papers on the topic "Plasmolysis"

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Gachovska, Tanya Kirilova, Michael Ngadi, Sylvester Oluka, and Vijaya Raghavan. "Electro-plasmolysis of alfalfa mash." In 2013 IEEE Pulsed Power and Plasma Science Conference (PPPS 2013). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ppc.2013.6627558.

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Gachovska, Tanya Kirilova, Michael Ngadi, Sylvester Oluka, and Vijaya Raghavan. "Electro-plasmolysis of Alfalfa mash." In 2013 IEEE 40th International Conference on Plasma Sciences (ICOPS). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/plasma.2013.6634813.

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van Rooij, Gerard, Dirk van den Bekerom, Niek den Harder, et al. "Co2 conversion by plasmolysis: A route to solar fuels." In 2016 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/plasma.2016.7533944.

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Yi, Wenlong, Yingding Zhao, Yingzhao Jiang, Deheng Zhao, and Hongyun Yang. "Computer Simulation of Plant Cell Plasmolysis Based on Physical and Mechanical Analyses." In 2020 IEEE Conference of Russian Young Researchers in Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EIConRus). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eiconrus49466.2020.9039139.

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