Relevant bibliographies by topics / Plastide

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Plastide'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Plastide"

1

Zhukova, G. Ya. "Embryogenesis of angiosperms: ultrastructural transformations of plastids." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 50, no. 1-2 (2014): 303–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.1981.049.

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Electron microscopic study of <em>Alcea rosea</em> and <em>Valeriana officinalis</em> embryogenesis showed the ultrastructural changes in the embryo plastidome. It is assumed that plastids of the mature angiosperms zygote are of one genetic type. Tissue ditferentiation and changes of plastid functions in the course of embryogenesis and plant development underlie the histological differentiation of plastids and their ontogenic transformations (metamorphosis).
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Havurinne, Vesa, Maria Handrich, Mikko Antinluoma, Sergey Khorobrykh, Sven B. Gould, and Esa Tyystjärvi. "Genetic autonomy and low singlet oxygen yield support kleptoplast functionality in photosynthetic sea slugs." Journal of Experimental Botany 72, no. 15 (May 15, 2021): 5553–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erab216.

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Abstract The kleptoplastic sea slug Elysia chlorotica consumes Vaucheria litorea, stealing its plastids, which then photosynthesize inside the animal cells for months. We investigated the properties of V. litorea plastids to understand how they withstand the rigors of photosynthesis in isolation. Transcription of specific genes in laboratory-isolated V. litorea plastids was monitored for 7 days. The involvement of plastid-encoded FtsH, a key plastid maintenance protease, in recovery from photoinhibition in V. litorea was estimated in cycloheximide-treated cells. In vitro comparison of V. litorea and spinach thylakoids was applied to investigate reactive oxygen species formation in V. litorea. In comparison to other tested genes, the transcripts of ftsH and translation elongation factor EF-Tu (tufA) decreased slowly in isolated V. litorea plastids. Higher levels of FtsH were also evident in cycloheximide-treated cells during recovery from photoinhibition. Charge recombination in PSII of V. litorea was found to be fine-tuned to produce only small quantities of singlet oxygen, and the plastids also contained reactive oxygen species-protective compounds. Our results support the view that the genetic characteristics of the plastids are crucial in creating a photosynthetic sea slug. The plastid’s autonomous repair machinery is likely enhanced by low singlet oxygen production and elevated expression of FtsH.
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Larkin, Robert M. "Influence of plastids on light signalling and development." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 369, no. 1640 (April 19, 2014): 20130232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0232.

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In addition to their contribution to metabolism, chloroplasts emit signals that influence the expression of nuclear genes that contribute to numerous plastidic and extraplastidic processes. Plastid-to-nucleus signalling optimizes chloroplast function, regulates growth and development, and affects responses to environmental cues. An incomplete list of plastid signals is available and particular plastid-to-nucleus signalling mechanisms are partially understood. The plastid-to-nucleus signalling that depends on the GENOMES UNCOUPLED ( GUN ) genes couples the expression of nuclear genes to the functional state of the chloroplast. Analyses of gun mutants provided insight into the mechanisms and biological functions of plastid-to-nucleus signalling. GUN genes contribute to chloroplast biogenesis, the circadian rhythm, stress tolerance, light signalling and development. Some have criticized the gun mutant screen for employing inhibitors of chloroplast biogenesis and suggested that gun alleles do not disrupt significant plastid-to-nucleus signalling mechanisms. Here, I briefly review GUN -dependent plastid-to-nucleus signalling, explain the flaws in the major criticisms of the gun mutant screen and review the influence of plastids on light signalling and development.
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Kim, Eunsoo, and Shinichiro Maruyama. "A contemplation on the secondary origin of green algal and plant plastids." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 83, no. 4 (2014): 331–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.2014.040.

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A single origin of plastids and the monophyly of three “primary” plastid-containing groups – the Chloroplastida (or Viridiplantae; green algae+land plants), Rhodophyta, and Glaucophyta – are widely accepted, mainstream hypotheses that form the basis for many comparative evolutionary studies. This “Archaeplastida” hypothesis, however, thus far has not been unambiguously confirmed by phylogenetic studies based on nucleocytoplasmic markers. In view of this as well as other lines of evidence, we suggest the testing of an alternate hypothesis that plastids of the Chloroplastida are of secondary origin. The new hypothesis is in agreement with, or perhaps better explains, existing data, including both the plastidal and nucleocytoplasmic characteristics of the Chloroplastida in comparison to those of other groups.
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Reddy, M. K., and N. C. Subrahmanyam. "Nuclear gene induced plastid alterations in Pennisetum americanum." Genome 30, no. 2 (April 1, 1988): 147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g88-025.

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A nonlethal stripe mutant (700430) of Pennisetum americanum was crossed reciprocally with other normal inbred lines to establish its inheritance pattern. A recessive nuclear gene, when homozygous, led to defective plastid development with variable penetrance and expressivity. Intraplant and interspikelet crosses revealed maternal plastid transmission. When stripe plants were crossed with pollen from normal inbreds, green and yellow progeny were obtained; selfing stripe plants or crossing with its green sib produced yellow, stripe, and green progeny. These results suggest that in egg cells with exclusively defective plastids, the plastids do not revert back inspite of acquiring a dominant allele from the pollen parent, while in egg cells with a mixture of green and yellow plastids, the yellow plastids could develop into functional plastids under the influence of a dominant allele.Key words: altered plastids, variable penetrance, plastid transmission, plastid reversion.
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Dorrell, Richard G., and Christopher J. Howe. "Integration of plastids with their hosts: Lessons learned from dinoflagellates." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 33 (May 20, 2015): 10247–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1421380112.

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After their endosymbiotic acquisition, plastids become intimately connected with the biology of their host. For example, genes essential for plastid function may be relocated from the genomes of plastids to the host nucleus, and pathways may evolve within the host to support the plastid. In this review, we consider the different degrees of integration observed in dinoflagellates and their associated plastids, which have been acquired through multiple different endosymbiotic events. Most dinoflagellate species possess plastids that contain the pigment peridinin and show extreme reduction and integration with the host biology. In some species, these plastids have been replaced through serial endosymbiosis with plastids derived from a different phylogenetic derivation, of which some have become intimately connected with the biology of the host whereas others have not. We discuss in particular the evolution of the fucoxanthin-containing dinoflagellates, which have adapted pathways retained from the ancestral peridinin plastid symbiosis for transcript processing in their current, serially acquired plastids. Finally, we consider why such a diversity of different degrees of integration between host and plastid is observed in different dinoflagellates and how dinoflagellates may thus inform our broader understanding of plastid evolution and function.
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Kohler, R. H., and M. R. Hanson. "Plastid tubules of higher plants are tissue-specific and developmentally regulated." Journal of Cell Science 113, no. 1 (January 1, 2000): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.113.1.81.

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Green fluorescent stroma filled tubules (stromules) emanating from the plastid surface were observed in transgenic plants containing plastid-localized green fluorescent protein (GFP). These transgenic tobacco plants were further investigated by epifluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CSLM) to identify developmental and/or cell type specific differences in the abundance and appearance of stromules and of plastids. Stromules are rarely seen on chlorophyll-containing plastids in cell types such as trichomes, guard cells or mesophyll cells of leaves. In contrast, they are abundant in tissues that contain chlorophyll-free plastids, such as petal and root. The morphology of plastids in roots and petals is highly dynamic, and plastids are often elongated and irregular. The shapes, size, and position of plastids vary in particular developmental zones of the root. Furthermore, suspension cells of tobacco exhibit stromules on virtually every plastid with two major forms of appearance. The majority of cells show a novel striking ‘octopus- or millipede-like’ structure with plastid bodies clustered around the nucleus and with long thin stromules of up to at least 40 (micro)m length stretching into distant areas of the cell. The remaining cells have plastid bodies distributed throughout the cell with short stromules. Photobleaching experiments indicated that GFP can flow through stromules and that the technique can be used to distinguish interconnected plastids from independent plastids.
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de Koning, Audrey P., and Patrick J. Keeling. "Nucleus-Encoded Genes for Plastid-Targeted Proteins in Helicosporidium: Functional Diversity of a Cryptic Plastid in a Parasitic Alga." Eukaryotic Cell 3, no. 5 (October 2004): 1198–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.3.5.1198-1205.2004.

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ABSTRACT Plastids are the organelles of plants and algae that house photosynthesis and many other biochemical pathways. Plastids contain a small genome, but most of their proteins are encoded in the nucleus and posttranslationally targeted to the organelle. When plants and algae lose photosynthesis, they virtually always retain a highly reduced “cryptic” plastid. Cryptic plastids are known to exist in many organisms, although their metabolic functions are seldom understood. The best-studied example of a cryptic plastid is from the intracellular malaria parasite, Plasmodium, which has retained a plastid for the biosynthesis of fatty acids, isoprenoids, and heme by the use of plastid-targeted enzymes. To study a completely independent transformation of a photosynthetic plastid to a cryptic plastid in another alga-turned-parasite, we conducted an expressed sequence tag (EST) survey of Helicosporidium. This parasite has recently been recognized as a highly derived green alga. Based on phylogenetic relationships to other plastid homologues and the presence of N-terminal transit peptides, we have identified 20 putatively plastid-targeted enzymes that are involved in a wide variety of metabolic pathways. Overall, the metabolic diversity of the Helicosporidium cryptic plastid exceeds that of the Plasmodium plastid, as it includes representatives of most of the pathways known to operate in the Plasmodium plastid as well as many others. In particular, several amino acid biosynthetic pathways have been retained, including the leucine biosynthesis pathway, which was only recently recognized in plant plastids. These two parasites represent different evolutionary trajectories in plastid metabolic adaptation.
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Hirakawa, Yoshihisa, Fabien Burki, and Patrick J. Keeling. "Genome-Based Reconstruction of the Protein Import Machinery in the Secondary Plastid of a Chlorarachniophyte Alga." Eukaryotic Cell 11, no. 3 (January 20, 2012): 324–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.05264-11.

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ABSTRACT Most plastid proteins are encoded by their nuclear genomes and need to be targeted across multiple envelope membranes. In vascular plants, the translocons at the outer and inner envelope membranes of chloroplasts (TOC and TIC, respectively) facilitate transport across the two plastid membranes. In contrast, several algal groups harbor more complex plastids, the so-called secondary plastids, which are surrounded by three or four membranes, but the plastid protein import machinery (in particular, how proteins cross the membrane corresponding to the secondary endosymbiont plasma membrane) remains unexplored in many of these algae. To reconstruct the putative protein import machinery of a secondary plastid, we used the chlorarachniophyte alga Bigelowiella natans , whose plastid is bounded by four membranes and still possesses a relict nucleus of a green algal endosymbiont (the nucleomorph) in the intermembrane space. We identified nine homologs of plant-like TOC/TIC components in the recently sequenced B. natans nuclear genome, adding to the two that remain in the nucleomorph genome ( B. natans TOC75 [BnTOC75] and BnTIC20). All of these proteins were predicted to be localized to the plastid and might function in the inner two membranes. We also show that the homologs of a protein, Der1, that is known to mediate transport across the second membrane in the several lineages with secondary plastids of red algal origin is not associated with plastid protein targeting in B. natans . How plastid proteins cross this membrane remains a mystery, but it is clear that the protein transport machinery of chlorarachniophyte plastids differs from that of red algal secondary plastids.
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Gölz, Peter, and Jürgen Feierabend. "Isoprenoid Biosynthesis and Stability in Developing Green and Achlorophyllous Leaves of Rye (Secale cereale L.)." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 48, no. 11-12 (December 1, 1993): 886–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1993-11-1212.

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Formation of major prenylquinones and carotenoids was investigated by comparing the incorporation of [14C]mevalonate into segments of different age from green and etiolated leaves of 22 C-grown rye seedlings (Secale cereale L.) and from 32 C-grown rye leaves which contained bleached and proplastid-like ribosome-deficient plastids, due to a heat-sensitivity of 70S ribosome formation. The contents of plastidic isoprenoids were much lower (between 2 - 30%) in the achlorophyllous than in green leaves. In green leaves [14C]mevalonate incorporation into non-polar lipids and into plastoquinone was partially inhibited in the presence of gabaculin, an inhibitor of chlorophyll synthesis. However, except for β-carotene, [14C]mevalonate incorporation into isoprenoids continuously increased with age also in achlorophyllous etiolated or 32 °C-grown, as in green, leaves and was, except for P-carotene and plastoquinone, higher in etiolated than in green leaves. In bleached °32 C-grown leaves [14C]mevalonate incorporation into all plastidic isoprenoids was strikingly (up to 45-fold) higher than in green control leaves. While degradation of P-carotene was greatly enhanced in bleached 32 °C-grown leaves, relative to green control leaves, and could thus compensate for a higher apparent synthesis, chase experiments did not reveal any marked differences of the turnover of other isoprenoids. The half times of plastoquinone. phylloquinone and lutein were in the order of 2-3 days. Within a 24 h chase period a-tocopherol degradation did not become apparent. Uptake of [14C]mevalonate and [14C]isopentenyl pyrophosphate by isolated bleached plastids from 32 °C-grown leaves was much more rapid than by chloroplasts and resulted in higher precursor accumulation within the organelle. While mevalonate incorporation into isoprenoid lipids was not detected, isopentenyl pyrophosphate was incorporated into isoprenoid lipids, including plastoquinone. Rates of incorporation by isolated chloroplasts or bleached plastids were of similar order. The results illustrate that divergent types of plastid differentiation are associated with fundamental developmental changes of the metabolic flow of isoprenoid precursors between different products and compartments and, in particular, with changes of import into the plastid compartment.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Plastide"

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Molik, Sabine. "Das plastidäre Rieske Fe/S-Protein Analyse des Transport- und Assemblierungsprozesses /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=975694057.

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Cornelsen, Sabine. "Bioinformatische Untersuchungen zur Evolution der Prokaryoten und Plastiden." [S.l. : s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=964592053.

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Drescher, Anja. "ycf1, ycf14 und RNA-Edierung." Diss., lmu, 2003. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-13699.

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Materna, Arne Christian. "Development of molecular tools in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum." [S.l. : s.n.], 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:352-opus-52997.

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Grosche, Christopher [Verfasser], and Uwe [Akademischer Betreuer] Maier. "Spezielle Leistungen der Plastide: RNA-Edierung in Landpflanzen, Genomreduktion und Proteinimport in Peridinin-haltigen Dinoflagellaten / Christopher Grosche. Betreuer: Uwe Maier." Marburg : Philipps-Universität Marburg, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1028072678/34.

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Pacheco, Túlio Gomes. "The complete plastid genome sequence of Passiflora cincinnata: genome rearrangements, massive plastid gene losses and implications to genome-plastome incompatibility." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2016. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/11539.

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A organização, ordem e conteúdo gênico de genomas plastidiais (plastomas) são bastante conservados em angiospermas, porém há exceções a esta regra. Este parece ser o caso do gênero Passiflora, pois há evidências de perdas não usuais de genes plastidiais para espécies deste gênero. Porém, nenhum plastoma de Passiflora foi publicado até o momento, o que dificulta estudos a respeito da evolução do plastoma deste grupo. Da mesma forma, o estudo das causas da incompatibilidade entre o genoma nuclear e plastoma, apresentada por alguns híbridos interespecíficos de Passiflora, tem se mantido obscuro devido à falta de sequências plastidiais disponíveis no banco de dados. Assim, visando começar a preencher estas lacunas e ainda permitir a caracterização de marcadores genéticos plastidiais e a construção de vetores para transformação plastidial em Passiflora, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo o sequenciamento, montagem, análise e caracterização do plastoma de Passiflora cincinnata. Os dados indicam uma massiva perda de genes plastidiais essenciais para a viabilidade celular (infA, rps7, rps16, rpl20, rpl22, ycf1 e ycf2), os quais, muito provavelmente, foram transferidos para o núcleo e seus produtos são importados pelos plastídios. Este genoma mostrou alta taxa de substituição de nucleotídeos para os genes accD e clpP. Apesar da alta divergência, a sequência traduzida destes genes mantém a maioria dos domínios funcionais previstos para as proteínas que codificam e com isso a funcionalidade dos mesmos não pode ser descartada. Além disso, múltiplas inversões também foram detectadas no plastoma de P. cincinnata, mudando a ordem de vários genes. Em conjunto, os dados sugerem uma incomum evolução do plastoma de P. cincinnata, caracterizada por perdas gênicas, inversões no genoma e presença de genes com aceleradas taxas de substituição de nucleotídeos. Assim, é possível sugerir que esta instabilidade do genoma e perda de genes essenciais possa estar relacionada com a incompatibilidade entre núcleo e plastoma observada em híbridos de Passiflora. Por fim, a sequência completa do plastoma de P. cincinnata, obtida neste trabalho torna viável a transformação plastidial nesta espécie, visando aplicações biotecnológicas, além de estudos evolutivos e de genética funcional.
The plastid genome (plastome) organization, gene content and order is well conserved in most angiosperms, but there are some exceptions. The Passiflora genus is one of those exceptions, because there are evidences of some unusual plastid gene losses to species of this genus. However, none plastome of Passiflora has been published to date, making studies related to the evolution and putative high instability of plastome in this group difficult. In parallel, the study of the causes of nucleus-plastome incompatibility, observed in interspecific hybrids of Passiflora, has remained obscure due to the lack of plastid sequences in the database. In the context, starting to fill these gaps and to enable the characterization of plastid genetic markers and the construction of vectors for plastid transformation in Passiflora, the aim of the present study was the sequencing, assembly, analysis and characterization of complete P. cincinnata plastome. The data indicate a massive loss of plastid genes that are essential for cell viability (infA, rps7, rps16, rpl20, rpl22, ycf1 and ycf2), which very likely were functionally transferred to the nucleus and its products are imported into plastid. This genome also showed a high rate of nucleotide substitution in several genes, such as accD and clpP. Despite this high divergence, the translated amino acid sequences of these genes retain most of functional domains predicted indicating that they can still encode functional proteins. In addition, multiple inversions were detected in the P. cincinnata plastome, changing the order of several genes. Taken together, the data suggest a markedly uncommon evolution of P. cincinnata plastome, characterized for gene losses, multiple inversions and genes with accelerated nucleotide substitution rates. Thus, it is possible to suggest that the genomic instability and essential genes losses, observed here, may be related to the genome- plastome incompatibility observed in Passiflora hybrids. This relation can be established and investigated of an accurate manner with the sequencing of other Passiflora plastomes. Finally, the complete plastome sequence of P. cincinnata obtained in this work enables the plastid transformation to this species, aiming biotechnology applications and studies of evolution and functional genetics.
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LINDSTRAND, NILS, and KARL THUNELL. "From Plastic to Paper Mapping the real cost of plastics." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-224931.

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Al-Ati, Tareq. "Oxygen permeation of virgin HDPE films versus recycled HDPE films /." Online version of thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11875.

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Doshi, Shailesh R. "A novel coextrusion process for the manufacture of short fiber-reinforced thermoplastic pipe /." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=72817.

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Pitteri, Silvio. "Processing and evaluation of filled thermoplastics." Thesis, Brunel University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.253309.

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Books on the topic "Plastide"

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Moser, Richard. Plastic Tests Plastics. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-10530-3.

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Gracco, Luca Scacchi. Pensieri di plastica =: Plastic thoughts. Milan: Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, 1986.

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Gracco, Luca Scacchi. Pensieri di plastica =: Plastic thoughts. Milano: A. Mondadori, 1986.

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M, Narkis, and Rosenzweig N, eds. Polymer powder technology. Chichester: J. Wiley, 1995.

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Sehanobish, Kalyan. Engineering Plastics and Plastic Composites in Automotive Applications. Warrendale, PA: SAE International, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/0768056462.

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Sehanobish, Kalyan. Engineering Plastics and Plastic Composites in Automotive Applications. Warrendale, PA: SAE International, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/t-122.

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Engineers, Society of Automotive, ed. Engineering plastics and plastic composites in automotive applications. Warrendale, Pa: SAE International, 2009.

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1956-, Lee S. T., ed. Foam extrusion: Principles and practice. Lancaster: Technomic Pub. Co., 2000.

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Canada. Industry, Science and Technology Canada. Plastics products =: Profil de l'industrie: produits en matière plastique. Ottawa, Ont: Industry, Science and Technology Canada, 1988.

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Chang, Peter. Peter Chang: Jewellery, objects, sculptures = Schmuck, Objekte, Skulpturen. Edited by Holzach Cornelie, Drutt Helen W, Henry Clare, Biró Olga Zobel, and Allgaier Dirk. Stuttgart: Arnoldsche, 2002.

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Book chapters on the topic "Plastide"

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Kruse, Katrin, Katrin Knickmeier, Dennis Brennecke, Bianca Unger, and Ursula Siebert. "Plastic Debris and Its Impacts on Marine Mammals." In Marine Mammals, 49–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06836-2_4.

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AbstractIn recent decades, global plastic consumption has rapidly increased. Large quantities of plastics enter the environment in various ways, often ending up in the oceans. Plastic debris is nowadays found in any aquatic ecosystems. Due to its long durability, plastics may drift around with ocean currents for decades. Nowadays, plastic debris can be found in any aquatic ecosystem. Eventually, plastics decay into smaller fragments and sink to the seafloor. Marine mammals are affected by plastics in three major ways: They confuse large pieces of plastics with food, they become entangled in fishing nets, and they ingest smaller plastic fragments together with prey items. Here we discuss causes and solutions to these problems. We use exercises to investigate plastic debris in the environment and discuss how we all can become part of the solution through our own actions.
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Moser, Richard. "Introduction." In Plastic Tests Plastics, 1–4. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-10530-3_1.

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Moser, Richard. "Fundamentals of Elasticity." In Plastic Tests Plastics, 5–37. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-10530-3_2.

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Moser, Richard. "Design of the Measurement Device." In Plastic Tests Plastics, 39–70. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-10530-3_3.

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Moser, Richard. "Pertinent Example Measurements." In Plastic Tests Plastics, 71–94. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-10530-3_4.

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Moser, Richard. "Conclusion & Outlook." In Plastic Tests Plastics, 95–97. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-10530-3_5.

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Landau, Alejandra, Franco Lencina, María Elizabeth Petterson, María Gabriela Pacheco, Susana Costoya, Vanina Brizuela, and Alberto Prina. "The barley chloroplast mutator (cpm) mutant, an extraordinary source of plastome variability." In Mutation breeding, genetic diversity and crop adaptation to climate change, 271–79. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249095.0027.

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Abstract The plastome is usually considered a highly conserved genome. Compared with the nuclear genome, it is small and has different genetic rules. Through different molecular methods (TILLING, candidate gene sequencing, amplicon massive sequencing and plastome re-sequencing) applied to barley chloroplast mutator (cpm) seedlings, we detected more than 60 polymorphisms affecting a wide variety of plastid genes and several intergenic regions. The genes affected belonged mostly to the plastid genetic machinery and the photosynthetic apparatus, but there were also genes like matK, whose functions are so far not clearly established. Among the isolated mutants, we found the first infA gene mutant in higher plants, two mutants in ycf3 locus and the first psbA gene mutant in barley. The latter is used in breeding barley cultivars where PSII is tolerant to toxic herbicides. Most of the molecular changes were substitutions, and small indels located in microsatellites. However, particular combinations of polymorphisms observed in the rpl23 gene and pseudogene suggest that, besides an increased rate of mutations, an augmented rate of illegitimate recombination also occurred. Although a few substitutions were observed in the mitochondria of cpm plants, we have not yet determined the implications of the cpm for mitochondrial stability. The spectrum of plastome polymorphisms highly suggests that the cpm gene is involved in plastid DNA repair, more precisely taking part in the mismatch repair system. All results show that the cpm mutant is an extraordinary source of plastome variability for plant research and/or plant breeding. This mutant also provides an interesting experimental system in which to investigate the mechanisms responsible for maintaining plastid stability.
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Nørregård-Rasmussen, Asger, Malte Hertz-Jansen, and Felicitas Schmittinger. "Maker—Plastic In, Plastic Out: Circular Economy and Local Production." In Springer Series in Design and Innovation, 57–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78733-2_6.

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AbstractRecognising the lack of local and economically accessible facilities, technologies, and public engagement in local recycling, the chapter tackles the challenge of introducing Circular Economy to cope with plastic waste in Copenhagen. The need for circular systemic innovation and holistic production models for recycling plastics led to consider how local micro entrepreneurs, SMEs, commercial resellers and citizens can collaborate for a common, sustainable goal. The chapter presents ‘Plastic In, Plastic Out’ (PIPO), a Circular system for local sourcing, recycling and production of sustainable plastic building materials and products.
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Mita, T., and T. Kuroiwa. "Division of Plastids by a Plastid-Dividing Ring in Cyanidium caldarium." In Protoplasma, 133–52. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-9008-1_16.

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Michaeli, Walter, and Paul Walach. "Optical Plastics Components: Replication Processes and Plastic Materials." In Lecture Notes in Production Engineering, 25–40. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33001-8_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Plastide"

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Guenther, Karl H. "Coating Of Plastics - Coatings On Plastic." In 1988 Los Angeles Symposium--O-E/LASE '88, edited by Max J. Riedl. SPIE, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.944471.

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Shiri, Noel Deepak, Myriam Shankar Krafft, and Wolfram Thurm. "Plastic lumber product development using commingled waste plastics." In EMERGING TRENDS IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 2018. Author(s), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5092935.

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Du, Kun, Yu Li, and Minglei Lian. "Plastics Pyrolysis and Two-stage Coliquefaction of Coal-plastic Mixtures." In 2015 International Conference on Advanced Engineering Materials and Technology. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icaemt-15.2015.71.

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Beiter, Kurt, Steven Krizan, Kosuke Ishii, and Lee Hornberger. "Hyperq/Plastics: An Expert System for Plastic Material and Process Selection." In ASME 1991 International Computers in Engineering Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/cie1991-0010.

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Abstract The selection of material and processing techniques for plastic parts is a challenging task for design engineers. This paper describes the development of an intelligent program that helps engineers perform this task. An extensive survey of practicing engineers, product designers and material specialist revealed that these experts used both qualitative and quantitative selection methodologies. The program described, HyperQ/Plastics, is a HyperCard program that uses Prolog to combine these two types of selection methodologies. The current version of this program is undergoing tests at several industrial sites.
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ROBBINS, DON, ANDREW MORRISON, and RICK DALGARNO. "Characterizing the Multiscale Elastic/Plastic/Rupture Response of Short Fiber Filled Plastics." In American Society for Composites 2017. Lancaster, PA: DEStech Publications, Inc., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/asc2017/15328.

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Hong, Lin, Ying Jiang, Wei Lu, and Shaohan Lin. "A service system design in plastic industry Guangdong Plastics Exchange's e-commerce service." In 2013 10th International Conference on Service Systems and Service Management (ICSSSM). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsssm.2013.6602496.

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Sumi, Kazumasa, Takayuki Kato, and Naoki Katayama. "Development of Plastic Distinction Device Base on Dielectric Constant and Light Reflection of Plastics." In International Congress & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/980719.

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Myllenbeck, Nicholas. "Optical measurement of fogged scintillator plastics and development of non-fogging plastic scintillator formulations." In Hard X-Ray, Gamma-Ray, and Neutron Detector Physics XXII, edited by Michael Fiederle, Arnold Burger, and Stephen A. Payne. SPIE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2570943.

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Kravanja, Gregor. "Use of Recycled Plastic Waste in Concrete." In International Conference on Technologies & Business Models for Circular Economy. University of Maribor Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/um.fkkt.2.2022.4.

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Substantial growth in plastics consumption over the last decades has contributed to an increasing amount of plastic waste being deposited in landfills and in natural environments such as the oceans. The production of new materials from recycled plastics appears to be one of the best solutions for the management of plastic waste. The aim of this paper is to investigate the adequacy of using various recycled plastic waste in concrete. The effects of waste plastic aggregates or fibers on the physical, mechanical, thermal and durability properties of concrete have been investigated. In addition, several recommendations for future studies are provided.
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Lin, Pei-Ju, and Jun-Yu Yang. "Customer Preference of Recycled Plastic Products." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001770.

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The circular economy of recycled plastics is gradually emerging. Its objective is to reduce the production of new plastics, design products with recycled plastics according to the thermoplastic characteristics of plastics, classify, wash, dry, finely shred, and then melt and remanufacture waste plastics to reshape the appearance and function of products. In this study, consumers’ acceptance, cognition, and preference for recycled plastic products were explored based on the image these products carry. A total of 11 commercially available recycled plastic products were collected, which were respectively made of propylene (PP), high/low-density polyethylene (HDPE/LDPE), and poly (ethylene glycol-co-1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol terephthalate) (PETG), and shaped by the injection moulding machine, compressor, tablet press, and 3D printing. These adjectives were used for the survey of 100 subjects for their evaluation of recycled plastic products. The consumers’ preference for the material of the recycled plastic products is in the order of HDPE/LDPE > PETG > PP. In addition, the evaluation of those using moulds in the manufacturing process is high, which can achieve a better product image and win consumer preferences. In the sample products of this study, a recycled watch strap is made of LDPE material using the injection moulding machine.
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Reports on the topic "Plastide"

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Beck, Aaron. NAPTRAM - Plastiktransportmechanismen, Senken und Interaktionen mit Biota im Nordatlantik / NAPTRAM - North Atlantic plastic transport mechanisms, sinks, and interactions with biota, Cruise No. SO279, Emden (Germany) – Emden (Germany), 04.12.2020 – 05.01.2021. Gutachterpanel Forschungsschiffe Bonn, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/cr_so279.

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The coastal and open oceans represent a major, but yet unconstrained, sink for plastics. It is likely that plastic-biota interactions are a key driver for the fragmentation, aggregation, and vertical transport of plastic litter from surface waters to sedimentary sinks. Cruise SO279 conducted sampling to address core questions of microplastic distribution in the open ocean water column, biota, and sediments. Seven stations were sampled between the outer Bay of Biscay and the primary working area south of the Azores. Additional samples were collected from surface waters along the cruise track to link European coastal and shelf waters with the open ocean gyre. Microplastic samples coupled with geochemical tracer analyses will build a mechanistic understanding of MP transport and its biological impact reaching from coastal seas to the central gyre water column and sinks at the seabed. Furthermore, floating plastics were sampled for microbial community and genetic analyses to investigate potential enzymatic degradation pathways. Cruise SO279 served as the third cruise of a number of connected research cruises to build an understanding of the transport pathways of plastic and microplastic debris in the North Atlantic from the input through rivers and air across coastal seas into the accumulation spots in the North Atlantic gyre and the vertical export to its sink at the seabed. The cruise was an international effort as part of the JPI Oceans project HOTMIC (“HOrizontal and vertical oceanic distribution, Transport, and impact of MICroplastics”) and the BMBF funded project PLASTISEA (‘Harvesting the marine Plastisphere for novel cleaning concepts’), and formed a joint effort of HOTMIC and PLASTISEA researchers from a range of countries and institutes.
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Saadeh, Shadi, and Pritam Katawał. Performance Testing of Hot Mix Asphalt Modified with Recycled Waste Plastic. Mineta Transportation Institute, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.2045.

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Plastic pollution has become one of the major concerns in the world. Plastic waste is not biodegradable, which makes it difficult to manage waste plastic pollution. Recycling and reusing waste plastic is an effective way to manage plastic pollution. Because of the huge quantity of waste plastic released into the world, industries requiring a large amount of material, like the pavement industry, can reuse some of this mammoth volume of waste plastics. Similarly, the use of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) has also become common practice to ensure sustainability. The use of recycled waste plastics and RAP in HMA mix can save material costs and conserve many pavement industries’ resources. To successfully modify HMA with RAP and waste plastic, the modified HMA should exhibit similar or better performance compared to conventional HMA. In this study, recycled waste plastic, linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE), and RAP were added to conventional HMA, separately and together. The mechanical properties of conventional and modified HMA were examined and compared. The fatigue cracking resistance was measured with the IDEAL Cracking (IDEAL CT) test, and the Hamburg Wheel Tracking (HWT) test was conducted to investigate the rutting resistance of compacted HMA samples. The IDEAL CT test results showed that the cracking resistance was similar across plastic modified HMA and conventional HMA containing virgin aggregates. However, when 20% RAP aggregates were used in the HMA mix, the fatigue cracking resistance was found to be significantly lower in plastic modified HMA compared to conventional HMA. The rutting resistance from the HWT test at 20,000 passes was found to be similar in all conventional and modified HMA.
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Palacz, Artur, Maciej Telszewski, Toste Tanhua, and Emma Heslop. Marine Plastics EOV and common sampling protocol. EuroSea, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d1.5.

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This deliverable describes the process of establishing global coordination for sustained observations of marine plastics litter as a new type of Essential Ocean Variable (EOV) addressing the aspect of observing human impacts on the ocean. The document reports on the EuroSea efforts to implement a community vision for an Integrated Marine Debris Observing System (IMDOS) as a new element of the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS). First version of the Marine Plastics Litter EOV Specification Sheet is included. Progress towards establishing common sampling protocols for marine plastic litter in Europe and beyond are described.
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Lenz, Mark. RV POSEIDON Fahrtbericht / Cruise Report POS536/Leg 1. GEOMAR, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/geomar_rep_ns_56_2020.

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DIPLANOAGAP: Distribution of Plastics in the North Atlantic Garbage Patch Ponta Delgada (Portugal) – Malaga (Spain) 17.08. – 12.09.2019 The expedition POS 536 is part of a multi-disciplinary research initiative of GEOMAR investigating the origin, transport and fate of plastic debris from estuaries to the oceanic garbage patches. The main focus will be on the vertical transfer of plastic debris from the surface and near-surface waters to the deep sea and on the processes that mediate this transport. The obtained data will help to develop quantitative models that provide information about the level of plastic pollution in the different compartments of the open ocean (surface, water column, seafloor). Furthermore, the effects of plastic debris on marine organisms in the open ocean will be assessed. The cruise will provide data about the: (1) abundance of plastic debris with a minimum size of 100 μm as well as the composition of polymer types in the water column at different depths from the sea surface to the seafloor including the sediment, (2) abundance and composition of plastic debris in organic aggregates (“marine snow”), (3) in pelagic and benthic organisms (invertebrates and fish) and in fecal pellets, (4) abundance and the identity of biofoulers (bacteria, protozoans and metazoans) on the surface of plastic debris from different water depths, (5) identification of chemical compounds (“additives”) in the plastic debris and in water samples.
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Walker, David, Craig Baker-Austin, Andy Smith, Karen Thorpe, Adil Bakir, Tamara Galloway, Sharron Ganther, et al. A critical review of microbiological colonisation of nano- and microplastics (NMP) and their significance to the food chain. Food Standards Agency, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.xdx112.

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Microplastics are extremely small mixed shaped plastic debris in the environment. These plastics are manufactured (primary microplastics) or formed from the breakdown of larger plastics once they enter the terrestrial, freshwater and marine environments (secondary microplastics). Over time, a combination of physical, photochemical and biological processes can reduce the structural integrity of plastic debris to produce microplastics and even further to produce nanoplastics. NMPs have been detected in both the aquatic and terrestrial environments and can be easily spread by water, soil and air and can be ingested by a wide range of organisms. For example, NMPs have been found in the guts of fish and bivalve shellfish. Microplastics have also been detected in food and in human faeces. Therefore, NMPs are not only found in the environment, but they may contaminate the food supply chain and be ingested by consumers. There is evidence suggesting that microorganisms are able to colonise the surfaces of microplastics and aggregates of nanoplastics. However, the risk to consumers posed by NMPs colonised with microorganisms (including those that are AMR) which enter the food supply chain is currently unknown.
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Carrez, Dirk, Jim Philp, Harald Käb, Lara Dammer, and Michael Carus. Policies impacting bio-based plastics market development and plastic bags legislation in Europe. Nova-Institut GmbH, March 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.52548/cxpy8778.

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Choudhary, Ruplal, Victor Rodov, Punit Kohli, Elena Poverenov, John Haddock, and Moshe Shemesh. Antimicrobial functionalized nanoparticles for enhancing food safety and quality. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7598156.bard.

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Original objectives The general goal of the project was to utilize the bactericidal potential of curcumin- functionalizednanostructures (CFN) for reinforcement of food safety by developing active antimicrobial food-contact surfaces. In order to reach the goal, the following secondary tasks were pursued: (a) further enhancement of the CFN activity based on understanding their mode of action; (b) preparing efficient antimicrobial surfaces, investigating and optimizing their performance; (c) testing the efficacy of the antimicrobial surfaces in real food trials. Background to the topic The project dealt with reducing microbial food spoilage and safety hazards. Cross-contamination through food-contact surfaces is one of the major safety concerns, aggravated by bacterial biofilm formation. The project implemented nanotech methods to develop novel antimicrobial food-contact materials based on natural compounds. Food-grade phenylpropanoidcurcumin was chosen as the most promising active principle for this research. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements In agreement with the original plan, the following research tasks were performed. Optimization of particles structure and composition. Three types of curcumin-functionalizednanostructures were developed and tested: liposome-type polydiacetylenenanovesicles, surface- stabilized nanoparticles and methyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes (MBCD). The three types had similar minimal inhibitory concentration but different mode of action. Nanovesicles and inclusion complexes were bactericidal while the nanoparticlesbacteriostatic. The difference might be due to different paths of curcumin penetration into bacterial cell. Enhancing the antimicrobial efficacy of CFN by photosensitization. Light exposure strengthened the bactericidal efficacy of curcumin-MBCD inclusion complexes approximately three-fold and enhanced the bacterial death on curcumin-coated plastic surfaces. Investigating the mode of action of CFN. Toxicoproteomic study revealed oxidative stress in curcumin-treated cells of E. coli. In the dark, this effect was alleviated by cellular adaptive responses. Under light, the enhanced ROS burst overrode the cellular adaptive mechanisms, disrupted the iron metabolism and synthesis of Fe-S clusters, eventually leading to cell death. Developing industrially-feasible methods of binding CFN to food-contact surfaces. CFN binding methods were developed for various substrates: covalent binding (binding nanovesicles to glass, plastic and metal), sonochemical impregnation (binding nanoparticles to plastics) and electrostatic layer-by-layer coating (binding inclusion complexes to glass and plastics). Investigating the performance of CFN-coated surfaces. Flexible and rigid plastic materials and glass coated with CFN demonstrated bactericidal activity towards Gram-negative (E. coli) and Gram-positive (Bac. cereus) bacteria. In addition, CFN-impregnated plastic material inhibited bacterial attachment and biofilm development. Testing the efficacy of CFN in food preservation trials. Efficient cold pasteurization of tender coconut water inoculated with E. coli and Listeriamonocytogeneswas performed by circulation through a column filled with CFN-coated glass beads. Combination of curcumin coating with blue light prevented bacterial cross contamination of fresh-cut melons through plastic surfaces contaminated with E. coli or Bac. licheniformis. Furthermore, coating of strawberries with CFN reduced fruit spoilage during simulated transportation extending the shelf life by 2-3 days. Implications, both scientific and agricultural BARD Report - Project4680 Page 2 of 17 Antimicrobial food-contact nanomaterials based on natural active principles will preserve food quality and ensure safety. Understanding mode of antimicrobial action of curcumin will allow enhancing its dark efficacy, e.g. by targeting the microbial cellular adaptation mechanisms.
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Pitt, Jordan A., Neelakanteswar Aluru, and Hahn Hahn. Supplemental materials for book chapter: Microplastics in Marine Food Webs. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1575/1912/29556.

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The identification of microplastics (MPs; 1 µm - 5 mm) and the inferred presence of nanoplastics (NPs; <1 µm) in a wide variety of marine animals, including many seafood species, has raised important questions about the presence, movement, and impacts of these particles in marine food webs. Understanding microplastic dynamics in marine food webs requires elucidation of the processes involved, including bioaccumulation, trophic transfer, and biomagnification. However, in the context of microplastics and nanoplastics these concepts are often misunderstood. In this chapter, we provide a critical review of the literature on the behavior of plastic particles in marine food webs. We find clear evidence of trophic transfer, equivocal evidence for bioaccumulation, and no evidence for biomagnification. We also identify a number of knowledge gaps that limit our ability to draw firm conclusions at this time. These supplemental documents are in support of an invited chapter to be published in this book: S.E. Shumway and J.E. Ward (Eds.) Plastics in the Sea: Occurrence and Impacts (Elsevier 2023).
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Baxter, John, Margareta Wahlstrom, Malin zu Castell Rüdenhausen, and Anna Fråne. WEEE Plastics Recycling. Nordic Council of Ministers, February 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/anp2015-713.

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Foekema, E. M., M. J. Heuvel-Greve, A. J. Murk, and A. A. Koelmans. Plastics in mosselen. Den Helder: Wageningen Marine Research, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/419680.

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