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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Plastic waste management'
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Siu, Chi-man Benny. "Environmental management of plastic waste /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B37117464.
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Siu, Chi-man Benny, and 蕭志敏. "Environmental management of plastic waste." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45013585.
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McDonald, Seonaidh. "The management of post-consumer plastics waste recycling in the UK." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/1786.
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This thesis examines the management of post-consumer plastics waste recycling in the UK. It brings together information and approaches from a number of disciplines in order to present a comprehensive view of the post-consumer plastics waste recycling industry and provide insight into participation issues. Two Scottish collection schemes are utilised as case studies throughout. The thesis summarises current practice in post-consumer plastics recycling and describes the processes associated with it. It also presents a summary of legislation relevant to plastics recycling in the UK, EC and US in particular. The thesis includes a quantitative survey of 500 members of the public that analyses their recycling behaviour and factors that affect motivation. It also looks at public perceptions of plastics. This is complemented by a qualitative study of plastics recyclers that examines recycling routines in more detail, and explores issues that affect the participation, and quality of donation, of individuals. The evaluation of post-consumer plastics recycling schemes is discussed, and models are developed in order to assessth eir financial viability. The lessons gained from this programme of research are then summarised in a policy framework.
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Mewes, Daniela. "Applications of Solar Thermal Technology for Plastic Waste Management in Developing Communities." Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-232672.
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As the plastic industry continues to grow globally, with plastic materials contained in a vast quantity of consumer products, the management of the resultant waste has become one of the greatest challenges of our time. Greater than 8 million metric tons of plastics were estimated to enter the world’s oceans as of 2010, with an even larger amount remaining on land. The associated ecological and health effects of plastic waste disposal are many, and existing solutions can only tackle small portions of the waste.China and Indonesia top the current list of contributors to ocean contamination with plastic waste, which is dominated by Asian countries. China in particular is positioned as the world’s leader in plastic production. The waste management scenarios of these countries and associated energy outlooks are discussed, where the plastic waste of the islands of Indonesia is mostly a result of residential, not industrial activities. These calculations are projected to 2025 with recent values of population growth, as an update to previous literature, with Vietnam now expected to supersede both Indonesia and the Philippines. Given the available solar resource in the top coastal plastic waste producing nations, many of which lie within close proximity to the equator, the feasibility of applying solar thermal power for the melting of plastic waste is examined. Melting points of common plastics are typically below 200°C, and thus lie within the range of low-temperature parabolic solar thermal systems.A prototype non-evacuated tube parabolic trough was constructed following methodologies for accessible technologies for the developing world. Tests in Stockholm, Sweden demonstrated its ability to partially melt waste ABS from a 3D printer. Internal temperatures up to 211°C were recorded in further tests in Ioannina, Greece, where HDPE, LDPE, and PP were successfully melted along with waste household items. Heat loss was calculated as well as associated internal dynamics, examining the interaction of ambient conditions with the chosen design parameters. Additional testing is needed to constrain surface heat loss for higher temperature applications such as plastics like PET that melt above the exhibited range. Future refinements to the design are discussed as well as the role micro-projects have in the reduction of plastic waste at its source within developing countries.Plastindustrin fortsätter att växa årligen, med plast som finns i en stor mängd konsumentprodukter, har hanteringen av det resulterande avfallet blivit en av de största utmaningarna i vår tid. Mer än 8 miljoner ton av plast beräknades nå världens hav varje år enligt en studie ifrån 2010, med en ännu större mängd kvar på land. De därmed sammanhängande ekologiska och hälsopåverkande effekterna av att leva med en sådan mängd plastavfall är många, och befintliga lösningar kan bara hantera små delar av avfallet.Kina och Indonesien leder nuvarande lista över bidragsgivare till havsplast, som domineras av asiatiska länder. Kina är i synnerhet världsledande inom plastproduktion. Avfallshanteringsscenarierna i dessa länder och därtill hörande energiutsikter diskuteras, där plastavfallet på Indonesiens öar främst är ett resultat av bostads-, och inte industriell verksamhet. Dessa beräkningar projiceras till 2025 med de senaste värdena av befolkningstillväxt, som en uppdatering till tidigare litteratur, där Vietnam nu förväntas överträffa både Indonesien och Filippinerna. Med tanke på den tillgängliga solressursen i de största bidragande kustområderna, av vilka många ligger i närheten av ekvatorn, undersöks möjligheten att applicera solvärme för smältning av plastavfall. Smältpunkterna av vanlig plast är vanligtvis under 200 °C och ligger således inom området för lågtemperaturparabola solvärmesystem.En prototyp med icke-evakuerat rörparaboliskt tråg konstruerades enligt metoder och tillgänglig teknik för utvecklingsvärlden. Test i Stockholm visade på förmåga att delvis smälta rest ABS från en 3D-skrivare. Interna temperaturer upp till 211 °C registrerades i ytterligare tester i Ioannina, Grekland, där HDPE, LDPE och PP framgångsrikt smältes tillsammans med avfallshushållsartiklar. Värmeförlusten beräknades liksom tillhörande inre dynamik, genom att undersöka samspelet mellan omgivningsförhållandena och de utvalda designparametrarna. Ytterligare testning behövs för att begränsa ytvärmeförlusten vid högre temperaturapplikationer, såsom PET plast som smälter över det uppvisade intervallet. Framtida förädlingar till designen diskuteras liksom den roll som lokala mindre projekt har i minskningen av plastavfall vid dess källa inom utvecklingsländerna.
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Ho, Yuet-wah, and 何月華. "A critical analysis of management and disposal options of plastic waste in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31254561.
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Kumar, Jasti Sudhir [Verfasser]. "Plastic Waste - Fuel. Municipal Solid Waste Management : A Case Study of Municipal Corporation of Eluru, A.P, India / Jasti Sudhir Kumar." Munich : GRIN Verlag, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1097481611/34.
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Avramidou, Sara, and Maria Tellstedt. "The Management of CSR within the plastic industry : A study of plastic producing companies within the Gnosjö region in Sweden." Thesis, Jönköping University, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-48506.
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Background: The matter of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has more and more become a topic of interest today. As the concept has gained attention, the emphasis on its different concepts has shifted from the focus lying on the social responsibilities, to being more about the environmental responsibilities and impact of companies. Although the attention put on CSR and the environment has increased, an increase in the amount of plastic waste is still seen in the world. In Sweden, corporations accounts for as much as 50% of the total amount of plastic waste every year. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to analyse the management of environmental Corporate Social Responsibility in plastic producing companies, specifically the management of CSR within the Gnosjö region in Sweden Method: This qualitative study involves multiple case studies primarily based on semi-structured interviews with managers of plastic producing companies in the Gnosjö region of Sweden. Findings: The study showed that plastic companies are challenged in several ways, like re-using their production waste, caring for their employees, switching to more sustainable energy sources, and adhering to sustainable standards. Thus, companies’ goals are required to satisfy environmental demands by positioning their CSR-work towards customers’ environmental needs. Conclusion: This thesis conclude that companies’ have different views on the meaning of CSR. It was found that sales and profit were the main motivators of adopting CSR practices, followed by some ethical aspects. Companies will continue to experience an increased demand for recycled plastics and that the importance of CSR will persistently grow. New knowledge demands the development of new materials and better strategies for recycling.
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Ojoawo, Babatunde I. "Large Scale Production of Hydrogen Via Steam Reforming of Waste Plastic Pyrolysis Gas." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1596125244460537.
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Jedličková, Kateřina. "Technologické koncepty pro čištění oceánů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-416457.
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The main aim of this master's thesis is the world ocean pollution by plastic waste. The introductory part of the thesis contains general information about the production of plastics and plastic waste, followed by data on ocean pollution by plastic waste including the estimated amount, pollution sources, and composition. Part of the thesis consists of the introduction of known concepts that are already actively looking for a solution to marine waste and of their mutual comparison. The following part deals with the plastic waste management, the possibilities of its treatment and utilization. The last area is the draft of an alternative system that is focused on an effective solution in accordance with environmental aspects. Within this draft, a material and economic balance is made.
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Desam, Padmabhushana R. "A system analysis of converting non-recyclable plastic waste into value-added products in a paper industry cluster." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/100360.
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Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, System Design and Management Program, 2013.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 59-61).
Waste plastic, both industrial and municipal sources, is posing a major environmental challenges in developing countries such as India due to improper disposal methods. Large quantities of non-recyclable plastic waste get collected in paper recycling plants in Muzaffamagar and other regions in India. The plastic waste is typically in the form of protective covers, thin film, binding coils etc., which gets separated from paper during the pulping process. Because of its low value in recycling markets, the plastic waste is currently being burned as a substitute fuel for biomass in meeting the steam generation needs in paper production. Though incineration of plastic along with other solid waste for energy recovery is a common practice in countries like Europe, low technology employed in grate boilers without proper environmental equipment are creating serious problems in this region due to combustion-generated pollution. Instead, pyrolysis technologies in combination with innovative catalysts are evolving in recent years for converting waste plastic into fuel oil, diesel, and LPG. These technologies are proven to be safe and environmental-friendly, while producing value-added products that are in high demand. The primary objective of this research study is to investigate suitable technologies to convert waste plastic that is generated in the Muzaffarnagar paper cluster into value-added products, while considering certain unique requirements such as the ability to handle large quantities of mixed plastic, availability of biomass heating sources, lack of skilled workers, and limited capital and operating costs that play an important role in new technology adoption. Moreover, implementation of a suitable technology subject to economic and social considerations in this region is explored at a system-level. This systems thinking approach is deemed to be suitable for handling such complex problems, where non-technical issues play a crucial role in finding an appropriate solution.
by Padmabhushana R. Desam.
S.M. in Engineering and Management
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Rizzoli, Nicolò. "Appropriate Technology in a Zambian Community: an Approach for a Sustainable Waste Management System." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/15635/.
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Il presente elaborato ha come aspetto centrale quello delle tecnologie appropriate nell’ambito della gestione de rifiuti, senza dimenticare i temi della sostenibilità e dello sviluppo sostenibile, strettamente legati per natura al paradigma delle tecnologie appropriate. Ai fondamenti teorici è affiancato un lavoro sul campo della durata di 3 mesi e svolto in una comunità situata nella periferia a Ovest della città di Lusaka, in Zambia. In particolare, l’elaborato è strutturato come segue.
Il primo capitolo è prettamente teorico e ha l’intento di sviluppare i temi alla base dell’elaborato, i quali, a causa della loro importanza ai fini di una buona riuscita del lavoro sul campo successivamente svolto, trovano spazio anche nel titolo della tesi. Essi sono: tecnologie appropriate, sostenibilità e gestione dei rifiuti. Affinchè vengano spiegati in maniera efficace, essi sono analizzati sia in linea generica, sia applicati al campo dei paesi in via di sviluppo.
All’interno del secondo capitolo si entrerà più nel dettaglio del tema della gestione dei rifiuti e nel quale si andrà più strettamente a contatto con la realtà zambiana, ossia quella indagata.
Con il terzo capitolo, si apre la parte operativa dell’elaborato: dapprima viene data una panoramica sia storica che geografica della comunità di Koinonia. In seguito si passa all’analisi e alle possibilità di ottimizzazione del sistema di gestione dei rifiuti. Vengono approfondite le opportunità ritenute più interessanti per ogni categoria di rifiuti che ci si è preposti di differenziare, e cioè rifiuti generici, plastica e rifiuti organici.
Nel quarto ed ultimo capitolo ci si concentra, facendo riferimento alla situazione di povertà in cui allo stato attuale versa più di un miliardo di persone sulla faccia del pianeta, sulla mancanza di accesso, per molti di questi, alle forme più moderne di energia.
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Wiberg, Oscar, and Anton Östblom. "Developing a SustainableSupply Chain for Waste Management : A Case Study of Lombok." Thesis, KTH, Industriell produktion, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-278160.
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Lombok is an island in Indonesia located next to, and slightly smaller than Bali. The tropical island has the potential tobecome “the next Bali” in terms of tourism and is like many other developing countries, suffering from inadequate solid waste management, as of 2020 only managing 20% of its waste. The aim of this report is to map the current situation regarding the solid waste management system, present business opportunities within plastic recycling, present challenges and recommend future steps. A literature review is conducted to give a better understanding of waste treatment methods, waste management in developing countries, the demand of recycled plastics, and foreign direct investments in Indonesia. To map the current waste management situation, a field study is conducted with multiple visits to waste management facilities, and interviews with members of Lombok’s Zero Waste Program. The different aspects of Lombok’s waste management supply chain are explained and other important factors regarding the situation. The mapping is sufficient to serve as an overview and background information for organizations within the field, potential investors, further research, and for our recommendations. The report also contains a case study of a recycling business and a case study of Lombok’s largest landfill. Plastic recycling businesses are in need of expansion and financing from both the public and private sectors. An important finding is that profitable plastic recycling businesses already exist on Lombok, plastic recycling is otherwise often seen as a cost burden. Business and investment opportunities in plastic recycling on Lombok are therefore presented to highlight the fact that plastic recycling can be profitable and economically sustainable. Recommendations to increase the efficiency of current recycling procedures are also presented. If Lombok is going to be able to manage all of its waste, it needs more facilities, and there are many choices of waste treatment methods. Our recommendations for the near future are the following: build a new landfill with proper treatment techniques and an incineration plant to reduce the amount of waste being dumped on landfills, and continue to develop infrastructure for composting and plastic recycling. Composting and plastic recycling are the most sustainable alternatives in the long term, with the aim to reduce the amount of waste being dumped on the landfill or incinerated. Awareness about waste management and financing are two of the major challenges to achieve the short and long term recommendations.Lombok är en ö i Indonesien belägen bredvid och något mindre än Bali. Den tropiska ön har potential att bli “nästaBali” när det gäller turism och lider av otillräcklig avfallshantering likt många andra utvecklingsländer. I dagsläget, år 2020, hanterar man endast 20% av mängden avfall. Syftet med denna rapport är att kartlägga den nuvarande avfallshanteringen, rekommendera framtida steg och presentera affärsmöjligheter inom plaståtervinning. En litteraturstudie genomförs för att ge förståelse för de vanligaste avfallshanterings-metoderna, avfallshantering i utvecklingsländer, efterfrågan på återvunnen plast och utländska direktinvesteringar i Indonesien. För att kartlägga avfallshanteringen genomförs en fältstudie med besök på flera avfallshanteringsanläggningar och intervjuer med medlemmarna i Lomboks Zero Waste Program. De olika delarna av Lomboks avfallshantering presenteras samt andra relevanta faktorer. Kartläggningen är tillräcklig för att användas av organisationer inom avfallshantering, potentiella investerare, vidare forskning samt för rapportens rekommendationer. Rapporten innehåller också en fallstudie av ett återvinningsföretag och en fallstudie av Lomboks största soptipp. Det finns ett behov och marknad för plaståtervinning på ön, där det krävs ytterligare finansiering från offentlig och privat sektor. En viktigt upptäckt är att det redan finns lönsamma företag inom plaståtervinning på Lombok, i kontrast till att plaståtervinning annars ofta ses som en kostnad. Därför presenteras affärs- och investeringsmöjligheter inom plaståtervinning på Lombok för att lyfta fram att det kan vara lönsamt och ekonomiskt hållbart. Rekommendationer för att öka effektiviteten i den nuvarande återvinningen presenteras också. För att Lombok ska kunna hantera allt producerat avfall behövs fler avfallsanläggningar, där det finns olika tekniker att välja mellan. Våra rekommendationer på kort sikt är följande: byggnation av en ny soptipp med ordentligt reningssystem för lakvatten och gasinsamling, en förbränningsanläggning för att minska mängden avfall som deponeras på soptippen och att fortsätta utveckla infrastruktur för kompostering och plaståtervinning. Kompostering och plaståtervinning är de mest hållbara alternativen på lång sikt, med målet att minska avfallsvolymen på soptippar eller det avfall som förbränns. Medvetenhet om avfall och finansiering är två stora utmaningar för att nå de kort- och långsiktiga rekommendationerna.
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Badía, Valiente José David. "Strategies and analytical procedures for a sustainable plastic waste management. An application to poly (ethylene terephthalate) and polylactide in the packaging sector." Doctoral thesis, Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/12890.
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El propósito de esta tesis doctoral fue evaluar la influencia de los diferentes procesos de gestión de residuos, tales como la valorización material, energética y biológica de dos poliésteres clave de la industria del embalaje: el actual no-renovable poli (tereftalato de etileno) (PET) y el potencial candidato para sustituirlo en un futuro próximo, la polilactida (PLA) de base renovable. Se utilizaron diversas plantas piloto para simular las condiciones de la degradación sufrida por PET y PLA en el reciclado mecánico, la pirólisis, la combustión y el enterramiento en suelo. Los cambios fueron monitorizados por calorimetría diferencial de barrido (DSC), análisis dinámico-mecánico-térmico (DMTA), análisis termogravimétrico (TGA), espectrometría infrarroja con transformada de Fourier (FTIR), espectroscopia de correlación 2D-IR para el análisis de gases (EGA), espectrometría de masas MALDI-TOF, microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM), índice de fluidez de masa fundida (MFR), ensayos de tracción e impacto Charpy y viscosimetría. Se han propuesto, desarrollado y aplicado diversas estrategias y procedimientos analíticos para establecer parámetros fiables para ser utilizados como indicadores de la degradación y por tanto controlar la influencia de cada proceso de valorización en la calidad del material. El comportamiento de PET y PLA reciclados mecánicamente se evaluó en base a sus propiedades químicas, microestructurales, mecánicas y térmicas. Se observó una pérdida general de prestaciones de PET y PLA reprocesado una vez y dos veces, respectivamente. Además, las propiedades de los materiales reciclados de PLA fueron mejores en términos relativos a los productos reciclados de PET. Las descomposiciones térmica y termo-oxidativa causadas por los procesos de pirolisis y combustión se evaluaron sobre la estabilidad térmica, gases emitidos y cinéticas de descomposición. Se destaca el uso de la combustión controlada para ambos polímeros, ya que se necesita menos energía para iniciar la descomposición, y la mezcla de gases que se desprenden es más homogénea.Badía Valiente, JD. (2011). Strategies and analytical procedures for a sustainable plastic waste management. An application to poly (ethylene terephthalate) and polylactide in the packaging sector [Tesis doctoral]. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/12890
Palancia
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Kehinde, Oladipupo Allen-Taylor [Verfasser], Hans-Rudolf [Akademischer Betreuer] Bork, and Wilfried [Gutachter] Hoppe. "Sustainable Strategies and Policy for Plastic Waste Collection and Management in Germany and Canada : Lessons for Lagos State, Nigeria / Allen-Taylor Kehinde Oladipupo ; Gutachter: Wilfried Hoppe ; Betreuer: Hans-Rudolf Bork." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1233678965/34.
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Rodopoulou, Viktoria. "CO2 savings of selling food surplus in plastic trays compared to incineration and anaerobic digestion in Sweden. : With an application at KTH Royal Institute of Technology." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-241697.
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Food waste has become a global environmental concern in recent years with food waste prevention being the optimal solution. In Sweden, initiatives to reduce food waste, focus on re-using methods like selling or donating food. The purpose of this study is to analyze the environmental savings, in terms of CO2 eq. savings, of re-using food compared to incineration and anaerobic digestion in Sweden. The study aims to map out the processes of the food waste management system and investigate the parameters that effect the performance of each method using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The research is conducted by using a case study, “Save food at KTH” which is an initiative at KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Sweden, to reduce food waste through a mobile application for sharing information on the available edible food waste around campus and options to purchase it through the app. The results showed that re-using food waste has more CO2 savings compared to the other two energy recovery methods. Avoided emissions from food production when food waste is sold, were the most important factors that framed this result. However, the types of foods are also critical on the choice of food waste management method when the focus is on the CO2 emissions of the system. Foods with high water content or plant-based protein sources can be energy efficient in anaerobic digestion processes as well. In this case, selling food waste can be used as a complementary method.Livsmedelsavfall har under senare år fått ett ökat intresse ur miljösynpunkt med förhindrande av livsmedelsavfall som den optimala lösningen för denna fråga. I Sverige är termiska behandlingsmetoder och biologiska processer för behandling av livsmedelsavfall de vanligaste metoderna för hantering av livsmedelsavfall. Båda metoderna producerar energi som kan användas för fjärrvärme, el och biobränsle för fordon. Å andra sidan, producerar dessa metoder utsläpp av växthusgaser (GHG) och många studier har erkänt deras miljöpåverkan och har jämfört dessa metoder för att identifiera alternativet med minst miljökostnad. Alternativet att sälja överbliven mat i plastlådor har potential att minska utsläppen av växthusgaser från livsmedelsavfallshanteringssystemet genom cirkulär ekonomi. Emellertid måste utsläppen av växthusgaser från de specifika livsmedelstypen samt effekten av plastlådors egenskaper och deras inverkan på plastlådors totala växthusgasutsläpp undersökas för att säkerställa effektiviteten av den försäljning av överbliven mat. Syftet med denna studie är att genomföra en livscykelanalys (LCA) om livsmedelsavfallshanteringsmetoder i Sverige för att identifiera metoden som har mest koldioxidbesparingar. Studiens mål är att kartlägga processerna i matavfallssystemet och undersöka de parametrar som påverkar prestandan för varje metod. Projektet innehåller en jämförande bedömning av klimatpåverkan (CF) av en värmebehandlingsmetod, förbränning med energiåtervinning, en biologisk metod som är anaerob uppslutning med biogasproduktion och en förebyggande metod som säljer överbliven mat i en plastlådor. En LCA utfördes för tre avfallshanteringsscenarier med två måltider (köttbaserad och vegan) som exempel när de behandlades som enskilda avfallsströmmar. Den största potentialen för att minska koldioxidutsläppen är att "sälja en måltid i ett 85% r-pet " scenario. Den undvikna köttproduktionen från att sälja matavfall kombinerat med den stora mängden återvunnet innehåll i plastlådor ger betydande koldioxidbesparingar och når den högsta nivån på avfallshierarkin som är förebyggande. Å andra sidan har förbränningen av en vegansk måltid med energiåtervinning den lägsta CO2-besparingen jämfört med de andra metoderna på grund av högvattenhalten i måltiden vilket gör den till en icke-effektiv energiomvandlare när den förbränns för att producera energi. Matavfallshanteringsmetoder bör därför fokusera på livsmedelsprodukterna och deras lämplighet för varje metod. Resultaten från denna jämförelse kommer att användas av en forskargrupp vid KTH Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan i Stockholm, Sverige, i SEED avdelningen. Gruppen bygger för närvarande en mobilapplikation för att dela / sälja matavfall runt KTH campus med ett samarbete från restaurangerna på campus.
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Maccaferri, Cristian. "Valorization and recycling of raw materials through a waste management system, case of study Koinonia Community, Lusaka, Zambia." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/13571/.
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This thesis presents the implementation and the optimization of a waste management system (WMS) in the Koinonia community (that is sited in the Chilanga district near Lusaka), showing the challenges that must be faced, implementing a WMS in a developing country. In the first part of the thesis it will be contextualized the waste management in the Zambian economy showing how a diversification involving the it could fit with the needs of the Nation. In the second part it will be treated the waste management hierarchy through the illustration of some European policies (like Circular Economy Package) and best practice (like WtE in Sweden). In the third part it will be analyzed the case of study Koinonia community where it has been spent three month. The object of the study was how to make the waste management system economical sustainable, the various issue regarding this subject are described by some reports wrote at the beginning of the experience and at the end. In addition, the chapter presents a study about the waste production in Chilanga and the data collected by means the interview with the waste aggregator present in the city.
Concluding, it is showed a proposal of evolution of the waste management system which consist in install a phv (Photovoltaic) system that will feed an ecological island of low dimension.
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Fernandes, Michele AragÃo. "AvaliaÃÃo das estratÃgias de desenvolvimento de produtos ecolÃgicos na cadeia de transformaÃÃo dos resÃduos plÃsticos industriais." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2011. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=14393.
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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel SuperiorA pesquisa, que tem como tema a avaliaÃÃo das estratÃgias de desenvolvimento de produtos ecolÃgicos na cadeia de transformaÃÃo dos resÃduos plÃsticos industriais, justifica-se pela mudanÃa de comportamento e novos posicionamentos das empresas com relaÃÃo ao ambiente. O trabalho apresenta metodologia de natureza qualitativa com fins descritivos e procedimentos de coleta bibliogrÃfica com estudo de caso mÃltiplo. As empresas selecionadas para pesquisa sÃo cadastradas na Bolsa de ResÃduos e NegÃcios da FIEC â FederaÃÃo das IndÃstrias do Estado do CearÃ. O presente estudo tem por objetivos investigar se os produtos derivados de resÃduos plÃsticos industriais podem ser classificados como ecolÃgicos, mapear a cadeia de suprimentos e transformaÃÃo dos resÃduos plÃsticos reciclÃveis das empresas pesquisadas e analisar o processo de desenvolvimento de produtos derivados de resÃduos plÃsticos industriais à luz do modelo de Morilhas e Nascimento (2007). Como resultado, verificou-se, que nem todo produto derivado de resÃduos plÃsticos industriais sÃo considerados ecolÃgicos segundo o modelo, pois esses produtos devem atender todas as fases dos critÃrios apontados como ambientais do ciclo de vida de um produto ecologicamente correto. PorÃm, esse modelo nÃo deve ser considerado o Ãnico instrumento de avaliaÃÃo para classificar um produto ecolÃgico, e sim considerÃ-lo como complementar aos referenciais teÃricos para tal anÃlise.
The survey, whose theme is the evaluation of strategies for development of green products in the chain of industrial plastic waste, is justified by the behavior change and new positioning of the companies with the environment. The paper presents a qualitative methodology with descriptive purposes and procedures of collecting literature on multiple case study. The selected companies are registered for research at the Stock FIEC Waste and Business - Federation of Industries of the State of CearÃ. The present study aims to investigate whether products derived from industrial plastic waste can be classified as green, mapping the supply chain and processing of waste plastics recycling companies surveyed and analyze the process of developing products derived from industrial plastic waste in the light model Morilhas and Nascimento (2007). As a result, it was found that not all products derived from industrial plastic waste are considered according to the ecological model, because these products must meet all the criteria set out stages and environmental life cycle of an environmentally friendly product. However, this model should not be considered a unique assessment tool to classify an ecological product, but consider it as complementary to theoretical frameworks for such analysis.
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Pereira, Flávia Cabral. "Microplásticos no ambiente marinho: mapeamento de fontes e identificação de mecanismos de gestão para minimização da perda de pellets plásticos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/21/21134/tde-30032015-150240/.
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Atualmente, a poluição marinha por microplásticos é uma grande preocupação ambiental, considerando principalmente a capacidade de dispersão e resistência à degradação que estes materiais possuem. A matéria prima plástica é normalmente comercializada na forma de \"pellets\", grânulos com cerca de 5 mm de diâmetro, que são encontrados em ambientes marinhos e costeiros de todo mundo, inclusive do Brasil. Estes podem ser perdidos nas etapas pré-consumo da cadeia produtiva dos plásticos e chegar direta ou indiretamente ao mar. Embora possam causar impactos ambientais e, eventualmente à saúde humana, há poucos registros formais sobre suas fontes. Assim, o presente projeto configura-se como um estudo para o entendimento da origem e de possíveis soluções para esta questão, a medida em que objetiva mapear e entender os diferentes processos de perda destes microplásticos para o meio ambiente, visando o desenvolvimento de orientações capazes de levar à redução desta perda. As conclusões apontam que as soluções para o problema passam por uma articulação multissetorial e definição de diretrizes para reduzir a perda adequadas à realidade brasileira. Estas diretrizes devem ser implementadas por meio de políticas públicas e instrumentos de comando e controle, que preferencialmente devem estar associados a mecanismos de regulação de mercado. Para efetivação destas políticas torna-se necessário ainda um enquadramento dos pellets como poluentes.Currently, the plastic and microplastic marine pollution is a major environmental concern considering the difficulty in dealing with the dispersal capacity and resistance to degradation of these materials. The plastic material is usually marketed as plastic pellets, granules of about 5 mm of diameter, which are found in marine and coastal environments worldwide, including in Brazil. Possibly due to losses on the pre-consumer stages of production - on pellets producers, transporters and/or processors - arriving directly to the sea or indirectly by rivers and urban run-off. Although they can cause impacts to environment and, eventually, to human health, there are few formal records of its occurrence and its sources, essential information for managing this issue. Thus, this project is configured as a strategic study for understanding the origin and possible solutions for this issue. The main objective is to map and understand the different processes of these microplastics loss to the environment, aiming the development of guidelines to reduce this loss. The results indicate that the solutions to the problem undergo a multi-sectoral articulation and definition of appropriate guidelines to reduce the loss in the Brazilian reality. These guidelines should be implemented through public policies and instruments of command and control, which should preferably be associated with mechanisms of market regulation. In order to these changes take effect it is needed a clear framing of lost plastic pellets as pollutants.
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Marques, Diana Filipa Gaspar. "Sistemas de reembolso de depósito para garrafas de bebidas e latas : um instrumento circular? : o caso português." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/21011.
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Mestrado em Gestão e Estratégia IndustrialEm 2019, a Secretaria Geral do Ambiente, Operadora do Programa "Ambiente, Alterações Climáticas e Economia de Baixo Carbono" em Portugal, lançou o concurso "Sistema de reembolso de depósito para garrafas de bebidas e latas", financiando projetos nestas áreas. O objetivo deste trabalho é discutir se os Sistemas de Depósito e Reembolso (SDR) são os instrumentos mais custo-eficientes para fazer a transição de um sistema económico linear, para um sistema circular. Para alcançar este objetivo, esclareceram-se os conceitos de Economia Circular (EC) e de SDR para, depois, os aplicar na análise da circularidade dos projetos. Para o esclarecimento conceptual, fez-se uma revisão da literatura com dois objetivos: enquadrar historicamente o conceito de EC e definir os SDR enquanto instrumentos económicos de mercado simultaneamente custo-eficientes e respeitadores dos princípios da circularidade. Concluiu-se que a literatura aconselha a definição de EC proposta pela fundação Ellen MacArthur e que os SDR são instrumentos custo-eficientes para fechar o ciclo dos fluxos de materiais. Fez-se a análise qualitativa dos projetos de SDR propostos a concurso para avaliar o seu grau de circularidade. Concluiu-se que: aquilo que hoje se designa EC terá as suas raízes nos modelos de fluxos de materiais; que o conceito de EC ainda não está estabilizado; que os SDR são instrumentos de política ambiental mais custo-eficientes para fechar o ciclo de materiais; que, no curto prazo, os indicadores definidos no âmbito do concurso não serão todos cumpridos; e, por último, que nem todos os projetos vão ao encontro dos princípios da Economia Circular.
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Ng, Ting-leung Gordon, and 吳庭亮. "An assessment of strategies for the management of plastic bag wastes in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31234392.
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Ng, Ting-leung Gordon. "An assessment of strategies for the management of plastic bag wastes in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B17311871.
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Hacioglu, Firat. "Degradation Of Epdm Via Gamma Irradiation And Possible Use Of Epdm In Radioactive Waste Management." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612391/index.pdf.
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In this study, degradation of ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM) via gamma radiation and possible use of EPDM in radioactive waste management were investigated. In estimation of radiation stability and possible use of EPDM in radioactive waste management, dose rate (both high and low), irradiation environment (in water and in air), additives (carbon black, zinc oxide, plasticizer) used in formulation, peroxide type (either aliphatic or aromatic) and content were parameters which were analyzed.
Three EPDM samples having different peroxides were irradiated in water and in air with two different dose rates (993 Gy/h, 54 Gy/h) to 2163 kGy (for high dose rate) and 1178 kGy (for low dose rate). Irradiation periods for low dose rate were 2.5 years (last sample) which have not been observed in literature. Characterization of irradiated EPDM samples were done by mechanical (tensile, hardness, compression), dynamic mechanical (DMA), thermal (TGA-FTIR) and morphological (ATR-FTIR, XRD, SEM) tests. High dose rate irradiations were done in predicting how far EPDM resist to radiation and which dose rate emitted waste can be immobilized and stored in EPDM for 300 years. Low dose rate irradiations were carried out in determining morphological changes in structure, thermal stability, oxygen effect and types of reactions (crosslinking, chain scisson) which were dominant in irradiated samples.
According to the test results, improvement in thermal properties and decrease in elasticity on EPDM via radiation were recorded from thermal and mechanical tests respectively. Moreover, structural changes were monitored from ATR-FTIR, SEM and XRD analysis. Mechanical tests showed that irradiated EPDM samples, which were differentiated with respect to peroxide type (aliphatic, aromatic), could resist up to total absorbed doses of 3750 kGy and 3955 kGy respectively. Up to 1178 kGy in low dose irradiation, there were not much structural changes, which were observed in ATR-FTIR analysis, in EPDM chain.
It was concluded that EPDM rubber used in this study were radiation stable polymer so that they could possibly be used in conditioning of radioactive waste.
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Fransson, Lovisa. "Wasting our future by wasting the Sea : How to combat marine pollution from land-based sources on international and regional level." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-409779.
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In the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, the environmental protection of the marine environment was first addressed in a comprehensive manner on an international level. However, the Convention distinguishes between four different sorts of pollution depending on which source the pollution originates from. Still, one of these sources play a more crucial role in the protection of the marine environment than the other since that source is estimated to stand for 80 percent of all the marine pollution; namely marine pollution from land-based sources. As the throw-away culture has led to products being disposed of at a faster rate than ever before, in particular plastic products, the amount of land-based debris has also substantially increased over the last decades. This increased disposal rate of products in combination with poor waste treatment has consequently led to many kinds of wastes ending up in the ocean and causing severe harm, not only to the marine environment and its living species, but also to humans that eat the fish and use the many other ecosystem services of the Sea. In this thesis, some prominent international conventions on marine pollution from land-based sources are examined; namely the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, the Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal, as well as the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants. To achieve United Nations Sustainable Development Goal number 14.1 to significantly reduce marine pollution from land-based sources by 2025, this thesis claims that international laws addressing this sort of pollution need to be implemented. Moreover, this thesis rests on the belief that regional implementation is a crucial component in making states align with international law. However, while regional implementation has been ambitious in the European Union Law, many regions still lack enforceable frameworks that aim to reduce and prevent marine pollution from land-based sources.
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Dufka, Martin. "Efektivní návrh a provoz recyklační linky jako prvek komplexního odpadového řetězce." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-403869.
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This master thesis deals with the current situation of waste management of material usable municipal waste with focus on various fractions of plastics. The theoretical part summarises the legislation of waste treatment, also contains an analysis of the current situation of waste management in the Czech Republic and comparison the situation in the European Union. In the next part of thesis are described basic fractions of plastics and their properties. There are mentioned the current problems with plastics processing and the risks of leakage to the environment. Furthermore, a complex chain of plastic waste reprocessing is described, since the inception of plastics waste to the manufacture of products made from recycled plastics. The most attention is paid to the discription of recycling plant, where the output material from sorting lines is reprocessed into a secondary material in the form of flakes or granules. Also this part is focused on the technology of recycling line and the individual devices are described. In the practical part of the thesis is created techno-economic model of recycling line with the aim of its use for balance calculations of recycling and also economic evaluation. As a part of the model was made a market research of secondary raw materials with a focus on price development. Subsequetly, sensitivity analyzes of selected parameters are applied to the model and the impact of scenarios on the economic results are evaluated.
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Bluffstone, Zoe. "Seeking Redemption in a World of Waste: A Comparative Analysis of Bottle Deposit Systems and Campaigns and a Consideration of Their Comprehensive Sustainability." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1462983935.
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Monsaingeon, Baptiste. "Le déchet durable : éléments pour une socio-anthropologie du déchet ménager." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010654/document.
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Depuis une quarantaine d’années, les déchets ménagers et leur gestion sont assimilés à un enjeu écologique global. Alors que se popularisent les discours défendant une conception durable du développement, nos poubelles se multiplient. Qu’aspirons-nous à préserver lorsque, l’enjeu planétaire invoqué, un gouffre intermédiaire se dessine et nous invite à interroger ce lien communément admis entre déchets et pratiques de protection de l’environnement. Notre thèse consiste à affirmer que, sous couvert de leur « environnementalisation », et malgré l’inflation du temps et de l’espace qui leur sont consacrés, les déchets restent marqués par l’oubli des enjeux sociaux, techniques, matériels qui les caractérisent. Cet aveuglement, individuel et collectif, neutralise toute possibilité de penser le déchet comme indice : il voile sa fonction mémorielle et le condamne à n’être appréhendé que comme ce qui doit disparaître, que comme quantité de matière à contrôler, à éliminer. Le déchet durable est l’oxymore qui vise à problématiser cette multiplicité des modes de présence du déchet aujourd’hui. S’inspirant des figures du chiffonnier ou de l’archéologue, notre enquête socio-anthropologique s’applique à suivre ces déchets ménagers, depuis d’incertains océans de plastique jusqu’à quelques lombricomposteurs parisiens. A partir de cette confrontation à la matérialité, aux territoires et aux pratiques du déchu, il s’agit d’affirmer que là où la présence irrévocable des déchets est décrite comme un problème, la question de notre présence aux déchets se pose inévitablementOver the past forty years, household waste and its management have been assimilated to a global environmental issue. While sustainable development is becoming a pressing issue, the number of our garbage bins is increasing. So what is it that we aim to preserve when we are dutifully sorting out our garbage? Between the very local gesture of discarding and the global environmental issue, there is a tremendous gap. The link between everyday practices of waste and environmental issues is so underdetermined that it has to be analysed. The main claim of this dissertation is that despite a growing concern with environment and the increasing time and space devoted to waste management, we remain unaware of the social, technological and material issues at stake. Because of this individual and collective blindness waste is not seen as a clue: as its memorial function is neglected waste is still perceived as what has to disappear, as a material quantity that has to be controlled and eliminated. The en-durable waste is an oxymoron that leads to further investigate the multiple modes of presence of waste in today’s life. Inspired by the personae of the ragman and of the archaeologist, this socio-anthropological investigation follows household waste from uncertain oceans of plastic to few Parisian vermicompost bins. Based on this confrontation to the materiality of waste, to the territories and to practices of wasting, this dissertation claims that where the unavoidable presence of waste is described as a problem, it is question of our presence to waste that is at stake
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Santos, Fábio Ferreira. "Identificação de oportunidades de Produção Mais Limpa em uma cooperativa de reciclagem de plásticos na cidade de Sorocaba-SP." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/8813.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Waste generation is a global challenge to be faced, especially in industrializing countries such as Brazil, where high waste generation in line with structural problems and inadequate waste management can result in environmental, economic and social problems. Thus, recycling can be considered as an important strategy to face this challenge in order to develop practices focused on the triple bottom line (sustainability). The recycling chain in Brazil is considered complex involving multiple actors, among them we can highlight the activities of scavengers as fundamental agents on viability of recycling. However, the scavengers are not always recognized, they are the ones that benefit least in the chain and they face several difficulties. In seeking to overcome the difficulties and achieve better positioning in the chain, scavengers have organized into cooperatives, networks and materials processing centers. From the environmental point of view, recycling processes, especially of post-consumer plastics, can also have an impact on the environment, if management is not established from the collection until the final disposal of the same. It is therefore important to adopt environmental management tools such as Cleaner Production (CP), for example, that result in benefits to the environment, society and organizations. This research aimed to identify opportunities for improvement in plastics recycling process in a cooperative of Sorocaba-SP, through the use of the CP tool. The research consisted of a case study in a cooperative that performs the recycling process of Polyethylene (PE) and Polypropylene (PP), transforming them into flakes and / or pellets. The steps of the CP adopted in this research were based on the Centro Nacional de Tecnologias Limpas (CNTL, 2003) and complemented by SEBRAE guidelines (2005) and by the study of Silva et al. (2013). The following steps were carried out: awareness and general characterization of the cooperative, mapping of the recycling process, quantification of input and output streams, definition of indicators, selection of the evaluation focus, identification of causes of waste generation, effluents and emissions, and identification of CP opportunities. The study revealed that the recycling process of the cooperative is passive to generate environmental impacts, mainly due to the lack of standardization of the raw material and the high consumption of water in the washing stage and consequent generation of effluents. 25 improvement opportunities were identified, focusing mainly on level 1 of housekeeping. In addition, barriers to CP in the cooperative were identified, especially those related to financial issues and lack of government support. Thus, it is necessary to overcome these barriers to an effective implementation of the CP and obtain the consequent economic, environmental and social benefits.
A geração de resíduos é um desafio mundial a ser enfrentado, principalmente nos países em processo de industrialização como o Brasil, no qual a alta geração de resíduos alinhada aos problemas estruturais de gestão e descartes inadequados podem ocasionar problemas ambientais, econômicos e sociais. Assim, a reciclagem pode ser considerada como uma importante estratégia para se enfrentar este desafio com o objetivo de desenvolver práticas voltadas para o tripé da sustentabilidade. A cadeia de reciclagem no Brasil é considerada complexa por envolver múltiplos atores, dentre eles, podem-se destacar a atuação dos catadores como agentes fundamentais na viabilização da reciclagem. No entanto, os catadores nem sempre são reconhecidos, são os que menos se beneficiam na cadeia e enfrentam várias dificuldades. Na busca por superar as dificuldades e obter um melhor posicionamento na cadeia, os catadores têm-se organizado em cooperativas, redes e centros de processamento de materiais. Sob o ponto de vista ambiental, os processos de reciclagem, principalmente dos plásticos oriundos do pós-consumo, também podem ocasionar impactos ao meio ambiente, caso não se estabeleça uma gestão desde a coleta até a destinação final dos mesmos. Assim, é importante a adoção de ferramentas de gestão ambiental como a Produção Mais Limpa (P+L), por exemplo, que resulte em benefícios ao meio ambiente, a sociedade e as organizações. Esta pesquisa objetivou identificar oportunidades de melhorias no processo de reciclagem dos plásticos em uma cooperativa de Sorocaba – SP, por meio da utilização da ferramenta P+L. A pesquisa consistiu em um estudo de caso em uma cooperativa que realiza o processo de reciclagem do Polietileno (PE) e Polipropileno (PP), transformando-os em flakes (fragmentos) e/ou pellets (grânulos). As etapas da P+L adotadas nesta pesquisa foram baseadas no Centro Nacional de Tecnologias Limpas (CNTL, 2003) e complementada pelas orientações do SEBRAE (2005) e pelo estudo de Silva et al. (2013). Assim realizaram-se as seguintes etapas: sensibilização e caracterização geral da cooperativa, mapeamento do processo de reciclagem, quantificação das correntes de entradas e saídas, definição de indicadores, seleção do foco de avaliação, identificação das causas de geração de resíduos, efluentes e emissões, e identificação de oportunidades de P+L. O estudo revelou que o processo de reciclagem da cooperativa é passivo de gerar impactos ambientais, devido principalmente a ausência de padronização da matéria-prima e o alto consumo de água na etapa de lavagem e consequente geração de efluentes. Foram identificadas 26 oportunidades de melhorias, em sua maioria classificadas no nível 1 da P+L (housekeeping). Além disso, foram identificadas barreiras de P+L na cooperativa, principalmente as relacionadas às questões financeiras e ausência de apoio governamental. Assim, foi constatado a necessidade de superar essas barreiras para uma efetiva implementação da P+L e obter os consequentes benefícios econômicos, ambientais e sociais.
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SILVA, Renata Moreira de Sá e. "ESTUDO DE ALVENARIAS E REVESTIMENTOS DE GESSO RECICLADO DESTINADO À HABITAÇÃO POPULAR." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/663.
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Previous issue date: 2008-11-08The generation of large quantities of solid waste is a great problem faced by urban areas. Like all building materials, the gypsum plaster is a generator of solid waste. The amount and inadequate waste disposal cause serious environmental, social and economical impacts. This requires the search for quick and effective solutions for its management, through the development of specific programs, which aim to minimize these impacts. This study was developed with the purpose to use waste material of the gypsum industry to built low cost houses with better environmental comfort. Also there were motivations for this study the advantages of gypsum, among them thermal and acoustic insulation, and to help managing municipal waste. Thus, it was studied closing masonry with bricks made by the reuse of gypsum plaster which not have sufficient fluidity to make construction frames anymore. In order to verify which mortar better fit this construction system, two different types of settlement mortars were studied: traditional gypsum paste (GC) and traditional mortar (cement, lime and sand) (AT). The aspects of productivity, cost and strength compression of the constructive system were tested. Coatings were also studied, performed with two types of recycled gypsum: wet recycled gypsum (RU) and dry recycled gypsum (RS), varying their proportions and analyzing the performance of them concerning on workability, cracking, tensile strength and for water absorption and permeability, according to the NIT 140 method proposed by CSTC, from Belgium. In order to verify the thermal and acoustic comfort, a prototype was produced with these new materials. The results showed that the traditional mortar (AT) was the most suitable for the construction of closing masonry made by recycled gypsum, the best internal coating was the 25% paste substituition by wet plaster (RU) and external coating the traditional mortar (AT), 1:1:6 mixture proportion, widely used in constructions. In relation to thermal comfort, there was a better thermal attenuation of recycled gypsum prototype in comparison to a soil cement bricks prototype, also with a good accoustic isolation. The results assured technical and financial viability of using these types of coatings in the construction of low cost housing.
A geração de grandes quantidades de resíduos sólidos é um problema crescente nas áreas urbanas. Assim como os demais materiais de construção, o gesso é um gerador de entulho. A quantidade expressiva desse resíduo e o seu descarte inadequado causam graves impactos ambientais, sociais e econômicos. Isto impõe a busca de soluções rápidas e eficazes para sua gestão adequada, através da elaboração de programas específicos, que visem à minimização desses impactos. Este estudo foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de reutilizar um resíduo da indústria de gesso para construir habitações de interesse social visando um melhor conforto ambiental. Também foram motivações para este estudo as vantagens do gesso, dentre elas, isolamento térmico e acústico e a busca de uma forma de gerenciamento dos resíduos urbanos. Para tanto, estudou-se alvenarias de fechamento com tijolos produzidos através do reaproveitamento de pastas de gesso que não possuíam mais fluidez para a confecção de molduras e testando dois tipos de argamassa de assentamento, gesso cola (GC) e argamassa tradicional (AT) de forma a verificar a que melhor se adéqua a este sistema construtivo no aspecto produtividade, custo e resistência à compressão. Estudou-se também, revestimentos executados com dois tipos de gesso reciclado, gesso reciclado úmido (RU) e gesso reciclado seco (RS), variando suas proporções e analisando o desempenho destes quanto à trabalhabilidade e fissuração, resistência de aderência à tração e à absorção e permeabilidade à água, segundo o método do cachimbo , proposto pelo CSTC da Bélgica (NIT 140). Ainda realizou-se a análise do conforto térmico e acústico do protótipo produzido com esses novos materiais alternativos. Os resultados apontaram a argamassa tradicional (AT) como mais adequada à construção de alvenarias de gesso reciclado, destacando-se como revestimento interno a pasta com 25% de substituição por gesso reciclado úmido (RU) e revestimento externo o reboco comum (AT), muito utilizado em construções, traço 1:1:6. O protótipo executado de gesso reciclado ainda ofereceu uma melhor atenuação térmica quando comparado com um protótipo de solo cimento e garantiu um bom isolamento acústico. Após realização de todas as análises, verifica-se a viabilidade técnica e financeira de execução de construções de interesse social com esses materiais alternativos constituídos de gesso.
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Enkhbaatar, Enkh-Oyun, and Enkh-Oyun Enkhbaatar. "A study of waste management policies and strategies for the plastic containers in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/46979438662350490471.
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碩士國立東華大學
自然資源與環境學系
103
Waste is a global problem. This paper focuses on the current waste management and recycling management in Mongolia. Mongolian waste management is poor presently facing waste disposal problems, such as monitoring, landfill, industrial and lack of technology problems. Since year 2000 The Municipal Governor’s focused on soiled waste management, worked for few different recycling, removing and destruction of waste projects with foreign countries. Also local community participation is an important part of waste management. According to the government report (2010) on 21 provinces, only four (Darkhan-Uul, Dornod, Tuv, and Dundgobi) have recycling factories running by local community to recycle plastic. Some of those companies open branches as well. There are also Chinese companies who recycle plastic bottles than make water bottles. Reports show that government organizations react slowly to harsh weather and have poor education of waste management. Even with big sponsors from foreign countries, cannot make a huge difference with waste management if we do not consider on public awareness. It is not known fact that people do not have proper knowledge about waste management. There is no any definite action taken by the Mongolian Government to increase public awareness. Waste management is not only a Government issue it also needs contributions from enterprises and the public. Mongolia needs a certain effective approach for disseminating research on Waste Management.
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陳俊銘. "Discussion on management strategy of waste (plastic) containers collection and recycling plants－Taking Y company as an example." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/m5y2f5.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中州科技大學
機械與自動化工程系
105
ABSTRACT The global environment changes rapidly in recent years. The adoption of Kyoto Protocol on December 1997 further enhances environmental protection policy and increases people's environmental protection consciousness. This situation is especially excellent for the development of waste containers collection and recycling industry. But it results in the increment of competition between related companies. For long-tern consideration, waste containers collection and recycling companies have to evalute their resouces and then set a objective for the future, to survive under quick market and regulation transition. Herein, we take company Y as an example and evaluate their opportunities and threats under current environmental tendency, by PEST (Political, Economic, Social, Technological) analysis. And make a comparison with other corresponding companies to know strengths and Weaknesses of company Y. Then we draft six strategies according to the content in the SWOT matrix and the objective set by company Y as following, "expanding the original superiority of global business group, and cultivates on the development of new environment protecting market and products management", "expanding the market scale of core business in view of market and economy change and turning point", "improving quality of recycled raw materials, implementing risk warning, and raising the quality control of recycling source", " focusing on the development of new environmental protection service business, richly cultivating Taiwan, and transcend the management of all classes of environmental protection service business", "stabilizing productivity and quality, creating professional image about environmental protection for company, ,making the best features of servise noticeable, and practicing corporate social responsibility", and "adjusting and optimizing the profit structure, and aming at the objective of stabilizing productivity and increasing profit performance". Keywords: Kyoto Protocol, PEST Analysis, SWOT Matrix, Social Responsibility
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Паситов, В. И., and V. I. Pasitov. "Эколого-экономическая эффективность переработки бытовых пластиковых отходов : магистерская диссертация." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10995/78082.
Full textAbstract:
Пластиковые отходы занимают первое место по стоимости и скорости накопления среди твердых коммунальных отходов. Вторичное использование отходов пластика способствует существенному сокращению использования первичных ресурсов, снижению вредного воздействия на окружающую среду. Цель исследования заключается в разработке практических рекомендаций по оптимизации схем переработки бытовых пластиковых отходов на основе оценки их эколого-экономической эффективности исходя из анализа существующей ситуации в системе обращения с отходами в Свердловской области. В работе проведен анализ региональной политики по обращению с отходами и опыта переработки твердых коммунальных отходов. Предложен проект по созданию производства по переработке ПЭТ-пластика с оценкой его эколого-экономической эффективности. Впервые количественно оценен дополнительный экологический эффект от замены первичного сырья на вторичное при реализации проекта.Plastic waste takes first place in terms of cost and rate of accumulation among municipal solid waste. Recycling of plastic waste contributes to a significant reduction in the use of primary resources, reducing the harmful effects on the environment. The purpose of the study is to develop practical recommendations for optimizing recycling schemes for household plastic waste based on an assessment of their environmental and economic efficiency based on an analysis of the current situation in the waste management system in the Sverdlovsk region. The work analyzes the regional policy on waste management and the experience of processing municipal solid waste. A project is proposed to create a production for processing PET plastic with an assessment of its environmental and economic efficiency. For the first time, the additional environmental effect of replacing primary raw materials with secondary ones during project implementation was presented.
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Angi, Gülşah. "Plastics packaging waste management and regulations Turkey versus Europe." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.1/13997.
Full textAbstract:
Plastics are used almost everywhere and making our lives much easier thanks to their multiple functionalities. However, due to inadequate production and recycling methods, millions tons of plastic litter are ending up in the earth and oceans every year.
The European Union is taking necessary actions to make an impact and to be able to overcome that problem. In 2015, the EU Commission adopted an ‘Action Plan’ for a circular economy of plastics. In 2017, the EU Commission declared another goal of ensuring all plastic packagings will be recyclable by 2030. In comparison to the EU, as a big contributor of plastics waste in the region, Turkey’s actions were also wondered and so, Turkish plastics waste management system and related regulations have been examined, as well as the European Union’s.
Primarily, it has been investigated that the current Turkish waste management regulations are mostly compatible with the European Union ones, as Turkey is adapting its regulations according to the EU requirements. The significant difference between the examined Turkish and the EU regulations was the recycling target ratios for plastic packagings. While Turkish regulation on management of packaging waste was obliged to recyclate min 54% (until 2020) of the plastic packaging waste, the mandatory ratio according to the EU’s packaging waste directive was only 22.5% (until 2025). According to the latest data reached, Turkey was recycling 54% of its total plastic packaging waste occurred in 2017 which was equal to the given target. On the other hand, the EU was recycling 40.8% of its total plastic packaging waste occurred in 2016 and that was much higher than their given target ratio.
By considering only the recent ‘plastic packagings waste’ recycling ratios, it can be interpreted that Turkey’s recycling performance is better than the EU average. However, considering both current Turkish and the EU’s plastics waste management practices and results, even though there are good plans for the future, it can be concluded that their recent systems are not sustainable and not adequate enough to solve plastics waste problem in our territory everlastingly.Os plásticos são usados em quase todo o lado e facilitam muito a nossa vida graças às suas múltiplas funcionalidades. No entanto, devido a métodos inadequados de produção e reciclagem, milhões de toneladas de resíduos plásticos acabam na terra e nos oceanos cada ano. A União Europeia está a tomar as medidas necessárias conseguir superar esse problema. Em 2015, a Comissão Europeis adotou um "Plano de Ação" para uma economia circular de plásticos. Em 2017, a Comissão Europeia declarou outra meta: garantir que todas as embalagens de plástico sejam recicláveis até 2030. Em comparação com a UE, sendo a Turquia um grande contribuinte de resíduos plásticos na região, as suas ações também foram questionadas, sendo que tanto o sistema turco de gestão de resíduos de plástico como os regulamentos afins foram examinados, assim como os da União Europeia. Primeiramente, verificou-se que os atuais regulamentos turcos de gestão de resíduos são em grande parte compatíveis com os da União Europeia, já que a Turquia está adaptando suas regulamentações de acordo com os requisitos da UE. A diferença significativa entre as regulamentações turcas examinadas e as regulamentações da UE foi o objetivo relativo à taxa de reciclagem para embalagens de plástico. Embora a regulamentação turca sobre a gestão de resíduos de embalagens tenha como meta reciclar 54% (até 2020) dos resíduos de embalagens de plástico, de acordo com a diretiva de resíduos de embalagens, as exigências da UE eram de apenas 22,5% (até 2025). De acordo com os últimos dados obtidos, a Turquia reciclou 54% de seu total de resíduos de embalagens de plástico em 2017, o que foi igual à meta estabelecida. Por outro lado, a UE reciclou 40,8% do seu total de resíduos de embalagens plásticas em 2016 e foi muito superior à meta estabelecida. Ao considerar apenas as taxas de reciclagem de resíduos de embalagens de plástico, pode interpretar-se que o desempenho de reciclagem da Turquia é melhor que o média da UE. No entanto, considerando as atuais práticas e resultados da gestão de resíduos de plástico tanto da Turquia como da UE, embora exista um bom plano para o futuro, pode concluir-se que os seus sistemas atuais não são sustentáveis nem suficientes para resolver o problema dos resíduos de plástico no nosso território para sempre.
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"Assessment and Solutions for Waste Handling of Compostable Biopolymers." Doctoral diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.36017.
Full textAbstract:
abstract: Fossil resources have enabled the development of the plastic industry in the last century. More recently biopolymers have been making gains in the global plastics market. Biopolymers are plastics derived from plants, primarily corn, which can function very similarly to fossil based plastics. One difference between some of the dominant biopolymers, namely polylactic acid and thermoplastic starch, and the most common fossil-based plastics is the feature of compostability. This means that biopolymers represent not only a shift from petroleum and natural gas to agricultural resources but also that these plastics have potentially different impacts resulting from alternative disposal routes. The current end of life material flows are not well understood since waste streams vary widely based on regional availability of end of life treatments and the role that decision making has on waste identification and disposal.
This dissertation is focused on highlighting the importance of end of life on the life-cycle of biopolymers, identifying how compostable biopolymer products are entering waste streams, improving collection and waste processing, and quantifying the impacts that result from the disposal of biopolymers. Biopolymers, while somewhat available to residential consumers, are primarily being used by various food service organizations trying to achieve a variety of goals such as zero waste, green advertising, and providing more consumer options. While compostable biopolymers may be able to help reduce wastes to landfill they do result in environmental tradeoffs associated with agriculture during the production phase. Biopolymers may improve the management for compostable waste streams by enabling streamlined services and reducing non-compostable fossil-based plastic contamination. The concerns about incomplete degradation of biopolymers in composting facilities may be ameliorated using alkaline amendments sourced from waste streams of other industries. While recycling still yields major benefits for traditional resins, bio-based equivalents may provide addition benefits and compostable biopolymers offer benefits with regards to global warming and fossil fuel depletion. The research presented here represents two published studies, two studies which have been accepted for publication, and a life-cycle assessment that will be submitted for publication.Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Civil and Environmental Engineering 2015
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Yeh, Ying-Chin, and 葉穎瑾. "An examination of relation between environmental disclosure and earnings management-Illegal Dumping of Toxic Industrial Waste of Formosa Plastics Inc." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/273yv3.
Full textAbstract:
碩士銘傳大學
會計學系碩士班
93
Companies could have much political pressure because of the unexpected environment pollution. For this reason, we apply political-cost hypothesis to examine within the context of the earnings management response by polluted industries following the December, 1998 illegal dumping of toxic industrial waste of Formosa Plastics Inc. Furthermore, this study examines the relation between the level of environmental disclosure and the extent of earnings management in response to regulatory threat. We use OLS analysis to examine 7 polluted industries listed in Taiwan Stock Exchange Corporation. The results from these tests support the political-cost hypothesis and are consistent with the view that managers adjust earnings in response to environmental pollution events. In addition, companies with higher levels of environmental disclosures in their financial reports exhibit lower levels of earnings management. In other word, it indicates that companies with more extensive environmental disclosures in their financial report would have less incentive to manage their earnings figures downwards for reducing the sensitiveness of political pressure. These results are consistent with the argument that corporate management believes environmental disclosure is an effective tool for reducing sensitivity to political pressure.