Journal articles: 'Plastic injection molds'

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Chval, Zdenek, Karel Raz, and Frantisek Sedlacek. "Design of Injection Mold from Plastic Material." Key Engineering Materials 847 (June 2020): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.847.75.

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This paper deals with the use of plastics for making injection molds. Mold production times reduced by 90% and costs cut by up to 75% are some of the benefits of prototype molds from plastic materials. Today, materials with melt temperatures above 300 °C are used for plastic molds. They include ABS, PE, PP and PA. In this study, testing of high-temperature resin from Formlabs was performed. Compression and tensile test data are compared with the datasheet values and with virtual simulations. The tests were carried out at different temperatures. Based on their results, one can identify a suitable molding process with molds from this material.

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Zhao, Zhen Yu, Long Liao, Fei Tang, and Bai Liu. "Moldflow Software in a Complex Plastic Shell Injection Mold Design." Applied Mechanics and Materials 29-32 (August 2010): 646–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.29-32.646.

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The paper describes the important role of Moldflow technology and status. Through the application of Moldflow / MPI (Moldflow Plastics Insight) software for CAE under a comprehensive analysis of the shell molds, injection molding parameters such as mold temperature, melt temperature, injection time and injection pressure are used to simulate the actual production process. This shows the Moldflow technology plays a significant role in the mold development process for optimizing plastic products design, plastic mold design and injection process parameters, etc.

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Li, Shan, Liang Xu, and Yu Qi Wang. "Design and NC Manufacturing of Plastic Injection Mold Based on UG Software." Advanced Materials Research 630 (December 2012): 163–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.630.163.

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On the platform of the UG Software’s CAD/MoldWizard/CAM components, the whole process of design and NC manufacturing of the plastic injection mold of a hair dryer’s shell was completed. The CAD/CAM process of the plastic injection mold was introduced by the practical application. The large advantage of the UG platform over the traditional method in the field of plastic injection molds’ design and manufacturing was reflected. The plastic injection molds’ design and manufacturing is a great challenge to the traditional design and manufacturing method, and the UG solutions can promote mold manufacturers’ ability of design and manufacturing remarkably.

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Mesquita, Rafael Agnelli, and Reinhold S. E. Schneider. "Tool Steel Quality And Surface Finishing of Plastic Molds." Exacta 8, no. 3 (February 16, 2011): 307–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5585/exacta.v8i3.2442.

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Plastic industry is today in a constant growth, demanding several products from other segments, which includes the plastic molds, mainly used in the injection molding process. Considering all the requirements of plastic molds, the surface finishing is of special interest, as the injected plastic part is able to reproduce any details (and also defects) from the mold surface. Therefore, several aspects on mold finishing are important, mainly related to manufacturing conditions – machining, grinding, polishing and texturing, and also related to the tool steel quality, in relation to microstructure homogeneity and non-metallic inclusions (cleanliness). The present paper is then focused on this interrelationship between steel quality and manufacturing process, which are both related to the final quality of plastic mold surfaces. Examples are discussed in terms of surface finishing of plastic molds and the properties or the microstructure of mold steels.

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Mesquita, Rafael Agnelli, and Reinhold S. E. Schneider. "Tool Steel Quality And Surface Finishing of Plastic Molds DOI: 10.5585/exacta.v8i3.2442." Exacta 8, no. 3 (February 16, 2011): 307–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5585/exactaep.v8i3.2442.

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Plastic industry is today in a constant growth, demanding several products from other segments, which includes the plastic molds, mainly used in the injection molding process. Considering all the requirements of plastic molds, the surface finishing is of special interest, as the injected plastic part is able to reproduce any details (and also defects) from the mold surface. Therefore, several aspects on mold finishing are important, mainly related to manufacturing conditions – machining, grinding, polishing and texturing, and also related to the tool steel quality, in relation to microstructure homogeneity and non-metallic inclusions (cleanliness). The present paper is then focused on this interrelationship between steel quality and manufacturing process, which are both related to the final quality of plastic mold surfaces. Examples are discussed in terms of surface finishing of plastic molds and the properties or the microstructure of mold steels.

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Luo, Guang Si. "Research on Three Dimensional Design of Cavity of Injection Molds of Involute Plastic Gears." Advanced Materials Research 472-475 (February 2012): 2859–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.472-475.2859.

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The crux to the 3D design of cavity of injection molds for involute plastic gears is to solve the difficulty in zooming the cavity of molds and the accurate molding of the involute tooth profile. Researches have shown that the shrinkage of involute tooth profile is non-linear during the injection molding process of plastic gears. This paper presents the 3D design of cavity of injection molds for involute gears based on SolidWorks after offering an introduction to the relationship between the cavity tooth profile of injection molds for small-modulus plastic gears and the tooth profile of injection molding part.

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Kojima, Michio, Hiroyuki Narahara, Yoshiyuki Nakao, Hirofumi Fukumaru, Hiroshi Koresawa, Hiroshi Suzuki, and Satoshi Abe. "Permeability Characteristics and Applications of Plastic Injection Molding Fabricated by Metal Laser Sintering Combined with High Speed Milling." International Journal of Automation Technology 2, no. 3 (May 5, 2008): 175–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2008.p0175.

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This paper describes the results of fundamental experiments conducted by injection mold with permeability fabricated by Metal Laser Sintering Combined with High Speed Milling. Metal Laser Sintering Combined with High Speed Milling is attracting attention as a new mold fabrication approach. This machining method combines the metallic powder layer fabrication method with high-speed cutting. Since this process does not have the problem of tool L/D in usual cutting, it provides outstanding shape machining performance of deep ribs etc. Moreover, with this processing method, sintered density can be controlled by changing the exposure conditions of the laser beam, and gas permeable structures can also be manufactured. This fabrication method does not require the mold to be divided. From these features, this method is expected to offer such advantages as quick delivery of molds and low manufacturing costs. However, little is known about the application of laser sintered metallic molds which have gas permeability structure to plastic injection molding, and the practical use of these molds is not easy. The aim of this research was therefore to investigate the gas permeable structures realized by laser sintered metallic mold in plastic injection molding The results confirmed that permeable injection molds are effective for influencing residue air in products.

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Nemoto, Akihiko, Hitoshi Ohmori, Yasuhiko Murata, and Nobuhide Itoh. "Ultraprecision ELID-Grinding of Aspheric WC Lens Mold for Plastic Injection Molding." Key Engineering Materials 447-448 (September 2010): 155–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.447-448.155.

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To cope with increasing demands on ultraprecision profiling and finishing of aspheric lens molds, we have implemented an ultra/ nanoprecision aspheric grinding system to be mounted with an ELID- capability and on-line feedback capability of profile accuracy. A WC mold has successfully ground and finished to be with several nanometric surface smoothness and with ultraprecise profile accuracy by just grinding process with ELID mechanism. Some specific conditions have been investigated to achieve better accuracy and quality on molds. This paper presentation introduce those R&D activities and also discuss on the latest achievements on this topics, with showing injected aspheric lenses by the molds.

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Cao, Xiu Zhong. "Juice Extractor Stent Plastic Mould Structure Design." Applied Mechanics and Materials 214 (November 2012): 173–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.214.173.

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The design of plastic parts structure analysis, confirmed the mould adopts the exactly two cavities, with two points type surface, three board type injection molds. Exhaust systems use the parting surface and lateral slide block clearance, plunger, cooperate with clearance to exhaust, and using a runner filling mold overall layout form. In the mold design process, the design of classification, gating system, exhaust system, cooling system, demoulding mechanism, are introduced in this paper.

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Murata, Yasuhiko, and Masahiro Kuramochi. "Development of Heating and Cooling Injection Mold with Far-Infrared Radiation Heater." International Journal of Automation Technology 10, no. 1 (January 4, 2016): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2016.p0079.

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Several rapid heating and cooling molding methods have been developed for practical use to improve the surface quality of plastic injection-molded products. These methods, however, need expensive equipment and complex molds that require vast know-how, and hence cannot be applied easily to actual production. In order to establish a molding method in which the mold’s cavity surfaces can easily be heated, we designed and manufactured a heating and cooling injection mold with a far-infrared radiation heater. Using this mold, we molded a high-impact polystyrene molded product, and found that the use of such a mold could lead to a decrease in the V-shaped groove depth of weld lines, as well as to an improvement in the transcription of the mold’s cavity surface quality onto the molded product. We also carried out tensile tests on the molded products to confirm whether the use of such a mold could increase the product’s elongation at break.

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GILLOT, F., P. MOGNOL, B. FURET, and J. Y. HASCOET. "PERMANENT RAPID PROTOTYPED MOLDS FOR THIN WALL MAGNESIUM CASTING." Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Systems 04, no. 02 (December 2005): 185–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219686705000643.

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Rapid tooling processes are now well known and largely implemented in the plastic injection industries. Harsh conditions related to metal casting or injection do not allow such rapid tooling processes to be directly applicable. This paper focuses on magnesium alloy casting in rapid prototyped mold with thin walls created by Direct Metal Laser Sintering. Such molds are anisotropic, due to special laser exposure between their skin and core. Hence, experimental results from casting are described and analyzed. The results can help companies improve their rapid prototyping means in the field of magnesium casting of precise parts in permanent molds.

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Saifuddin, Saifuddin, Ramli Usman, and Zuhaimi Zuhaimi. "Pembuatan gelas dengan bahan polypropylene dengan menggunakan cetakan plastik." Jurnal POLIMESIN 16, no. 2 (August 30, 2018): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.30811/jpl.v16i2.558.

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Mould adalah alat yang digunakan untuk menghasilkan produk, yang salah satunya adalah pembentukan produk dari bahan plastik dan dilakukan pada jenis mesin injeksi. Untuk menghasilkan sebuah mould secara tepat, tentunya banyak faktor yang harus dipertimbangkan sehingga produk yang dihasilkan dapat memenuhi standar kualitas yang diinginkan secara optimal baik itu dari kepresisian dimensi, kompleksitas geometri, maupun efisiensi proses. Oleh karena itu sangat diperlukan pengetahuan dan pemahaman tentang dasar teknik desain cetakan, proses manufaktur, proses injeksi dan parameter lain yang berpengaruh terhadap perancangan mould dan produk hasil cetakannya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah merencanakan satu unit cetakan injection moulding untuk membuat cetakan gelas. Metode yang digunakan adalah dengan merencanakan pembuatan mould yang meliputi proses desain/perancangan, pemilihan bahan produk, pemilihan bahan cetakan dan proses manufakturnya. Berdasarkan perhitungan bagian utama cetakan maka didapat total keseluruhan volume produk adalah 523,124 mm3, berat produk 47,081 gram dan gaya injeksi yang di dibutuhkan dalam proses pencetakan ialah: 154,6 N. Kata kunci: Cetakan Plastik, Sistem Injeksi, Cetakan standart, Polypropylene Abstract Mold is a tool used to produce products, one of which is the formation of products from plastic materials and is carried out on the type of injection machine. To produce a mold appropriately, of course there are many factors that must be considered, so that the product produced can meet the desired quality standards optimally, whether from dimensional precision, geometry complexity, or process efficiency. Therefore, there is a great need for knowledge and understanding of the basis of mold design techniques, manufacturing processes, injection processes and other parameters that influence the design of molds and printed products. The purpose of this study was to plan a single injection molding mold to make glass molds. The method used is to plan the manufacture of mold which includes the design / design process, product material selection, selection of printed materials and the manufacturing process. Based on the calculation of the main part of the mold, the total volume of the product is 523.124 mm3, the product weight is 47.081 grams and the injection force required in the printing process is: 154.6 N. Keywords: Plastic Mold, Injection System, Standard Mold, Polypropylene

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Narowski, Przemysław, and Krzysztof Wilczyński. "Polymer Injection Molding: Advanced Simulations or Tablet Computations." Challenges of Modern Technology 7, no. 4 (December 30, 2016): 3–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.8782.

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Simulation of injection molding of polymeric materials is a common way of solving issues in plastic part and injection mold design. CAE software is getting more available and user-friendly, which sometimes leads to unreasonable use cases of these programs. The original, relatively simple tool has been introduced to validate runner systems in injection molds. It allows a fast identification of the most important design parameters of runner system. This tool does not require any support of FEM simulations, but results obtained from it have been successfully compared with injection molding simulations.

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Azuddin, M., Z. Taha, and Imtiaz Ahmed Choudhury. "Observation of Polypropylene (PP) Melt Flow on Macro and Micro Cavities during Filling Phase of Injection Molding." Advanced Materials Research 314-316 (August 2011): 1273–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.314-316.1273.

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The flow of plastic melt in macro and micro parts during the filling phase of injection molding is an interesting area to discover. The visualization technique is a common method used to understand the phenomena of polymer flow in mold cavity. Various shapes and sizes were fabricated on aluminum molds embedded with Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) as observation window. Electrical discharge machining (EDM) and micro mechanical machining method were employed to fabricate plastic parts shape on aluminum mold cavity. This paper focuses and discusses in detail on the Polypropylene (PP) melt flow injected using a custom made vertical injection molding machine. The PP melt flow can be clearly seen through the PMMA window and captured using high speed camera. The captured images are then compared with result from commercially available plastic injection molding software, Autodesk MoldFlow. It was found that there is good agreement for macro plastic parts but not for the micro parts. It can be concluded that, the analysis software has less capability in predicting the flow of melt plastic in micro parts.

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Hadi, Syamsul, Tandya Nanda Haswari Murti, Saifudin Kalih Sayekti, and Agus Setiawan. "Desain dan Pembuatan Cetakan Sistem Injeksi untuk Cetakan Plastik Adonan Donat." INTEK: Jurnal Penelitian 3, no. 2 (October 1, 2016): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31963/intek.v3i2.62.

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The problem lies in the length of process, it is hard tomake, and a donut shape (circle-shaped cake and hollow in the middle) are not good made by the domestic industry that created manually (by hand). The purpose of the design and manufacture of plastic mold injection molding system for donuts is to speed up the processing of dough donut with easy and efficient way. Methods of design and manufacture of plastic molding dough donut capacity of 30 product/hour with injection system include: survey for dimensions of donuts on the market, determining the thermal expansion of the dough after frying for the determination of shrinkage in the dimensions of the mold, mold design on the top and bottom, the design of cooling systems, the design for ejection system for mold products, working drawings, machining components, assembly, testing, and the calculation of production costs. The results of the design and manufacture of plastic molding dough donut is a donut molds for parts of the top and bottom made of plastic material types of polypropylene (PP).

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Yeung Millan, K., J. Wells William, K. Bramall Brian, and V. Laporte Michel. "5641448 Method of producing plastic injection molds for prototype parts." Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems 10, no. 3 (July 1997): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0951-5240(97)90043-4.

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Sorgato, Marco, Davide Masato, Leonardo Piccolo, and Giovanni Lucchetta. "Plastic intensity reduction using thermally insulating coatings for injection molds." CIRP Journal of Manufacturing Science and Technology 30 (August 2020): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cirpj.2020.04.004.

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Jahan, Suchana, and Hazim El-Mounayri. "A Thermomechanical Analysis of Conformal Cooling Channels in 3D Printed Plastic Injection Molds." Applied Sciences 8, no. 12 (December 11, 2018): 2567. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8122567.

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Plastic injection molding is a versatile process, and a major part of the present plastic manufacturing industry. The traditional die design is limited to straight (drilled) cooling channels, which don’t impart optimal thermal (or thermomechanical) performance. With the advent of additive manufacturing technology, injection molding tools with conformal cooling channels are now possible. However, optimum conformal channels based on thermomechanical performance are not found in the literature. This paper proposes a design methodology to generate optimized design configurations of such channels in plastic injection molds. The design of experiments (DOEs) technique is used to study the effect of the critical design parameters of conformal channels, as well as their cross-section geometries. In addition, designs for the “best” thermomechanical performance are identified. Finally, guidelines for selecting optimum design solutions given the plastic part thickness are provided.

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Ye, X. G., J. Y. H. Fuh, and K. S. Lee. "Automatic Undercut Feature Recognition for Side Core Design of Injection Molds." Journal of Mechanical Design 126, no. 3 (October 1, 2003): 519–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1737379.

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For any undercut region of a plastic molded part, a side core has to be designed to form the complex geometry while avoiding the interference between the injection mold and the plastic molded part (molding). Viewing undercuts as features in the context of injection mold design, this paper presents a new method to recognize both isolated and interacting undercut features extracted from a mold cavity or core. With the introduction of the face property and the EAFEG representation scheme, an undercut feature can be precisely defined by an undercut subgraph. Unlike conventional graph-based methods, which recognize features by graph matching, the proposed algorithm recognizes undercut features by searching the cut-sets of subgraphs. After recognizing undercut features, a Boolean operation is used to generate a side core for each undercut. Rules to eliminate the side core intersection are also presented for implementation.

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Bordei, Petru, Constantin Andrei Rusali, Constantin Ionescu, and Valeriu Ardeleanu. "Morphometric Characteristics of Renal Vessels and Ureter Concerned on Mulages Obtained by Plastic Injections." Materiale Plastice 57, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/mp.20.3.5383.

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The study was performed on a number of 48 plastic molds, obtained by injection of Technovit 7143. Technovite is a self-curing resin based on methyl methacrylate. Technovite no longer requires the use of dyes that can adversely affect the polymerization process and has a short polymerization time, making corrosion possible shortly after injection.

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Korotchenko, A. Yu, D. E. Khilkov, M. V. Tverskoy, and A. A. Khilkova. "Development of Ultra-Fluid Compositions of Feedstock for Metal Injection Molding." Materials Science Forum 992 (May 2020): 529–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.992.529.

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In this paper, to reduce the cost of production of parts by injection molding technology of metal powder mixtures (MIM technology), it is proposed to use metal powder mixtures (feedstock) with high fluidity for the manufacture of green parts. High fluidity is achieved by increasing the proportion of paraffin wax in the binder. This can significantly reduce the pressing pressure when pressing the feedstock into the mold cavity to values less than 1 bar, and eliminate the use of expensive injection molding machines with high compression pressure. High fluidity also allows the use of powders with large particle sizes, which significantly reduces the cost of feedstock. The absence of high pressure on the mold walls during the pressing of the feedstock allows the use of molds made of cheaper materials such as silicone, plastic, gypsum and others.

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GAO, Feng, Hiroshi KORESAWA, Hiroyuki NARAHARA, and Hiroshi SUZUKI. "Automatic Shape Generation of Cu-Be Alloy Inserts in Plastic Injection Molds." Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering 68, no. 6 (2002): 777–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2493/jjspe.68.777.

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Özek, Cebeli, and Yahya Hışman Çelık. "Calculating Molding Parameters in Plastic Injection Molds with ANN and Developing Software." Materials and Manufacturing Processes 27, no. 2 (June 13, 2011): 160–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426914.2011.560224.

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Liu, Hang, Yan Xu, Kei Leung Yung, C. L. Kang, and W. Tian. "Plastic Micro Features Produced by Microwelding Machine." Advanced Materials Research 328-330 (September 2011): 1453–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.328-330.1453.

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The method of using microwelding machine to fabricate micro features on a stainless steel micro mould has been studied. The micro features obtained from molding using an ultrasonic microwelding machine have shown distinctive characteristics. The microflow behavior of polymer melt during the microwelding process is also studied. The micro molds of 0.2mm thick and through holes of 0.05mm and 0.2mm in diameters were used. Results show micro features can be produced using the microwelding machine with molding speed comparable to that of micro injection molding.

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Andres, Beatriz, Eduardo Guzman, and Raul Poler. "A Novel MILP Model for the Production, Lot Sizing, and Scheduling of Automotive Plastic Components on Parallel Flexible Injection Machines with Setup Common Operators." Complexity 2021 (February 11, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6667516.

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In this article, a mixed integer linear program (MILP) model is proposed for the production, lot sizing, and scheduling of automotive plastic components to minimize the setup, inventory, stockout, and backorder costs, by taking into account injection molds as the main index to schedule on parallel flexible injection machines. The proposed MILP considers the minimum and maximum inventory capacities and penalizes stockout. A relevant characteristic of the modeled problem is the dependence between mold setups to produce plastic components. The lot sizing and scheduling problem solution results in the assignment of molds to machines during a specific time period and in the calculation of the number of components to be produced, which is often called lot size, following a sequence-dependent setup time. Depending on the machine on which the mold is setup, the number of units to be produced will be distinct because machines differ from one another. The stock coverage, defined in demand days, is also included in the MILP to avoid backorders, which is highly penalized in the automotive supply chain. Added to this, the proposed model is extended by considering setup common operators to respond to and fulfill the constraints that appear in automotive plastic enterprises. In this regard, the MILP presented solves a lot-sizing and scheduling problem, emerged in a second-tier supplier of a real automotive supply chain. Finally, this article validates the MILP by performing experiments with different sized instances, including small, medium, and large. The large-sized dataset is characterized by replicating the amount of data used in the real enterprise, which is the object of this study. The goodness of the model is evaluated with the computational time and the deviation of the obtained results as regards to the optimal solution.

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Zhou, Yongquan, Songling Zhang, Shengyu Zhao, and Huiqun Chen. "Computer Texture Mapping for Laser Texturing of Injection Mold." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 6 (January 1, 2014): 681563. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/681563.

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Laser texturing is a relatively new multiprocess technique that has been used for machining 3D curved surfaces; it is more flexible and efficient to create decorative texture on 3D curved surfaces of injection molds so as to improve the surface quality and achieve cosmetic surface of molded plastic parts. In this paper, a novel method of laser texturing 3D curved surface based on 3-axis galvanometer scanning unit has been presented to prevent the texturing of injection mold surface from much distortion which is often caused by traditional texturing processes. The novel method has been based on the computer texture mapping technology which has been developed and presented. The developed texture mapping algorithm includes surface triangulation, notations, distortion measurement, control, and numerical method. An interface of computer texture mapping has been built to implement the algorithm of texture mapping approach to controlled distortion rate of 3D texture math model from 2D original texture applied to curvature surface. Through a case study of laser texturing of a high curvature surface of injection mold of a mice top case, it shows that the novel method of laser texturing meets the quality standard of laser texturing of injection mold.

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Torres-Alba, Abelardo, Jorge Manuel Mercado-Colmenero, Daniel Diaz-Perete, and Cristina Martin-Doñate. "A New Conformal Cooling Design Procedure for Injection Molding Based on Temperature Clusters and Multidimensional Discrete Models." Polymers 12, no. 1 (January 7, 2020): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12010154.

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This paper presents a new method for the automated design of the conformal cooling system for injection molding technology based on a discrete multidimensional model of the plastic part. The algorithm surpasses the current state of the art since it uses as input variables firstly the discrete map of temperatures of the melt plastic flow at the end of the filling phase, and secondly a set of geometrical parameters extracted from the discrete mesh together with technological and functional requirements of cooling in injection molds. In the first phase, the algorithm groups and classifies the discrete temperature of the nodes at the end of the filling phase in geometrical areas called temperature clusters. The topological and rheological information of the clusters along with the geometrical and manufacturing information of the surface mesh remains stored in a multidimensional discrete model of the plastic part. Taking advantage of using genetic evolutionary algorithms and by applying a physical model linked to the cluster specifications the proposed algorithm automatically designs and dimensions all the parameters required for the conformal cooling system. The method presented improves on any conventional cooling system design model since the cooling times obtained are analogous to the cooling times of analytical models, including boundary conditions and ideal solutions not exceeding 5% of relative error in the cases analyzed. The final quality of the plastic parts after the cooling phase meets the minimum criteria and requirements established by the injection industry. As an additional advantage the proposed algorithm allows the validation and dimensioning of the injection mold cooling system automatically, without requiring experienced mold designers with extensive skills in manual computing.

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Tillmann, Lopes Dias, Stangier, and Gelinski. "Tribological Performance of PVD Film Systems Against Plastic Counterparts for Adhesion-Reducing Application in Injection Molds." Coatings 9, no. 9 (September 17, 2019): 588. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9090588.

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The deposition of physical vapor deposition (PVD) hard films is a promising approach to enhance the tribological properties of injection molds in plastic processing. However, the adhesion is influenced by the pairing of PVD film and processed plastic. For this reason, the friction behavior of different PVD films against polyamide, polypropylene, and polystyrene was investigated in tribometer tests by correlating the relation between the roughness and the adhesion. It was shown that the dispersive and polar surface energy have an impact on the work of adhesion. In particular, Cr-based nitrides with a low polar component exhibit the lowest values ranging from 65.5 to 69.4 mN/m when paired with the polar polyamide. An increased roughness leads to a lower friction due to a reduction of the adhesive friction component, whereas a higher work of adhesion results in higher friction for polyamide and polypropylene. Within this context, most Cr-based nitrides exhibited coefficients of friction below 0.4. In contrast, polystyrene leads to a friction-reducing material transfer. Therefore, a customized deposition of the injection molds with an appropriated PVD film system should be carried out according to the processed plastic.

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Chardon, Grégory, Hélène Chanal, Emmanuel Duc, and Thierry Garnier. "Study of surface finish of fiber-reinforced composite molds." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 231, no. 4 (August 8, 2016): 576–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954405415617929.

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One of the primary processes for the production of composite parts is the liquid composite molding process. This process is based on the injection of resin into a mold, which is usually metallic. Today, studies are being undertaken to produce these molds using Hextool™, a carbon fiber–reinforced thermosetting plastic. The molds, constructed by draping prepregs, must be finished by free-form machining to ensure the dimensional and surface quality requirements. An arithmetic roughness of 0.8 µm is required, and this quality is not attained by milling operations. Thus, a manual polishing operation is necessary. However, to minimize the time taken by this manual operation, it is necessary to verify the roughness obtained by milling. Thus, the work presented in this article consists first of a study of the capability of milling to produce molds from Hextool with given surface quality requirements. The conclusion of this study is to define values of radial depth of cut to attain a surface quality with minimum machining time. Second, this work highlights how to replace the manual polishing operation by a machining operation with an abrasive diamond tool. Thus, the capability of an abrasive diamond tool to machine a mold with high surface requirements is discussed.

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Aguero, A., P. Lowden, and S. Sawyer. "LOW TEMPERATURE CVD TiN COATINGS FOR CARBIDE CUTTING TOOLS AND PLASTIC INJECTION MOLDS." Materials and Manufacturing Processes 6, no. 4 (January 1991): 671–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426919108934796.

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Orazi, L., M. Sorgato, L. Piccolo, D. Masato, and G. Lucchetta. "Generation and Characterization of Laser Induced Periodic Surface Structures on Plastic Injection Molds." Lasers in Manufacturing and Materials Processing 7, no. 2 (April 19, 2020): 207–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40516-020-00115-1.

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Pessoles, Xavier, and Christophe Tournier. "Automatic polishing process of plastic injection molds on a 5-axis milling center." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 209, no. 7 (April 2009): 3665–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2008.08.034.

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Wiranegara, Haruman, Muhammad Nauval Fauzi, and Shinta Virdhian. "Precision Mold of Prototype Titanium Orthopedic Implant using Metal Injection Molding Approach." Jurnal Rekayasa Mesin 11, no. 3 (December 15, 2020): 487–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jrm.2020.011.03.21.

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MIDC’s researchers in fulfilling Industry Development Programme have taken a step to develop technology in the design application of orthopedic implants to help suppress the rate of imported medical devices in Indonesia. This research objective was to make a prototype plate for a jawbone connector that meets the geometric specifications with the metal injection molding approach. The jawbone connector plate has a very small size of about 2 mm x 20 mm x 0.5 mm that needs precision mold with certain geometric specifications. MIM approach was used, from the literature reviews that show MIM is the appropriate process for manufacturing implants. The phases of MIM were done according to the standard reference which is making raw materials or feedstock, gatting system design, flow simulation, precision mold producing, mold testing, injection process, debinding, sintering, and mechanical product testing. The results of this study were precision molds with several variants and were test using plastic polypropylene to see the performance of the mold. The researchers then produce the jawbone connector implant using feedstock material. The test result conducted in MIDC successfully shows that the mold can produce shapes that match the required geometry.

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Janowski, Grzegorz. "Characteristic of micro injection molding process. Molds, optimization of the process, application with specification to automotive industry." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 19, no. 1-2 (February 28, 2018): 48–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2018.006.

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The growing needs for miniaturization of plastic parts motivates to the development of micro injection molding technology. Characteristic features of this process such as: low manufacturing costs, short process duration, the ability to produce details of various dimensions and a wide range of plastic properties allow to mass dissemination of this technology. Research on micro injection molding develops in a very fast time, which gives high hopes for a successful overcoming of the real limitations of this technology. This gives a great perspective on the development of the possibility of using micro injection parts e.g. in the automotive industry. This paper presents the possibilities of manufacturing molds for micro injection molding. The issue of process optimization has been discussed, taking into consideration the main technological parameters influencing the quality of micro-part. In addition, the possibility of using microdetals, including the automotive industry was presented.

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Sarmiento-Merida, L. A., A. Guevara-Morales, and U. Figueroa-López. "Determining the Optimum Parting Direction in Plastic Injection Molds Based on Minimizing Rough Machining Time during Mold Manufacturing." Advances in Polymer Technology 37, no. 1 (January 25, 2016): 194–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adv.21656.

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Huang, Xiao Yan, De Qun Li, and Qiang Xu. "Gate Location Optimization in Injection Molding Based on Empirical Search Method." Materials Science Forum 575-578 (April 2008): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.575-578.55.

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In injection mold, design of gate location is among the most critical factors in achieving dimensionally accurate parts and high productivity of the molding process, since it influences the manner in which the plastic flows into the mold cavity. To automatically predict the optimal gate location of injection molds based on injection-molding simulation, a new and practical method: empirical search method according to the analysis of common optimization methods has been presented in this article. In this method, the gate location scope is initiated by the practical experience of mold designer so that the core for the gate location optimization is construction of empirical library. In order to build the empirical library, in terms of shape and function characteristic of injection-molding part, all the parts are classified six kinds: shell, container, plate, structural part, ornamental part and transparent part, and the corresponding design rules are kept in the empirical library. In addition, this article combines the empirical search method and numerical simulation technique, builds the mathematics model for the gate location optimization of plate part in empirical library and obtains the gate location optimization scheme for this kind of part through one concrete numerical example. The analysis and verification by adopting the software Moldflow testify the optimization mathematics model is effective.

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GOGOLEV, G. V. "OPTION OF HEAT PIPES FOR COOLING OF MOLDS DURING INJECTION MOLDING PLASTICS." Fundamental and Applied Problems of Engineering and Technology 3 (2021): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.33979/2073-7408-2021-347-3-57-62.

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In the article analyzed possibility using of heat pipes and two–phase thermal siphons in production plastic injection molding and die casting of zinc alloys. The advantages of heat pipes make it possible to use them to remove heat from hard–to–reach place of casting molds. Results of the comparative analyses of the work of various heat pipes are presented. The experimental researches were in the real temperature range of work carried out. The article gives recommendations on the option of capillary–porous structures and working fluids of heat pipes. The arterial heat pipe design proposed. The optimal geometric characteristics of mesh porous structure of this heat pipe are determined.

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Tseng, Ampere A., and Jeffrey D. Kaplan. "A computer-aided analysis of automatic degating molds for injection molding of plastic balls." Polymer Engineering and Science 34, no. 3 (February 1994): 238–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760340310.

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Silva, F. J. G., M. R. Soares, L. P. Ferreira, A. C. Alves, M. Brito, R. D. S. G. Campilho, and V. F. C. Sousa. "A Novel Automated System for the Handling of Car Seat Wires on Plastic Over-Injection Molding Machines." Machines 9, no. 8 (July 25, 2021): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines9080141.

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The structure of car seats is becoming increasingly complex, with mixing of wire conformation and plastic injection. The plastic over-molding process implies some labor, which can be reduced if novel solutions are applied in this manufacturing area. The handling of the wires used in car seats is the main problem identified in the process, wasting time both in the feeding and in the extraction of the molds used in the wire over-molding process. However, these machines are usually extremely compact and the free space around them is too short. In classic molding injection machines, there are just two half-molds, the female, and the male. In the over-molding process of wires used in car seats, three half-molds are used in order to increase the cycle time. Thus, to solve this problem, the classic robotic solutions are not appliable due to lack of space and elevated cost. This work describes the development of an automated solution able to handle the wires in both the feeding and the extracting phases of the production cycle, avoiding the traditional labor costs associated with this type of machine. Departing from an industrial need, the developed novel solution is described in detail and can be successfully adapted to other situations of low added-value products where it is needed to increase the productivity and competitiveness of the product. The system developed uses mechanical and pneumatic solutions which, combined, can be used to solve the identified problem, occupying a restricted space and requiring a small budget. This solution can be translated into guidelines that will allow the analysis of situations where the same system can be applied.

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Uhlmann, Eckart, Christoph Hein, Julian Polte, Mitchel Polte, and Christian Jahnke. "Fräsen von Wolframkarbid- basierten MMC-Werkstoffen/Milling of tungsten carbide-based MMC-materials – Optimization of micro-milling parameters for industrial application." wt Werkstattstechnik online 110, no. 07-08 (2020): 462–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/1436-4980-2020-07-08-6.

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Die Herstellung von Kunststoffkomponenten mittels Spritzguss ist weit verbreitet. Spritzgusswerkzeuge, welche statt aus Stahl aus NE-Metallen und durch Fräsen gefertigt werden, können die Wirtschaftlichkeit steigern. Um den Belastungen beim Spritzgießen gerecht zu werden, können diese Werkezuge durch das Einbringen von Hartpartikel in ihre Oberfläche gegen Verschleiß verstärkt werden. Gegenstand dieses Beitrages ist das Mikrofräsen solcher Verschleißschutzschichten (Metal-Matrix-Composites). Dafür wurde polykristalliner Diamant ohne Bindephase als Schneidstoff qualifiziert.   The production of plastic parts by injection molding is widespread due to its high cost-effectiveness. Micro-milling of the needed molds from non-ferrous metals instead of steel can further increase economic efficiency. In order to meet the local loads during injection molding, these molds can be reinforced by inserting tungsten carbide particles into their surface where needed. The subject of this investigation is the micro-milling process of the resulting metal-matrix-composite materials. Binderless polycrystalline diamond was qualified as an innovative cutting material and the potential for industry was demonstrated.

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Rech, J., C. Le Calvez, and M. Dessoly. "A new approach for the characterization of machinability—application to steels for plastic injection molds." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 152, no. 1 (October 2004): 66–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2004.03.010.

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Irani, R. K., B. H. Kim, and J. R. Dixon. "Towards Automated Design of the Feed System of Injection Molds by Integrating CAE, Iterative Redesign and Features." Journal of Engineering for Industry 117, no. 1 (February 1, 1995): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2803281.

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A prototype software system that automatically designs the gating and runner systems, which comprise the feed system, of injection molds is described. The system, called AMDS (Automated Mold Design System), integrates CAE, with iterative redesign and knowledge stored in a features representation of the part. Gating design involves the generation of the best gating configuration represented by number, location, and type of gates, and the determination of the best conditions under which plastic should enter through the gates. Runner design also involves the generation of a runner layout followed by the sizing of the runner segments. The design of both systems is iterative, whereby the design variables are changed, the new design analyzed, evaluated, and redesigned if necessary, until an acceptable design is obtained. The evaluation of the gating design is based on eighteen performance parameters, while the evaluation of the runner system is based on four performance parameters. The system has been tested on three-dimensional parts made up of planar rectangular wall features with holes as add-on features.

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Zhu, Lai Fa, Bin Liu, and Jian Wen Xu. "Prediction of EVA Plastic's Expansion Ratio Based on BP Neural Network." Applied Mechanics and Materials 364 (August 2013): 529–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.364.529.

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Combined with Taguchi method of experimental design and BP neural network technology, select process parameters including molding temperature, molding time and injection pressure, Taguchi experiments are respectively arranged for different diameters of sphere and cylinder, different side lengths of tri-prism and quadrangular prism, different thicknesses of thin sheet without hole and with hole etc. molds, then these experiment results are used as neural network sample data, and expansion ratio of EVA plastic can be predicted more accurately after neural network is trained.

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Fabian, Michal, Róbert Boslai, Peter Ižol, Jaroslava Janeková, Jana Fabianová, Gabriel Fedorko, and Pavol Božek. "Use of Parametric 3D Modelling - Tying Parameter Values to Spreadsheets at Designing Molds for Plastic Injection." Manufacturing Technology 15, no. 1 (February 1, 2015): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21062/ujep/x.2015/a/1213-2489/mt/15/1/24.

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Jahan, Suchana, Tong Wu, Yung Shin, Andres Tovar, and Hazim El-Mounayri. "Thermo-fluid Topology Optimization and Experimental Study of Conformal Cooling Channels for 3D Printed Plastic Injection Molds." Procedia Manufacturing 34 (2019): 631–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2019.06.120.

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Phillips, Jonathan, Anthony Janssen, Troy Y. Ansell, and Claudia C. Luhrs. "Creating Strong Titanium/Titanium Hydride Brown Bodies at Ambient Pressure and Moderate Temperatures." Materials 13, no. 21 (November 6, 2020): 5008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13215008.

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A simple, low temperature, method, hydrogen-enhanced atomic transport (HEAT), for creating metallic-bonded brown bodies of order 40% bulk density in molds of designed shape from Ti metal particles is introduced. In this initial study 40 micron titanium particles were poured into graphite molds, then heated to temperatures equal to or greater than 650 °C for four hours in a flowing ambient pressure gas mixture containing some hydrogen led to brown body formation that closely mimicked the mold shape. The brown bodies were shown to be dense, metallic bonded, and consisted of primarily Ti metal, but also some TiH. It is postulated that hydrogen is key to the sintering mechanism: it enables the formation of short-lived TiHx species, volatile at the temperatures employed, that lead to sintering via an Ostwald Ripening mechanism. Data consistent with this postulate include findings that brown bodies are formed with hydrogen present (HEAT process) had mechanical robustness and only suffered plastic deformation at high pressure (ca. 5000 Atm). In contrast, brown bodies made in identical conditions, except the flowing gas did not contain hydrogen, were brittle, and broke into micron scale particles under much lower pressure. HEAT appears to have advantages relative to existing titanium metal part manufacturing methods such as powder injection molding that require many more steps, particularly debinding, and other methods, such as laser sintering, that are slower, require very expensive hardware and expert operation.

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Hung, Mîng Chih, Yao Yang Tsai, and Lin Wang. "Using Electro-Rheological Chain Structure to Improve SKD11 Surface." Advanced Materials Research 126-128 (August 2010): 527–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.126-128.527.

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In the past half century, EDM (electrical discharge machining) is one of the most popular methods for manufacturing casting and plastic injection molds. Unlike other traditional mechanical cutting methods, EDM removes materials away by sparks, which leads to high temperature and pressure. As a result, it has no restriction to hardness because of its non-contact property. However, there will be recast layers on the surface of work-pieces and thus the surface need improved. In order to decrease the surface roughness, we added different powders into dielectric to become ERF (electrorheological fluid). By rotating spindle, the chain structures of ERF can improve surface of SKD11. The result shows that, when the gap is 100μm and electrode φ2, starch has 61% improvement rate and Al2O3 has 14.97%.

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Wang, You Liang, Yong Bo Wu, and Mitsuyoshi Nomura. "Nano-Precision Polishing of Oxygen-Free Copper Using MCF (Magnetic Compound Fluid) Slurry." Advanced Materials Research 1136 (January 2016): 455–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1136.455.

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Oxygen-free copper (OFC) is a popular material used for molds/dies in injection molding of plastic lens because of its high ductility, strong impact strength and good thermal conductivity. nanoprecision polishing is essential as the final process in its fabrication. For this purpose, a novel polishing method using magnetic compound fluid (MCF) slurry was proposed. In this article, the construction of an experimental rig to realize the proposed method was described at first. Then the effects of process parameters including MCF slurry composition, workpiece oscillation parameter f/Ap-p and clearance Δ between workpiece and MCF carrier on work-surface roughness and material removal were experimentally investigated. As a result, nanoprecision surface finish of OFC was successfully attained by polishing with MCF slurry and the optimum process parameters (f/Ap-p=30 Hz/4mm, Δ=0.6 mm with an MCF slurry (45wt.% of CIP, 12 wt.% of Al2O3 grain, 3 wt.% of α-cellulose, 40 wt.% of MF) for obtaining the smoothest work-surface were determined.

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Marin, Felipe, Adriano Fagali de Souza, Carlos Henrique Ahrens, and Luis Norberto López de Lacalle. "A new hybrid process combining machining and selective laser melting to manufacture an advanced concept of conformal cooling channels for plastic injection molds." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 113, no. 5-6 (February 8, 2021): 1561–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-021-06720-4.

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Alves, Cristiano, Tiago Custódio, Pedro Silva, Jorge Silva, Carlos Rodrigues, Rui Lourenço, Rui Pessoa, et al. "smartPlastic: Innovative Touch-Based Human-Vehicle Interface Sensors for the Automotive Industry." Electronics 10, no. 11 (May 22, 2021): 1233. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10111233.

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Environmental concern regularly leads to the study and improvement of manufacturing processes and the development of new industrial products. The purpose of this work is to optimize the amount of injected plastic and reduce the number of parts used in the production of entrance panels to control features inside the car cabin. It focuses on a particular case study, namely the control of opening and closing windows and rotation of the rear-view mirrors of a car, maintaining all of the functionality and introducing a futuristic and appealing design inline with new autonomous driving vehicles. For this purpose, distinct low-cost touch sensor technologies were evaluated and the performance of several types of sensors that were integrated with plastic polymers of distinct thickness was analyzed. Discrete sensors coupled to the plastic part were tested and integrated in the injected plastic procedure. In the former, sensitivity tests were performed for finding the maximum plastic thickness detectable by the different sensors. For the latter, experiments were carried out on the sensors subject to very high pressure and temperature inside the molds—the two most relevant characteristics of industrial plastic injection in this context—and functional results were observed later. We conclude that, by changing the way the user interacts with the car cabin, the replacement of conventional mechanical buttons—composed of dozens of parts—by a component consisting of a single plastic part that is associated with conventional low-cost electronics allows the control of a more diversified set of features, including many that are not yet usual in the interior of automobiles today, but that will eventually be required in the near future of autonomous driving, in which the user will interact less with driving and more with other people or services around her/him, namely of the multimedia type. Additionally, the economic factor was considered, namely regarding the cost of the new technology as well as its manufacturing, replacement, and subsequent recycling processes.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Plastic injection molds'

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