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1
Aussenegg, Franz, and Harald Ditlbacher. "Plasmonen als Lichttransporter: Nanooptik." Physik in unserer Zeit 37, no. 5 (September 2006): 220–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/piuz.200601102.
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Tao, Z. H., H. M. Dong, and Y. F. Duan. "Anomalous plasmon modes of single-layer MoS2." Modern Physics Letters B 33, no. 18 (June 26, 2019): 1950200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984919502002.
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The electronic plasmons of single layer MoS2 induced by different spin subbands owing to spin-orbit couplings (SOCs) are theoretically investigated. The study shows that two new and anomalous plasmonic modes can be achieved via inter-spin subband transitions around the Fermi level due to the SOCs. The plasmon modes are optic-like, which are very different from the plasmons reported recently in single-layer (SL) MoS2, and the other two-dimensional systems. The frequency of such plasmons ascends with the increasing of electron density or spin polarizability, and decreases with the increasing of wave vector. The promising plasmonic properties of SL MoS2 make it interesting for future applications in plasmonic and terahertz devices.
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Brooks, James L., Christopher L. Warkentin, Dayeeta Saha, Emily L. Keller, and Renee R. Frontiera. "Toward a mechanistic understanding of plasmon-mediated photocatalysis." Nanophotonics 7, no. 11 (August 29, 2018): 1697–724. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2018-0073.
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AbstractOne of the most exciting new developments in the plasmonic nanomaterials field is the discovery of their ability to mediate a number of photocatalytic reactions. Since the initial prediction of driving chemical reactions with plasmons in the 1980s, the field has rapidly expanded in recent years, demonstrating the ability of plasmons to drive chemical reactions, such as water splitting, ammonia generation, and CO2 reduction, among many other examples. Unfortunately, the efficiencies of these processes are currently suboptimal for practical widespread applications. The limitations in recorded outputs can be linked to the current lack of a knowledge pertaining to mechanisms of the partitioning of plasmonic energy after photoexcitation. Providing a descriptive and quantitative mechanism of the processes involved in driving plasmon-induced photochemical reactions, starting at the initial plasmon excitation, followed by hot carrier generation, energy transfer, and thermal effects, is critical for the advancement of the field as a whole. Here, we provide a mechanistic perspective on plasmonic photocatalysis by reviewing select experimental approaches. We focus on spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques that provide molecular-scale information on the processes that occur in the coupled molecular-plasmonic system after photoexcitation. To conclude, we evaluate several promising techniques for future applications in elucidating the mechanism of plasmon-mediated photocatalysis.
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Balevičius, Zigmas. "Strong Coupling between Tamm and Surface Plasmons for Advanced Optical Bio-Sensing." Coatings 10, no. 12 (December 5, 2020): 1187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10121187.
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The total internal reflection ellipsometry method was used to analyse the angular spectra of the hybrid Tamm and surface plasmon modes and to compare their results with those obtained using the conventional single SPR method. As such type of measurement is quite common in commercial SPR devices, more detailed attention was paid to the analysis of the p-polarization reflection intensity dependence. The conducted study showed that the presence of strong coupling in the hybrid plasmonic modes increases the sensitivity of the plasmonic-based sensors due to the reduced losses in the metal layer. The experimental results and analysis of the optical responses of three different plasmonic-based samples indicated that the optimized Tamm plasmons ΔRp(TP) and optimized surface plasmons ΔRp(SP) samples produce a response that is about five and six times greater than the conventional surface plasmon resonance ΔRp(SPR) in angular spectra. The sensitivity of the refractive index unit of the spectroscopic measurements for the optimized Tamm plasmon samples was 1.5 times higher than for conventional SPR, while for wavelength scanning, the SPR overcame the optimized TP by 1.5 times.
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Coello, Víctor, Cesar E. Garcia-Ortiz, and Manuel Garcia-Mendez. "Classical Plasmonics: Wave Propagation Control at Subwavelength Scale." Nano 10, no. 07 (October 2015): 1530005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292015300054.
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In this paper, surface plasmons polariton propagation and manipulation is reviewed in the context of experiments and modeling of optical images. We focus our attention in the interaction of surface plasmon polaritons with arrays of micro-scatereres and nanofabricated structures. Numerical simulations and experimental results of different plasmonic devices are presented. Plasmonic beam manipulation opens up numerous possibilities for application in biosensing, nanophotonics, and in general in the area of surface optics properties.
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Nishimura, Takuya, and Taiichi Otsuji. "TERAHERTZ POLARIZATION CONTROLLER BASED ON ELECTRONIC DISPERSION CONTROL OF 2D PLASMONS." International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 17, no. 03 (September 2007): 547–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156407004734.
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We numerically investigated the possibility of terahertz polarization controller based on electronic dispersion control of two dimensional (2D) plasmon gratings in semiconductor heterostructure material systems. Taking account of the Mikhailov's dispersive plasmonic conductivity model, the electromagnetic field emission properties of the gated 2D plasmon gratings were numerically analyzed with respect to the density (n) of electrons by using in-house Maxwell's FDTD (finite difference time domain method) simulator. When n is low under a constant drift-velocity condition, the fundamental plasmon mode is excited, being coupled with the radiative zeroth mode of transverse electric (TE) waves. When n exceeds a threshold level, the second harmonic mode of plasmon is predominantly excited, being coupled with the non-radiative first mode of TE waves. We numerically demonstrated that if a grating mesh of 2D plasmons is formed where two independent 2D plasmon gratings are combined orthogonally, the structure can act as a polarization controller by electronically controlling the two axial plasmonic dispersions.
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Dong, Jun, Zhenglong Zhang, Hairong Zheng, and Mentao Sun. "Recent Progress on Plasmon-Enhanced Fluorescence." Nanophotonics 4, no. 4 (December 30, 2015): 472–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2015-0028.
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AbstractThe optically generated collective electron density waves on metal–dielectric boundaries known as surface plasmons have been of great scientific interest since their discovery. Being electromagnetic waves on gold or silver nanoparticle’s surface, localised surface plasmons (LSP) can strongly enhance the electromagnetic field. These strong electromagnetic fields near the metal surfaces have been used in various applications like surface enhanced spectroscopy (SES), plasmonic lithography, plasmonic trapping of particles, and plasmonic catalysis. Resonant coupling of LSPs to fluorophore can strongly enhance the emission intensity, the angular distribution, and the polarisation of the emitted radiation and even the speed of radiative decay, which is so-called plasmon enhanced fluorescence (PEF). As a result, more and more reports on surface-enhanced fluorescence have appeared, such as SPASER-s, plasmon assisted lasing, single molecule fluorescence measurements, surface plasmoncoupled emission (SPCE) in biological sensing, optical orbit designs etc. In this review, we focus on recent advanced reports on plasmon-enhanced fluorescence (PEF). First, the mechanism of PEF and early results of enhanced fluorescence observed by metal nanostructure will be introduced. Then, the enhanced substrates, including periodical and nonperiodical nanostructure, will be discussed and the most important factor of the spacer between molecule and surface and wavelength dependence on PEF is demonstrated. Finally, the recent progress of tipenhanced fluorescence and PEF from the rare-earth doped up-conversion (UC) and down-conversion (DC) nanoparticles (NPs) are also commented upon. This review provides an introduction to fundamentals of PEF, illustrates the current progress in the design of metallic nanostructures for efficient fluorescence signal amplification that utilises propagating and localised surface plasmons.
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Genç, Aziz, Javier Patarroyo, Jordi Sancho-Parramon, Neus G. Bastús, Victor Puntes, and Jordi Arbiol. "Hollow metal nanostructures for enhanced plasmonics: synthesis, local plasmonic properties and applications." Nanophotonics 6, no. 1 (January 6, 2017): 193–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2016-0124.
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AbstractMetallic nanostructures have received great attention due to their ability to generate surface plasmon resonances, which are collective oscillations of conduction electrons of a material excited by an electromagnetic wave. Plasmonic metal nanostructures are able to localize and manipulate the light at the nanoscale and, therefore, are attractive building blocks for various emerging applications. In particular, hollow nanostructures are promising plasmonic materials as cavities are known to have better plasmonic properties than their solid counterparts thanks to the plasmon hybridization mechanism. The hybridization of the plasmons results in the enhancement of the plasmon fields along with more homogeneous distribution as well as the reduction of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) quenching due to absorption. In this review, we summarize the efforts on the synthesis of hollow metal nanostructures with an emphasis on the galvanic replacement reaction. In the second part of this review, we discuss the advancements on the characterization of plasmonic properties of hollow nanostructures, covering the single nanoparticle experiments, nanoscale characterization via electron energy-loss spectroscopy and modeling and simulation studies. Examples of the applications, i.e. sensing, surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy, photothermal ablation therapy of cancer, drug delivery or catalysis among others, where hollow nanostructures perform better than their solid counterparts, are also evaluated.
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Hu, Bin, Ying Zhang, and Qi Jie Wang. "Surface magneto plasmons and their applications in the infrared frequencies." Nanophotonics 4, no. 4 (November 6, 2015): 383–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2014-0026.
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Abstract Due to their promising properties, surface magneto plasmons have attracted great interests in the field of plasmonics recently. Apart from flexible modulation of the plasmonic properties by an external magnetic field, surface magneto plasmons also promise nonreciprocal effect and multi-bands of propagation, which can be applied into the design of integrated plasmonic devices for biosensing and telecommunication applications. In the visible frequencies, because it demands extremely strong magnetic fields for the manipulation of metallic plasmonic materials, nano-devices consisting of metals and magnetic materials based on surface magneto plasmon are difficult to be realized due to the challenges in device fabrication and high losses. In the infrared frequencies, highly-doped semiconductors can replace metals, owning to the lower incident wave frequencies and lower plasma frequencies. The required magnetic field is also low, which makes the tunable devices based on surface magneto plasmons more practically to be realized. Furthermore, a promising 2D material-graphene shows great potential in infrared magnetic plasmonics. In this paper, we review the magneto plasmonics in the infrared frequencies with a focus on device designs and applications. We investigate surface magneto plasmons propagating in different structures, including plane surface structures and slot waveguides. Based on the fundamental investigation and theoretical studies, we illustrate various magneto plasmonic micro/nano devices in the infrared, such as tunable waveguides, filters, and beam-splitters. Novel plasmonic devices such as one-way waveguides and broad-band waveguides are also introduced.
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Zhang, Xiaoyu, Chanda Ranjit Yonzon, and Richard P. Van Duyne. "Nanosphere lithography fabricated plasmonic materials and their applications." Journal of Materials Research 21, no. 5 (May 1, 2006): 1083–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2006.0136.
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Nanosphere lithography fabricated nanostructures have highly tunable localized surface plasmons, which have been used for important sensing and spectroscopy applications. In this work, the authors focus on biological applications and technologies that utilize two types of related plasmonic phenomena: localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) spectroscopy and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Two applications of these plasmonic materials are presented: (i) the development of an ultrasensitive nanoscale optical biosensor based on LSPR wavelength-shift spectroscopy and (ii) the SERS detection of an anthrax biomarker.
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Intravaia, F., and A. Lambrecht. "The Role of Surface Plasmon Modes in the Casimir Effect." Open Systems & Information Dynamics 14, no. 02 (June 2007): 159–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11080-007-9044-4.
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In this paper, we study the role of surface plasmon modes in the Casimir effect. First we write the Casimir energy as the sum over the modes of a real cavity. We may identify two sorts of modes, two evanescent surface plasmon modes and propagative modes. As one of the surface plasmon modes becomes propagative for some choice of parameters we adopt an adiabatic mode definition where we follow this mode into the propagative sector and count it together with the surface plasmon contribution, calling this contribution “plasmonic”. The remaining modes are propagative cavity modes, which we call “photonic”. The Casimir energy contains two main contributions, one coming from the plasmonic, the other from the photonic modes. Surprisingly we find that the plasmonic contribution to the Casimir energy becomes repulsive for intermediate and large mirror separations. Alternatively, we discuss the common surface plasmon defintion, which includes only evanescent waves, where this effect is not found. We show that, in contrast to an intuitive expectation, for both definitions the Casimir energy is the sum of two very large contributions which nearly cancel each other. The contribution of surface plasmons to the Casimir energy plays a fundamental role not only at short but also at large distances.
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Song, Wen-Bo, Yun Qi, Xiao-Peng Zhang, Ming-Li Wan, and Jinna He. "Controlling the interference between localized and delocalized surface plasmons via incident polarization for optical switching." International Journal of Modern Physics B 32, no. 16 (June 28, 2018): 1850194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979218501941.
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Surface plasmons supported by various metallic nanostructures have given rise to several significant breakthroughs in the field of integrated photonic devices due to its ability to effectively confine and enhance optical field in subwavelength volume. In particular, the demand to actively control optical responses of plasmonic systems becomes urgent for the miniaturization of signal processing devices, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates and biochemical sensors. In this paper, we systematically investigate the plasmon modes as well as their interaction in a layered nanostructure composed of a periodically-arranged radiative nanoring and a metallic ground plane, as well as a thin insulating spacer. A tunable transparent peak on the background of the broadband plasmon resonance emerges in the reflection spectrum as changing the periodicity of nanoparticle array, a plasmonic analogue of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). Owing to the structural symmetry of the rings, we demonstrate a new scheme of controlling the interference between localized and delocalized plasmons by means of incident polarization and believe that the proposed metasurface may find applications in optical switching if the polarization-controlled components are introduced.
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Davis, Timothy J., Daniel E. Gómez, and Ann Roberts. "Plasmonic circuits for manipulating optical information." Nanophotonics 6, no. 3 (October 26, 2016): 543–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2016-0131.
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AbstractSurface plasmons excited by light in metal structures provide a means for manipulating optical energy at the nanoscale. Plasmons are associated with the collective oscillations of conduction electrons in metals and play a role intermediate between photonics and electronics. As such, plasmonic devices have been created that mimic photonic waveguides as well as electrical circuits operating at optical frequencies. We review the plasmon technologies and circuits proposed, modeled, and demonstrated over the past decade that have potential applications in optical computing and optical information processing.
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Tohari, Mariam M., Andreas Lyras, and Mohamad S. AlSalhi. "A Novel Metal Nanoparticles-Graphene Nanodisks-Quantum Dots Hybrid-System-Based Spaser." Nanomaterials 10, no. 3 (February 27, 2020): 416. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10030416.
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Active nanoplasmonics have recently led to the emergence of many promising applications. One of them is the spaser (surface plasmons amplification by stimulated emission of radiation) that has been shown to generate coherent and intense fields of selected surface plasmon modes that are strongly localized in the nanoscale. We propose a novel nanospaser composed of a metal nanoparticles-graphene nanodisks hybrid plasmonic system as its resonator and a quantum dots cascade stack as its gain medium. We derive the plasmonic fields induced by pulsed excitation through the use of the effective medium theory. Based on the density matrix approach and by solving the Lindblad quantum master equation, we analyze the ultrafast dynamics of the spaser associated with coherent amplified plasmonic fields. The intensity of the plasmonic field is significantly affected by the width of the metallic contact and the time duration of the laser pulse used to launch the surface plasmons. The proposed nanospaser shows an extremely low spasing threshold and operates in the mid-infrared region that has received much attention due to its wide biomedical, chemical and telecommunication applications.
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Томилина, О. А., В. Н. Бержанский, and С. В. Томилин. "Влияние перколяционного перехода на электропроводящие и оптические свойства сверхтонких металлических пленок." Физика твердого тела 62, no. 4 (2020): 614. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/ftt.2020.04.49129.610.
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In paper the investigation results of features of electrophysical, optical and plasmonic properties changes in ultrathin metallic films during percolation transition from island structure to continuous are representative. It was shown that during Ti and Pt thin films condensation a change of their electrical conductivity above the percolation threshold is well described in the framework of the classical percolation theory. The resonance behavior of localized plasmons and surface (propagating) plasmon-polaritons in Au metal films during a percolation transition was studied. It was shown that when the film becomes to a granular state a decrease in the Q-factor of surface plasmon-polariton resonance is observed in the vicinity of the percolation transition, which is associated with excitation of localized plasmons in metallic nanoparticles. For all studied coatings the percolation threshold was determined.
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Zhang, Qingfeng, Taylor Hernandez, Kyle W. Smith, Seyyed Ali Hosseini Jebeli, Alan X. Dai, Lauren Warning, Rashad Baiyasi, et al. "Unraveling the origin of chirality from plasmonic nanoparticle-protein complexes." Science 365, no. 6460 (September 26, 2019): 1475–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aax5415.
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Plasmon-coupled circular dichroism has emerged as a promising approach for ultrasensitive detection of biomolecular conformations through coupling between molecular chirality and surface plasmons. Chiral nanoparticle assemblies without chiral molecules present also have large optical activities. We apply single-particle circular differential scattering spectroscopy coupled with electron imaging and simulations to identify both structural chirality of plasmonic aggregates and plasmon-coupled circular dichroism induced by chiral proteins. We establish that both chiral aggregates and just a few proteins in interparticle gaps of achiral assemblies are responsible for the ensemble signal, but single nanoparticles do not contribute. We furthermore find that the protein plays two roles: It transfers chirality to both chiral and achiral plasmonic substrates, and it is also responsible for the chiral three-dimensional assembly of nanorods. Understanding these underlying factors paves the way toward sensing the chirality of single biomolecules.
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Bhattarai, Jay K., Md Helal Uddin Maruf, and Keith J. Stine. "Plasmonic-Active Nanostructured Thin Films." Processes 8, no. 1 (January 16, 2020): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8010115.
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Plasmonic-active nanomaterials are of high interest to scientists because of their expanding applications in the field for medicine and energy. Chemical and biological sensors based on plasmonic nanomaterials are well-established and commercially available, but the role of plasmonic nanomaterials on photothermal therapeutics, solar cells, super-resolution imaging, organic synthesis, etc. is still emerging. The effectiveness of the plasmonic materials on these technologies depends on their stability and sensitivity. Preparing plasmonics-active nanostructured thin films (PANTFs) on a solid substrate improves their physical stability. More importantly, the surface plasmons of thin film and that of nanostructures can couple in PANTFs enhancing the sensitivity. A PANTF can be used as a transducer for any of the three plasmonic-based sensing techniques, namely, the propagating surface plasmon, localized surface plasmon resonance, and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy-based sensing techniques. Additionally, continuous nanostructured metal films have an advantage for implementing electrical controls such as simultaneous sensing using both plasmonic and electrochemical techniques. Although research and development on PANTFs have been rapidly advancing, very few reviews on synthetic methods have been published. In this review, we provide some fundamental and practical aspects of plasmonics along with the recent advances in PANTFs synthesis, focusing on the advantages and shortcomings of the fabrication techniques. We also provide an overview of different types of PANTFs and their sensitivity for biosensing.
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Dheur, Marie-Christine, Eloïse Devaux, Thomas W. Ebbesen, Alexandre Baron, Jean-Claude Rodier, Jean-Paul Hugonin, Philippe Lalanne, Jean-Jacques Greffet, Gaétan Messin, and François Marquier. "Single-plasmon interferences." Science Advances 2, no. 3 (March 2016): e1501574. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1501574.
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Surface plasmon polaritons are electromagnetic waves coupled to collective electron oscillations propagating along metal-dielectric interfaces, exhibiting a bosonic character. Recent experiments involving surface plasmons guided by wires or stripes allowed the reproduction of quantum optics effects, such as antibunching with a single surface plasmon state, coalescence with a two-plasmon state, conservation of squeezing, or entanglement through plasmonic channels. We report the first direct demonstration of the wave-particle duality for a single surface plasmon freely propagating along a planar metal-air interface. We develop a platform that enables two complementary experiments, one revealing the particle behavior of the single-plasmon state through antibunching, and the other one where the interferences prove its wave nature. This result opens up new ways to exploit quantum conversion effects between different bosonic species as shown here with photons and polaritons.
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Kosobukin, V. A. "Plasmon-excitonic polaritons in metal-semiconductor nanostructures with quantum wells." Физика и техника полупроводников 52, no. 5 (2018): 502. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/ftp.2018.05.45846.35.
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AbstractA theory of plasmon-exciton coupling and its spectroscopy is developed for metal-semiconductor nanostructures. Considered as a model is a periodic superlattice with cells consisting of a quantum well and a layer of metal nanoparticles. The problem is solved self-consistently using the electrodynamic Green’s functions taking account of resonant polarization. Coulomb plasmon-exciton interaction is associated with the dipole surface plasmons of particles and their image charges due to excitonic polarization of neighboring quantum well. Optical reflection spectra are numerically investigated for superlattices with GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells and silver nanoparticles. Superradiant regime caused by one-dimensional Bragg diffraction is studied for plasmonic, excitonic and plasmon-excitonic polaritons depending on the number of supercells. The plasmon-excitonic Rabi splitting is shown to occur in reflectivity spectra of resonant Bragg structures.
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Кособукин, В. А. "Спектроскопия плазмон-экситонов в наноструктурах полупроводник-металл." Физика твердого тела 60, no. 8 (2018): 1606. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/ftt.2018.08.46256.18gr.
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AbstractThe results of the theory considering mixed plasmon-excitonic modes and their spectroscopy are presented. The plasmon-excitons are formed owing to strong Coulomb coupling between quasi-two-dimensional excitons of a quantum well and dipole plasmons of nanoparticles. The effective polarizability associated with a nanoparticle is calculated in a self-consistent approximation taking into account the local field determined by in-layer dipole plasmons and their image charges due to the excitonic polarization of a near quantum well. The spectra of elastic scattering and specular reflection of light are investigated in cases of a single silver nanoparticle and a monolayer of such particles situated in close proximity to a quantum well GaAs/AlGaAs. The optical spectra show a two-peak structure with a deep and narrow dip in the resonant range of plasmon-excitons. Propagation of plasmon-excitonic polaritons is discussed for periodic superlattices whose unit cell consists of a quantum well and a layer of metal nanoparticles. The superradiance regime originating in the Bragg diffraction of plasmon-excitonic polaritons by the superlattice is investigated. It is shown that the broad spectrum of plasmonic reflection depending on the number of unit cells in a superlattice also has a narrow dip at the exciton frequency.
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Kvítek, Ondřej, Jakub Siegel, Vladimír Hnatowicz, and Václav Švorčík. "Noble Metal Nanostructures Influence of Structure and Environment on Their Optical Properties." Journal of Nanomaterials 2013 (2013): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/743684.
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Optical properties of nanostructured materials, isolated nanoparticles, and structures composed of both metals and semiconductors are broadly discussed. Fundamentals of the origin of surface plasmons as well as the surface plasmon resonance sensing are described and documented on a number of examples. Localized plasmon sensing and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy are subjected to special interest since those techniques are inherently associated with the direct application of plasmonic structures. The possibility of tailoring the optical properties of ultra-thin metal layers via controlling their shape and morphology by postdeposition annealing is documented. Special attention is paid to the contribution of bimetallic particles and layers as well as metal structures encapsulated in semiconductors and dielectrics to the optical response. The opportunity to tune the properties of materials over a large scale of values opens up entirely new application possibilities of optical active structures. The nature of surface plasmons predetermines noble metal nanostructures to be promising great materials for development of modern label-free sensing methods based on plasmon resonance—SPR and LSPR sensing.
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Singh, Leeju, Nicolò Maccaferri, Denis Garoli, and Yuri Gorodetski. "Directional Plasmonic Excitation by Helical Nanotips." Nanomaterials 11, no. 5 (May 19, 2021): 1333. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11051333.
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The phenomenon of coupling between light and surface plasmon polaritons requires specific momentum matching conditions. In the case of a single scattering object on a metallic surface, such as a nanoparticle or a nanohole, the coupling between a broadband effect, i.e., scattering, and a discrete one, such as surface plasmon excitation, leads to Fano-like resonance lineshapes. The necessary phase matching requirements can be used to engineer the light–plasmon coupling and to achieve a directional plasmonic excitation. Here, we investigate this effect by using a chiral nanotip to excite surface plasmons with a strong spin-dependent azimuthal variation. This effect can be described by a Fano-like interference with a complex coupling factor that can be modified thanks to a symmetry breaking of the nanostructure.
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Silva, Jaime, Bruce F. Milne, and Fernando Nogueira. "On the Single Wall Carbon Nanotube Surface Plasmon Stability." EPJ Web of Conferences 233 (2020): 05009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202023305009.
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The physics of surface plasmons has a long tradition in condensed matter theory but as the dimension of the systems reaches the nano scale, new effects appear. In this work, by calculating the absorption spectra of a single wall carbon nanotube, using time dependent density functional theory, the effect of adding/removing electrons on the surface plasmon energy is studied. It is shown that removing electrons from the single wall carbon nanotube does not affect the surface plasmon energy peak. In contrast, adding electrons to the single wall carbon nanotube will redshift the plasmonic peak energy, an effect that is explained by an increase of the electron effective mass.
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You, Chenglong, Apurv Chaitanya Nellikka, Israel De Leon, and Omar S. Magaña-Loaiza. "Multiparticle quantum plasmonics." Nanophotonics 9, no. 6 (April 17, 2020): 1243–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2019-0517.
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AbstractA single photon can be coupled to collective charge oscillations at the interfaces between metals and dielectrics forming a single surface plasmon. The electromagnetic near-fields induced by single surface plasmons offer new degrees of freedom to perform an exquisite control of complex quantum dynamics. Remarkably, the control of quantum systems represents one of the most significant challenges in the field of quantum photonics. Recently, there has been an enormous interest in using plasmonic systems to control multiphoton dynamics in complex photonic circuits. In this review, we discuss recent advances that unveil novel routes to control multiparticle quantum systems composed of multiple photons and plasmons. We describe important properties that characterize optical multiparticle systems such as their statistical quantum fluctuations and correlations. In this regard, we discuss the role that photon-plasmon interactions play in the manipulation of these fundamental properties for multiparticle systems. We also review recent works that show novel platforms to manipulate many-body light-matter interactions. In this spirit, the foundations that will allow nonexperts to understand new perspectives in multiparticle quantum plasmonics are described. First, we discuss the quantum statistical fluctuations of the electromagnetic field as well as the fundamentals of plasmonics and its quantum properties. This discussion is followed by a brief treatment of the dynamics that characterize complex multiparticle interactions. We apply these ideas to describe quantum interactions in photonic-plasmonic multiparticle quantum systems. We summarize the state-of-the-art in quantum devices that rely on plasmonic interactions. The review is concluded with our perspective on the future applications and challenges in this burgeoning field.
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Khurgin, Jacob B. "Pliable polaritons: Wannier exciton-plasmon coupling in metal-semiconductor structures." Nanophotonics 8, no. 4 (November 20, 2018): 629–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2018-0166.
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AbstractPlasmonic structures are known to support the modes with sub-wavelength volumes in which the field/matter interactions are greatly enhanced. Coupling between the molecular excitations and plasmons leading to the formation of “plexcitons” has been investigated for a number of organic molecules. However, plasmon-exciton coupling in metal/semiconductor structures has not experienced the same degree of attention. In this work, we show that the “very strong coupling” regime in which the Rabi energy exceeds the exciton binding energy is attainable in semiconductor-cladded plasmonic nanoparticles and leads to the formation of Wannier exciton-plasmon polariton (WEPP), which is bound to the metal nanoparticle and characterized by dramatically smaller (by a factor of a few) excitonic radius and correspondingly higher ionization energy. This higher ionization energy, which exceeding approaches 100 meV for the CdS/Ag structures, may make room-temperature Bose-Einstein condensation and polariton lasing in plasmonic/semiconductor structures possible.
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Yeshchenko, O. A., A. O. Bartenev, A. P. Naumenko, N. V. Kutsevol, Iu I. Harahuts, and A. I. Marinin. "Laser-Driven Aggregation in Dextran–Graft–PNIPAM/Silver Nanoparticles Hybrid Nanosystem: Plasmonic Effects." Ukrainian Journal of Physics 65, no. 3 (March 26, 2020): 254. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ujpe65.3.254.
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The laser-induced aggregation in the thermosensitive dextran grafted-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) copolymer/Ag nanoparticles (D–g–PNIPAM/AgNPs) hybrid nanosystem in water has been observed. The laser-induced plasmonic heating of Ag NPs causes the Lower Critical Solution Temperature (LCST) conformation transition in D–g–PNIPAM/AgNPs macromolecules which shrink during the transition. The shrinking decreases sharply the distance between the silver nanoparticles that launches the aggregation of Ag NPs and the appearance of plasmonic attractive optical forces acting between the nanoparticles. It has been shown that the approach of the laser wavelength to the surface plasmon resonance in Ag nanoparticles leads to a significant strengthening of the observed aggregation, which proves its plasmon nature. The laser-induced transformations in the D–g–PNIPAM/AgNPs nanosystem have been found to be essentially irreversible that differs principally them from the temperature-induced transformations. Such fundamental difference proves the crucial role of the optical forces arising due to the excitation of surface plasmons in Ag NPs.
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Yu, Sanghyeon, and Habib Ammari. "Hybridization of singular plasmons via transformation optics." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 28 (June 24, 2019): 13785–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1902194116.
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Surface plasmon resonances of metallic nanostructures offer great opportunities to guide and manipulate light on the nanoscale. In the design of novel plasmonic devices, a central topic is to clarify the intricate relationship between the resonance spectrum and the geometry of the nanostructure. Despite many advances, the design becomes quite challenging when the desired spectrum is highly complex. Here we develop a theoretical model for surface plasmons of interacting nanoparticles to reduce the complexity of the design process significantly. Our model is developed by combining plasmon hybridization theory with transformation optics, which yields an efficient way of simultaneously controlling both global and local features of the resonance spectrum. As an application, we propose a design of metasurface whose absorption spectrum can be controlled over a large class of complex patterns through only a few geometric parameters in an intuitive way. Our approach provides fundamental tools for the effective design of plasmonic metamaterials with on-demand functionality.
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Cheng, Chang-Wei, Soniya S. Raja, Ching-Wen Chang, Xin-Quan Zhang, Po-Yen Liu, Yi-Hsien Lee, Chih-Kang Shih, and Shangjr Gwo. "Epitaxial aluminum plasmonics covering full visible spectrum." Nanophotonics 10, no. 1 (November 25, 2020): 627–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2020-0402.
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AbstractAluminum has attracted a great deal of attention as an alternative plasmonic material to silver and gold because of its natural abundance on Earth, material stability, unique spectral capability in the ultraviolet spectral region, and complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor compatibility. Surprisingly, in some recent studies, aluminum has been reported to outperform silver in the visible range due to its superior surface and interface properties. Here, we demonstrate excellent structural and optical properties measured for aluminum epitaxial films grown on sapphire substrates by molecular-beam epitaxy under ultrahigh vacuum growth conditions. Using the epitaxial growth technique, distinct advantages can be achieved for plasmonic applications, including high-fidelity nanofabrication and wafer-scale system integration. Moreover, the aluminum film thickness is controllable down to a few atomic monolayers, allowing for plasmonic ultrathin layer devices. Two kinds of aluminum plasmonic applications are reported here, including precisely engineered plasmonic substrates for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and high-quality-factor plasmonic surface lattices based on standing localized surface plasmons and propagating surface plasmon polaritons, respectively, in the entire visible spectrum (400–700 nm).
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Guo, Zi-Zheng. "Effect of dielectric environment on plasmonic resonance absorption of graphene nanoribbon arrays." International Journal of Modern Physics B 32, no. 26 (October 18, 2018): 1850284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979218502843.
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The plasmonic resonance absorption properties of a periodic graphene nanoribbon array are studied in this paper. We discuss the effect of the asymmetricity of the dielectric environment on the plasmonic resonance of the graphene nanoribbon array in order to know which combination of the two dielectric materials surrounding the graphene is most advantageous. The results show that, regardless of the graphene in symmetric and asymmetrical environments, the absorption peak of plasmon resonance shifts to longer wavelengths (shifts red) with the increase of the changing permittivity (permittivities) on one or both sides. This absorption characteristic of the graphene periodic array to external electromagnetic waves originates from the wavelength dependence of the intrinsic graphene plasmons on the environmental medium.
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Grieser, Daniel. "The plasmonic eigenvalue problem." Reviews in Mathematical Physics 26, no. 03 (April 2014): 1450005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129055x14500056.
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A plasmon of a bounded domain Ω ⊂ ℝn is a non-trivial bounded harmonic function on ℝn\∂Ω which is continuous at ∂Ω and whose exterior and interior normal derivatives at ∂Ω have a constant ratio. We call this ratio a plasmonic eigenvalue of Ω. Plasmons arise in the description of electromagnetic waves hitting a metallic particle Ω. We investigate these eigenvalues and prove that they form a sequence of numbers converging to one. Also, we prove regularity of plasmons, derive a variational characterization, and prove a second-order perturbation formula. The problem can be reformulated in terms of Dirichlet–Neumann operators, and as a side result, we derive a formula for the shape derivative of these operators.
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Odom, Teri W. "Materials Screening and Applications of Plasmonic Crystals." MRS Bulletin 35, no. 1 (January 2010): 66–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2010.618.
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AbstractSurface plasmon polaritons are responsible for various optical phenomena, including negative refraction, enhanced optical transmission, and nanoscale focusing. Although many materials support plasmons, the choice of metal for most applications has been based on traditional plasmonic materials, such as Ag and Au, because there have been no side-by-side comparisons of different materials on well-defined, nanostructured surfaces. This article will describe how a multiscale patterning approach based on soft interference lithography can be used to create plasmonic crystals with different unit cell shapes—circular holes or square pyramids—which can be used as a platform to screen for new materials. The dispersion diagrams of plasmonic crystals made from unconventional metals will be presented, and the implications of discovering new optical coupling mechanisms and protein-sensing substrates based on Pd will be described. Finally, the opportunities enabled by this plasmonic library to dial into specific resonances for any angle or material will be discussed.
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Moskovits, Martin. "Canada’s early contributions to plasmonics." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 97, no. 6 (June 2019): 483–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2018-0365.
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The field of plasmonics — the study of collective electron excitation in nanostructured metal and other conductors — is currently highly active with research foci in a number of related fields, including plasmon-enhanced spectroscopies and plasmon-mediated photochemical and photocatalytic processes through which the energy stored temporarily as plasmons can be used to enable and (or) accelerate photochemistry. This enhancement is accomplished either by the action of the large optical fields produced in the vicinity of plasmonic nanostructures or mediated by the energetic electrons and holes surviving transiently following the dephasing of the plasmon. This article traces the early contributions to the foundation of the current field of plasmonics by two scientists working in Canada in the early 1970s, J. P. Marton at McMaster University and Welwyn Corporation and the current author while he was at the University of Toronto.
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Vacacela Gomez, Cristian, Michele Pisarra, Mario Gravina, and Antonello Sindona. "Tunable plasmons in regular planar arrays of graphene nanoribbons with armchair and zigzag-shaped edges." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 8 (January 17, 2017): 172–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.8.18.
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Recent experimental evidence for and the theoretical confirmation of tunable edge plasmons and surface plasmons in graphene nanoribbons have opened up new opportunities to scrutinize the main geometric and conformation factors, which can be used to modulate these collective modes in the infrared-to-terahertz frequency band. Here, we show how the extrinsic plasmon structure of regular planar arrays of graphene nanoribbons, with perfectly symmetric edges, is influenced by the width, chirality and unit-cell length of each ribbon, as well as the in-plane vacuum distance between two contiguous ribbons. Our predictions, based on time-dependent density functional theory, in the random phase approximation, are expected to be of immediate help for measurements of plasmonic features in nanoscale architectures of nanoribbon devices.
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Ye, Fan, Juan M. Merlo, Michael J. Burns, and Michael J. Naughton. "Optical and electrical mappings of surface plasmon cavity modes." Nanophotonics 3, no. 1-2 (April 1, 2014): 33–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2013-0038.
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AbstractPlasmonics is a rapidly expanding field, founded in physics but now with a growing number of applications in biology (biosensing), nanophotonics, photovoltaics, optical engineering and advanced information technology. Appearing as charge density oscillations along a metal surface, excited by electromagnetic radiation (e.g., light), plasmons can propagate as surface plasmon polaritons, or can be confined as standing waves along an appropriately-prepared surface. Here, we review the latter manifestation, both their origins and the manners in which they are detected, the latter dominated by near field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM/SNOM). We include discussion of the “plasmonic halo” effect recently observed by the authors, wherein cavity-confined plasmons are able to modulate optical transmission through step-gap nanostructures, yielding a novel form of color (wavelength) selection.
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Jiang, Wei, Huatian Hu, Qian Deng, Shunping Zhang, and Hongxing Xu. "Temperature-dependent dark-field scattering of single plasmonic nanocavity." Nanophotonics 9, no. 10 (May 23, 2020): 3347–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2020-0076.
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AbstractPlasmonic materials have long been exploited for enhanced spectroscopy, integrated nanophotonic circuits, sensing, light harvesting, etc. Damping is the key factor that limits their performance and restricts the development of the field. Optical characterization of single nanoparticle at low temperature is ideal for investigating the damping of plasmons but is usually technically impractical due to the sample vibration from the cryostat and the surface adsorption during the cooling process. In this work, we use a vibration-free cryostat to investigate the temperature-dependent dark-field scattering spectroscopy of a single Au nanowire on top of a Au film. This allows us to extract the contribution of electron-phonon scattering to the damping of plasmons without performing statistics over different target nanoparticles. The results show that the full width at half-maximum of the plasmon resonance increases by an amount of 5.8%, over the temperature range of 5−150 K. Electromagnetic calculations reveal that the temperature-insensitive dissipation channels into photons or surface plasmon polaritons on the Au film contribute up to 64% of the total dissipations at the plasmon resonance. This explains why the reduction of plasmon linewidth seems small at the single-particle level. This study provides a more explicit measurement on the damping process of the single plasmonic nanostructure, which serves as basic knowledge in the applications of nanoplasmonic materials.
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Naldoni, Alberto, Francesca Riboni, Urcan Guler, Alexandra Boltasseva, Vladimir M. Shalaev, and Alexander V. Kildishev. "Solar-Powered Plasmon-Enhanced Heterogeneous Catalysis." Nanophotonics 5, no. 1 (June 1, 2016): 112–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2016-0018.
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AbstractPhotocatalysis uses semiconductors to convert sunlight into chemical energy. Recent reports have shown that plasmonic nanostructures can be used to extend semiconductor light absorption or to drive direct photocatalysis with visible light at their surface. In this review, we discuss the fundamental decay pathway of localized surface plasmons in the context of driving solar-powered chemical reactions. We also review different nanophotonic approaches demonstrated for increasing solar-to-hydrogen conversion in photoelectrochemical water splitting, including experimental observations of enhanced reaction selectivity for reactions occurring at the metalsemiconductor interface. The enhanced reaction selectivity is highly dependent on the morphology, electronic properties, and spatial arrangement of composite nanostructures and their elements. In addition, we report on the particular features of photocatalytic reactions evolving at plasmonic metal surfaces and discuss the possibility of manipulating the reaction selectivity through the activation of targeted molecular bonds. Finally, using solar-to-hydrogen conversion techniques as an example, we quantify the efficacy metrics achievable in plasmon-driven photoelectrochemical systems and highlight some of the new directions that could lead to the practical implementation of solar-powered plasmon-based catalytic devices.
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Tao, Andrea R. "Nanocrystal assembly for bottom-up plasmonic materials and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) sensing." Pure and Applied Chemistry 81, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-08-08-38.
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Plasmonic materials are emerging as key platforms for applications that rely on the manipulation of light at small length scales. Sub-wavelength metallic features support surface plasmons that can induce huge local electromagnetic fields at the metal surface, facilitating a host of extraordinary optical phenomena. Ag nanocrystals (NCs) and nanowires (NWs) are ideal building blocks for the bottom-up fabrication of plasmonic materials for photonics, spectroscopy, and chemical sensing. Faceted Ag nanostructures are synthesized using a colloidal approach to regulate nucleation and crystallographic growth direction. Next, new methods of nanoscale organization using Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) compression are presented where one- and two-dimensional assemblies can be constructed with impressive alignment over large areas. Using this method, plasmon coupling between Ag nanostructures can be controlled by varying spacing and density, achieving for the first time a completely tunable plasmon response in the visible wavelengths. Lastly, these assemblies are demonstrated as exceptional substrates for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) by achieving high chemical sensitivity and specificity, exhibiting their utility as portable field sensors, and integrating them into multiplexed "lab-on-a-chip" devices.
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Li, Yuyu, Khwanchai Tantiwanichapan, Anna K. Swan, and Roberto Paiella. "Graphene plasmonic devices for terahertz optoelectronics." Nanophotonics 9, no. 7 (May 14, 2020): 1901–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2020-0211.
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AbstractPlasmonic excitations, consisting of collective oscillations of the electron gas in a conductive film or nanostructure coupled to electromagnetic fields, play a prominent role in photonics and optoelectronics. While traditional plasmonic systems are based on noble metals, recent work has established graphene as a uniquely suited materials platform for plasmonic science and applications due to several distinctive properties. Graphene plasmonic oscillations exhibit particularly strong sub-wavelength confinement, can be tuned dynamically through the application of a gate voltage, and span a portion of the infrared spectrum (including mid-infrared and terahertz (THz) wavelengths) that is not directly accessible with noble metals. These properties have been studied in extensive theoretical and experimental work over the past decade, and more recently various device applications are also beginning to be explored. This review article is focused on graphene plasmonic nanostructures designed to address a key outstanding challenge of modern-day optoelectronics – the limited availability of practical, high-performance THz devices. Graphene plasmons can be used as a means to enhance light–matter interactions at THz wavelengths in a highly tunable fashion, particularly through the integration of graphene resonant structures with additional nanophotonic elements. This capability is ideally suited to the development of THz optical modulators (where absorption is switched on and off by tuning the plasmonic resonance) and photodetectors (relying on plasmon-enhanced intraband absorption or rectification of charge-density waves), and promising devices based on these principles have already been reported. Novel radiation mechanisms, including light emission from electrically excited graphene plasmons, are also being explored for the development of compact narrowband THz sources.
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Xia, Younan, and Naomi J. Halas. "Shape-Controlled Synthesis and Surface Plasmonic Properties of Metallic Nanostructures." MRS Bulletin 30, no. 5 (May 2005): 338–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2005.96.
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AbstractThe interaction of light with free electrons in a gold or silver nanostructure can give rise to collective excitations commonly known as surface plasmons. Plasmons provide a powerful means of confining light to metal/dielectric interfaces, which in turn can generate intense local electromagnetic fields and significantly amplify the signal derived from analytical techniques that rely on light, such as Raman scattering. With plasmons, photonic signals can be manipulated on the nanoscale, enabling integration with electronics (which is now moving into the nano regime). However, to benefit from their interesting plasmonic properties, metal structures of controlled shape (and size) must be fabricated on the nanoscale. This issue of MRS Bulletin examines how gold and silver nanostructures can be prepared with controllable shapes to tailor their surface plasmon resonances and highlights some of the unique applications that result, including enhancement of electromagnetic fields, optical imaging, light transmission, colorimetric sensing, and nanoscale waveguiding.
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Fan, Zhiyuan, Shourya Dutta-Gupta, Ran Gladstone, Simeon Trendafilov, Melissa Bosch, Minwoo Jung, Ganjigunte R. Swathi Iyer, et al. "Electrically defined topological interface states of graphene surface plasmons based on a gate-tunable quantum Bragg grating." Nanophotonics 8, no. 8 (July 10, 2019): 1417–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2019-0108.
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AbstractA periodic metagate is designed on top of a boron nitride-graphene heterostructure to modulate the local carrier density distribution on the monolayer graphene. This causes the bandgaps of graphene surface plasmon polaritons to emerge because of either the interaction between the plasmon modes, which are mediated by the varying local carrier densities, or their interaction with the metal gates. Using the example of a double-gate graphene device, we discuss the tunable band properties of graphene plasmons due to the competition between these two mechanisms. Because of this, a bandgap inversion, which results in a Zak phase switching, can be realized through electrostatic gating. Here we also show that an anisotropic plasmonic topological edge state exists at the interface between two graphene gratings of different Zak phases. While the orientation of the dipole moments can differentiate the band topologies of each graphene grating, the angle of radiation remains a tunable property. This may serve as a stepping stone toward active control of the band structures of surface plasmons for potential applications in optical communication, wave steering, or sensing.
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Wang, Xing-Yuan, Yi-Lun Wang, Suo Wang, Bo Li, Xiao-Wei Zhang, Lun Dai, and Ren-Min Ma. "Lasing Enhanced Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensing." Nanophotonics 6, no. 2 (March 1, 2017): 472–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2016-0006.
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AbstractThe resonance phenomena of surface plasmons has enabled development of a novel class of noncontact, real-time and label-free optical sensors, which have emerged as a prominent tool in biochemical sensing and detection. However, various forms of surface plasmon resonances occur with natively strong non-radiative Drude damping that weakens the resonance and limits the sensing performance fundamentally. Here we experimentally demonstrate the first lasing-enhanced surface plasmon resonance (LESPR) refractive index sensor. The figure of merit (FOM) of intensity sensing is ~84,000, which is about 400 times higher than state-of-the-art surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor. We found that the high FOM originates from three unique features of LESPR sensors: high-quality factor, nearly zero background emission and the Gaussian-shaped lasing spectra. The LESPR sensors may form the basis for a novel class of plasmonic sensors with unprecedented performance for a broad range of applications.
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Milekhin, Ilya A., Sergei A. Kuznetsov, Ekaterina E. Rodyakina, Alexander G. Milekhin, Alexander V. Latyshev, and Dietrich R. T. Zahn. "Localized surface plasmons in structures with linear Au nanoantennas on a SiO2/Si surface." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 7 (October 26, 2016): 1519–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.7.145.
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The study of infrared absorption by linear gold nanoantennas fabricated on a Si surface with underlying SiO2 layers of various thicknesses allowed the penetration depth of localized surface plasmons into SiO2 to be determined. The value of the penetration depth derived experimentally (20 ± 10 nm) corresponds to that obtained from electromagnetic simulations (12.9–30.0 nm). Coupling between plasmonic excitations of gold nanoantennas and optical phonons in SiO2 leads to the appearance of new plasmon–phonon modes observed in the infrared transmission spectra the frequencies of which are well predicted by the simulations.
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Li, Wei, and Jason G. Valentine. "Harvesting the loss: surface plasmon-based hot electron photodetection." Nanophotonics 6, no. 1 (January 6, 2017): 177–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2015-0154.
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AbstractAlthough the nonradiative decay of surface plasmons was once thought to be only a parasitic process within the plasmonic and metamaterial communities, hot carriers generated from nonradiative plasmon decay offer new opportunities for harnessing absorption loss. Hot carriers can be harnessed for applications ranging from chemical catalysis, photothermal heating, photovoltaics, and photodetection. Here, we present a review on the recent developments concerning photodetection based on hot electrons. The basic principles and recent progress on hot electron photodetectors are summarized. The challenges and potential future directions are also discussed.
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Song, Justin C. W., and Mark S. Rudner. "Chiral plasmons without magnetic field." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 17 (April 11, 2016): 4658–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1519086113.
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Plasmons, the collective oscillations of interacting electrons, possess emergent properties that dramatically alter the optical response of metals. We predict the existence of a new class of plasmons—chiral Berry plasmons (CBPs)—for a wide range of 2D metallic systems including gapped Dirac materials. As we show, in these materials the interplay between Berry curvature and electron–electron interactions yields chiral plasmonic modes at zero magnetic field. The CBP modes are confined to system boundaries, even in the absence of topological edge states, with chirality manifested in split energy dispersions for oppositely directed plasmon waves. We unveil a rich CBP phenomenology and propose setups for realizing them, including in anomalous Hall metals and optically pumped 2D Dirac materials. Realization of CBPs will offer a powerful paradigm for magnetic field-free, subwavelength optical nonreciprocity, in the mid-IR to terahertz range, with tunable splittings as large as tens of THz, as well as sensitive all-optical diagnostics of topological bands.
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Wang, Jianfeng, Xuelei Sui, Wenhui Duan, Feng Liu, and Bing Huang. "Density-independent plasmons for terahertz-stable topological metamaterials." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 19 (May 5, 2021): e2023029118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2023029118.
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To efficiently integrate cutting-edge terahertz technology into compact devices, the highly confined terahertz plasmons are attracting intensive attention. Compared to plasmons at visible frequencies in metals, terahertz plasmons, typically in lightly doped semiconductors or graphene, are sensitive to carrier density (n) and thus have an easy tunability, which leads to unstable or imprecise terahertz spectra. By deriving a simplified but universal form of plasmon frequencies, here, we reveal a unified mechanism for generating unusual n-independent plasmons (DIPs) in all topological states with different dimensions. Remarkably, we predict that terahertz DIPs can be excited in a two-dimensional nodal line and one-dimensional nodal point systems, confirmed by the first-principle calculations on almost all existing topological semimetals with diverse lattice symmetries. Besides n-independence, the feature of Fermi velocity and degeneracy factor dependencies in DIPs can be applied to design topological superlattice and multiwalled carbon nanotube metamaterials for broadband terahertz spectroscopy and quantized terahertz plasmons, respectively. Surprisingly, high spatial confinement and quality factor, also insensitive to n, can be simultaneously achieved in these terahertz DIPs. Our findings pave the way for developing topological plasmonic devices for stable terahertz applications.
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Kluczyk, K., C. David, J. Jacak, and W. Jacak. "On Modeling of Plasmon-Induced Enhancement of the Efficiency of Solar Cells Modified by Metallic Nano-Particles." Nanomaterials 9, no. 1 (December 20, 2018): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9010003.
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We demonstrate that the direct application of numerical packets like Comsol to plasmonic effect in solar cells metallically modified in nano-scale may be strongly inaccurate if quantum corrections are neglected. The near-field coupling of surface plasmons in metallic nanoparticles deposited on the top of a solar cell with band electrons in a semiconductor substrate strongly enhances the damping of plasmons in metallic components, which is not accounted for in standard numerical packets using the Drude type dielectric function for metal (taken from measurements in bulk or in thin layers) as the prerequisite for the numerical e-m field calculus. Inclusion of the proper corrections to plasmon damping causes additional enhancement of the plasmon-induced photo-effect efficiency growth of a metalized photo-diode by ten percent, at least, in comparison to only effect induced by the electric field concentration near metallic nanoparticles. This happens to be consistent with the experimental observations which cannot be explained by only local increases of the electrical field near the curvature of metallic nanoparticles determined by a finite-element solution of the Maxwell–Fresnel boundary problem as given by a numerical system like Comsol. The proper damping rate for plasmons can be identified by application of the Fermi Golden Rule approach to the plasmon-band electron coupling. We demonstrate this effect including the material and size dependence in two types of solar cells, multi-crystalline Si and CIGS (copper-indium-gallium-diselenide) as idealized photo-diode semiconductor substrate modified by various metallic nano-particles, in comparison to the experimental data and Comsol simulation.
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Nagpal, Prashant, Nathan C. Lindquist, Sang-Hyun Oh, and David J. Norris. "Ultrasmooth Patterned Metals for Plasmonics and Metamaterials." Science 325, no. 5940 (July 30, 2009): 594–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1174655.
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Surface plasmons are electromagnetic waves that can exist at metal interfaces because of coupling between light and free electrons. Restricted to travel along the interface, these waves can be channeled, concentrated, or otherwise manipulated by surface patterning. However, because surface roughness and other inhomogeneities have so far limited surface-plasmon propagation in real plasmonic devices, simple high-throughput methods are needed to fabricate high-quality patterned metals. We combined template stripping with precisely patterned silicon substrates to obtain ultrasmooth pure metal films with grooves, bumps, pyramids, ridges, and holes. Measured surface-plasmon–propagation lengths on the resulting surfaces approach theoretical values for perfectly flat films. With the use of our method, we demonstrated structures that exhibit Raman scattering enhancements above 107 for sensing applications and multilayer films for optical metamaterials.
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Yan, Siqi, Xiaolong Zhu, Jianji Dong, Yunhong Ding, and Sanshui Xiao. "2D materials integrated with metallic nanostructures: fundamentals and optoelectronic applications." Nanophotonics 9, no. 7 (April 17, 2020): 1877–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2020-0074.
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AbstractDue to their novel electronic and optical properties, atomically thin layered two-dimensional (2D) materials are becoming promising to realize novel functional optoelectronic devices including photodetectors, modulators, and lasers. However, light–matter interactions in 2D materials are often weak because of the atomic-scale thickness, thus limiting the performances of these devices. Metallic nanostructures supporting surface plasmon polaritons show strong ability to concentrate light within subwavelength region, opening thereby new avenues for strengthening the light–matter interactions and miniaturizing the devices. This review starts to present how to use metallic nanostructures to enhance light–matter interactions in 2D materials, mainly focusing on photoluminescence, Raman scattering, and nonlinearities of 2D materials. In addition, an overview of ultraconfined acoustic-like plasmons in hybrid graphene–metal structures is given, discussing the nonlocal response and quantum mechanical features of the graphene plasmons and metals. Then, the review summarizes the latest development of 2D material–based optoelectronic devices integrated with plasmonic nanostructures. Both off-chip and on-chip devices including modulators and photodetectors are discussed. The potentials of hybrid 2D materials plasmonic optoelectronic devices are finally summarized, giving the future research directions for applications in optical interconnects and optical communications.
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Bitton, Ora, Satyendra Nath Gupta, and Gilad Haran. "Quantum dot plasmonics: from weak to strong coupling." Nanophotonics 8, no. 4 (February 23, 2019): 559–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2018-0218.
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AbstractThe complementary optical properties of surface plasmon excitations of metal nanostructures and long-lived excitations of semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) make them excellent candidates for studies of optical coupling at the nanoscale level. Plasmonic devices confine light to nanometer-sized regions of space, which turns them into effective cavities for quantum emitters. QDs possess large oscillator strengths and high photostability, making them useful for studies down to the single-particle level. Depending on structure and energy scales, QD excitons and surface plasmons (SPs) can couple either weakly or strongly, resulting in different unique optical properties. While in the weak coupling regime plasmonic cavities (PCs) mostly enhance the radiative rate of an emitter, in the strong coupling regime the energy level of the two systems mix together, forming coupled matter-light states. The interaction of QD excitons with PCs has been widely investigated experimentally as well as theoretically, with an eye on potential applications ranging from sensing to quantum information technology. In this review we provide a comprehensive introduction to this exciting field of current research, and an overview of studies of QD-plasmon systems in the weak and strong coupling regimes.
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Manuel, Ajay, and Karthik Shankar. "Hot Electrons in TiO2–Noble Metal Nano-Heterojunctions: Fundamental Science and Applications in Photocatalysis." Nanomaterials 11, no. 5 (May 10, 2021): 1249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11051249.
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Plasmonic photocatalysis enables innovation by harnessing photonic energy across a broad swathe of the solar spectrum to drive chemical reactions. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the latest developments and issues for advanced research in plasmonic hot electron driven photocatalytic technologies focusing on TiO2–noble metal nanoparticle heterojunctions. In-depth discussions on fundamental hot electron phenomena in plasmonic photocatalysis is the focal point of this review. We summarize hot electron dynamics, elaborate on techniques to probe and measure said phenomena, and provide perspective on potential applications—photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants, CO2 photoreduction, and photoelectrochemical water splitting—that benefit from this technology. A contentious and hitherto unexplained phenomenon is the wavelength dependence of plasmonic photocatalysis. Many published reports on noble metal-metal oxide nanostructures show action spectra where quantum yields closely follow the absorption corresponding to higher energy interband transitions, while an equal number also show quantum efficiencies that follow the optical response corresponding to the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). We have provided a working hypothesis for the first time to reconcile these contradictory results and explain why photocatalytic action in certain plasmonic systems is mediated by interband transitions and in others by hot electrons produced by the decay of particle plasmons.