Log in

Relevant bibliographies by topics / Plastid transcription / Journal articles

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Plastid transcription.

Journal articles on the topic 'Plastid transcription'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 3 February 2022

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Plastid transcription.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

1

Deng, X. W., D. B. Stern, J. C. Tonkyn, and W. Gruissem. "Plastid run-on transcription. Application to determine the transcriptional regulation of spinach plastid genes." Journal of Biological Chemistry 262, no. 20 (July 1987): 9641–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(18)47982-3.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Toyoshima, Yoshinori, Yayoi Onda, Takashi Shiina, and Yoichi Nakahira. "Plastid Transcription in Higher Plants." Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences 24, no. 1 (February 23, 2005): 59–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07352680590910438.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Bruce Cahoon, A., and David B. Stern. "Plastid transcription: a menage à trois?" Trends in Plant Science 6, no. 2 (February 2001): 45–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1360-1385(00)01858-6.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Andreeva, A. A., I. A. Bychkov, M. N. Danilova, N. V. Kudryakova, and V. V. Kusnetsov. "Cytokinins and Abscisic Acid Regulate the Expression of the Genes for Plastid Transcription Apparatus during Heat Shock." Доклады Академии наук 486, no. 1 (May 10, 2019): 108–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869-56524861108-113.

Full text

Abstract:

The treatment of Arabidopsis thaliana plants with exogenous cytokinin (CK) followed by heat shock (HS) activated the expression of the genes for the plastid transcription machinery but adversely affected the plant viability. Abscisic acid (ABA), conversely, promoted maintaining the resistance to HS and had differentially affected different components of the plastid transcriptional complex. This hormone suppressed the accumulation of transcripts of PEP genes and the genes encoding PAP proteins, which are involved in DNA-RNA metabolism. However, it had no effect or activated the expression of NEP genes and PAP genes, which are involved in the redox regulation, as well as the genes encoding the stress-inducible trans-factor (SIG5) and the plastid transcription Ser/Thr protein kinase (spCK2). Thus, for the adaptation of plants to elevated temperatures, both increase and decrease in the expression of the genes for the plastid transcriptional machinery with the involvement of various regulatory systems, including phytohormones, are equally significant.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Ahmad, Niaz, and Brent L. Nielsen. "Plastid Transcriptomics: An Important Tool For Plastid Functional Genomics." Protein & Peptide Letters 28, no. 8 (September 10, 2021): 855–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929866528999210128210555.

Full text

Abstract:

Plastids in higher plants carry out specialized roles such as photosynthesis, nitrogen assimilation, biosynthesis of amino acids, fatty acids, isoprenoids, and various metabolites. Plastids arise from undifferentiated precursors known as proplastids, which are found in the root and shoot meristems. They are highly dynamic as they change their number, morphology, and physiology according to the tissue they are present. In addition to housing various metabolic activities, plastids also serve as a global sensor for both internal and external environmental cues including different stresses, and help plants to respond/adjust accordingly. They relay information to the nucleus, which then responds by changing the expression levels of specific genes. It has been shown that plants with impaired plastid functions exhibit abnormalities. One of the sources emanating these signals to the nucleus is plastid transcription. Normal plastid functioning is therefore critical for plant survival. Despite immense significance for plant acclimation, the plastid transcriptome is largely an unstudied research area. In this review, we discuss the importance of plastid transcriptomics for the acclimation of plants under changing environmental conditions and summarize the key literature published in this field.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Gray, John C., James A. Sullivan, Jun-Hui Wang, Cheryl A. Jerome, and Daniel MacLean. "Coordination of plastid and nuclear gene expression." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 358, no. 1429 (January 29, 2003): 135–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2002.1180.

Full text

Abstract:

The coordinated expression of genes distributed between the nuclear and plastid genomes is essential for the assembly of functional chloroplasts. Although the nucleus has a pre–eminent role in controlling chloroplast biogenesis, there is considerable evidence that the expression of nuclear genes encoding photosynthesis–related proteins is regulated by signals from plastids. Perturbation of several plastid–located processes, by inhibitors or in mutants, leads to decreased transcription of a set of nuclear photosynthesis–related genes. Characterization of arabidopsis gun ( genomes uncoupled ) mutants, which express nuclear genes in the presence of norflurazon or lincomycin, has provided evidence for two separate signalling pathways, one involving tetrapyrrole biosynthesis intermediates and the other requiring plastid protein synthesis. In addition, perturbation of photosynthetic electron transfer produces at least two different redox signals, as part of the acclimation to altered light conditions. The recognition of multiple plastid signals requires a reconsideration of the mechanisms of regulation of transcription of nuclear genes encoding photosynthesis–related proteins.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Tadini, Luca, Nicolaj Jeran, Carlotta Peracchio, Simona Masiero, Monica Colombo, and Paolo Pesaresi. "The plastid transcription machinery and its coordination with the expression of nuclear genome: Plastid-Encoded Polymerase, Nuclear-Encoded Polymerase and the Genomes Uncoupled 1-mediated retrograde communication." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 375, no. 1801 (May 4, 2020): 20190399. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0399.

Full text

Abstract:

Plastid genes in higher plants are transcribed by at least two different RNA polymerases, the plastid-encoded RNA polymerase (PEP), a bacteria-like core enzyme whose subunits are encoded by plastid genes ( rpoA , rpoB , rpoC1 and rpoC2 ), and the nuclear-encoded plastid RNA polymerase (NEP), a monomeric bacteriophage-type RNA polymerase. Both PEP and NEP enzymes are active in non-green plastids and in chloroplasts at all developmental stages. Their transcriptional activity is affected by endogenous and exogenous factors and requires a strict coordination within the plastid and with the nuclear gene expression machinery. This review focuses on the different molecular mechanisms underlying chloroplast transcription regulation and its coordination with the photosynthesis-associated nuclear genes ( PhANGs ) expression. Particular attention is given to the link between NEP and PEP activity and the GUN1- (Genomes Uncoupled 1) mediated chloroplast-to-nucleus retrograde communication with respect to the Δrpo adaptive response, i.e. the increased accumulation of NEP-dependent transcripts upon depletion of PEP activity, and the editing-level changes observed in NEP-dependent transcripts, including rpoB and rpoC1 , in gun1 cotyledons after norflurazon or lincomycin treatment. The role of cytosolic preproteins and HSP90 chaperone as components of the GUN1-retrograde signalling pathway, when chloroplast biogenesis is inhibited in Arabidopsis cotyledons, is also discussed. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Retrograde signalling from endosymbiotic organelles’.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Sun, E., B. W. Wu, and K. K. Tewari. "In vitro analysis of the pea chloroplast 16S rRNA gene promoter." Molecular and Cellular Biology 9, no. 12 (December 1989): 5650–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.9.12.5650.

Full text

Abstract:

A cloned pea chloroplast 16S rRNA gene promoter has been characterized in detail by use of a homologous in vitro transcription system that contains a highly purified chloroplast RNA polymerase. The in vivo and in vitro 16S rRNA transcriptional start site has been identified to be a T on the plus strand, 158 bases upstream of the mature 5' end of the gene. BAL 31 deletions of the 16S rRNA leader region demonstrated that the bases between -66 to +30 relative to the transcriptional start site (+1) are necessary for specific 16S transcription. Disruption of canonical TTGACA or TATAAT elements within this region caused complete transcriptional inactivation and prevented protein binding. The topological requirement for 16S transcription was examined by using a construct that synthesized a transcript from the 16S promoter and released it from a pea plastid putative terminator sequence. This minigene was relaxed in vitro with a topoisomerase I from pea chloroplast. It was shown that the 16S promoter was most active when the minigene plasmid was supercoiled.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Sun, E., B. W. Wu, and K. K. Tewari. "In vitro analysis of the pea chloroplast 16S rRNA gene promoter." Molecular and Cellular Biology 9, no. 12 (December 1989): 5650–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.9.12.5650-5659.1989.

Full text

Abstract:

A cloned pea chloroplast 16S rRNA gene promoter has been characterized in detail by use of a homologous in vitro transcription system that contains a highly purified chloroplast RNA polymerase. The in vivo and in vitro 16S rRNA transcriptional start site has been identified to be a T on the plus strand, 158 bases upstream of the mature 5' end of the gene. BAL 31 deletions of the 16S rRNA leader region demonstrated that the bases between -66 to +30 relative to the transcriptional start site (+1) are necessary for specific 16S transcription. Disruption of canonical TTGACA or TATAAT elements within this region caused complete transcriptional inactivation and prevented protein binding. The topological requirement for 16S transcription was examined by using a construct that synthesized a transcript from the 16S promoter and released it from a pea plastid putative terminator sequence. This minigene was relaxed in vitro with a topoisomerase I from pea chloroplast. It was shown that the 16S promoter was most active when the minigene plasmid was supercoiled.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Sanitá Lima, Matheus, and David Roy Smith. "Pervasive Transcription of Mitochondrial, Plastid, and Nucleomorph Genomes across Diverse Plastid-Bearing Species." Genome Biology and Evolution 9, no. 10 (September 27, 2017): 2650–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evx207.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

ALLISON, L. "The role of sigma factors in plastid transcription." Biochimie 82, no. 6-7 (June 7, 2000): 537–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0300-9084(00)00611-8.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Khan, Muhammad Sarwar. "Unraveling the complexities of plastid transcription in plants." Trends in Biotechnology 23, no. 11 (November 2005): 535–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tibtech.2005.08.004.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Buhot, Laurence, Eva Horvàth, Peter Medgyesy, and Silva Lerbs-Mache. "Hybrid transcription system for controlled plastid transgene expression." Plant Journal 46, no. 4 (May 2006): 700–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-313x.2006.02718.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Legen, Julia, Sabine Kemp, Kirsten Krause, Birgit Profanter, Reinhold G. Herrmann, and Rainer M. Maier. "Comparative analysis of plastid transcription profiles of entire plastid chromosomes from tobacco attributed to wild-type and PEP-deficient transcription machineries." Plant Journal 31, no. 2 (July 2002): 171–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-313x.2002.01349.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Coate, Jeremy E., W. Max Schreyer, David Kum, and Jeff J. Doyle. "Robust Cytonuclear Coordination of Transcription in Nascent Arabidopsis thaliana Autopolyploids." Genes 11, no. 2 (January 28, 2020): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11020134.

Full text

Abstract:

Polyploidy is hypothesized to cause dosage imbalances between the nucleus and the other genome-containing organelles (mitochondria and plastids), but the evidence for this is limited. We performed RNA-seq on Arabidopsis thaliana diploids and their derived autopolyploids to quantify the degree of inter-genome coordination of transcriptional responses to nuclear whole genome duplication in two different organs (sepals and rosette leaves). We show that nuclear and organellar genomes exhibit highly coordinated responses in both organs. First, organelle genome copy number increased in response to nuclear whole genome duplication (WGD), at least partially compensating for altered nuclear genome dosage. Second, transcriptional output of the different cellular compartments is tuned to maintain diploid-like levels of relative expression among interacting genes. In particular, plastid genes and nuclear genes whose products are plastid-targeted show coordinated down-regulation, such that their expression levels relative to each other remain constant across ploidy levels. Conversely, mitochondrial genes and nuclear genes with mitochondrial targeting show either constant or coordinated up-regulation of expression relative to other nuclear genes. Thus, cytonuclear coordination is robust to changes in nuclear ploidy level, with diploid-like balance in transcript abundances achieved within three generations after nuclear whole genome duplication.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Adamowicz-Skrzypkowska, Aleksandra, Malgorzata Kwasniak-Owczarek, Olivier Van Aken, Urszula Kazmierczak, and Hanna Janska. "Joint inhibition of mitochondrial complex IV and alternative oxidase by genetic or chemical means represses chloroplast transcription in Arabidopsis." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 375, no. 1801 (May 4, 2020): 20190409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0409.

Full text

Abstract:

Changes in the functional state of mitochondria have profound effects on other cellular compartments. Genome-wide expression analysis of Arabidopsis rps10 mutants with an RNAi-silenced expression of mitoribosomal S10 protein has revealed extensive transcriptional reprogramming. A meta-analysis comparing expression datasets of 25 mitochondrial perturbations showed a high similarity of the aox1a:rpoTmp mutant , which is defective in the alternative oxidase (AOX1a) and dual-targeted mitochondrial and plastid RNA polymerase (RPOTmp), to rps10 . Both rps10 and aox1a:rpoTmp showed a significantly decreased electron flux through both the cytochrome and the alternative respiratory pathways, and a markedly decreased the expression of nuclear-encoded components of the chloroplast transcription machinery. In line with this, a decreased level of plastid transcripts was observed in rps10 and aox1a:rpoTmp , which was reflected in a reduced rate of chloroplast transcription. Chemical treatment of wild-type seedlings with respiratory inhibitors showed that only simultaneous and direct inhibition of complex IV and AOX activity decreased the level of plastid transcripts. Taken together, both chemical and genetic studies show that the limitation of the activity of two mitochondrial terminal oxidases, complex IV and AOX, negatively impacts chloroplast transcription. Salicylic acid and oxygen are discussed as putative mediators of the signalling pathway between mitochondria, nucleus and chloroplasts. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Retrograde signalling from endosymbiotic organelles’.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Miyata, S., Mikio Nakazono, and A. Hirai. "Transcription of plastid-derived tRNA genes in rice mitochondria." Current Genetics 34, no. 3 (September 16, 1998): 216–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002940050389.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Ogrzewalla, Karsten, Markus Piotrowski, Steffen Reinbothe, and Gerhard Link. "The plastid transcription kinase from mustard (Sinapis alba L.)." European Journal of Biochemistry 269, no. 13 (July 2002): 3329–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1432-1033.2002.03017_269_13.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Lysenko, Eugene A. "Plant sigma factors and their role in plastid transcription." Plant Cell Reports 26, no. 7 (March 14, 2007): 845–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00299-007-0318-7.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Falk, Jon, Anke Schmidt, and Karin Krupinska. "Characterization of Plastid DNA Transcription in Ribosome Deficient Plastids of Heat-bleached Barley Leaves." Journal of Plant Physiology 141, no. 2 (February 1993): 176–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0176-1617(11)80756-x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Kleine, Tatjana, and Dario Leister. "Evolutionary tinkering: birth of a novel chloroplast protein." Biochemical Journal 403, no. 3 (April 12, 2007): e13-e14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20070312.

Full text

Abstract:

The term ‘evolutionary tinkering’ refers to evolutionary innovation by recombination of functional units, and includes the creation of novel proteins from pre-existing modules. A novel instance of evolutionary tinkering was recently discovered in the flowering plant genus Nicotiana: the conversion of a nuclear transcription factor into the plastid-resident protein WIN4 (wound-induced clone 4) involved in environmental stress responses. In this issue of the Biochemical Journal, Kodama and Sano now show that two steps are necessary for the establishment of the novel plastid protein: the acquisition of an internal translation initiation site and the use of multiple transcription starts to produce short mRNA variants that encode the plastid-targeted protein form.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Hanley-Bowdoin, L., E. M. Orozco, and N. H. Chua. "In vitro synthesis and processing of a maize chloroplast transcript encoded by the ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase large subunit gene." Molecular and Cellular Biology 5, no. 10 (October 1985): 2733–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.5.10.2733.

Full text

Abstract:

The large subunit gene (rbcL) of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase was transcribed in vitro by using maize and pea chloroplast extracts and a cloned plastid DNA template containing 172 base pairs (bp) of the maize rbcL protein-coding region and 791 bp of upstream sequences. Three major in vitro RNA species were synthesized which correspond to in vivo maize rbcL RNAs with 5' termini positioned 300, 100 to 105, and 63 nucleotides upstream of the protein-coding region. A deletion of 109 bp, including the "-300" 5' end (the 5' end at position -300), depressed all rbcL transcription in vitro. A plasmid DNA containing this 109-bp fragment was sufficient to direct correct transcription initiation in vitro. A cloned template, containing 191 bp of plastid DNA which includes the -105 and -63 rbcL termini, did not support transcription in vitro. Exogenously added -300 RNA could be converted to the -63 transcript by maize chloroplast extract. These results established that the -300 RNA is the primary maize rbcL transcript, the -63 RNA is a processed form of the -300 transcript, and synthesis of the -105 RNA is dependent on the -300 region. The promoter for the maize rbcL gene is located within the 109 bp flanking the -300 site. Mutagenesis of the 109-bp chloroplast sequence 11 bp upstream of the -300 transcription initiation site reduced rbcL promoter activity in vitro.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Hanley-Bowdoin, L., E. M. Orozco, and N. H. Chua. "In vitro synthesis and processing of a maize chloroplast transcript encoded by the ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase large subunit gene." Molecular and Cellular Biology 5, no. 10 (October 1985): 2733–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.5.10.2733-2745.1985.

Full text

Abstract:

The large subunit gene (rbcL) of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase was transcribed in vitro by using maize and pea chloroplast extracts and a cloned plastid DNA template containing 172 base pairs (bp) of the maize rbcL protein-coding region and 791 bp of upstream sequences. Three major in vitro RNA species were synthesized which correspond to in vivo maize rbcL RNAs with 5' termini positioned 300, 100 to 105, and 63 nucleotides upstream of the protein-coding region. A deletion of 109 bp, including the "-300" 5' end (the 5' end at position -300), depressed all rbcL transcription in vitro. A plasmid DNA containing this 109-bp fragment was sufficient to direct correct transcription initiation in vitro. A cloned template, containing 191 bp of plastid DNA which includes the -105 and -63 rbcL termini, did not support transcription in vitro. Exogenously added -300 RNA could be converted to the -63 transcript by maize chloroplast extract. These results established that the -300 RNA is the primary maize rbcL transcript, the -63 RNA is a processed form of the -300 transcript, and synthesis of the -105 RNA is dependent on the -300 region. The promoter for the maize rbcL gene is located within the 109 bp flanking the -300 site. Mutagenesis of the 109-bp chloroplast sequence 11 bp upstream of the -300 transcription initiation site reduced rbcL promoter activity in vitro.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Mishev, Kiril, Anna Dimitrova, and Evguéni D. Ananiev. "Darkness Affects Differentially the Expression of Plastid-Encoded Genes and Delays the Senescence-Induced Down-Regulation of Chloroplast Transcription in Cotyledons of Cucurbita pepo L. (Zucchini)." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 66, no. 3-4 (April 1, 2011): 159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2011-3-410.

Full text

Abstract:

In contrast to differentiated leaves, the regulatory mechanisms of chloroplast gene expression in darkened cotyledons have not been elucidated. Although some results have been reported indicating accelerated senescence in Arabidopsis upon reillumination, the capacity of cotyledons to recover after dark stress remains unclear. We analysed the effect of twodays dark stress, applied locally or at the whole-plant level, on plastid gene expression in zucchini cotyledons. Our results showed that in the dark the overall chloroplast transcription rate was much more inhibited than the nuclear run-on transcription. While the activities of the plastid-encoded RNA polymerase (PEP) and nuclear RNA polymerase II were strongly reduced, the activities of the nuclear-encoded plastid RNA polymerase (NEP) and nuclear RNA polymerase I were less affected. During recovery upon reillumination, chloroplast transcription in the cotyledons was strongly stimulated (3-fold) compared with the naturally senescing controls, suggesting delayed senescence. Northern blot and dot blot analyses of the expression of key chloroplast-encoded photosynthetic genes showed that in contrast to psbA, which remained almost unaffected, both the transcription rate and mRNA content of psaB and rbcL were substantially decreased

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Zhang, Yi, Kehan Sun, Francisco J. Sandoval, Katherine Santiago, and Sanja Roje. "One-carbon metabolism in plants: characterization of a plastid serine hydroxymethyltransferase." Biochemical Journal 430, no. 1 (July 28, 2010): 97–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20100566.

Full text

Abstract:

SHMT (serine hydroxymethyltransferase; EC 2.1.2.1) catalyses reversible hydroxymethyl group transfer from serine to H4PteGlun (tetrahydrofolate), yielding glycine and 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate. In plastids, SHMTs are thought to catalytically direct the hydroxymethyl moiety of serine into the metabolic network of H4PteGlun-bound one-carbon units. Genes encoding putative plastid SHMTs were found in the genomes of various plant species. SHMT activity was detected in chloroplasts in pea (Pisum sativum) and barley (Hordeum vulgare), suggesting that plastid SHMTs exist in all flowering plants. The Arabidopsis thaliana genome encodes one putative plastid SHMT (AtSHMT3). Its cDNA was cloned by reverse transcription–PCR and the encoded recombinant protein was produced in Escherichia coli. Evidence that AtSHMT3 is targeted to plastids was found by confocal microscopy of A. thaliana protoplasts transformed with proteins fused to enhanced green fluorescent protein. Characterization of recombinant AtSHMT3 revealed that substrate affinity for and the catalytic efficiency of H4PteGlu1-8 increase with n, and that H4PteGlu1-8 inhibit AtSHMT3. 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate and 5-formyltetrahydrofolate with one and five glutamate residues inhibited AtSHMT3-catalysed hydroxymethyl group transfer from serine to H4PteGlu6, with the pentaglutamylated inhibitors being more effective. Calculations revealed inhibition with 5-methyltetrahydrofolate or 5-formyltetrahydrofolate resulting in little reduction in AtSHMT3 activity under folate concentrations estimated for plastids.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Chi, Wei, Baoye He, Juan Mao, Jingjing Jiang, and Lixin Zhang. "Plastid sigma factors: Their individual functions and regulation in transcription." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics 1847, no. 9 (September 2015): 770–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.01.001.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Puthiyaveetil, Sujith, Steven D. McKenzie, Gilbert E. Kayanja, and Iskander M. Ibrahim. "Transcription initiation as a control point in plastid gene expression." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Regulatory Mechanisms 1864, no. 3 (March 2021): 194689. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbagrm.2021.194689.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Hirakawa, Yoshihisa, and Arisa Watanabe. "Organellar DNA Polymerases in Complex Plastid-Bearing Algae." Biomolecules 9, no. 4 (April 7, 2019): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom9040140.

Full text

Abstract:

DNA replication in plastids and mitochondria is generally regulated by nucleus-encoded proteins. In plants and red algae, a nucleus-encoded enzyme called POP (plant and protist organellar DNA polymerase) is involved in DNA replication in both organelles by virtue of its dual localization. POPs are family A DNA polymerases, which include bacterial DNA polymerase I (PolI). POP homologs have been found in a wide range of eukaryotes, including plants, algae, and non-photosynthetic protists. However, the phylogeny and subcellular localizations of POPs remain unclear in many algae, especially in secondary and tertiary plastid-bearing groups. In this study, we report that chlorarachniophytes possess two evolutionarily distinct POPs, and fluorescent protein-tagging experiments demonstrate that they are targeted to the secondary plastids and mitochondria, respectively. The timing of DNA replication is different between the two organelles in the chlorarachniophyte Bigelowiella natans, and this seems to be correlated to the transcription of respective POP genes. Dinoflagellates also carry two distinct POP genes, possibly for their plastids and mitochondria, whereas haptophytes and ochrophytes have only one. Therefore, unlike plants, some algal groups are likely to have evolved multiple DNA polymerases for various organelles. This study provides a new insight into the evolution of organellar DNA replication in complex plastid-bearing organisms.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

NAGASHIMA, Akitomo, Mitsumasa HANAOKA, Reiko MOTOHASHI, Motoaki SEKI, Kazuo SHINOZAKI, Kengo KANAMARU, Hideo TAKAHASHI, and Kan TANAKA. "DNA Microarray Analysis of Plastid Gene Expression in anArabidopsisMutant Deficient in a Plastid Transcription Factor Sigma, SIG2." Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 68, no. 3 (January 2004): 694–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/bbb.68.694.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Yagi, Y., Y. Ishizaki, Y. Nakahira, Y. Tozawa, and T. Shiina. "Eukaryotic-type plastid nucleoid protein pTAC3 is essential for transcription by the bacterial-type plastid RNA polymerase." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109, no. 19 (April 23, 2012): 7541–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1119403109.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Macadlo, Lauren A., Iskander M. Ibrahim, and Sujith Puthiyaveetil. "Sigma factor 1 in chloroplast gene transcription and photosynthetic light acclimation." Journal of Experimental Botany 71, no. 3 (October 23, 2019): 1029–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erz464.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Sigma factors are dissociable subunits of bacterial RNA polymerase that ensure efficient transcription initiation from gene promoters. Owing to their prokaryotic origin, chloroplasts possess a typical bacterial RNA polymerase together with its sigma factor subunit. The higher plant Arabidopsis thaliana contain as many as six sigma factors for the hundred or so of its chloroplast genes. The role of this relatively large number of transcription initiation factors for the miniature chloroplast genome, however, is not fully understood. Using two Arabidopsis T-DNA insertion mutants, we show that sigma factor 1 (SIG1) initiates transcription of a specific subset of chloroplast genes. We further show that the photosynthetic control of PSI reaction center gene transcription requires complementary regulation of the nuclear SIG1 gene at the transcriptional level. This SIG1 gene regulation is dependent on both a plastid redox signal and a light signal transduced by the phytochrome photoreceptor.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Miyagishima, Shin-ya. "A Multifunctional Modulator Coordinates Nuclear Transcription and Plastid Metabolism and Proliferation." Molecular Plant 13, no. 6 (June 2020): 820–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molp.2020.05.008.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Chen, Yi-Bu, Dion G. Durnford, Michal Koblizek, and Paul G. Falkowski. "Plastid Regulation of Lhcb1 Transcription in the Chlorophyte Alga Dunaliella tertiolecta." Plant Physiology 136, no. 3 (October 29, 2004): 3737–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.104.038919.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Efimova, M. V., V. V. Kusnetsov, A. K. Kravtsov, R. A. Karnachuk, V. A. Khripach, and Vl V. Kuznetsov. "Regulation of the transcription of plastid genes in plants by brassinosteroids." Doklady Biological Sciences 445, no. 1 (July 2012): 272–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0012496612040199.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Favory, J. J. "Specific function of a plastid sigma factor for ndhF gene transcription." Nucleic Acids Research 33, no. 18 (October 12, 2005): 5991–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gki908.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Nelson, Martha J., Yunkun Dang, Elena Filek, Zhaoduo Zhang, Vionnie Wing Chi Yu, Ken-ichiro Ishida, and Beverley R. Green. "Identification and transcription of transfer RNA genes in dinoflagellate plastid minicircles." Gene 392, no. 1-2 (May 2007): 291–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2007.01.018.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Lyubetsky, Vassily A., Alexander V. Seliverstov, and Oleg A. Zverkov. "Transcription Regulation of Plastid Genes Involved in Sulfate Transport in Viridiplantae." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/413450.

Full text

Abstract:

This study considers transcription regulation of plastid genes involved in sulfate transport in the parasites of invertebrate (Helicosporidiumsp.) and other species of the Viridiplantae. A one-box conserved motif with the consensus TAAWATGATT is found near promoters upstream thecysTandcysAgenes in many species. In certain cases, the motif is repeated two or three times.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Havurinne, Vesa, Maria Handrich, Mikko Antinluoma, Sergey Khorobrykh, Sven B. Gould, and Esa Tyystjärvi. "Genetic autonomy and low singlet oxygen yield support kleptoplast functionality in photosynthetic sea slugs." Journal of Experimental Botany 72, no. 15 (May 15, 2021): 5553–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erab216.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The kleptoplastic sea slug Elysia chlorotica consumes Vaucheria litorea, stealing its plastids, which then photosynthesize inside the animal cells for months. We investigated the properties of V. litorea plastids to understand how they withstand the rigors of photosynthesis in isolation. Transcription of specific genes in laboratory-isolated V. litorea plastids was monitored for 7 days. The involvement of plastid-encoded FtsH, a key plastid maintenance protease, in recovery from photoinhibition in V. litorea was estimated in cycloheximide-treated cells. In vitro comparison of V. litorea and spinach thylakoids was applied to investigate reactive oxygen species formation in V. litorea. In comparison to other tested genes, the transcripts of ftsH and translation elongation factor EF-Tu (tufA) decreased slowly in isolated V. litorea plastids. Higher levels of FtsH were also evident in cycloheximide-treated cells during recovery from photoinhibition. Charge recombination in PSII of V. litorea was found to be fine-tuned to produce only small quantities of singlet oxygen, and the plastids also contained reactive oxygen species-protective compounds. Our results support the view that the genetic characteristics of the plastids are crucial in creating a photosynthetic sea slug. The plastid’s autonomous repair machinery is likely enhanced by low singlet oxygen production and elevated expression of FtsH.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Kodama, Yutaka, and Hiroshi Sano. "Functional diversification of a basic helix–loop–helix protein due to alternative transcription during generation of amphidiploidy in tobacco plants." Biochemical Journal 403, no. 3 (April 12, 2007): 493–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20070011.

Full text

Abstract:

A plastid-resident basic helix–loop–helix protein, previously identified in Nicotiana tabacum and designated as NtWIN4 (N. tabacum wound-induced clone 4), has been converted from a nuclear transcription repressor into a plastid-resident regulatory factor through replacement of the DNA-binding domain with a plastid transit sequence during evolution. N. tabacum is a natural amphidiploid plant derived from Nicotiana tomentosiformis and Nicotiana sylvestris and immunoblot staining using anti-NtWIN4 antibodies identified two protein species, a 26 kDa form and a 17 kDa form, in N. sylvestris, whereas only the 17 kDa form was found in N. tabacum. The 26 kDa protein is produced when translation starts from the first AUG codon of the mRNA and is predominantly localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus, whereas the 17 kDa protein is derived from a 24 kDa precursor protein, synthesized from the second AUG codon, and localizes only to plastids. Subsequent analyses revealed that the lengths of the mRNAs vary in the two plant species. One major form lacks the first AUG, while minor populations possess variable 5′-untranslated regions prior to the first AUG codon. Translation of the two types produces the 24 kDa and 26 kDa proteins respectively. In vitro translation assays indicated that initiation frequency from the first AUG codon is higher in mRNAs from N. sylvestris than from N. tabacum. In contrast, initiation from the second AUG codon was found to be equally efficient in mRNAs from both species. These results suggest that both mRNA populations and translation efficiency changed during the amphidiploidization responsible for generation of N. tabacum. This scheme could reflect a molecular mechanism of protein evolution in plants.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Hess, Wolfgang R., Antje Müller, F. Nagy, and T. Börner. "Ribosome-deficient plastids affect transcription of light-induced nuclear genes: genetic evidence for a plastid-derived signal." Molecular and General Genetics MGG 242, no. 3 (February 1994): 305–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00280420.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Tadini, Luca, Nicolaj Jeran, and Paolo Pesaresi. "GUN1 and Plastid RNA Metabolism: Learning from Genetics." Cells 9, no. 10 (October 16, 2020): 2307. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9102307.

Full text

Abstract:

GUN1 (genomes uncoupled 1), a chloroplast-localized pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) protein with a C-terminal small mutS-related (SMR) domain, plays a central role in the retrograde communication of chloroplasts with the nucleus. This flow of information is required for the coordinated expression of plastid and nuclear genes, and it is essential for the correct development and functioning of chloroplasts. Multiple genetic and biochemical findings indicate that GUN1 is important for protein homeostasis in the chloroplast; however, a clear and unified view of GUN1′s role in the chloroplast is still missing. Recently, GUN1 has been reported to modulate the activity of the nucleus-encoded plastid RNA polymerase (NEP) and modulate editing of plastid RNAs upon activation of retrograde communication, revealing a major role of GUN1 in plastid RNA metabolism. In this opinion article, we discuss the recently identified links between plastid RNA metabolism and retrograde signaling by providing a new and extended concept of GUN1 activity, which integrates the multitude of functional genetic interactions reported over the last decade with its primary role in plastid transcription and transcript editing.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Rodermel, S. R., and L. Bogorad. "Maize plastid photogenes: mapping and photoregulation of transcript levels during light-induced development." Journal of Cell Biology 100, no. 2 (February 1, 1985): 463–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.100.2.463.

Full text

Abstract:

Positively photoregulated regions that show increased transcript levels upon illumination of dark-grown seedlings are scattered over approximately 19% of the maize plastid chromosome. Some photogenes, i.e., genes within these regions, are transcribed individually, whereas others that are transcribed as polycistronic mRNAs appear to be functionally organized into operons. Multiple light-induced transcripts are complementary to most photogenes; these mRNAs are not present in equimolar amounts during plastid photomorphogenesis, but particular transcripts predominate at specific stages of development. Most, but not all, photogene RNA pools reach a maximum size (after either 10, 20, or 44 h of illumination) and then fall to approximately preillumination levels. These data and other considerations argue that photogene expression control is fundamentally transcriptional and that there is more than one expression class. Transcripts of the maize plastid gene for the large subunit of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase reach a maximum by 20 h of illumination; transcripts of the nuclear gene for the small subunit of this enzyme continue to accumulate and fall considerably later. These data suggest that the level of transcription of the latter gene in the nucleus may be regulated by events in the chloroplast.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Shimizu, Takayuki, and Tatsuru Masuda. "The Role of Tetrapyrrole- and GUN1-Dependent Signaling on Chloroplast Biogenesis." Plants 10, no. 2 (January 21, 2021): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10020196.

Full text

Abstract:

Chloroplast biogenesis requires the coordinated expression of the chloroplast and nuclear genomes, which is achieved by communication between the developing chloroplasts and the nucleus. Signals emitted from the plastids, so-called retrograde signals, control nuclear gene expression depending on plastid development and functionality. Genetic analysis of this pathway identified a set of mutants defective in retrograde signaling and designated genomes uncoupled (gun) mutants. Subsequent research has pointed to a significant role of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis in retrograde signaling. Meanwhile, the molecular functions of GUN1, the proposed integrator of multiple retrograde signals, have not been identified yet. However, based on the interactions of GUN1, some working hypotheses have been proposed. Interestingly, GUN1 contributes to important biological processes, including plastid protein homeostasis, through transcription, translation, and protein import. Furthermore, the interactions of GUN1 with tetrapyrroles and their biosynthetic enzymes have been revealed. This review focuses on our current understanding of the function of tetrapyrrole retrograde signaling on chloroplast biogenesis.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Pérez Di Giorgio, Juliana Andrea, Étienne Lepage, Samuel Tremblay-Belzile, Sébastien Truche, Audrey Loubert-Hudon, and Normand Brisson. "Transcription is a major driving force for plastid genome instability in Arabidopsis." PLOS ONE 14, no. 4 (April 3, 2019): e0214552. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0214552.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Allison, L. A., and P. Maliga. "Light-responsive and transcription-enhancing elements regulate the plastid psbD core promoter." EMBO Journal 14, no. 15 (August 1995): 3721–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1460-2075.1995.tb00042.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Magee, Alan M., Daniel MacLean, John C. Gray, and Tony A. Kavanagh. "Disruption of essential plastid gene expression caused by T7 RNA polymerase-mediated transcription of plastid transgenes during early seedling development." Transgenic Research 16, no. 4 (November 14, 2006): 415–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11248-006-9045-z.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Nozoe, Mikio, Yuichi Tsunoyama, Yoko Ishizaki, Yoichi Nakahira, and Takashi Shiina. "Selective Activation of Chloroplast psbD Light-Responsive Promoter and psaA/B Promoter in Transplastomic Tobacco Plants Overexpressing Arabidopsis Sigma Factor AtSIG5." Protein & Peptide Letters 27, no. 2 (January 6, 2020): 168–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929866526666191014130605.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: Plastid-encoded eubacterial-type RNA polymerase (PEP) plays a critical role in the transcription of photosynthesis genes in chloroplasts. Notably, some of the reaction center genes, including psaA, psaB, psbA, and psbD genes, are differentially transcribed by PEP in mature chloroplasts. However, the molecular mechanism of promoter selection in the reaction center gene transcription by PEP is not well understood. Objective: Sigma factor proteins direct promoter selection by a core PEP in chloroplasts as well as bacteria. AtSIG5 is a unique chloroplast sigma factor essential for psbD light-responsive promoter (psbD LRP) activity. To analyze the role of AtSIG5 in chloroplast transcription in more detail, we assessed the effect of AtSIG5 hyper-expression on the transcription of plastid-encoded genes in chloroplast transgenic plants. Results: The chloroplast transgenic tobacco (CpOX-AtSIG5) accumulates AtSIG5 protein at extremely high levels in chloroplasts. Due to the extremely high-level expression of recombinant AtSIG5, most PEP holoenzymes are most likely to include the recombinant AtSIG5 in the CpOXAtSIG5 chloroplasts. Thus, we can assess the promoter preference of AtSIG5 in vivo. The overexpression of AtSIG5 significantly increased the expression of psbD LRP transcripts encoding PSII reaction center D2 protein and psaA/B operon transcripts encoding PSI core proteins. Furthermore, run-on transcription analyses revealed that AtSIG5 preferentially recognizes the psaA/B promoter, as well as the psbD LRP. Moreover, we found that psbD LRP is constitutively active in CpOX-AtSIG5 plants irrespective of light and dark. Conclusion: AtSIG5 probably plays a significant role in differential transcription of reaction center genes in mature chloroplasts.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Tsunoyama, Y., Y. Ishizaki, K. Morikawa, M. Kobori, Y. Nakahira, G. Takeba, Y. Toyoshima, and T. Shiina. "Blue light-induced transcription of plastid-encoded psbD gene is mediated by a nuclear-encoded transcription initiation factor, AtSig5." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 101, no. 9 (February 19, 2004): 3304–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0308362101.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Grübler, Björn, Carolina Cozzi, and Thomas Pfannschmidt. "A Core Module of Nuclear Genes Regulated by Biogenic Retrograde Signals from Plastids." Plants 10, no. 2 (February 4, 2021): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10020296.

Full text

Abstract:

Chloroplast biogenesis during seedling development of angiosperms is a rapid and highly dynamic process that parallels the light-dependent photomorphogenic programme. Pre-treatments of dark-grown seedlings with lincomyin or norflurazon prevent chloroplast biogenesis upon illumination yielding albino seedlings. A comparable phenotype was found for the Arabidopsis mutant plastid-encoded polymerase associated protein 7 (pap7) being defective in the prokaryotic-type plastid RNA polymerase. In all three cases the defect in plastid function has a severe impact on the expression of nuclear genes representing the influence of retrograde signaling pathway(s) from the plastid. We performed a meta-analysis of recently published genome-wide expression studies that investigated the impact of the aforementioned chemical and genetic blocking of chloroplast biogenesis on nuclear gene expression profiles. We identified a core module of 152 genes being affected in all three conditions. These genes were classified according to their function and analyzed with respect to their implication in retrograde signaling and chloroplast biogenesis. Our study uncovers novel genes regulated by retrograde biogenic signals and suggests the action of a common signaling pathway that is used by signals originating from plastid transcription, translation and oxidative stress.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Kabeya, Yukihiro, Yuki Kobayashi, Hiromichi Suzuki, Jun Itoh, and Mamoru Sugita. "Transcription of plastid genes is modulated by two nuclear-encoded α subunits of plastid RNA polymerase in the moss Physcomitrella patens." Plant Journal 52, no. 4 (September 26, 2007): 730–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-313x.2007.03270.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!