Relevant bibliographies by topics / Plastic window

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Plastic window'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 17 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Plastic window"

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Wang, Shu Ping, Zhi Hong Wang, Wen Juan Chen, Xian Zheng Gong, Yu Liu, and Li Ping Ma. "Comparison of Environmental Impact Analysis of Two Typical Construction Windows Production." Materials Science Forum 787 (April 2014): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.787.97.

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The energy consumption of window accounts for nearly half of buildings. The purpose of this study is to compare the environmental impact of plastic windows and aluminum alloy windows production, including resource and energy consumption, waste emission. The result shows that energy consumption of plastic window production is only 0.24 times of aluminum alloy window production, and the overall environmental impact of the former is 30% of the later. This study is a quantitative description of energy consumption and environmental impact of two windows production pattern, which intends to fill the blank in LCA field of windows in China.
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Kapalo, Peter, and Orest Voznyak. "Comparison of the Intensity of Ventilation at Windows Exchange in the Room - Case Study." Selected Scientific Papers - Journal of Civil Engineering 12, no. 1 (June 27, 2017): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sspjce-2017-0006.

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Abstract Doing the replacement of old wooden windows in a new plastic windows, in the old buildings, we get the great reducing of the building heat loss. Simpler maintenance and attendance of window is the next advantage. New windows are characterized by better tightness. The aim of the article is determination due to the performed experimental measurements, how much more are reduce the uncontrolled ventilation that is caused of the infiltration windows. In the article there is presented the experimental measurement of indoor air quality in the room in two phases. In the first phase there is the room installed by 55 year old wood window. In the second phase there is the same room installed by new plastic window. Due to the experimental measurement of indoor air quality it is calculated intensity of ventilation - infiltration. These results of ventilation intensity are reciprocally compared.
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Ignatova, Elena. "Automated calculation of reduced resistance to a heat transfer of the window based on BIM technologies." MATEC Web of Conferences 193 (2018): 03018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819303018.

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The aim of this work is the development of automated methods of calculation of thermophysical characteristics of the window based on BIM technology. The structure and materials of window frames and glazing are taken into account while calculating reduced resistance to a heat transfer of the window. Software Autodesk Revit was used for creating the information model of the window. As a result of current research a parametric families of windows were created. Each family contains an automatically calculated parameter of reduced resistance to a heat transfer of the window. Windows with one, two and three sashes were considered in the paper. Calculations have been made for wooden and plastic frames. Russian design standards were taken into consideration. The results of the calculations of reduced resistance to a heat transfer of the window are presented in the table at the end of the paper. The introduced method is universal for any window structure. Accurate calculation of heat loss of window units will allow to choose the design decisions and to predict energy costs for building maintenance.
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Wang, Hong Wei, Ya Dong Zheng, and Fang Wen Tu. "Influences of External Windows on Energy Consumption of Industrial Buildings in Cold Areas." Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (May 2011): 3055–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.3055.

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Shenyang is located in the cold areas and main industy city in China. The most current industrial buildings can’t meet the demand of energy-saving standard because of the thermal insulation performance of the windows.This paper aims at using DeST software to analyze industrial workshop energy consumption, according to different types of external windows and window-wall ratio of buildings to provide reference for energy saving design of industrial buildings in Shenyang area.The thermal performance of the windows has great effect on the heat load. The lower the heat transfer coefficient of windows is, the more beneficial for energy saving of the buildings. The window-wall ratio has great effect on the energy consumption, and different heat-transfer coefficients possess various sensitivity for window-wall ratio, and reflective glass varis smaller than the others.It is better for energy saving to replace the conventional windows with plastic-steel reflective glass windows.
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Juras, Peter. "Analysis of window model accuracy and its influence on the results compared to the measurement." MATEC Web of Conferences 196 (2018): 02028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819602028.

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This paper deals with differences between modelled window sash and frame in the Therm software and comparison with measured values in the pavilion type laboratory. In this laboratory are three different windows evaluated since 2011. These windows are suitable for low-energy or passive houses. Two different plastic based windows were modelled and the temperatures were compared to the real measurement with different outdoor temperatures.
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Papánová, Zuzana, and Daniel Papán. "Analysis of static and dynamic parameters of the wooden window glass frame." MATEC Web of Conferences 313 (2020): 00028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202031300028.

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An integral part of each the window is its frame. This frame is a support of the glass panel. It is a part of window used for any load distribution to the other parts of buildings. Investigation of parameters of this member acting in the interaction system (glass-frame) is important for numerical modelling and simplified analytical solution. The main aim of the paper is to present experimental investigation of the static and dynamic parameters results of usual wooden and plastic windows.
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Bielek, Boris, Daniel Szabó, Jakub Čurpek, Peter Suchánek, and Pavol Panáček. "Infrared Thermography Diagnostics of Air Permeability Through Building Openings – Assessment of its Reliability." Slovak Journal of Civil Engineering 28, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sjce-2020-0004.

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AbstractThe presented paper deals with an analysis of the reliability of a diagnostic method of air permeability through building openings (windows, doors, glass walls) by the application of infrared thermography. A test sample of a plastic double casement window was experimentally tested for air permeability and watertightness in a large pressure chamber. Different levels of the tightness were adjusted between the casement and frame part of the window. Additionally, the window test sample was measured in the large climate chamber with variant air pressure differences. Moreover, the surface temperatures were measured on the window by thermocouples and subsequently compared with images directly taken by infrared thermography. The effect of the increased air infiltration can be detected by infrared thermography but cannot quantify the overall air permeability of the window. The distribution of the exterior window surface temperature is influenced by several factors which should be taken into consideration in the final assessment of the window.
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Burlea, Stefan Lucian, Anamaria Ciubara, Georgeta Burlea, and Ramona Cimpoesu. "The Management of a Plastic Instrument. The way from idea to patent and final product." Materiale Plastice 54, no. 1 (March 30, 2017): 53–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/mp.17.1.4784.

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The article presents the procurance of an apparatus intended for the stage of reading and writing , used both by the pre- school children and the persons who present speaking deficiencies ,obtained from plastic parts marked and processed using a laser equipment. The learning equipment of writing and reading consists in a carcass of a triangular prism which has on a lateral side two visualization windows and a magnetic plate for writing, placed one below the other, at an appropriate distance, each visualization window being equipped with several illumination sources, disposed in a lineal way along the window, having an independent performance.
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Pashynskyi, Victor, Stanislav Dzhyrma, and Mykola Pashynskyi. "Thermal Characteristics of Window Junctions to Brick and Reinforced Concrete Walls of Civil Buildings in the Kirovograd Region." Central Ukrainian Scientific Bulletin. Technical Sciences, no. 3(34) (October 2020): 200–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.32515/2664-262x.2020.3(34).200-209.

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Existing design standards require that the temperature of the inner surface of the enclosure in the zones of high thermal conductivity should not fall below the temperature of the dew point. This phenomenon can occur in a place of window framing to the wall of residential and public buildings, which were massively produced in the second half of the twentieth century. Condensation can be avoided by raising the surface temperature of the inner window jamb extensions. This can be done by adding an additional insulation or displacement of the block frame window inside the building. The aim of the work is to calculate the appropriate values of the displacement of the block frame window inside the wall of different types for the climatic conditions of the Kirovograd region. The framing of metal-plastic windows to the walls of various structures that were produced in the second half of the twentieth century are analyzed. The insulation is performed in accordance with DBN B.2.6-31-2016. The lowest design temperature of the coldest five-day period within the territory of the Kirovograd Region is -24 °С. As a safety margin, the dew point temperature for residential and public buildings for various purposes is taken to be +11 °C. Finite element modeling in the THERM program environment made it possible to construct the temperature fields of the framing of metal-plastic windows to the walls of various structures and to obtain the very temperature of the inner window jamb extensions at various positions of the window frame within the wall. For each of the nodes examined, the possibility of condensation on the inner surfaces of the walls was established taking into account the position of window frame within the wall. As a result of the studies, it was found that the nodes of the side framing of the windows to the brick and panel walls of civil buildings without additional facade insulation do not meet the requirements for thermal reliability according to the condensation criterion. Facade insulation of existing or new walls, made in accordance with the requirements of DBN B.2.6-31-2016 "Thermal insulation of buildings", in almost all cases guarantees the absence of condensation on the internal surfaces of window jambs.
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Palková, Adela, and Milan Palko. "Theoretical Calculation of Thermal Transmittance." Applied Mechanics and Materials 820 (January 2016): 212–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.820.212.

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The article is focused on the theoretical calculation of thermal transmittance for new plastic window frame. Constant making the thermos-technical requirements stricter lays higher demands on improvement of window frames which the weakest element from the point of heat engineering. One important part of the window, which is needed to be improved, is a frame profile. Assessment of newly proposed window profile system is realised based on currently effective technical norms and regulations. The main aim of the theoretical assessment and computer simulation is to define the coefficient of passage of heat of the frame construction of a new plastic profile system.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Plastic window"

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De, Kock Evan. "An investigation into the window of opportunity for a small to medium size enterprise in the South African plastics industry as a manufacturer of industrial plastic wrapping." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53277.

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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The South African business environment is undergoing drastic changes. Unemployment is on the increase, globalisation is becoming a serious factor to contend with, competition in many industries is increasing and the South African government is pursuing more international investments. All these factors contribute to these changes. Many companies are rationalising to ensure competitiveness within the South African economy and to ensure that products are competitive with international brands entering South Africa. Increasing unemployment in South Africa is forcing individuals to develop an entrepreneurial spirit. The only method to curb this wave of unemployment is to invest in a small to medium size enterprise. Entrepreneurs in the USA have permanently altered the economy of the USA in the past 30 years. It is felt that this entrepreneurial spirit will also change the South African economy in years to follow. This research project analysed and discussed the window of opportunity for a small to medium size enterprise manufacturing plastic wrapping. The Plastics Industry Analysis Framework was developed to ensure a comprehensive insight into the plastics industry of South Africa. This framework is the combination of the Five Forces Model of Competition and the General Framework for an Industry Analysis, both developed by Michael Porter. The research found that the plastics industry is currently undergoing drastic changes, specifically in regard to South African legislation. It was also found that the plastics industry historically grew by 5% per annum, however, in recent years this growth was negative. Since 1998 the plastics industry reduced in size by 7,1%. Legislation in regard to plastic bags has had a major impact on the plastics industry. The research found that nearly 2000 additional jobs have been lost. The research found that the window of opportunity for a small to medium size plastic wrapping enterprise is limited. The effect of the new legislation on plastic bags is not clearly known, however, it has already negatively influenced the plastics industry. Opportunities do exist within other market sectors of the plastics industry of which recycling and export market sectors are prime examples. Future opportunities within the plastics industry will have to be carefully analysed to ensure success of any new venture.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Suid-Afrikaanse sake-omgewing ondergaan tans drastiese veranderinge. Verhoogde vlakke van werkloosheid, die bedreiging van globalisering, die kompetisie tussen industrieë, sowel as die Suid-Afrikaanse regering se strewe na internasionale beleggings, dra alles by tot hierdie veranderinge. Suid-Afrikaanse maatskappye rasionaliseer nie nét om kompeterend te bly binne die Suid-Afrikaanse ekonomie nie, maar ook dat hulle produkte kompeterend moet wees teenoor internasionale handelsmerke wat Suid-Afrika binnekom. Die verhoogde vlakke werkloosheid forseer individue om 'n entrepreneuriese denkwyse te ontwikkel. Belegging in 'n klein tot medium grootte besigheid is die enigste manier om werkloosheid teen te werk. Entrepreneurs in die VSA het dié land se ekonomie in die laaste 30 jaar permanent verander. Daar word gespekuleer dat hierdie entrepreneuriese denkwyse in die toekoms kan bydra tot veranderinge in die Suid-Afrikaanse ekonomie. Hierdie studie het die geleentheidsvenster van 'n klein tot medium grootte vervaardiger van plastiekfilm ondersoek. 'n Analitiese raamwerk is ontwikkel om 'n volledige begrip van die Suid-Afrikaanse plastiekbedryf daar te stel. Die raamwerk is saamgestel uit navorsing van Michael Porter, met spesifieke verwysing na kompetisie binne industrieë en 'n algemene raamwerk om industriëe te analiseer. Die ondersoek het getoon dat die plastiekbedryf tans drastiese veranderinge ondergaan, met verwysing spesifiek na Suid-Afrikaanse wetgewing. Histories het die plastiekbedryf jaarliks met 5% gegroei, maar negatiewe groei is die afgelope jare waargeneem. Sedert 1998 het die plastiekbedryf met 7,1% in grootte gekrimp. Wetgewing, met betrekking tot plastieksakke, het 'n groot impak op die plastiekbedryf gehad. Navorsing het getoon dat ongeveer 2000 bykomende werkgeleenthede verlore gegaan het. Die ondersoek het bewys dat die geleentheidsvenster vir die klein tot medium grootte plastiekfilm vervaardiger, beperk is. Hoewel die totale uitwerking van die nuwe wetgewing op plastieksakke nog onbekend is, is daar reeds 'n negatiewe tendens in die plastiekbedryf waargeneem. Geleenthede bestaan egter in verskeie ander marksektore binne die plastiekbedryf waarvan herwinning- en uitvoermarksektore voorbeelde is. Deeglike analise van geleenthede in die plastiekbedryf kan sukses in 'n toekomstige besigheid verseker.
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Heidbreder, Lea Marie [Verfasser], Manfred [Gutachter] Schmitt, and Gerhard [Gutachter] Reese. "Mitigation of plastic consumption : Creating a ‘window of opportunity’ to change habitual behavior / Lea Marie Heidbreder ; Gutachter: Manfred Schmitt, Gerhard Reese." Landau : Universität Koblenz-Landau, Campus Landau, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1228861641/34.

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Nejedlý, Jindřich. "Technologický projekt výrobní linky na výrobu plastových oken." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-228393.

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This master’s thesis focuses on rationalization of production line for plastic windows production in RI OKNA a.s. (Inc.). Evaluation of production line’s current estate is being done as well as weak point detection. On these bases some new variations for improvement are being suggested. The winning variation is drown up into the technological project and put through an economical evaluation.
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Koždoň, Jakub. "Polyfunkční dům v Brně." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-265449.

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The subject of this diploma thesis is a newly built mixed-use building in Brno. It is a four-storey building without cellar. The building is located on a corner plot in an urban part of Brno - Židenice. In the 1st floor there are three business units. On the other floors are a total of 11 apartments. One apartment is located in the courtyard. It is designed for people with limited mobility. The vertical structures are of the ceramic blocks Porotherm. Ceiling structures and staircases are cast-in-place reinforced concrete. The building is insulated with contact insulation system ETICS. The roof is warm flat. The project was processed by computer software AutoCAD 15.
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Horák, Aleš. "Projekt zabezpečení chodu poloautomatické linky na výrobu plastových oken." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-228392.

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This diploma thesis deals with plastic windows semi-automatic production line in the company RI-Okna. The system of storage, handling and weaknesses of the production line are described. The solution is fleshed out into a technological project, including economic evaluation and technical drawings.
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Kalluri, Ravi Shankar. "Failure of transparent polymer composite laminated glass panels under impact loading." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4902.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on March 27, 2008) Includes bibliographical references.
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O'Dell, Jason. "Wood plastic composite sill plate for continuous anchorage of shear walls in light-frame wood structures." Online access for everyone, 2008. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Summer2008/j_odell_060108.pdf.

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Padrtka, Tomáš. "Sportovní hala." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-372253.

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The aim of the diploma thesis is to elaborate the project documentation of the sports hall in the town of Bystřice nad Pernštejnem. The object is situated in an area with several other sports grounds. The building is partially basement with one overground floor. On the first floor there is a large and small gym, a fitness room and two massage rooms. There are also changing rooms for guests, staffing facilities, utility room, technical room and office for the managers of the sports hall. The underground floor features a bar with a billiard room and bowling. In the basement is also designed a warehouse, a technical room and separate toilets for men, women and invalids. The construction system of the hall is combined. The hall is based on foundation girders and baseplaces. The perimeter and interior masonry is from the Porotherm system. Pillars are reinforced concrete. The perimeter masonry is complemented by a contact thermal insulation system. The ceilings are designed from Spiroll cavity panels. The roof is designed flat on two levels. The roof above the hall is carried by timber truss girder. The roof above the background carries Spiroll cavity panels.
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Eisemon, Kristine Ellen. "The Use of Polyaspartic Gel Coats for the Improvement of Wind Turbine Composite Blades." Cleveland, Ohio : Case Western Reserve University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1244570874.

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Tatýrek, Lukáš. "Prototyp zařízení pro recyklaci filamentu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-442859.

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Master thesis is focusing on possibility of recycling waste from 3D prints. Goal was to degin a make lament extruder and winder. Design is based on research of avaible comercial and OpenSource solutions. The result is working machine with compact oor prejction, which is able to produce 110 grams of lament per hour. Deviation from diameter was ±0, 07. Conclusion place great emphasis on further improving and testing, beacuse it has not been reached limits of machine.
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Books on the topic "Plastic window"

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Babington, Mary F., Margaret K. Strekal, David A. Petina, and Dagfinn Senturia. Plastic windows & doors. Cleveland: Freedonia Group, 1999.

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Weizer, William P. Plastics in windows & doors. Cleveland: Freedonia Group, 1998.

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Kracht, Ingo. Verschnittoptimierung in der Kunststoff-Fenster-Fertigung: Eine empirische Analyse für den Zuschnitt von Rahmenprofilen, dargestellt am Beispiel eines ausgewählten Kunststoff-Fenster-Konfektionärs. Münster: Lit, 1992.

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Stachiw, Jerry D. Ocean engineering studies. San Diego, Calif: Naval Ocean Systems Center, 1990.

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Sponsorship, Multiclient, Sabre Associates, and Pure Strategy, eds. Plastic siding and windows in the U.S. and Canada, 1996-2000. Cornwall, CT: SAI, 1997.

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Sponsorship, Multiclient, Sabre Associates, and Pure Strategy, eds. Plastic siding and windows in the U.S. and Canada, 1998-2002. [West Cornwall, Conn.]: Sabre Associates, 1997.

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Associates, Sabre, ed. Plastic siding windows and doors, 1989. Norwalk, Conn: Sabre Associates, 1989.

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Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 World Outlook for Plastics Window Shades. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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The 2006-2011 World Outlook for Plastics Window Shades. Icon Group International, Inc., 2005.

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Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 Outlook for Plastics Window Shades in Japan. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "Plastic window"

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Zhao, Fang, Wei Wang, Chang Sheng Ai, and Hui Zhang. "Research on Sawing and Milling Features and NC Programming of Plastic Door and Window." In Materials Science Forum, 1152–55. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-421-9.1152.

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Zhao, Jianing, Yi Chen, and Bo Sun. "Heat Transfer Characteristics of Various Plastic–Steel Triple–Glazed Windows." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 37–45. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39578-9_5.

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Ball, S. G. "Evolution of Storage Polysaccharide Metabolism in Archaeplastida Opens an Unexpected Window on the Molecular Mechanisms That Drove Plastid Endosymbiosis." In Endosymbiosis, 111–34. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1303-5_6.

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"Material sensibility comparison between glass and plastic used in mobile phone window panel." In Advances in Affective and Pleasurable Design, 432–38. CRC Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b12525-53.

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Hernández, Robb. "Looking for Mundo Meza." In Archiving an Epidemic, 55–82. NYU Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479845309.003.0003.

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The death of the artist Mundo Meza at age twenty-nine is one of the greatest tragedies of the AIDS crisis. After his death, his extant work was scatteredand all but removed from public access, scholarly documentation, or the broader annals of Chicanx art history. Located in photographic glimpses and media clips, the detritus constituting his archival body of record demands another way of understanding an incomplete and little known oeuvre.. What is revealed in Meza’s marginality are creative practices derived from the trendy underground of Hollywood fashion, shocking window tableaus, and gender nonconforming performance art in East LA. This chapter uncovers the tenuous system ofpartial visions stewarded by his former lover and collaborator, Simon Doonan, and the plastic world of mannequins surrogating his life and memory.
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Brolin, H. "PERMANENT DEFORMATIONS IN PLASTIC WINDOWS." In Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Durability of Building Materials and Components, 362–65. Elsevier, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4832-8386-9.50050-4.

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Colopy, Cheryl. "The Real Poop: How Rivers Become Sewers." In Dirty, Sacred Rivers. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199845019.003.0009.

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The train coasts into Agra, full of tourists coming to visit the newly scrubbed, sparkling white Taj Mahal. Through the window I see dozens of men squatting on the bare, flat ground between the railway tracks and a string of low buildings. Their backs are partially turned to the train tracks. Some squat alone; others hunch near each other in companionable duos. They gaze meditatively into the distance as they relieve themselves on the garbage-strewn ground. I see this lineup for at least a mile as we glide toward the train station in the early morning. Some of the men carry little aluminum pots or plastic bottles as they approach the waste ground. The vessels sit on the ground next to men who are still engaged in their morning ritual. The water is for washing, for this is a land of washers, not wipers. I can’t tell whether or not the train has surprised the men today by its punctuality. No one looks uncomfortable. No one is hurrying. Privacy seems irrelevant to them. And in any case the men’s long white cotton tunics cover most of their bodies. There are no women. Perhaps they came earlier, when it was darker, before there was a chance that the frequently delayed train would catch them. I had not planned for a whole chapter in this book, let alone one right here at the beginning, to be about toilets and bodily functions. But there’s really no avoiding it. Rivers pour clear and clean out of the mountains, then become sewers in the Gangetic plain. One of the biggest problems in South Asia is, simply, what to do with the shit of more than a billion people. Few of them have toilets as Westerners understand the word. Many have nothing at all—no outhouse, no pit latrine. Globally, 1.2 billion people are still defecating in the open, approximately six hundred million of them in India. By 2010 more than half of India’s billion people had access to a cell phone while only a third had some form of toilet to use.
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Schmidhuber, H. "Perspectives in automotive polymer glazing – Polycarbonate makes use in side and rear windows possible." In Plastics in Automotive Engineering 2016, 67–82. VDI Verlag, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.51202/9783182443438-67.

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Ling, Roger, Paul Arthur, Georgia Clarke, Estelle Lazer, Lesley A. Ling, Peter Rush, and Andrew Waters. "I 10, 10-11: Casa Degli Amanti." In The Insula of the Menander at Pompeii: Volume 1: The Structures. Oxford University Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198134091.003.0021.

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The casa degli amanti (house of the lovers), at the south-west corner of the insula, falls into two fairly distinct halves: the atrium complex, oriented on the street to the west, and the peristyle with its surrounding rooms, oriented on the street to the south and on the property boundary to the east. In the atrium complex, the atrium is misplaced to the south of the central axis, allowing space for two large rooms to the north, one of which was possibly a shop or workshop (5.50 m. × 4.70 m.), with a separate entry from the street (I 10, 10), while the other (5.80 m. × 4.50 m.), decorated with mythological wallpaintings and provided with a wide opening on to the peristyle, must have been a dining-room or oecus (room 8). Each of these had a segmental vault rising from a height of about 3.50 m. at the spring to slightly over 4 m. at the crown. In the first the vault is missing, but the holes for some of its timbers are visible in the east wall and a groove along the north wall marks the seating for the planking attached to them; at a higher level, in the north and south walls, are the remains of beam-holes for the joists of the upper floor or attic (see below). The arrangements in room 8 are now obscured by the modern vault constructed to provide a surface for the reassembled fragments of the ceiling-paintings; but the shape of the vault is confirmed by the surviving plaster of the lunettes, while a beam-hole for the lowest of the vault-timbers is visible above the corner of the western lunette in an early photograph (Superintendency neg. C 1944). The shop I 10, 10 had a small window high in the street wall to the south of Its entrance; whether there were any additional windows above the entrance, it is impossible to say, since this part of the wall is a modern reconstruction. Room 8 was lit by a splayed window cut in the angle of the vault and the eastern lunette, opening into the upper storey of the peristyle.
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Griep, Mark A., and Marjorie L. Mikasen. "Isomorphs of Paranoia: Chemical Arsenals." In ReAction! Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195326925.003.0007.

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In the United States after the September 2001 attacks, citizens were advised to protect themselves from toxic dusts by covering their windows with plastic sheeting and duct tape that could be purchased from any hardware store. One hundred years ago, terrorists would not have had ready access to today’s common chemicals to create makeshift explosives, and citizens would not have had access to plastic sheeting or duct tape to protect themselves from aerosols or gases. Chemical weapons have engendered a cloud of fear since their introduction into warfare during World War I. Recently, the large-scale use of chemicals as lethal weapons has drifted from warfare to terrorism. Chemical weapons are often equated with poison gases (either asphyxiation or nerve agents), but as can be seen in the list of movies for this chapter, they are actually the most diverse type of weapon. Some of these weapons are discussed elsewhere in the book (psychedelic agents, chapter 5; explosives, chapter 9). The chemistry in nuclear weapons movies is discussed in the commentary sections for those movies that use them. The movies in this chapter are closely linked to spy movies, which lie at the nexus of the action and thriller genres. Spy movies are appealing in part because these charming, good-looking government employees live by their wits and gut reactions to make split-second decisions that are best for the spy and the government. But a spy is only as good as the villain; otherwise, it wouldn’t be challenging or fun. So, the final ingredient for the movie choices in this chapter is that many of them refer to actual chemical weapons, which grounds them in the real world. The audience knows these weapons are dangerous and can be misused by the wrong person. Only about 70 chemical compounds have been put to use during military conflicts over the past century, and they are classified based on their effects. Asphyxiating and blistering agents were created for WWI (1914–1918); nerve agents were developed for WWII (1940–1945) but never used in that war; napalm was also created for WWII but it generated public comment only when used in the Vietnam War; nonlethal psychedelics were tested extensively during the 1950s but haven’t been documented as having been used yet; herbicides and tear gas were used tactically during the Vietnam War.
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Conference papers on the topic "Plastic window"

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Huang, Daoyang, Rung-Ywan Tsai, and Fang C. Ho. "Plasma-polymerization-deposited transparent protective coating for plastic display window." In Photonics China '96, edited by Eric G. Lean, Zhiren Tian, and Bao Gang Wu. SPIE, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.253332.

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Choby, David A., Gregory J. Jager, John Johnstone, and Paul J. Fenelon. "An Efficient Light Weight all Plastic Dual Rack and Pinion Window Lift Mechanism for Automotive Vehicles." In SAE 2004 World Congress & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2004-01-0007.

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Tsai, Tom, James H. Lamond, and Sam S. C. Liao. "Impact Resistance of Rail Vehicle Window Glazing and Related Safety Issues." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-83064.

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This paper summarizes the research conducted since 1999 to support proposed new Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) testing standards for impact resistance of glazing in windows on passenger rail vehicles. This paper focuses on tests for “small object” impact, which are intended to primarily simulate the effects of vandals throwing ballast rocks at the side windows of a passing train. The speed of rocks being thrown by a group of human subjects was first evaluated. Subsequently, impact tests with ballast rocks and a 0.41 lb (2-inch diameter) aluminum ball were performed. The aluminum ball impacting at 55 mph is currently the object proposed for use in the new FRA testing standards under development. Tests were conducted using various types of glass, including specimens having spall or vandal shields consisting of a layer of protective plastic backing. Analysis techniques for evaluating pass/fail criteria were also developed.
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Zhang, Hui, Changsheng Ai, Fang Zhao, and Xiangbo Ze. "The CNC development of the sawing and milling machining center for plastic door and window PVC profile based on Fanuc0." In 2008 7th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wcica.2008.4593912.

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Nassiri, Ali, Greg P. Chini, and Brad L. Kinsey. "Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian FEA Method to Predict Wavy Pattern and Weldability Window During Magnetic Pulsed Welding." In ASME 2015 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2015-9442.

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Finite element simulations of high strain rate forming processes have received significant attention over the last decade. For instance, in Magnetic Pulsed Welding (MPW), extremely high plastic strain regions develop. Thus, a traditional pure Lagrangian analysis is not able to accurately model the process due to excessive element distortion near the contact zone. In this study, the Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) method is used to simulate a MPW process while retaining a high-quality mesh. Also the ALE method was able to numerically predict the necessary process parameters to achieve a wavy pattern region for two Al6061-T6 plates impacted during the MPW process. The captured wavy pattern region in this study can be used as a first estimation of parameters necessary to achieve a successful MPW component and thus reduce trial and error experimental investigations.
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Zhang, Bin, Bob Tarantino, and Samuel C. Lieber. "Effect of Metal Additive Manufacturing on the Engineering Design of Manufacturing Tooling: A Case Study on Dies for Plastic Extruded Products." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-71534.

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Metal Additive Manufacturing (MAM) has had a tremendous impact in reimagining the design and manufacture of products in a number of industries. The use of MAM to directly produce products continues to be investigated; however, the area of manufacturing tooling has yet to be fully explored. MAM provides a unique opportunity to introduce features that make manufacturing tooling better equipped to efficiently produce complex products. A recent example includes MAM produced molds for the injection molding industry. MAM, in this case, provides the ability to introduce unique features, such as cooling channels, that could not be introduced practically with SM processes. This study explores the use of MAM towards the engineering and design of Extrusion Die Tooling for plastic extruded products. Plastic extrusion is a high-volume manufacturing process for a broad range of products from tubing to window frames. These extruded plastic products come in not only a range of sizes, but also different polymer materials. A series of extrusion dies are currently needed in the process in order to achieve the final shape of the product. These dies are effectively designed in two dimensional Computer Aided Design (CAD) packages, because of the current preferred method of fabrication, wire Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM). This study explores the effect of MAM on the extrusion die engineering design process. The explored cases center on common extruded plastic products including tubing and constant wall U-channels. The study first describes how sets of extrusion dies are currently designed in CAD in order to produce the desired extruded product features with established advanced manufacturing processes (EDM). The study then details the effect of using the MAM alternative on the design process, CAD methods selected, and the extrusion die features. The impact of MAM on the extruded die design process are discussed in order to provide guidelines for when it should be considered in order to effectively achieve features on the described extruded plastic products.
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Chusak, Lee, Jared Daiber, and Ramesh Agarwal. "Increasing Energy Efficiency of HVAC Systems of Buildings Using Phase Change Material." In ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2011-54079.

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Using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), four different cooling systems used in contemporary office environments are modeled to compare energy consumption and thermal comfort levels. Incorporating convection and radiation technologies, full-scale models of an office room compare arrangements for (a) an all-air overhead system (mixing ventilation), (b) a combined air and hydronic radiant system (overhead system with a chilled ceiling), (c) an all-air raised floor system (displacement ventilation), and (d) a combined air and hydronic radiant system (displacement ventilation with a chilled ceiling). The computational domain for each model consists of one temperature varying wall (simulating the temperature of the exterior wall of the building during a 24-hour period) and adiabatic conditions for the remaining walls, floor, and ceiling (simulating interior walls of the room). Two sets of computations are conducted. The first set considers a glass window and plastic shade configuration for the exterior wall to compare the four cooling systems. The second set of computations consider a glass window, a phase change material layer and the plastic shade configuration for the exterior wall to examine the effect of the phase change material (PCM) layer on the cooling energy requirements. Both sets of simulations assumed an external wall that changed temperature as a function of time simulating the temperature changes on the exterior wall of the room during a 24 hour period. Results show superior thermal comfort levels as well as substantial energy savings can be accrued using the displacement ventilation and especially the displacement ventilation with a chilled ceiling over the conventional overhead mixing ventilation system. The results also show that the addition of a PCM layer to the exterior wall can significantly decrease the cooling energy requirements.
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AlBahrani, Hussain, Nobuo Morita, and Mohammad Alqam. "Quantifying the Effect of Stress Hysteresis on the Drilling Window: How Mud Weight Variations Can Affect Wellbore Strength." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/206199-ms.

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Abstract The estimation of the drilling window limits ensures that lost circulation and wellbore instability events are minimized. These limits are conventionally defined during the pre-drilling phase based on offset wells data. As drilling commences, mud weights are selected to fit within these limits and they can be adjusted to react to different drilling scenarios as long as they don't violate the defined limits. This process fails to consider the effect of the initial mud weight and its subsequent adjustments on the strength of the wellbore. The concept of stress hysteresis dictates that when a body is subjected to a certain load, such as the one exerted by the hydrostatic pressure of the mud, its state will be altered in a manner that can shift its strength limits. This work presents a model that quantifies the changes in the drilling window due to variations in mud weight. The objective is to ensure that any subsequent mud weight changes will fall within the updated drilling window limits. The analysis is carried out using a novel process of a 3D poro-elasto-plastic finite element model (FEM) that is integrated with a machine learning (ML) algorithm. The integrated FEM-ML model uses offset wells data along with the best fitting failure criterion to estimate the initial limits of the drilling window. The offset wells data used consist of wireline logs, drilling reports, and mechanical testing lab results belonging to the formation of interest. The integrated model uses this data to estimate the stress distribution and learn the failure patterns. The model is then used to run different scenarios of mud weight variations while drilling a specific hole section to quantify their effect on the drilling window. The end result of each scenario is an update of the drilling window, which reflects the effect of stress hysteresis. When examining the initial estimations of the drilling window against those reflecting the stress path effect, a significant discrepancy in the window size is quantified. This examination is carried out for an offset well, which experienced multiple mud weight changes as a response to various drilling events. Subsequently, the changes in the drilling window and the actual mud weights used are analyzed in view of the drilling difficulties experienced in that specific offset well for the purpose of providing a form of validation. The model results show that the drilling window had shrunk significantly enough for the mud weight to violate the wellbore stability limit. Failure to consider the stress hysteresis effect in this well led major wellbore instability, tight hole, and overpull. The modelling effort presented in this work allows for a new aspect of dynamic responses to drilling events as they occur.
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Longo, Leonardo, S. Mancini, and M. G. Postiglione. "Induratio penis plastica (IPP) and laser: a review." In Laser Florence 2001: a Window on the Laser Medicine World, edited by Leonardo Longo, Alfons G. Hofstetter, Mihail-Lucian Pascu, and Wilhelm R. A. Waidelich. SPIE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.486613.

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Tu, Rang, Mengdan Liu, and Lanbin Liu. "Heating Conservation Methods and Economy Analysis of Winter Heating in Rural Residential Buildings in Southeast China: A Case Study." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-10310.

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Abstract In this paper, energy conservation approaches for residential buildings in rural area of southeast China are studied. There used to be no heating habits in rural buildings of southeast China, which is due to the relatively warm weather in winter. However, as the stand of living is increasing, heating in winter has become more popular in recent years. It is quite important to choose proper heating conservation materials taking both initial cost and operating cost into consideration. In this paper, a typical house in southern part of Henan Province is selected for study. It is a two-level house made of bricks, which was built in 2014. A set of radiators were installed for heating in winter. Water, which is heated by electrical heater, is used as heating medium for these radiators. As compared with heat pumps, draft sensation problem is avoided and temperature in the heating space is more uniform. However, operating fee is very high, which makes this heating method less attractive. To reduce power consumption of winter heating, heating load needs to be reduced and the efficiency of heating equipment needs to be increased. In this study, researches are carried out as following. First, a model is built in DeST, which is a software that can calculate hourly heating load and room temperature. Then, the effect of thermal preservation quality of envelops on room temperature and heating load are investigated. Six models with different envelopes are simulated. Then, heating load as well as power consumptions of electrical heaters and heat pumps among the six envelopes are compared. Lastly, economic analysis is carried out for the energy efficient retrofit case so that the payback period is calculated. The results show that heating load capacity of case F, envelope of which made of 240 bricks plus foamed plastic and hollow glass windows, can be reduced to 1/3 that of case A, envelope of which made of 240 bricks and single glass windows. Considering power consumptions of both compressors and fans, energy consumption density (divided by area) can be reduced from 21.6∼25 kWh·m−2·year−1 of case A, which has the worst heat conservation property, to 6.7∼7.7 kWh·m−2·year−1 of case F. If the building is improved from case A to case F and heat pumps are adopted, the payback period is 3.3∼3.8 years. Because of high cost of window retrofit and small influence of its heat conservation property on the reduction of heating capacity, it is recommended to just improve walls. Air tightness of window is more effective than thermal quality.
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