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Journal articles on the topic 'Plate tectonics – Himalaya Mountains'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 January 2023

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1

Morley, Robert J. "Assembly and division of the South and South-East Asian flora in relation to tectonics and climate change." Journal of Tropical Ecology 34, no. 4 (2018): 209–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467418000202.

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Abstract:The main phases of plant dispersal into, and out of the South-East Asian region are discussed in relation to plate tectonics and changing climates. The South-East Asian area was a backwater of angiosperm evolution until the collision of the Indian Plate with Asia during the early Cenozoic. The Late Cretaceous remains poorly understood, but the Paleocene topography was mountainous, and the climate was probably seasonally dry, with the result that frost-tolerant conifers were common in upland areas and a low-diversity East Asian aspect flora occurred at low altitudes. India's drift into

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2

Feng, Han, Huayu Lu, Barbara Carrapa, et al. "Erosion of the Himalaya-Karakoram recorded by Indus Fan deposits since the Oligocene." Geology 49, no. 9 (2021): 1126–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g48445.1.

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Abstract The Cenozoic erosion history of the Himalaya-Karakoram, which is a function of tectonically driven uplift and monsoon climatic evolution in South Asia, remains elusive, especially prior to the Miocene. Here, we present a multiproxy geochemical and thermochronological analysis of the oldest samples available from the Arabian Sea, which we used to investigate the erosion history of the Himalayan and Karakoram orogenic system. The Indus Fan records rapid and sustained erosion of the Himalayan-Karakoram mountains from before 24 Ma (ca. 30) to ca. 16 Ma concurrent with changing provenance

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3

Manish, Kumar, and Maharaj K. Pandit. "Geophysical upheavals and evolutionary diversification of plant species in the Himalaya." PeerJ 6 (November 7, 2018): e5919. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5919.

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The Himalaya is one of the youngest and the loftiest mountain chains of the world; it is also referred to as the water tower of Asia. The Himalayan region harbors nearly 10,000 plant species constituting approximately 2.5% of the global angiosperm diversity of which over 4,000 are endemics. The present-day Himalayan flora consists of an admixture of immigrant taxa and diversified species over the last 40 million years. The interesting questions about the Himalayan flora discussed here are: how did the Himalaya achieve high endemic plant diversity starting with immigrant taxa and what were the

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4

Yangshen, Shi, Jia Chengzhao, Jia Dong, and Guo Lingzhi. "Plate tectonics of East Qinling Mountains, China." Tectonophysics 181, no. 1-4 (1990): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(90)90006-t.

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5

SHAH, Afroz Ahmad, and Nurhafizah MANAN. "Gravitational Tectonics versus Plate Tectonics in the Himalayan Intermontane Basins: NW Himalaya." Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition 95, S1 (2021): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1755-6724.14813.

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6

Şahin, Şakir, and Jülide Parlak. "The Determination of Subduction Geometry under the Aegean-Anatolian Plate along Aegean and Cyprean Arcs in the Eastern Mediterranean." International Journal of Advanced Engineering and Management Research 07, no. 04 (2022): 80–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.51505/ijaemr.2022.7407.

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The southwestern Anatolia is part of the Aegean extensional province, located in a seismically active convergent zone between the African and Eurasian Plates in the Eastern Mediterranean. This region is one of the most active and swiftly deforming domains of the Alpine–Himalayan mountain belt in Turkey. The plate boundary is shaped by the subduction of the African Plate under the Aegean-Anatolian plate consists of the Aegean and Cyprean arcs. The two separate slabs occurred along the plate border related to these arcs. These subducted slabs are separated by a gap beneath Western Anatolia. Thes

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Thakur, V. C., R. Jayangondaperumal, and V. Joevivek. "Seismotectonics of central and NW Himalaya: plate boundary–wedge thrust earthquakes in thin- and thick-skinned tectonic framework." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 481, no. 1 (2018): 41–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp481.8.

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AbstractThe tectonic framework of NW Himalaya is different from that of the central Himalaya with respect to the position of the Main Central Thrust and Higher Himalayan Crystalline and the Lesser and Sub Himalayan structures. The former is characterized by thick-skinned tectonics, whereas the thin-skinned model explains the tectonic evolution of the central Himalaya. The boundary between the two segments of Himalaya is recognized along the Ropar–Manali lineament fault zone. The normal convergence rate within the Himalaya decreases from c. 18 mm a−1 in the central to c. 15 mm a−1 in the NW seg

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8

Khan, Zahid Ali, Ram Chandra Tewari, and Rabindra Nath Hota. "Problems in Accepting Plate Tectonics and Subduction as a Mechanism of Himalaya Evolution." IOSR Journal of Applied Geology and Geophysics 05, no. 03 (2017): 81–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/0990-05030181100.

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9

Hughes, Nigel C., and Peter A. Jell. "Cambrian trilobite faunas from India: a multivariate and computer-graphic reappraisal and its paleogeographic implications." Paleontological Society Special Publications 6 (1992): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475262200007012.

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Cambrian trilobite faunas from northern India provide data critical for assessing earliest Phanerozoic paleogeography and for constraining tectonic models of Himalayan evolution. Previous investigations suggest that Indian Middle Cambrian trilobite faunas, collected from basins 500 km apart, are strikingly different. The Kashmir fauna, in the west, shows supposed faunal affinities with northern China, while the Spiti fauna, in the east, was considered of European affinity. This counterintuitive faunal distribution in adjacent basins might suggest that the area was made up of several micro-cont

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10

Wan, Bo, Xusong Yang, Xiaobo Tian, Huaiyu Yuan, Uwe Kirscher, and Ross N. Mitchell. "Seismological evidence for the earliest global subduction network at 2 Ga ago." Science Advances 6, no. 32 (2020): eabc5491. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abc5491.

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The earliest evidence for subduction, which could have been localized, does not signify when plate tectonics became a global phenomenon. To test the antiquity of global subduction, we investigated Paleoproterozoic time, for which seismic evidence is available from multiple continents. We used a new high-density seismic array in North China to image the crustal structure that exhibits a dipping Moho bearing close resemblance to that of the modern Himalaya. The relict collisional zone is Paleoproterozoic in age and implies subduction operating at least as early as ~2 billion years (Ga) ago. Seis

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CAVADAS, BENTO. "PLATE TECTONICS IN PORTUGUESE AND SPANISH SCIENCE TEXTBOOKS: FROM THE 1960s TO THE 1980s." Earth Sciences History 40, no. 2 (2021): 538–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/1944-6187-40.2.538.

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Plate tectonics caused a revolution within earth sciences which then was transposed into science textbooks. The main objective of this paper is to explore how plate tectonics influenced Portuguese and Spanish science textbooks published from the 1960s through the 1980s. For this purpose, a qualitative method based on the concept of didactic transposition is used. The didactic transposition of seafloor spreading evidence such as ridges, rifts and trenches, transform faults, seafloor sediments, the age of seafloor basaltic rocks, the magnetic anomalies on the seafloor, the Benioff zones and the

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Frost, B. Ronald, Carol D. Frost, Mary Cornia, Kevin R. Chamberlain, and Robert Kirkwood. "The Teton – Wind River domain: a 2.68–2.67 Ga active margin in the western Wyoming Province." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 43, no. 10 (2006): 1489–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e06-102.

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The Archean rocks in western Wyoming, including the Teton Range, the northern Wind River Range, and the western Owl Creek Mountains, preserve a record of a 2.68–2.67 Ga orogenic belt that has many of the hallmarks of modern plate tectonics. A 2683 Ma tholeiitic dike swarm is undeformed and unmetamorphosed in the western Owl Creek Mountains. In the Wind River Range, these dikes have been deformed and metamorphosed during thrusting along the west- to southwest-directed Mount Helen structural belt, which was active at the time that the 2.67 Ga Bridger batholith was emplaced. In the northern Teton

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West, Gordon F., Ron M. Farquhar, George D. Garland, Henry C. Halls, Lawrence W. Morley, and R. Don Russell. "John Tuzo Wilson: a man who moved mountains." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 51, no. 3 (2014): xvii—xxxi. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2013-0175.

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Fifty years ago, the world’s Earth Scientists experienced the so-called “Revolution in the Earth Sciences”. In the decade from 1960 to 1970, a massive convergence took place from many diverse and contradictory theories about the tectonic processes operating on Earth (then loosely called “mountain building”) to a single widely accepted paradigm now called Plate Tectonics. A major player in leading the international “Revolution” was Canadian geophysicist J. Tuzo Wilson. This tribute reviews how he helped define and promote the Plate Tectonic paradigm, and also, from 1946 to 1967, how he led a ra

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Takada, Youichiro, and Mitsuhiro Matsu'ura. "Geometric evolution of a plate interface-branch fault system: Its effect on tectonics in Himalaya." Himalayan Journal of Sciences 2, no. 4 (2008): 258. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hjs.v2i4.935.

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15

Stocklin, Jovan. "Developments in the geological exploration of Nepal." Journal of Nepal Geological Society 38 (November 2, 2008): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jngs.v38i0.32642.

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Prior to 1950, only sporadic geological observations by a few visitors were made in Nepal. With the opening of the country to foreigners in 1950, Nepal soon came into the focus of interest in Himalayan geology. It was the time of the classical "descriptive geology" with mapping as the primary objective. Several excellent monographs and the first geological maps of different parts of the Nepal Himalaya were produced. The best results were obtained in the richly fossiliferous "Tibetan" sedimentary zone in the north, whereas descriptions of the Central Crystalline zone and of the thick, unfossili

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Kusumayudha, Sari Bahagiarti, and Heru Sigit Purwanto. "Enormous Mass Movements, and Gravitational Tectonics Model of the North Serayu Mountains, Karangkobar Area, Banjarnegara Regency, Central Java, Indonesia." International Journal of Geology and Earth Sciences 6, no. 1 (2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijges.6.1.1-8.

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North Serayu Mountains in the Central Java province, Indonesia, stretches with west - east axis, bordered by Slamet volcano to the Bogor Mountains in the west, and delimited by Ungaran volcano to the Kendeng Mountains in the east. In the north of these mountains there is coastal alluvial plain of Java, and in the south there is a depression zone of River Serayu. Overall geomorphostructures of the North Serayu Mountains form a faulted anticlinorium, which one of its flank relatively dipping to the south. In the bottom part of this ranges are such plastic, clastic, clayey sedimentary rocks, Eoce

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Ollier, C. D., and C. F. Pain. "Neotectonic mountain uplift and geomorphology." Geomorphology RAS, no. 4 (November 8, 2019): 3–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0435-4281201943-26.

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Mountains are topographic features caused by erosion after vertical uplift or mountain building. Mountain building is often confused with orogeny, which today means the formation of structures in fold belts. The common assumption that folding and mountain building go together is generally untrue. Many mountains occur in unfolded rocks, granites and volcanic rocks, so there is no direct association of folding and mountain building. In those places where mountains are underlain by folded rocks the folding pre-dates planation and uplift. The age of mountains is therefore not the age of the last f

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18

Costa, Danilo Mosca da, and Edson Roberto Souza. "Conceptions of mountain formation, foulding, fault and the continental drift in geography textbooks between the decades of 1930 to 1960." Terrae Didatica 14, no. 4 (2018): 349–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/td.v14i4.8654094.

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The conceptions about the origins of mountains, faults, folds or relief are very different if we compare didactic books of Geog-raphy published before and after the elaboration of Plates Tectonics theory. In this article, it was analyzed didactic books from first grade education, which is currently equivalent to the 6th grade of Elementary School 2, published between 1933 until 1961. Obviously, within this article, Plate tectonics theory had not yet been elaborated. However, the academic world was already fa-miliar with the Continental Drift theory, an innovative proposal elaborated at the beg

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Bhargava, O. N. "Holocene tectonics south of the Indus Suture, Lahaul-Ladakh Himalaya, India: a consequence of Indian Plate motion." Tectonophysics 174, no. 3-4 (1990): 315–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(90)90328-6.

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20

Puniya, M. K., R. C. Patel, and P. D. Pant. "Structural and thermochronological studies of the Almora klippe, Kumaun, NW India: implications for crustal thickening and exhumation of the NW Himalaya." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 481, no. 1 (2018): 81–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp481-2017-74.

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AbstractCrystalline klippen over the Lesser Himalayan Metasedimentary Sequence (LHMS) zone in the NW Himalaya have specific syn- and post-emplacement histories. These tectonics also provide a means to understand the driving factors responsible for the exhumation of the rocks of crystalline klippen during the Himalayan Orogeny. New meso- and microscale structural analyses, and thermochronological studies across the LHMS zone, Ramgarh Thrust (RT) sheet and Almora klippe in the eastern Kumaun region, NW Himalaya, indicate that the RT sheet and Almora klippe were a part of the Higher Himalayan Cry

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Jadoon, Umar Farooq, Baochun Huang, Qian Zhao, Syed Anjum Shah, and Yasin Rahim. "Remagnetization of Jutal dykes in Gilgit area of the Kohistan Island Arc: Perspectives from the India–Asia collision." Geophysical Journal International 226, no. 1 (2021): 33–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggab091.

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SUMMARY The Kohistan Island Arc (KIA) occupies the northwestern region of the Himalayan Mountains, sandwiched between Asia and India plates. Its formation, collision with plate boundaries, and evolution has been controversially discussed for a couple of decades. To better understand this, a palaeomagnetic study has been conducted on the Jutal dykes (ca. 75 Ma), intruded in the northeastern part of the KIA. Comprehensive rock magnetic investigations reveal that the magnetic carrier minerals are pyrrhotite and magnetite. An intermediate temperature component (ITC) predominates the natural remane

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Zui, Vladimir I., Dmitriy N. Andreyev, and Khikmatilla Kh Rakhmatullayev. "Heat flow of Uzbekistan: geology and interpretation." Journal of the Belarusian State University. Geography and Geology, no. 1 (May 29, 2020): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.33581/2521-6740-2020-1-95-105.

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The first determinations of the heat flow density in Uzbekistan, as well as in Central Asia as a whole, were carried out in the middle 1960s. In subsequent years, many researchers, primarily in connection with the search and exploration of oil and natural gas deposits, studied the geothermal field of the region. The data accumulated to date show a significant heterogeneity of the thermal field in both Uzbekistan and the adjacent territory of Central Asia. Rare wells were studied in the desert areas of Kyzyl Kum and Kara Kum. The heat flow in Uzbekistan varies over a wide range from 20–30 to ap

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Gupta, Sandeep, P. Mahesh, Nagaraju Kanna, K. Sivaram, and Ajay Paul. "3-D seismic velocity structure of the Kumaun–Garhwal (Central) Himalaya: insight into the Main Himalayan Thrust and earthquake occurrence." Geophysical Journal International 229, no. 1 (2021): 138–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggab449.

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SUMMARY Objective assessment of seismic hazard and understanding of the Himalayan arc's tectonics requires detailed information on the crustal structure and geometry of the underthrusting Indian Plate beneath the Himalaya. Here, we present high-resolution 3-D P-wave velocity (Vp) and P-to-S-wave velocity ratio (Vp/Vs) images of the Kumaun–Garhwal Himalaya, a proposed potential region for the future great earthquake. We generate these images by inverting arrival times of 515 local earthquakes recorded by 41 broad-band stations during November 2006–June 2008. The tomographic images show a hetero

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Haque, Md Masidul, and Mrinal Kanti Roy. "Geology and sedimentary environment of the Surma Group of rocks, Bandarban anticline, Bandarban, Bangladesh." Journal of Nepal Geological Society 62 (September 14, 2021): 88–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jngs.v62i0.38697.

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The study illustrates the effect of tectonics, climate, and relative sea-level change on the depositional process of the Miocene Bhuban and Boka Bil Formation of Bengal Basin. Outcrop sediments of five transverse sections exposed along the axial zone of Bandarban anticline were studied. Twelve lithofacies such as Gm, Gms, Sm, ST, Sp, Sr, Sl, Sf, Sll, Fw, Fl and Fm have been identified within the successions and grouped into (i) turbidite generated, (ii) outer fan distal lobe basin plain and (iii) tide-influenced facies association. The analyses reveal that the Bhuban Formation was turbidite- g

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Lodes, Emma, Nancy R. Riggs, Michael E. Smith, and Paul Stone. "Cordilleran Subduction Initiation: Retroarc Timing and Basinal Response in the Inyo Mountains, Eastern California." Lithosphere 2020, no. 1 (2020): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/2020/9406113.

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Abstract Subduction zones drive plate tectonics on Earth, yet subduction initiation and the related upper plate depositional and structural kinematics remain poorly understood because upper plate records are rare and often strongly overprinted by magmatism and deformation. During the late Paleozoic time, Laurentia’s western margin was truncated by a sinistral strike-slip fault that transformed into a subduction zone. Thick Permian strata in the Inyo Mountains of central-eastern California record this transition. Two basins that were separated by a transpressional antiform contain sedimentary l

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Dullo, Wolf-Christian, and Fritz A. Pfaffl. "The theory of undercurrent from the Austrian alpine geologist Otto Ampferer (1875–1947): first conceptual ideas on the way to plate tectonics." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 56, no. 11 (2019): 1095–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2018-0157.

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In his paper “Über das Bewegungsbild von Faltengebirgen” [On the movement pattern of folded mountains], published in the almanac of the Austrian Geological Survey in Vienna, Otto Ampferer from Innsbruck (Austria) presented a series of geotectonic considerations and interpretations, which today are summarized under the term “theory of undercurrent”. The interpretation of these processes occurring in the deep crust of the Earth and in the upper mantle was mainly kinematic. For a long time, the tectonic passivity of the magma being anorogenic was dogma until Ampferer’s undercurrent theory changed

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Rastbood, A., and B. Voosoghi. "Extension and slip rate partitioning in NW Iran constrained by GPS measurements." Journal of Geodetic Science 1, no. 4 (2011): 286–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10156-011-0008-9.

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Extension and slip rate partitioning in NW Iran constrained by GPS measurementsConvergence of 22±2 mm yr-1 between the northward motion of the Arabian Plate relative to Eurasia at N8° ±5° E is accommodated by a combination of thrust and strike-slip faults in different parts of Iran. Dislocation modeling is used to examine the GPS data for this part of the Alpine-Himalayan mountain belt with more concentration in NW Iran. First, the vectors due to known Arabia-Eurasia rotation are reproduced by introducing structures that approximate the large-scale tectonics of the Middle East. Observed featur

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Searle, Michael P., Alan G. Cherry, Mohammed Y. Ali, and David J. W. Cooper. "Tectonics of the Musandam Peninsula and northern Oman Mountains: From ophiolite obduction to continental collision." GeoArabia 19, no. 2 (2014): 135–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/geoarabia1902137.

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ABSTRACT The tectonics of the Musandam Peninsula in northern Oman shows a transition between the Late Cretaceous ophiolite emplacement related tectonics recorded along the Oman Mountains and Dibba Zone to the SE and the Late Cenozoic continent-continent collision tectonics along the Zagros Mountains in Iran to the northwest. Three stages in the continental collision process have been recognized. Stage one involves the emplacement of the Semail Ophiolite from NE to SW onto the Mid-Permian–Mesozoic passive continental margin of Arabia. The Semail Ophiolite shows a lower ocean ridge axis suite of

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Kayal, J. R. "Microseismicity and source mechanism study: Shillong Plateau, northeast India." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 77, no. 1 (1987): 184–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/bssa0770010184.

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Abstract Microearthquakes recorded by two surveys in the Shillong Plateau during December 1982-July 1983 and January-February 1984, respectively, have been analyzed for seismicity and tectonic study in the region. Of 1,000 events recorded during the surveys, 180 events with reliable P and S readings (which are observed within 50 km radius of the network), are relocated by the homogeneous station method. It is found that the events are mostly confined within a depth range of 10 to 35 km. The seismicity, in general, may be correlated with the major geological structure/lineaments in the area. Hi

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Terhune, Patrick J., Jeffrey A. Benowitz, Jeffrey M. Trop, Paul B. O’Sullivan, Robert J. Gillis, and Jeffrey T. Freymueller. "Cenozoic tectono-thermal history of the southern Talkeetna Mountains, Alaska: Insights into a potentially alternating convergent and transform plate margin." Geosphere 15, no. 5 (2019): 1539–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/ges02008.1.

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Abstract The Mesozoic–Cenozoic convergent margin history of southern Alaska has been dominated by arc magmatism, terrane accretion, strike-slip fault systems, and possible spreading-ridge subduction. We apply 40Ar/39Ar, apatite fission-track (AFT), and apatite (U-Th)/He (AHe) geochronology and thermochronology to plutonic and volcanic rocks in the southern Talkeetna Mountains of Alaska to document regional magmatism, rock cooling, and inferred exhumation patterns as proxies for the region’s deformation history and to better delineate the overall tectonic history of southern Alaska. High-temper

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Jameossanaie, Abolfazl, and Nancy Lindsley‐Griffin. "Palynology and plate tectonics — a case study on cretaceous terrestrial sediments in the eastern Klamath mountains of northern California, U.S.A." Palynology 17, no. 1 (1993): 11–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01916122.1993.9989417.

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Dworczak, Patrycja G., and Piotr Szrek. "The Late Devonian placoderm <i>Aspidichthys</i> Newberry, 1873 from the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland." Fossil Record 20, no. 1 (2016): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/fr-20-9-2016.

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Abstract. The reported placoderm remains from the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland, belong to the species Aspidichthys ingens Koenen, 1883. This study focuses on the material described in the past from Wietrznia Quarry but the new specimens were also collected form Kowala and Płucki localities. All specimens presented here differ from others described in the past, mainly by having smaller tubercles and possessing a distinctive crest in the anterior median part of the median dorsal plate, but did not allow the erection of a new taxon. Based on conodont assemblage, all specimens are attributed to a

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Ni, James, and Muawia Barazangi. "Active tectonics of the western tethyan himalaya above the underthrusting indian plate: The upper sutlej river basin as a pull-apart structure." Tectonophysics 112, no. 1-4 (1985): 277–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(85)90183-0.

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Bader, Jeffrey W. "Does the Owl Creek fault zone of north-central Wyoming extend to the Black Hills of South Dakota? Implications for basement architecture of the Wyoming Province." Mountain Geologist 58, no. 1 (2021): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31582/rmag.mg.58.1.27.

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The North Owl Creek fault is an E–W-striking, basement-rooted Laramide structure located in the Owl Creek Mountains of north-central Wyoming that likely has Precambrian origins. It is defined by a rectilinear zone of deformation that extends eastward into the subsurface where it is postulated to intersect the Kaycee fault zone of the western Powder River Basin, and perhaps extends into western South Dakota along the Dewey fault zone. Several localized basement-rooted wrench zones have been identified in the foreland of the North American Cordillera; however, identification of more regional zon

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Frost, Carol D., Benjamin L. Fruchey, Kevin R. Chamberlain, and B. Ronald Frost. "Archean crustal growth by lateral accretion of juvenile supracrustal belts in the south-central Wyoming Province." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 43, no. 10 (2006): 1533–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e06-092.

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Neoarchean supracrustal sequences in the south-central Wyoming Province are exposed as relatively small belts in Laramide uplifts. Some sequences are composed of materials derived mainly from pre-existing Wyoming province crust, but others are dominated by juvenile components. The latter include the Miners Delight Formation in the Wind River Range, the Rattlesnake Hills Group in the Granite Mountains, and the Bradley Peak succession in the Seminoe Mountains. U–Pb zircon dates from interbedded metavolcanic rocks suggest that these supracrustal belts are of at least two different ages: ca. 2.67

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Shahpasandzadeh, Majid, Hemin Koyi, and Faramarz Nilfouroushan. "The significance of switch in convergence direction in the Alborz Mountains, northern Iran: Insights from scaled analogue modeling." Interpretation 5, no. 1 (2017): SD81—SD98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2016-0117.1.

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The switch in direction of convergence between Central Iran and the Eurasian Plate is believed to have a significant impact on the structural style in the Alborz Mountains, in the north of Iran. To understand the deformation pattern and investigate the influence of the South Caspian Basin kinematics since the middle Miocene on the structural styles and active tectonics of the Alborz Mountains, a series of scaled analogue models were prepared, in which passively layered loose sand simulating the sedimentary units were subjected to orthogonal and subsequently oblique shortening by a rigid indent

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Fookes, P. G. "Quaternary engineering geology." Geological Society, London, Engineering Geology Special Publications 7, no. 1 (1991): 73–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.eng.1991.007.01.04.

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SummaryThe geological and geomorphological effects on the Earth’s surface during the Quaternary have been both extensive and profound. An attempt has been made to simplify and summarize these effects by considering the principal agencies at work during the Quaternary: plate tectonics, rapidly rising sea levels, rapidly falling sea levels, rapidly cooling climates and rapidly warming climates.The resulting series of major glacial and interglacial episodes have had far-reaching consequences for the engineering characteristics of the Earth’s surface. In attempting to summarize these major omissio

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Karplus, Marianne S., Mohan Pant, Soma Nath Sapkota, et al. "A Rapid Response Network to Record Aftershocks of the 2015 M 7.8 Gorkha Earthquake in Nepal." Seismological Research Letters 91, no. 4 (2020): 2399–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0220190394.

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Abstract The Himalaya has experienced large damaging earthquakes over the past few centuries, most recently the damaging 25 April 2015 M 7.8 Gorkha earthquake in Nepal. Because of the continued earthquake risk presented by the continental collisional plate boundary at the Main Himalayan thrust and the high population densities in the region, collecting and processing data related to recent large earthquakes in this region is critically important for improving our understanding of the regional tectonics and earthquake hazard. Following the 2015 Gorkha earthquake, we deployed a National Science

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Powerman, Vladislav, Richard Hanson, Anna Nosova, Gary H. Girty, Jeremy Hourigan, and Andrei Tretiakov. "Nature and timing of Late Devonian–early Mississippian island-arc magmatism in the Northern Sierra terrane and implications for regional Paleozoic plate tectonics." Geosphere 16, no. 1 (2019): 258–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/ges02105.1.

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Abstract The Northern Sierra terrane is one of a series of Paleozoic terranes outboard of the western Laurentian margin that contain lithotectonic elements generally considered to have originated in settings far removed from their present relative locations. The Lower to Middle Paleozoic Shoo Fly Complex makes up the oldest rocks in the terrane and consists partly of thrust-imbricated deep-marine sedimentary strata having detrital zircon age signatures consistent with derivation from the northwestern Laurentian margin. The thrust package is structurally overlain by the Sierra City mélange, whi

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Chengzao, Jia. "Geochemistry and Tectonics of the Xionger Group in the Eastern Qinling Mountains of China—a mid Proterozoic Volcanic arc Related to Plate Subduction." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 33, no. 1 (1987): 436–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.1987.033.01.30.

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Trop, Jeffrey M., Kenneth D. Ridgway, Arthur R. Sweet, and Paul W. Layer. "Submarine fan deposystems and tectonics of a Late Cretaceous forearc basin along an accretionary convergent plate boundary, MacColl Ridge Formation, Wrangell Mountains, Alaska." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 36, no. 3 (1999): 433–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e98-103.

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Analysis of Upper Cretaceous sedimentary and volcanic strata in the Wrangell Mountains of south-central Alaska provides an opportunity to study the tectonics, depositional systems, and provenance of a forearc basin that developed along an accretionary convergent plate boundary. New data from the 1150 m thick MacColl Ridge Formation indicate that deposition occurred during the Campanian on a coarse-grained submarine fan that was derived from an uplifted allochthonous terrane exposed in the hanging wall of a fault system that separated the forearc basin from the subduction complex. New age contr

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SEARLE, MIKE, RICHARD I. CORFIELD, BEN STEPHENSON, and JOE MCCARRON. "Structure of the North Indian continental margin in the Ladakh–Zanskar Himalayas: implications for the timing of obduction of the Spontang ophiolite, India–Asia collision and deformation events in the Himalaya." Geological Magazine 134, no. 3 (1997): 297–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756897006857.

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The collision of India and Asia can be defined as a process that started with the closing of the Tethyan ocean that, during Mesozoic and early Tertiary times, separated the two continental plates. Following initial contact of Indian and Asian continental crust, the Indian plate continued its northward drift into Asia, a process which continues to this day. In the Ladakh–Zanskar Himalaya the youngest marine sediments, both in the Indus suture zone and along the northern continental margin of India, are lowermost Eocene Nummulitic limestones dated at ∼54 Ma. Along the north Indian shelf margin,

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Yang, Jie, Qiang Zhu, Zuoxun Zeng, and Le Wan. "Zircon U–Pb ages and Hf isotope compositions of the Neoproterozoic magmatic rocks in the Helan Mountains, North China." Geological Magazine 156, no. 12 (2019): 2104–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756819000347.

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AbstractThe periodic dispersal and assembly of continental fragments has been an inherent feature of the continental crust. Based on the discovery of large-scale supercontinent cycle and the theory of plate tectonics, several supercontinents have been identified, such as Columbia/Nuna, Rodinia, Gondwana and Pangaea. Neoproterozoic magmatic events related to the break-up of Rodinia are globally well preserved. Although Neoproterozoic magmatic events were very weak in the North China Craton (NCC), they are crucial in reconstructing the geometries of the NCC and could facilitate the completion of

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Francaviglia, Richard. "On the Margins of Science and Civilization: W. K. Gordon's 1895 Geological Reconnaissance in the Trans-Pecos Borderlands." Earth Sciences History 27, no. 1 (2008): 113–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.27.1.p456t258862533w9.

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In 1895, self-trained mining engineer William K. Gordon, Sr (1862-1949) conducted a geological reconnaissance trip to far West Texas in search of coal deposits. A report from that trip reveals how Gordon's training in geology (acquired largely through reading) and his intrinsic interest in stratigraphy and geomorphology helped him effectively advise the Texas and Pacific Coal Company about the bleak prospects there. In 2005, using Gordon's never-before consulted field report, the author retraced, or rather re-hiked, Gordon's route. Gordon's report features hand-drawn maps and a geological cros

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LEELANANDAM, C., K. BURKE, L. D. ASHWAL, and S. J. WEBB. "Proterozoic mountain building in Peninsular India: an analysis based primarily on alkaline rock distribution." Geological Magazine 143, no. 2 (2006): 195–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756805001664.

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Peninsular India was assembled into a continental block c. 3 million km2 in area as a result of collisions throughout the length of a 4000 km long S-shaped mountain belt that was first recognized from the continuity of strike of highly deformed Proterozoic granulites and gneisses. More recently the recognition of a variety of tectonic indicators, including occurrences of ophiolitic slivers, Andean-margin type rocks, a collisional rift and a foreland basin, as well as many structural and isotopic age studies have helped to clarify the history of this Great Indian Proterozoic Fold Belt. We here

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IMMENHAUSER, ADRIAN, GUIDO SCHREURS, EDWIN GNOS, HEIKO W. OTERDOOM, and BERNHARD HARTMANN. "Late Palaeozoic to Neogene geodynamic evolution of the northeastern Oman margin." Geological Magazine 137, no. 1 (2000): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800003526.

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When the highlands of Arabia were still covered with an ice shield in the latest Carboniferous/Early Permian period, separation of Gondwana started. This led to the creation of the Batain basin (part of the early Indian Ocean), off the northeastern margin of Oman. The rifting reactivated an Infra-Cambrian rift shoulder along the northeastern Oman margin and detritus from this high was shed into the interior Oman basin. Whereas carbonate platform deposits became widespread along the margin of the Neo-Tethys (northern rim of Oman), drifting and oceanization of the Batain basin started only in La

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Özer, Çağlar. "Coda Wave Spatial Variation in Eastern Anatolia, Turkey." Brilliant Engineering 3, no. 2 (2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.36937/ben.2022.4639.

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Eastern Anatolia is a tectonically active area, where continent-to-continent collision and accretion processes are shaping the crust and leading to high seismic characteristics. The main motivation of this research is to calculate the Coda Wave Spatial Variation in the depth and horizontal plane using 3438 events recorded by 26 seismic stations. The Coda Q features from 1 to 16 Hz are computed for various lapse times, which determine the coda waves depth distribution. The contours of Q-variation in the regional crust at different depths are obtained. The Coda-Q values range from ~180±120 at 1

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Herndon, J. Marvin. "Philosophical Reflections on Facilitating Paradigm Shifts." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 8, no. 10 (2021): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.810.11031.

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A paradigm shift by definition is a major change in scientific understanding that upends and replaces a prior paradigm. Over the past 47 years, I have made a number of paradigm shifts in the geosciences, planetary sciences, and astrophysical sciences. These include the composition of the inner core and deep interior of Earth, recognizing that Earth’s early formation as a Jupiter-like gas giant makes it possible to derive virtually all the geological and geodynamic behavior of our planet, including the origin of mountains characterized by folding, the primary initiation of fjords and submarine

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Ludman, Allan, John T. Hopeck, and Henry N. Berry IV. "Provenance and paleogeography of post-Middle Ordovician, pre-Devonian sedimentary basins on the Gander composite terrane, eastern and east-central Maine: implications for Silurian tectonics in the northern Appalachians." Atlantic Geology 53 (March 16, 2017): 063–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4138/atlgeol.2017.003.

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Recent mapping in eastern and east-central Maine addresses long-standing regional correlation issues and permits reconstruction of post-Middle Ordovician, pre-Devonian paleogeography of sedimentary basins on the Ganderian composite terrane. Two major Late Ordovician-Silurian depocenters are recognized in eastern Maine and western New Brunswick separated by an emergent Miramichi terrane: the Fredericton trough to the southeast and a single basin comprising the Central Maine and Aroostook-Matapedia sequences to the northwest. This Central Maine/Aroostook-Matapedia (CMAM) basin received sediment

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Grace, Rashmi LB, Kevin R. Chamberlain, B. Ronald Frost, and Carol D. Frost. "Tectonic histories of the Paleo- to Mesoarchean Sacawee block and Neoarchean Oregon Trail structural belt of the south-central Wyoming Province." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 43, no. 10 (2006): 1445–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e06-083.

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The Sacawee block is a narrow belt of Paleo- to Mesoarchean crust that extends for ~70 km across the northern Granite Mountains. It is composed of the ~3.3 Ga Sacawee orthogneiss, additional calc-alkalic and tonalitic orthogneisses, and the ~2.86 Ga Barlow Gap Group. The Sacawee block basement is characterized by negative εNd values and Paleoarchean Nd crustal residence model ages. A broad east–west-trending zone of Neoarchean high strain, which is part of the Oregon Trail structural belt, transects the Sacawee block and was studied at two locations, the Beulah Belle Lake area and West Sage He

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