Relevant bibliographies by topics / Plate count

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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  4. Book chapters
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Academic literature on the topic 'Plate count'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 12 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Plate count"

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Bartram, Jamie, Joseph Cotruvo, Al Dufour, Stan Hazan, and Bob Tanner. "Heterotrophic Plate Count." International Journal of Food Microbiology 92, no. 3 (May 2004): 239–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2003.08.004.

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Harwani, Dharmesh. "The Great Plate Count Anomaly and the Unculturable Bacteria." International Journal of Scientific Research 2, no. 9 (June 1, 2012): 350–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/sep2013/122.

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Day, N. B., B. J. Skura, and W. D. Powrie. "Comparison of three media used for the enumeration of heat-injured Botrytis cinerea." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 34, no. 2 (February 1, 1988): 194–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m88-036.

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The efficacy of three media (antibiotic-supplemented plate count agar (3 days, 21 °C); antibiotic–pyruvate–supplemented plate count agar (3 days, 21 °C); and trypticase soy agar (16 h, followed by 2.5 days on antibiotic-supplemented plate count agar, 21 °C)) for recovery of heat-injured Botrytis cinerea spores was compared using hydrophobic grid membrane filters. The filters restrict spreading of fungal colonies and facilitate the transfer of fungal spores from pre-enrichment trypticase soy agar to antibiotic-supplemented plate count agar. Counts obtained from pre-enrichment on trypticase soy agar were significantly larger than counts obtained from the other media (α = 0.05). Addition of sodium pyruvate to antibiotic-supplemented plate count agar did not increase spore recovery (α = 0.05). The use of trypticase soy agar as a pre-enrichment medium should be considered for use when antibiotic-supplemented plate count agar is employed in the enumeration of heat-stressed fungi.
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SHAW, B. G., C. D. HARDING, W. H. HUDSON, and L. FARR. "Rapid Estimation of Microbial Numbers on Meat and Poultry by the Direct Epifluorescent Filter Technique." Journal of Food Protection 50, no. 8 (August 1, 1987): 652–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-50.8.652.

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The direct epifluorescent filter technique (DEFT) for rapid estimation of microbial numbers was evaluated by comparison with the plate count on a variety of uncooked red meat and poultry samples. Good agreement [correlation coefficient (r) = 0.95–0.96] was obtained from samples with plate counts of 5 × 103/g or /cm2 and above from red meat carcasses (surface swabbed), aerobic or vacuum packed chill-stored joints (surface sampled - stomachered) and frozen beef (thawed stomachered). For stored and unstored raw poultry sampled by skin scraping or stomachering of muscle and skin good overall correlation (r = 0.88–0.89) was obtained between the DEFT count and the plate count in the ranges 1.1 × 103 to 1.3 × 107/cm2 (skin scraping) and 1 × 104 to 9.5 × 106/g (muscle and skin) even though the DEFT always overestimated counts on samples on which no growth had occurred (plate count <7×104/cm2 or <1×105/g). However, good linearity between DEFT and plate counts allowed use of the regression equation to obtain a good estimate of the plate count on these samples. The DEFT was unsuitable for application to poultry neck skin sampled by shaking because particulate material interfered with counting. This was also a problem with Mechanically Recovered Meat although the DEFT gave a fair estimate (r = 0.72) of the plate count on certain types (beef and veal) of this product. The DEFT was capable of providing counts within 35 to 45 min and its applicability to the rapid estimation of bacterial numbers in meat and poultry is discussed.
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Roth, Jonathan N. "Temperature-Independent Pectin Gel Method for Aerobic Plate Count in Dairy and Nondairy Food Products: Collaborative Study." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 71, no. 2 (March 1, 1988): 343–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/71.2.343.

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Abstract Ten laboratories participated in a collaborative study to compare the pectin-based plate count (PC) Redigel method with the aerobic plate count and standard plate count agar-based standard methods for the estimation of total bacterial counts in 9 different nondairy food and dairy food products. The foods were cream, homogenized milk, raw milk, cheese, raw chicken, raw oysters, frozen broccoli, flour, and spices. Each laboratory analyzed 6 samples (3 sample pairs) of each food group. Counts obtained by the pectin-based plate count and agarbased plate count methods differed significantly (P 0.05) only for homogenized milk, where the pectin gel method resulted in higher counts. The actual counts were higher in the pectin gel method in 8 of the 9 food groups. The log means for pectin gel and agar-based media, respectively, for the 9 food groups were: cream 8.106 and 7.844; homogenized milk 8.642 and 8.231; raw milk 8.711 and 8.423; chicken 7.654 and 7.645; oysters 7.201 and 7.180; broccoli 7.102 and 6.798; cheese 8.045 and 8.055; flour 4.112 and 3.988; spice 5.379 and 5.314. The repeatability standard deviations favored the pectin gel method in 6 of the 9 foods tested. The reproducibility standard deviations favored the pectin gel method in 7 of the 9 foods tested. These results strongly support the suitability of the pectin gel method as an alternative to agar-based plate count and other methods for total bacterial counts in nondairy and dairy food products. The pectin gel method has been adopted official first action.
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SMITH, LORRAINE B., TERRANCE L. FOX, and F. F. BUSTA. "Comparison of a Dry Medium Culture Plate (Petrifilm SM Plates) Method to the Aerobic Plate Count Method for Enumeration of Mesophilic Aerobic Colony-Forming Units in Fresh Ground Beef." Journal of Food Protection 48, no. 12 (December 1, 1985): 1044–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-48.12.1044.

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Mesophilic aerobic microbial populations in fresh ground beef were enumerated with a new system, Petrifilm™ SM Plates (PSM), and with the conventional aerobic plate count (APC) method using standard methods agar (SMA). Total colony-forming units were determined in 119 fresh ground beef samples (29 extra-lean, 30 lean and 60 regular) purchased at nine different retail markets over a period of 6 wk. Linear regression analysis of PSM vs. APC counts gave a slope of 0.963, an intercept of −0.027, and a correlation coefficient of 0.951. Mean log10 counts on PSM were 5.86 compared to 6.11 on SMA (P<0.01) or a mean log10 difference of −0.25. These analyses indicate that the Petrifilm SM method would be a possible alternative for the aerobic plate count method.
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ELLENDER, RUDOLPH D., SANDRA L. SHARP, PAUL G. COMAR, and ROBERT P. TETTLETON. "Rapid Methods to Evaluate the Bacteriological Quality of Frozen Crabmeat." Journal of Food Protection 56, no. 6 (June 1, 1993): 545–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-56.6.545.

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The standard methods plate count (SMPC) of frozen crabmeat samples was compared with counts of two alternative aerobic plate count methods (Redigel, Petrifilm). The differences in counts were compared after incubation at two temperatures (35°C and room temperature; RT) and three intervals of time (24, 48, and 72 h). No statistical differences were found when the time of analysis or the method of analysis was compared. However, differences were observed within SMPC values and within Petrifilm plate count values when RT was compared to 35°C, Redigel plate counts at RT and 35°C were not significantly different. The results suggest that seafood plants could use the Redigel media, incubate samples at room temperature for 48 h, and furnish data comparable to SMPC.
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ADKINSON, ROBERT W., RONALD H. GOUGH, and JEFFREY J. RYAN. "Use of Individual, Premoistened, Disposable Wipes in Preparing Cow Teats for Milking and Resultant Raw Milk Quality and Production1." Journal of Food Protection 54, no. 12 (December 1, 1991): 957–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-54.12.957.

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Two methods of preparing cows for milking were compared. One preparation consisted of wiping each teat clean with individual, premoistened, disposable wipes. This method was compared with washing teats with a hand-held water nozzle and drying with individual paper towels. Two groups of eight Holstein cows each were randomly assigned to the two treatments. Aseptically collected weigh jar milk samples from individual cow milkings were analyzed for standard plate count, preliminary incubation count, laboratory pasteurization count, and coliform count. Pretrial bacterial counts were monitored for 2 d and were used as covariates in statistical analyses. Cows were sampled for 7 d followed by a 2-d rest after which treatments were switched and cows sampled for another week. Method of udder preparation did not affect daily milk production, fat or protein percent. Standard plate counts and preliminary incubation counts were significantly lower for wipe treatment (363 vs 933 CFU/ml and 263 vs 661 CFU/ml). There was no treatment difference for laboratory pasteurization count or coliform count. Raw milk quality as determined by standard plate count and preliminary incubation count was improved by the wipe treatment.
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CHAIN, VICKI S., and DANIEL Y. C. FUNG. "Comparison of Redigel, Petrifilm, Spiral Plate System, Isogrid, and Aerobic Plate Count for Determining the Numbers of Aerobic Bacteria in Selected Foods." Journal of Food Protection 54, no. 3 (March 1, 1991): 208–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-54.3.208.

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The numbers of aerobic bacteria from chicken, ground beef, ground pork, shelled pecan, raw milk, thyme, and flour (20 samples from each food) were determined by four alternative viable cell count methods (Redigel, Petrifilm, Spiral Plate System, and Isogrid) to ascertain the effectiveness of these methods in providing viable cell counts compared with the widely used Aerobic Plate Count (APC) method. The results indicated that all five methods were highly comparable (r=0.97 and higher, with the exception of Petrifilm versus Spiral Plate System, which was 0.88) and exhibited a high degree of accuracy and agreement. Thus, the four alternative methods were found to provide accurate aerobic bacterial counts of foods compared with the APC method.
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BONVEHI, JOSEP SERRA, and ROSSEND ESCOLÁ JORDÁ. "The Microbiological Quality of Honey as Determined by Aerobic Colony Counts." Journal of Food Protection 56, no. 4 (April 1, 1993): 336–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-56.4.336.

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The number of mesophilic aerobic colonies was determined in 72 samples of mono- and multifloral honey from various sources by the plate count and the membrane filter methods. The presence of motile colonies made the plate counts unreliable. The microorganism producing these colonies was identified as Bacillus alvei. Colony counts could only be carried out in 27 of the samples when using the plate count method, while with the membrane filter method the number of colonies was counted in all the samples.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Plate count"

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Quinn, Brenton Peter. "HACCP Assessment of Virginia Meat and Poultry Processing Plants." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35994.

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Fifty-eight meat and poultry plants in Virginia were assessed during spring and summer of 2000. These assessments were all conducted in the presence of state inspection and were designed to be non-regulatory. The audit team included N.G. Marriott, M.A. Tolbert and B.P. Quinn. The audits consisted of a tour of the facility and a review of SSOPs and all HACCP related documentation. To assist in these audits, a HACCP check sheet was developed and utilized to indicate suggestions or deficiencies. Most of the plants had an understanding of how to implement HACCP properly. The majority of the suggestions that were noted were not so much about the HACCP concept, but more with regards to the legality of a HACCP document. The most noted deficiency was improper cross-outs. If there is a correction, one line should be drawn through the error and then must be initialed. With respect to the HACCP plan, most deficiencies were related to the hazards and the critical control points.

During these audits, two microbial determination methods (Standard Plate Count and Bioluminescence) were used to evaluate processing equipment. Typically, three pieces of equipment were tested at each plant. When the data were collected, the two microbial determination methods were correlated. The "corr" function in SAS resulted in a correlation coefficient of .4478, which is low and indicates a poor correlation. A pass/fail method similar to one done by Illsley et. al. resulted in a 48.9% agreement between the methods in this research.
Master of Science

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Ma, Yuan. "Optimal mems plate design and control for large channel count optical switches." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/2071.

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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2004.
Thesis research directed by: Electrical Engineering. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Bermejo, Lucas Justiniano. "Ação do ultrassom na remoção do biofilme dos reservatórios de equipos odontológicos da Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/25/25142/tde-01102012-171948/.

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Foram avaliados 25 reservatórios de água dos equipos odontológicos da Clínica de Dentística/Endodontia da FOB/USP com relação à presença de micro-organismos e a ação do ultrassom (US) na remoção do biofilme. Amostras de 10ml de água foram obtidas e alíquotas de 25l in natura e diluída até 10-4 foram semeadas pela técnica da gota nos meios: R2A Agar (R2A), Plate Count Agar (PCA), Peptona Diluída (PD) e Sabouraud Dextrose Agar com cloranfenicol a 1% (SDA), incubadas a 24º C por 72 horas. A água dos reservatórios foi descartada e 500 ml de água destilada esterilizada foi adicionada, sendo submetidos à ação do ultrassom (US) por 15 minutos, seguidos do mesmo procedimento descrito anteriormente. As colônias de bactérias foram quantificadas e os fungos foram identificados por micro-cultivo. A média da detecção de UFC/ml antes e após o US foi de 173.787 e 15.841 para o R2A, 104.873 e 3.034 para o PCA e de 245.824 e 8.231 para o PD. A média de fungos foi de 52,4 antes e 19,2 UFC/ml após ação do US. Fungos foram detectados em 20 reservatórios antes e em 12 deles após uso do US. O Penicillium sp apresentou prevalência de 36% nos reservatórios de água avaliados. Os resultados obtidos permitem concluir que o US foi eficiente em desestruturar o biofilme, embora não o elimine por completo, apresentando maior efetividade na desestruturação de bactérias.
A total of 25 waterline unit reservoirs of the odontological sets from the Dentistry/Endodontic Clinic of FOB/USP were assessed, in relation to the presence of microorganisms and the ultrasound action (US) on the biofilm removal. Waterline samples of 10ml were obtained from aliquots of 25l in natura and diluted until 10-4, then, they were spread using the dripping technique on the means: R2A Agar (R2A), Plate Count Agar (PCA), diluted Peptone (DP) and Sabouraud Dextrose Agar with cloranfenicol at 1% (SDA), being incubated at 24º C for 72 hours. The waterline units of the reservoirs were discarded and 500 ml of sterilized distilled water was added, submitted to ultrasound action (US) for 15 minutes, following the same procedure described afore. The bacteria colonies were quantified and the fungi were identified through micro-culture. The average of detection of UFC/ml before and after US was 173.787 and 15.841 for R2A, 104.873 and 3.034 for PCA and of 245.824 and 8.231 for PD. The fungi average was 52,4 before and 19,2 UFC/ml after the action of US. Fungi were detected in 20 reservoirs before and 12 after using US. Penicillium sp showed a prevalence of 36% in the waterline reservoirs assessed. The results obtained, led to the conclusion that US was efficient to break the structure of the biofilm, although it did not eliminate it completely, showing more effectiveness to break the bacteria structure.
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Zhao, Bingjie. "BIOSTABILITY IN DRINKING WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS IN A CHANGING WATER QUALITY ENVIRONMENT USING CORROSION INHIBITORS." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2007. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2666.

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In this study, the bacterial growth dynamics of 14 pilot drinking water distribution systems were studied in order to observe water quality changes due to corrosion inhibitor addition. Empirical models were developed to quantity the effect of inhibitor type and dose on bacterial growth (biofilm and bulk water). Water and pipe coupon samples were taken and examined during the experiments. The coupons were exposed to drinking water at approximately 20 °C for at least 5 weeks to allow the formation of a measurable quasi- steady-state biofilm. Bulk water samples were taken every week. In this study, two simple but practical empirical models were created. Sensitivity analysis for the bulk HPC model (for all 14 of the PDSs) showed that maintaining a chloramine residual at 2.6 mg/L instead of 1.1 mg/L would decrease bulk HPC by anywhere from 0.5 to 0.9 log, which was greater than the increase in bulk HPC from inhibitor addition at 0.31 to 0.42 log for Si and P based inhibitors respectively. This means that maintaining higher residual levels can counteract the relatively modest increases due to inhibitors. BF HPC was affected by pipe material, effluent residual and temperature in addition to a small increase due to inhibitor addition. Biofilm density was most affected by material type, with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) biofilm density consistently much lower than other materials (0.66, 0.92, and 1.22 log lower than lined cast iron (LCI), unlined cast iron (UCI), and galvanized steel (G), respectively). Temperature had a significant effect on both biofilm and bulk HPC levels but it is not practical to alter temperature for public drinking water distribution systems so temperature is not a management tool like residual. This study evaluated the effects of four different corrosion inhibitors (i.e. based on either phosphate or silica) on drinking water distribution system biofilms and bulk water HPC levels. Four different pipe materials were used in the pilot scale experiments, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), lined cast iron (LCI), unlined cast iron (UCI), and galvanized steel (G). Three kinds of phosphate based and one silica based corrosion inhibitors were added at concentrations typically applied in a drinking water distribution system for corrosion control. The data showed that there was a statistically significant increase of 0.34 log in biofilm bacterial densities (measured as HPC) with the addition of any of the phosphate based inhibitors (ortho-phosphorus, blended ortho-poly-phosphate, and zinc ortho-phosphate). A silica based inhibitor resulted in an increase of 0.36 log. The biological data also showed that there was a statistically significant increase in bulk water bacterial densities (measured as heterotrophic plates count, HPC) with the addition of any of the four inhibitors. For bulk HPC this increase was relatively small, being 15.4% (0.42 log) when using phosphate based inhibitors, and 11.0% (0.31 log) for the silica based inhibitor. Experiments with PDS influent spiked with phosphate salts, phosphate based inhibitors, and the silicate inhibitor showed that the growth response of P17 and NOx in the AOC test was increased by addition of these inorganic compounds. For this source water and the PDSs there was more than one limiting nutrient. In addition to organic compounds phosphorus was identified as a nutrient stimulating growth, and there was also an unidentified nutrient in the silica based inhibitor. However since the percentage increases due to inhibitors were no greater than 15% it is unlikely that this change would be significant for the bulk water microbial quality. In addition it was shown that increasing the chloramines residual could offset any additional growth and that the inhibitors could help compliance with the lead and copper rule. However corrosion inhibitors might result in an increase in monitoring and maintenance requirements, particularly in dead ends, reaches with long HRTs, and possibly storage facilities. In addition it is unknown what the effect of corrosion inhibitors are on the growth of coliform bacteria and opportunistic pathogens relative to ordinary heterotrophs. A method was developed to monitor precision for heterotrophic plate count (HPC) using both blind duplicates and lab replicates as part of a project looking at pilot drinking water distribution systems. Precision control charts were used to monitor for changes in assay variability with time just as they are used for chemical assays. In adapting these control charts for the HPC assay, it was determined that only plate counts ≥ 30 cfu per plate could be used for Quality Assurance (QA) purposes. In addition, four dilutions were used for all known Quality Control (QC) samples to insure counts usable for QC purposes would be obtained. As a result there was a 50% increase in the required labor for a given number of samples when blind duplicates and lab replicates were run in parallel with the samples. For bulk water HPCs the distributions of the duplicate and replicate data were found to be significantly different and separate control charts were used. A probability based analysis for setting up the warning limit (WL) and control limit (CL) was compared with the method following National Institute of Standard and Technology (NIST) guidelines.
Ph.D.
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
Environmental Engineering PhD
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Owens, James Hudson. "DISINFECTION KINETICS FOR A CHLORINE-RESISTANT FRACTION OF INDIGENOUS HETEROTROPHIC PLATE COUNT BACTERIA IN OHIO RIVER WATER." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1029506971.

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Cassoli, Laerte Dagher. "Validação da metodologia de citometria de fluxo para avaliação da contagem bacteriana do leite cru." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11139/tde-26092005-164035/.

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O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a utilização da metodologia de citometria de fluxo na determinação da contagem bacteriana total (CBT) do leite cru. No primeiro estudo foi avaliado o efeito da temperatura de armazenamento, da idade da amostra e do tipo conservante sobre a CBT. Também foi estudada a possibilidade de se utilizar uma única amostra de leite para a realização das análises previstas na Instrução Normativa 51 (IN-51). Foram testadas, três temperaturas de armazenamento (0oC – congelado, 7oC – resfriamento e 24 oC – ambiente), três conservantes (bronopol, azidiol e sem conservante) e quatro tempos entre a coleta e a análise (idade da amostra) (um (D1), três (D3), cinco (D5) e sete (D7) dias). Foi considerado tratamento controle para análise de CBT, amostras refrigeradas, com azidiol e com um dia de idade. Para as análises de composição e CCS, o tratamento controle foram amostras refrigeradas, com bronopol e com um dia de idade. Os resultados indicaram que será necessária a coleta de duas amostras, uma destinada à determinação de CCS e composição, contendo bronopol e, outra, para CBT, contendo azidiol. A amostra para CBT poderá ser analisada em até sete dias após a coleta, desde que mantida sob refrigeração à 7ºC. Deve-se evitar o aquecimento ou o congelamento da amostra para CBT, bem como garantir a adição do azidiol. O segundo estudo teve como objetivo estabelecer a correlação entre os métodos de referência e de citometria de fluxo na determinação da CBT. Amostras coletadas nos meses de junho à setembro (n=155) foram agrupadas considerando-se estação da seca e as coletadas nos meses de novembro e dezembro (n=68), estação das águas. Foram realizadas análises simultâneas pelos métodos de referência (contagem padrão em placas) e de citometria de fluxo (equipamento Bactocount), sendo os resultados expressos em unidades formadoras de colônia (UFC) e contagem individual de bactérias (CIB), respectivamente. As equações lineares de correlação entre a CIB e UFC foram semelhantes nas estações, indicando que uma única equação pode ser utilizada ao longo do ano para transformar os resultados de CIB para UFC. A equação linear obtida foi: log(UFC) = log(CIB) x 0,7224 + 1,4617 com coeficiente de correlação de 0,8125. A acurácia do equipamento Bactocount na estimativa do valor de referência, expressa pelo erro padrão (s(y,x)), foi de 0,309 log UFC/mL. Os resultados mostraram que o equipamento Bactocount pode ser calibrado para expressar os resultados em UFC e com isso ser utilizado no monitoramento da qualidade do leite.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the utilization of electronic flow cytometry to determine total bacterial count (TBC) of raw milk. In the first experiment, the effect of storage temperature, sample age and milk preservative type on TBC were evaluated. Additionally, the use of a single milk sample to performance regulatory milk analysis under the Normative Instruction 51 (NI-51) was tested. Effects were standardized as: three storage temperatures (0ºC – freezer, 7ºC – refrigerator and 24ºC – room temperature), four sample ages (1 (D1), 3 (D3), 5 (D5) and 7 (D7) days) and three milk preservatives (bronopol, azidiol and no preservative). Control treatment for TBC analysis was defined as refrigerated milk samples containing azidiol with 1 day of storage. For determination of milk components and somatic cell count (SCC), control treatment was defined as refrigerated milk samples containing bronopol with 1 day of storage. Results of the first experiment showed that two milk samples are necessary to performance regulatory milk analysis under the NI-51; one containing bronopol should be used for determination of milk components and SCC, and other containing azidiol for TBC. Milk samples used for TBC can be tested until 7 days after sampling when they are kept at 7ºC. Freezing or heating milk samples for TBC analysis should be avoided and addition of azidiol is always necessary. The second experiment was designed to determine a correlation between two methods of TBC, electronic flow cytometry and standard plate count. Milk samples collected from June to September (n = 155) were named as dry season samples and milk samples collected in November and December (n = 68) were named as rainy season samples. Each milk sample was used to run both methods of TBC. Results were expressed as individual bacterial count (IBC) and colony forming unit (CFU) for electronic flow cytometry (Bactocount) and standard plate count, respectively. The linear equations of correlation between IBC and CFU had similar patterns in both seasons, dry and rainy, indicating that a single equation can be used to transform IBC results in CFU along the year. The linear equation was defined as log(CFU) = 0.7224 x log(IBC) + 1.4617 with coefficient of correlation of 0.8125. The accuracy of Bactocount in estimating reference values, denoted by the standard error (s(y,x)), was 0.309 log CFU/mL. The results showed that Bactocount can be calibrated to express TBC readings in CFU and, consequently, be used to monitor milk quality.
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Walter, Sunette. "Characterization of heterotrophic plate count (HPC) bacteria from biofilm and bulk water samples from the Potchefstroom drinking water distribution system / by S. Walter." Thesis, North-West University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4977.

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The presence of heterotrophic plate count (HPC) bacteria in drinking water distribution systems is usually not considered harmful to the general consumer. However, precautions must be taken regarding the immunocompromised. All water supply authorities in South Africa are lawfully required to provide consumers with high-quality drinking water that complies with South African-and international standards. This study mainly focused on the isolation, identification and characterization of HPC and other bacteria from biofilm-and bulk water samples from two sampling points located within the Potchefstroom drinking water distribution system. Based on five main objectives set out in this study, results indicated that the bulk water at the J.S. van der Merwe building was of ideal quality fit for lifetime consumption. Application of enrichment-and selective media allowed for the isolation of 12 different bacterial morphotypes. These were identified by way of biochemical-and molecular methods as Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Brevundimonas spp., Clostridiaceae, Corynebacterium renale, Flavobacteriaceae, Kytococcus sedentarius, Leuconostoc lactic, Lysinibacillus sphaericus, Pseudomonas spp., Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus capitis. The greatest diversity of bacteria was detected early autumn 2008, while the lowest diversity occurred during mid-winter 2007. Bacillus cereus, Kytococcus sedentarius and Staphylococcus capitis displayed potential pathogenic properties on blood agar. Kytococcus sedentarius could be classified as potentially the most pathogenic among the isolates. All isolates displayed multiple-resistant patterns towards tested antibiotics. Corynebacterium renale and Staphylococcus aureus were least resistant bacterial species and Lysinibacillus sphaericus the most resistant. All isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin (CIP) and streptomycin (S), but most were resistant to erythromycin (E). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) allowed for detailed examination of Brevundimonas spp., Pseudomonas spp. and Staphylococcus spp. The capability of Brevundimonas spp. to produce slime and store nutrients within inclusion bodies, suggests the ability of this bacterium to form biofilm and persist in the drinking water for prolonged periods. Despite the inhibitory or toxic effect of copper against bacterial growth, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed the presence of biofilms as well as diatoms on red-copper coupons. Biofilm activity was also observed on reverse-osmosis (RO) filters. Since corrosion was evident on red-copper coupons, it is recommended that prospective studies also look into the significance of microbial induced corrosion (MIC) within the Potchefstroom drinking water distribution system. Other prospects include determining minimum inhibitory concentrations of isolates against antibiotics and the application of culture independent methods such as SSCP and DGGE to investigate biofilm development. The use of diatoms as an index of the drinking water quality is also suggested.
Thesis (M.Sc. (Environmental Science))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010.
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Bellali, Sara. "Évaluation de l'impact de la conservation sur la viabilité et la cultivabilité du microbiote intestinal humain." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/191121_BELLALI_58q14hn462lvr402balo_TH.pdf.

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Le microbiote intestinal humain abrite un grand nombre de micro-organismes qui jouent un rôle crucial dans la santé humaine. Cependant, le nombre de bactéries détectées par des méthodes quantitatives indépendantes de la culture s'est révélé beaucoup plus élevé que celui des bactéries cultivées sur des géloses. Cet écart est connu sous le nom de la « Great plate count anomaly ». L'objectif principal de ce travail était d'expliquer ''l’incultivabilité" des bactéries intestinales et de maintenir leur viabilité. Dans ce travail, nous avons constaté que l'exposition à l'oxygène pendant plus d'une heure réduisait la cultivabilité des bactéries à 50%. De plus, lorsque les échantillons ont été exposés à l'oxygène pendant moins de 2 minutes, la cultivabilité a augmenté à 87%. Ce dernier résultat suggère que la non-cultivabilité pourrait être due au fait que les bactéries sensibles à l'oxygène étaient à l'état viable mais non cultivable, ou qu'elles étaient blessées ou mortes. Ce résultat a été confirmé lorsque nous avons séquencé les bactéries vivantes, blessées et mortes triées par le FACS. 28 % des UTOs correspondaient à des bactéries mortes, dont environ deux tiers étaient inconnues, et la majorité de ces bactéries étaient sensibles à l’oxygène. D'autre part, notre nouveau milieu protecteur a démontré son efficacité sur les échantillons fécaux et les bactéries sensibles à l'oxygène. En conclusion, notre étude nous a permis d’explorer la « dark matter » du microbiote intestinal humain et a révélé que la métagénomique et l'approche culturomics sont nécessaires pour bien comprendre la diversité et la richesse des bactéries cultivables et non cultivables
The human gut microbiota harbors a wide range of microorganisms that play a crucial role in human health. However, the number of bacterial cells detected by quantitative culture-independent methods was found to be much higher compared to that of cultured bacteria on agar plates. That discrepancy is known as the “ Great plate count anomaly ”. The main goal of this work was to investigate the “ unculturability ” of gut bacteria and maintain their viability. we found that exposure to oxygen for more than 1 hour decreased the culturability of bacteria to 50%. More importantly, when samples were exposed to oxygen for less than 2 min, the culturability increased to 87%. This result suggested that the non-culturability might be due to the fact that oxygen-sensitive cells were in the viable but non-culturable state, or either injured or dead. This funding was confirmed when we sequenced the FACS sorted live, injured and dead bacteria, where, 28% of of bacterial OTUs in total fecal samples were exclusively found dead and/or injured. Among these non-live bacteria, about two-thirds were unknown, thus a large amount were anaerobic. In the other hand, our new protectant medium showed its effectiveness on fecal samples and oxygen sensitive bacteria. In conclusion, our work has confirmed the importance of sample conditioning and processing to obtain the best culture conditions and isolation rates. In addition, our study allowed us to shed light on the dark matter of the human gut microbiota and revealed that both metagenomics and culturomics approach are needed for full insight into the diversity and richness of culturable and unculturable bacteria in the human gut microbiota
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Jin, Yichao. "Listeria innnocua Biofilm Formation on Food Contact Surfaces and Its inactivation by Chlorine Dioxide Gas." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1502966404221271.

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Venter, Leandra. "Presence of potentially pathogenic heterotrophic plate count (HPC) bacteria occurring in a drinking water distribution system in the North-West Province, South Africa / by Leandra Venter." Thesis, North-West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4380.

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There is currently growing concern about the presence of heterotrophic plate count (HPC) bacteria in drinking water. These HPC may have potential pathogenic features, enabling them to cause disease. It is especially alarming amongst individuals with a weakened immune system. South Africa, the country with the highest incidents of HIV positive individuals in the world, mainly uses these counts to assess the quality of drinking water in terms of the number of micro-organisms present in the water. These micro-organisms may be present in the bulk water or as biofilms adhered to the surfaces of a drinking water distribution system. The current study investigated the pathogenic potential of HPC bacteria occurring as biofilms within a drinking water distribution system and determined the possible presence of these micro-organims within the bulk water. Biofilm samples were taken from five sites within a drinking water distribution system. Fifty six bacterial colonies were selected based on morphotypes and isolated for the screening of potential pathogenic features. Haemolysin production was tested for using sheep-blood agar plates. Of the 56, 31 isolates were ?-haemolytic. Among the 31 ?-haemolytic positive isolates 87.1% were positive for lecithinase, 41.9% for proteinase, 19.4% for chondroitinase, 9.7% for DNase and 6.5% for hyaluronidase. All of the ?-haemolytic isolates were resistant to oxytetracycline 30 ?g, trimethoprim 2.5 ?g and penicillin G10 units, 96.8% were resistant to vancomycin 30 ?g and ampicillin 10 ?g, 93.5% to kanamycin 30 ?g, 74.2% to chloramphenicol 30 ?g, 54.8% to ciprofloxacin 5 ?g, 22.6% to streptomycin 300 ?g and 16.1% to erythromycin 15 ?g. Nineteen isolates producing two or more enzymes were subjected to Gram staining. The nineteen isolates were all Gram-positive. These isolates were then identified using the BD BBL CRYSTALTM Gram-positive (GP) identification (ID) system. Isolates were identified as Bacillus cereus, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus pumilus and Kocuria rosea. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed to confirm these results and to obtain identifications for the bacteria not identified with the BD BBL CRYSTALTM GP ID system. Additionally identified bacteria included Bacillus thuringiensis, Arthrobacter oxydans and Exiguobacterium acetylicum. Morphological properties of the different species were studied with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to confirm sequencing results. All the isolates displayed rod shaped cells with the exception of Arthrobacter oxydans being spherical in the stationary phase of their life cycle. Bulk water samples were taken at two sites in close proximity with the biofilm sampling sites. The DNA was extracted directly from the water samples and the 16S rRNA gene region was amplified. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) was performed to confirm the presence of the isolates from the biofilm samples in the bulk water samples. The presence of Bacillus pumilus and Arthrobacter oxydans could be confirmed with DGGE. This study demonstrated the presence of potentially pathogenic HPC bacteria within biofilms in a drinking water distribution system. It also confirmed the probable presence of two of these biofilm based bacteria in the bulk water.
Thesis (M.Sc. (Microbiology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010.
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Books on the topic "Plate count"

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Hattori, Tsutomu. The viable count: Quantitative and environmental aspects. Madison, Wis: Science Tech Publishers, 1988.

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The viable count: Quantitative and environmental aspects. Madison, Wis: Science Tech Publishers, 1988.

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Platte County. Charleston, S.C: Arcadia Pub., 2009.

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Great Britain. Lord Chancellor's Department. County court districts (England and Wales): Index of place names. London: HMSO, 1987.

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Cassidy, Frederic Gomes. Dane County place-names. Madison, Wis: University of Wisconsin Press, 2009.

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D'Autrechy, Phyllis B. Hunterdon County place names. Flemington, N.J: Hunterdon County Cultural and Heritage Commission, 1992.

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Cassidy, Frederic Gomes. Dane County place-names. Madison, Wis: University of Wisconsin Press, 2009.

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Cassidy, Frederic Gomes. Dane County place-names. Madison, Wis: University of Wisconsin Press, 2009.

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Mosier, Page. Alameda County place names. Fremont, Calif: Mines Road Books, 1986.

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Davis, Jean Carol. Benton County place names. Kennewick, Wash. (205 Keewaydin Drive, Kennewick, 99336-0602): East Benton County Historical Society, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Plate count"

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da Silva, Neusely, Marta Hiromi Taniwaki, Valéria Christina Amstalden Junqueira, Neliane Ferraz de Arruda Silveira, Margarete Midori Okazaki, and Renato Abeilar Romeiro Gomes. "Aerobic plate count." In Microbiological Examination Methods of Food and Water, 65–80. Second edition. | Leiden, The Netherlands ; Boca Raton : CRC Press/Balkema, [2018]: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315165011-6.

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da Silva, Neusely, Marta Hiromi Taniwaki, Valéria Christina Amstalden Junqueira, Neliane Ferraz de Arruda Silveira, Margarete Midori Okazaki, and Renato Abeilar Romeiro Gomes. "Aerobic plate count." In Microbiological Examination Methods of Food and Water, 65–80. Second edition. | Leiden, The Netherlands ; Boca Raton : CRC Press/Balkema, [2018]: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b13740-6.

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Clark, Francis E. "Agar-Plate Method for Total Microbial Count." In Agronomy Monographs, 1460–66. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, Soil Science Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronmonogr9.2.c48.

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da Silva, Neusely, Marta Hiromi Taniwaki, Valéria Christina Amstalden Junqueira, Neliane Ferraz de Arruda Silveira, Margarete Midori Okazaki, and Renato Abeilar Romeiro Gomes. "Basic plate count techniques for enumeration of microorganisms." In Microbiological Examination Methods of Food and Water, 25–46. Second edition. | Leiden, The Netherlands ; Boca Raton : CRC Press/Balkema, [2018]: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315165011-3.

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da Silva, Neusely, Marta Hiromi Taniwaki, Valéria Christina Amstalden Junqueira, Neliane Ferraz de Arruda Silveira, Margarete Midori Okazaki, and Renato Abeilar Romeiro Gomes. "Basic plate count techniques for enumeration of microorganisms." In Microbiological Examination Methods of Food and Water, 25–46. Second edition. | Leiden, The Netherlands ; Boca Raton : CRC Press/Balkema, [2018]: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b13740-3.

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Reguera, Gemma. "“The Great Plate Count Anomaly” That Is No More." In In the Company of Microbes, 288–91. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555819606.ch71.

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Hertrich, Sarah M., and Brendan A. Niemira. "Beyond the Standard Plate Count: Genomic Views into Microbial Food Ecology." In Food Safety and Quality-Based Shelf Life of Perishable Foods, 135–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54375-4_7.

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Stocks, Jeffrey D. "The Out-of-Place Passenger." In Supreme Court Decisions, 39–44. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003238379-5.

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Anscombe, Elizabeth. "Truth, Sense and Assertion, or: What Plato should have Told the Sophists." In Logic Counts, 43–46. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0687-7_3.

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Quek Anderson, Dorcas. "Court-Annexed Mediations Within Singapore: A Complex Interface Between Individual Place and the Court Environment." In The Nexus among Place, Conflict and Communication in a Globalising World, 121–44. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-5925-5_7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Plate count"

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Lapington, J. S. "Developments in high count rate microchannel plate detectors." In Optics & Photonics 2005, edited by Oswald H. W. Siegmund. SPIE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.616796.

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Arifan, Fahmi, Sri Winarni, Wahyuningsih Wahyuningsih, Isti Pudjihastuti, and RTD Wisnu Broto. "Total Plate Count (TPC) Analysis of Processed Ginger on Tlogowungu Village." In Proceedings of the International Conference on Maritime and Archipelago (ICoMA 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icoma-18.2019.80.

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Mori, Kentaro, Daisuke Ohshima, Hideki Sasaki, Yuki Fujimura, Katsumi Kikuchi, Yoshiki Nakashima, Takuo Funaya, Tomohiro Nishiyama, Tomoo Murakami, and Shintaro Yamamichi. "A novel ultra-thin package for embedded high-pin-count LSI supported by Cu plate." In 2009 IEEE 59th Electronic Components and Technology Conference (ECTC 2009). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ectc.2009.5074202.

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Narasimhan, Sridhar, and Avram Bar-Cohen. "Compact Modeling of Unshrouded Plate Fin Heat Sinks." In ASME 2003 International Electronic Packaging Technical Conference and Exhibition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2003-35327.

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The present work considers the compact modeling of unshrouded parallel plate heat sinks in laminar forced convection. The computational domain includes three heat sinks in series, cooled by an intake fan. The two upstream heat sinks are represented as “porous blocks”, each with an effective thermal conductivity and a pressure loss coefficient, while the downstream heat sink, assumed to be the component requiring the most accurate characterization, is modeled in detail. A large parametric space covering three typical heat sink geometries, as well as a range of common inlet velocities, separation distances between the heat sinks, and bypass clearances is considered in the development and evaluation of the compact models. The current study uses a boundary layer-based methodology, accounting for both the viscous dissipation and form drag losses, to determine the pressure drop characteristics, and an effective conductivity methodology, using a flow bypass model and Nusselt number correlation, to determine the effective thermal conductivity, for the porous block representation of the heat sink. The results indicate that the introduction of compact heat sinks has little influence on the pressure drop of the critical heat sink. Good agreement in pressure drops, typically in the range of 5%, is also obtained between “detailed” heat sink models and their corresponding porous block representation. The introduction of the compact models is found to have little influence (typically less than 1°C) on the base temperature of the critical heat sinks. For the compact heat sinks, the agreement is again within a typical difference of 5% in thermal resistance. Dramatic improvements were observed in the mesh count (factor > 10X) and solution time (factor >20X) required to achieve a high-fidelity simulation of the velocity, pressure, and temperature fields.
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Hinz, Brandon J., Karim H. Muci-Küchler, and Pauline M. Smith. "Distribution of Bacteria in Simplified Surrogate Extremities Shot With Small Caliber Projectiles." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-64803.

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Experiments were conducted to determine bacteria distribution trends in wound cavities of simplified surrogate extremities shot using small caliber projectiles. Two different shapes of targets, cylindrical and square, were used in this study. Cylindrical targets are more representative of an extremity but create difficulties while conducting tests due to inconsistent cavity lengths and optical distortions. Square targets, which are not as susceptible to the problems mentioned above, could be used in place of cylindrical ones if their shape does not significantly affect the distribution of bacteria within the wound cavity. Surface contamination of the targets in the experiments was represented using a circular piece of filter paper moistened with a solution with a known amount of Escherichia coli strain K-12. The projectiles used were 11.43-mm (0.45-in) caliber round nose projectiles shot from a commercially available air rifle. The permanent cavities were extracted from the targets and sliced into small, evenly spaced segments and the area surrounding the permanent cavities was removed with a biopsy punch. The radial tears that were made by the formation of the temporary cavity and surround the permanent cavity were removed using a scalpel. The permanent cavity and radial tears for each section were processed and plated on agar plates. Commercial software was used to count the number of colony forming units on each plate and the percentage of the total bacterial colony count per segment was determined. High speed video and motion analysis software was used to qualitatively and quantitatively compare the temporary cavities in the cylindrical and square targets. The data from the experiments showed that the bacteria distribution trends for the cylindrical and square targets were similar even though the maximum openings of the temporary cavity at the entrance and exit locations were higher for the cylindrical ones. For both target shapes, the bacterium was evenly distributed between the permanent cavity and the radial tears in the middle sections of the “wound tracks.” In addition, significantly higher amounts of bacterium were found in the entrance and exit segments compared with the rest of the segments in the “wound tracks”.
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Shao, Shuangquan, Xianting Li, Wenxing Shi, and Qisen Yan. "A Universal Simulation Model of Air-Cooled Condenser Consisting of Plate-Fin-Tube." In ASME 2003 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2003-47405.

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Air-cooled condenser used for refrigeration and heat pump applications generally consists of plate-fin-tubes. A universal simulation model has been developed for simulation of plate-fin-tube condenser with distributed-parameter method. The model discretizes coil into circuit to circuit, tube to tube and then node to node along the refrigerant path and carries out repetitive marches from the refrigerant inlet to its outlet while simultaneously updating the values of the air stream properties for obtaining quick convergence. Unlike previous models, this model is capable of analyzing complicated circuiting arrangements and can take into count the variation in heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop coefficient along the tube. Especially, the coefficient of heat transfer and pressure drop of two-phase refrigerant strongly influences each other, so the pressure balance among parallel refrigerant circuits is carried out by adjusting the mass flow rate of refrigerant in each circuit. The distinguishing feature of this model is that it performs a node-to-node discretized analysis of the condenser along each circuit, making fewer assumption about the nature of heat transfer and pressure drop than traditional models. The model has been validated against experimental data on such coils available in the literature. It is not only helpful for optimal design of air-cooled condenser with any kind of complex circuiting arrangement, but also can act as a main part of the simulation model of refrigeration and heat pump systems.
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Rambaran, N., S. Maharaj, and R. Hosein. "Can Indigenous Bacteria be Utilized for Increasing Oil Recovery from Trinidad Oil Reservoirs?" In SPE Energy Resources Conference. SPE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/spe-169946-ms.

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Abstract In Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery (MEOR) oil mobility and oil recovery is increased by growing and reproducing microbes (bacteria) in oil reservoirs. The oil reservoir is either innoculated with a proprietry bacteria and then fed to grow or indigeneous microbes present are fed by the injection of a suitable nutrient identified from labotatory experiments. The metabolic by-products produced by these microorganisms causes a reduction in oil viscosity and interfacial tension and an increase in oil mobility. Although MEOR is not popular, the open literature has shown this to be a low cost mechanism that can be implemented with waterflood projects to increase the recovery of residual oil by another 1-5 %. In this study an oil sample from an oil reservoir in the South of Trinidad was selected and the indigenous bacteria present was identified to be mainly of the Bacillus species. A quantification of this indigenous bacteria by plate counts showed that the aerobic colony forming units (CFU) was about 1.5×106 CFU/ml whereas the observed anaerobic plate counts was about 9.0×102 CFU/ml. Growth of the indigenous bacteria was stimulated by innoculating the oil sample with five different nutrient formulations for a period of three weeks so as to select the most suitable nutrient. However, the growth in bacteria was too numerous to count even after one week. Experimental measurements showed that the sample innoculated with the nutrient broth formulation had the greatest change in oil properties. The reduction in oil viscosity was 49 % and the reduction in interficial tension was 17 %. The results from this study can be included in waterfloood simulation studies for suitable oil reservoirs in Trinidad to determine the added increase in oil mobility and oil recovery from a combination of waterflood and MEOR.
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Canepa, Edward, Davide Lengani, Francesca Satta, Ennio Spano, Marina Ubaldi, and Pietro Zunino. "Boundary Layer Separation Control on a Flat Plate With Adverse Pressure Gradients Using Vortex Generators." In ASME Turbo Expo 2006: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2006-90809.

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The continuous tendency in modern aeroengine gas turbines towards reduction of blade count and ducts length may lead to aerodynamic loading increase beyond the limit of boundary layer separation. For this reason boundary layer separation control methods, up to now mostly employed in external aerodynamics, begin to be experimented in internal flows applications. The present paper reports the results of a detailed experimental study on low profile vortex generators used to control boundary layer separation on a large-scale flat plate with prescribed adverse pressure gradients. Inlet turbulent boundary layer conditions and pressure gradients are representative of aggressive turbine intermediate ducts. This activity is part of a joint European research program on Aggressive Intermediate Duct Aerodynamics (AIDA). The pressure gradients on the flat plate are generated by increasing the aperture angle of a movable wall opposite to the flat plate. To avoid separation on the movable wall, boundary layer suction is applied on it. Complementary measurements (surface static pressure distributions, surface flow visualizations by means of wall mounted tufts, instantaneous and time-averaged velocity fields in the meridional and cross-stream planes by means of Particle Image Velocimetry) have been used to survey the flow with and without vortex generators. Three different pressure gradients, which induce turbulent separation in absence of boundary layer control, were tested. Vortex generators height and location effects on separation reduction and pressure recovery increase were investigated. For the most effective VGs configurations detailed analyses of the flow field were performed, that demonstrate the effectiveness of this passive control device to control separation in diffusing ducts. Particle Image Velocimetry vector and vorticity plots illustrate the mechanisms by which the vortex generators transfer momentum towards the surface, re-energizing the near-wall flow and preserving the boundary layer from separation.
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auf dem Kampe, Tilman, and Stefan Vo¨lker. "Application of a CFD-Based Film Cooling Model to a Gas Turbine Vane Cascade With Cylindrical and Shaped Hole Endwall Film Cooling." In ASME 2011 Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2011-45117.

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This paper presents the application of a CFD-based film cooling model to a gas turbine vane cascade test rig. The experimental investigations feature aerodynamic and endwall film cooling measurements on a first stage gas turbine vane in a linear cascade. An extended version of a previously developed cylindrical hole film cooling model has been employed, which now includes modeling of shaped hole cooling flows. The computational domain extends approximately one axial chord length upstream of the leading edge and downstream of the trailing edge of the vane. Adjacent solid parts are included by means of a conjugate heat transfer analysis to account for conduction effects. A hybrid mesh with resolved boundary layers and high spatial mesh resolution in the near-wall region is being used. This meshing approach ensures that the near-wall mesh resolution requirements of the film cooling model are satisfied, while maintaining a manageable total node count. Results obtained using the film cooling model are compared to surface distributions of film cooling effectiveness from the experimental cascade. Due to the moderate node count (≈ 3.5 × 106), CFD calculations including film cooling flows can be performed at comparatively low computational cost. The film cooling model, which previously had been validated against flat plate measurement data and applied to single cooling hole configurations only, is therefore shown to be a viable tool for the thermal design of gas turbine components with film cooling.
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Wong, S. C., Z. J. Hsu, and L. C. Hsu. "On the Test Setting at Condenser in Thermal Performance Tests of Heat Pipes." In ASME 2017 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2017-69517.

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This work compares the heat pipe test results using different test settings at the condenser under an identical evaporator setting and operating temperature of 45°C at the adiabatic section. The first test setting, considered as the standard, adopts a pair of water-cooled cold plates in which the heat pipe condenser is embedded, with a number of thermocouple beads attached to the condenser wall. In the second setting, the condenser resistances are determined based on the wall temperatures measured outside either end of the cold plate. The third setting adopts a water jacket with a number of thermocouples attached to the condenser wall but exposed to the cooling water. These three test settings have been applied in the literature. The second setting fails to count in the thermal resistances across the wick and pipe wall, and thereby seriously under-estimated the condenser resistances. For the third setting, the temperature readings are lowered by the cooling water so that the condenser resistances are greatly over-estimated. However, a fourth setting with the cooling-protected thermocouples yields similar results obtained using the standard setting. These results suggest that thermocouples be suitably arranged to ensure reliable performance measurements for the heat pipe condenser.
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Reports on the topic "Plate count"

1

Wills, D. Acadian place names in Nova Scotia's Kings County. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/298597.

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Brenkert-Smith, Hannah, James R. Meldrum, Pamela Wilson, Patricia A. Champ, Christopher M. Barth, and Angela Boag. Living with wildfire in La Plata County, Colorado: 2015 data report. Ft. Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/rmrs-rn-80.

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Brenkert-Smith, Hannah, James R. Meldrum, Pamela Wilson, Patricia A. Champ, Christopher M. Barth, and Angela Boag. Living with wildfire in La Plata County, Colorado: 2015 data report. Ft. Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/rmrs-rn-80.

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Tosi, R., R. Amela, M. Nuñez, R. Badia, C. Roig, R. Rossi, and C. Soriano. D1.2 First realease of the softwares. Scipedia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23967/exaqute.2021.2.011.

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This deliverable presents the software release of the Kratos Multiphysics software [3], ”a framework for building parallel, multi-disciplinary simulation software, aiming at modularity, extensibility, and high performance. Kratos is written in C++, and counts with an extensive Python interface”. In this deliverable we focus on the development of Uncertainty Quantification inside Kratos. This takes place in the MultilevelMonteCarloApplication, a recent development inside the software that allows to deal with uncertainty quantification.
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5

Seaman, Jayson, and Sean McLaughlin. The importance of outdoor activity and place attachment to adolescent development in Coös County, New Hampshire. University of New Hampshire Libraries, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.34051/p/2020.208.

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6

Tidd, Alexander N., Richard A. Ayers, Grant P. Course, and Guy R. Pasco. Scottish Inshore Fisheries Integrated Data System (SIFIDS): work package 6 final report development of a pilot relational data resource for the collation and interpretation of inshore fisheries data. Edited by Mark James and Hannah Ladd-Jones. Marine Alliance for Science and Technology for Scotland (MASTS), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15664/10023.23452.

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[Extract from Executive Summary] The competition for space from competing sectors in the coastal waters of Scotland has never been greater and thus there is a growing a need for interactive seascape planning tools that encompass all marine activities. Similarly, the need to gather data to inform decision makers, especially in the fishing industry, has become essential to provide advice on the economic impact on fishing fleets both in terms of alternative conservation measures (e.g. effort limitations, temporal and spatial closures) as well as the overlap with other activities, thereby allowing stakeholders to derive a preferred option. The SIFIDS project was conceived to allow the different relevant data sources to be identified and to allow these data to be collated in one place, rather than as isolated data sets with multiple data owners. The online interactive tool developed as part of the project (Work Package 6) brought together relevant data sets and developed data storage facilities and a user interface to allow various types of user to view and interrogate the data. Some of these data sets were obtained as static layers which could sit as background data e.g. substrate type, UK fishing limits; whilst other data came directly from electronic monitoring systems developed as part of the SIFIDS project. The main non-static data source was Work Package 2, which was collecting data from a sample of volunteer inshore fishing vessels (<12m). This included data on location; time; vessel speed; count, time and position of deployment of strings of creels (or as fleets and pots as they are also known respectively); and a count of how many creels were hauled on these strings. The interactive online tool allowed all the above data to be collated in a specially designed database and displayed in near real time on the web-based application.
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Olwande, John, and Miltone Ayieko. Impact of COVID-19 on Food Systems and Rural Livelihoods in Kenya – Round 2 Report. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2020.017.

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Since 12 March 2020, when Kenya reported the first COVID-19 cases, the Ministry of Health confirmed a total of 45,076 cases and 839 deaths, as of 19 October.1 Despite the rising number of COVID-19 confirmed infections and deaths in Kenya during the third quarter (Q3) of 2020, the national and county governments relaxed some of the restrictions that had been in place during Q2 aimed at controlling the spread of COVID-19. This assessment was aimed at understanding the effects of COVID-19 at household level and attendant policy responses during Q3 of 2020, to inform actions to assure protection of local food systems, rural livelihoods and the supply of adequate, affordable food of acceptable quality to the population.
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8

Qamhia, Issam, Erol Tutumluer, and Han Wang. Aggregate Subgrade Improvements Using Quarry By-products: A Field Investigation. Illinois Center for Transportation, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-017.

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This report presents a case study for constructing aggregate subgrade improvement (ASI) layers using quarry by-product aggregates (QBA), a quarry mix of large primary crushed rocks (PCR) and sand-sized quarry fines. The construction took place at Larry Power Road in Bourbonnais Township in Kankakee County, Illinois, where the Illinois Department of Transportation placed two QBA mixes. The first mix (QBA_M1) consisted of 45% quarry by-products and 55% railroad ballast–sized 3×1 PCR. The second mix (QBA_M2) consisted of 31% and 69% quarry by-products and PCR, respectively. Two conventional ASI sections were also constructed conforming to Illinois Department of Transportation’s CS02 gradation. All sections consisted of a 9 in. (229 mm) QBA/PCR layer topped with a 3 in. (76 mm) dense-graded capping layer. Laboratory studies preceded the construction to recommend optimum quarry by-product content in the QBA materials and construction practice. The Illinois Center for Transportation research team monitored the quality and uniformity of the construction using nondestructive testing techniques such as dynamic cone penetrometer, lightweight deflectometer, and falling weight deflectometer. The segregation potential was monitored by visual inspection and imaging-based techniques. Short-term field evaluation of the constructed QBA layers, particularly QBA_M2 with a 31% quarry by-product content, showed no evidence of abnormal segregation and did not jeopardize the structural integrity of the QBA ASI layers, which had slightly lower but comparable strength and stiffness profiles to the conventional ASI sections. The use of QBA materials in ASI was field validated as a sustainable construction practice to provide stable pavement foundation layers.
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Olsen, Laurie, Kathryn Lindholm-Leary, Magaly Lavadenz, Elvira Armas, and Franca Dell'Olio. Pursuing Regional Opportunities for Mentoring, Innovation, and Success for English Learners (PROMISE) Initiative: A Three-Year Pilot Study Research Monograph. PROMISE INITIATIVE, February 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.15365/ceel.seal2010.

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The Pursuing Regional Opportunities for Mentoring, Innovation, and Success for English Learners (PROMISE) Initiative Research Monograph is comprised of four sub-studies that took place between 2006 and 2009 to examine the effectiveness of the PROMISE Initiative across six implementing counties. Beginning in 2002, the superintendents of the six Southern California County Offices of Education collaborated to examine the pattern of the alarmingly low academic performance of English learners (EL) across Los Angeles, Orange, San Bernardino, San Diego, Riverside, and Ventura. Together, these six counties serve over one million EL students, more than 66% of the total EL population in the state of California, and close to 20% of the EL population in the nation. Data were compiled for the six counties, research on effective programs for ELs was shared, and a common vision for the success of ELs began to emerge. Out of this effort, the PROMISE Initiative was created to uphold a critical vision that ensured that ELs achieved and sustained high levels of proficiency, high levels of academic achievement, sociocultural and multicultural competency, preparation for successful transition to higher education, successful preparation as a 21st century global citizen, and high levels of motivation, confidence, and self-assurance. This report is organized into six chapters: an introductory chapter, four chapters of related studies, and a summary chapter. The four studies were framed around four areas of inquiry: 1) What is the PROMISE model? 2) What does classroom implementation of the PROMISE model look like? 3) What leadership skills do principals at PROMISE schools need to lead transformative education for ELs? 4) What impact did PROMISE have on student learning and participation? Key findings indicate that the PROMISE Initiative: • resulted in positive change for ELs at all levels including achievement gains and narrowing of the gap between ELs and non-ELs • increased use of research-based classroom practices • refined and strengthened plans for ELs at the district-level, and • demonstrated potential to enable infrastructure, partnerships, and communities of practice within and across the six school districts involved. The final chapter of the report provides implications for school reform for improving EL outcomes including bolstering EL expertise in school reform efforts, implementing sustained and in-depth professional development, monitoring and supporting long-term reform efforts, and establishing partnerships and networks to develop, research and disseminate efforts.
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10

Olsen, Laurie, Kathryn Lindholm-Leary, Magaly Lavadenz, Elvira Armas, and Franca Dell'Olio. Pursuing Regional Opportunities for Mentoring, Innovation, and Success for English Learners (PROMISE) Initiative: A Three-Year Pilot Study Research Monograph. PROMISE INITIATIVE, February 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.15365/ceel.promise2010.

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The Pursuing Regional Opportunities for Mentoring, Innovation, and Success for English Learners (PROMISE) Initiative Research Monograph is comprised of four sub-studies that took place between 2006 and 2009 to examine the effectiveness of the PROMISE Initiative across six implementing counties. Beginning in 2002, the superintendents of the six Southern California County Offices of Education collaborated to examine the pattern of the alarmingly low academic performance of English learners (EL) across Los Angeles, Orange, San Bernardino, San Diego, Riverside, and Ventura. Together, these six counties serve over one million EL students, more than 66% of the total EL population in the state of California, and close to 20% of the EL population in the nation. Data were compiled for the six counties, research on effective programs for ELs was shared, and a common vision for the success of ELs began to emerge. Out of this effort, the PROMISE Initiative was created to uphold a critical vision that ensured that ELs achieved and sustained high levels of proficiency, high levels of academic achievement, sociocultural and multicultural competency, preparation for successful transition to higher education, successful preparation as a 21st century global citizen, and high levels of motivation, confidence, and self-assurance. This report is organized into six chapters: an introductory chapter, four chapters of related studies, and a summary chapter. The four studies were framed around four areas of inquiry: 1) What is the PROMISE model? 2) What does classroom implementation of the PROMISE model look like? 3) What leadership skills do principals at PROMISE schools need to lead transformative education for ELs? 4) What impact did PROMISE have on student learning and participation? Key findings indicate that the PROMISE Initiative: • resulted in positive change for ELs at all levels including achievement gains and narrowing of the gap between ELs and non-ELs • increased use of research-based classroom practices • refined and strengthened plans for ELs at the district-level, and • demonstrated potential to enable infrastructure, partnerships, and communities of practice within and across the six school districts involved. The final chapter of the report provides implications for school reform for improving EL outcomes including bolstering EL expertise in school reform efforts, implementing sustained and in-depth professional development, monitoring and supporting long-term reform efforts, and establishing partnerships and networks to develop, research and disseminate efforts.
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