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1
Bresnahan, Timothy, and Shane Greenstein. "Mobile Computing: The Next Platform Rivalry." American Economic Review 104, no. 5 (May 1, 2014): 475–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.104.5.475.
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Competition to become one of several dominant mobile platforms is intense. Platforms compete for developers, who create applications which make the platform valuable for users. Why doesn't one form of platform governance emerge as superior? This essay will stress the reasons for differentiation and proposes a new argument linked to a platform's “hierarchy.” Hierarchical governance features can help at one moment but then get in the way at a later time. These arguments are illustrated by different approaches to platform governance taken by the major mobile platform sponsors of recent years.
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Dras, Michał, Grzegorz Fila, and Małgorzata Plechawska-Wójcik. "Analysis of Xamarin capabilities for building mobile multi-platform applications." Journal of Computer Sciences Institute 7 (September 30, 2018): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/jcsi.675.
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The article presents Xamarin platform which is used to create cross-platform application for Android, iOS, MacOS and Universal Windows Platform. This article shows Xamarin platform and a test application that has been used to investigate platform's capabilities and effectiveness in creating multi-platform applications. Inspections prove that Xamarin allows to create multi-platform applications in a more effective way without losing too much on performance of these applications on individual platforms and systems.
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Junlai, Li, Xie Yonghe, Wu Weiguo, and Zhang Chi. "Analysis of the Dynamic Response of Offshore Floating Wind Power Platforms in Waves." Polish Maritime Research 27, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pomr-2020-0062.
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Abstract Floating wind power platforms are in constant motion due to waves when deployed at sea. This motion directly affects the stability and safety of the platform. Therefore, it is very important to study the laws governing the platform’s dynamic response. In this paper, the dynamic characteristics of an offshore floating wind power platform were analysed under nine different sets of operating conditions using a numerical calculation method. Following this, a scaled 1:50 platform model was tested in a tank. Model tests were carried out with different wave conditions, and dynamic response data for the platform were measured and analysed. The hydrodynamic variation rules of floating wind power generation platform in waves were obtained. Some effective measures for maintain the stability and safety of wind power platforms are put forward that can provide a reference for dynamic stability research and the design of floating wind power platforms in the future.
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Saarikko, Ted, Katrin Jonsson, and Thommie Burström. "Software platform establishment: effectuation and entrepreneurial awareness." Information Technology & People 32, no. 3 (June 3, 2019): 579–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/itp-11-2016-0285.
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Purpose Faced with environments rife with technological uncertainties, software platforms have gained interest as enablers of innovative businesses and development processes. While extant research has focused on mature platforms, the authors know less about the early phases in a platform’s life cycle. Drawing inspiration from the effectual perspective on entrepreneurship, the purpose of this paper is to further the understanding of how software platforms are established. Design/methodology/approach The authors develop a framework that describes four types of entrepreneurial awareness and then apply it to a qualitative case study of a platform that has emerged from the initial “creation” phase and is now in a period of rapid growth. Findings The study indicates that successful establishment of a software platform depends upon the provider’s ability to integrate business acumen with technical proficiency and leverage these combined skills to ensure short-term viability and long-term relevance in the market. Research limitations/implications This paper contributes to literature on platform strategy, which has previously focused on mature platforms, by addressing entrepreneurial behavior during a software platform’s establishment. As it is based on a single qualitative study, additional studies of different platforms are needed to verify the results. Originality/value The paper highlights the dependence of software platform establishment on the ability to enact both explorative and exploitative activity patterns, and embrace both strategic foresight and systemic insight cognitive patterns. The combined patterns of activity and cognition form four types of awareness, pertaining to markets, resources, technology and contexts.
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Love, Milton S. "Fishes and invertebrates of oil and gas platforms off California: an introduction and summary." Bulletin of Marine Science 95, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): 463–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5343/bms.2019.0043.
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This paper serves as an introduction to a symposium on the role that California oil and gas platforms serve as habitats for fishes and invertebrates. As of 2019, there are 27 platforms in state and federal waters off California, and the decommissioning of some of these platforms is imminent. Thus, consideration of whether to completely remove a platform or cut it off at some depth below the sea surface and retain the submerged portion as a reef is a decision that will occur in the near future. The objectives of the 10 papers in this dedicated issue of the Bulletin of Marine Science are to: (1) increase scientific understanding of the inter- and intrarelationships of fish and invertebrate populations at offshore oil and gas platforms and natural reefs within the Southern California Bight; (2) determine the extent of influence of platform assemblages on southern California and the Pacific coast populations of fishes and invertebrates; and (3) synthesize relevant reports, existing peer-reviewed literature, and new data analyses into a single peer-reviewed reference. This introductory paper contains a synopsis of all extant California platforms including information on: (1) the original operator, (2) the current operator of records, (3) the date the platform was installed, (4) the first production date, (5) the platform's distance from shore [including whether it is state or outer continental shelf (OCS) waters], (6) the bottom depth of the platform, (7) the number of well slots, (8) the number of conductors, (9) what the platform produces (oil and/or gas), (10) the platform jacket dimensions [generally at the seafloor (bottom)], (11) the platform's footprint, (12) the midwater surface area, (13) the total removal weight, (14) the platform location, (15) the shell mound size, (16) the shell mound volume, (17) the shell mound height, (18) the center of the shell mound location, and (19) the bottom slope. In addition, we present an overview of all previous research on the biology and ecology of California platform organisms.
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Duguay, Stefanie, Jean Burgess, and Nicolas Suzor. "Queer women’s experiences of patchwork platform governance on Tinder, Instagram, and Vine." Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies 26, no. 2 (June 19, 2018): 237–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354856518781530.
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Leaked documents, press coverage, and user protests have increasingly drawn attention to social media platforms’ seemingly contradictory governance practices. We investigate the governance approaches of Tinder, Instagram, and Vine through detailed analyses of each platform, using the ‘walkthrough method’ (Light, Burgess, and Duguay, 2016 The walkthrough method: An approach to the study of apps. New Media & Society 20(3).), as well as interviews with their queer female users. Across these three platforms, we identify a common approach we call ‘patchwork platform governance’: one that relies on formal policies and content moderation mechanisms but pays little attention to dominant platform technocultures (including both developer cultures and cultures of use) and their sustaining architectures. Our analysis of these platforms and reported user experiences shows that formal governance measures like Terms of Service and flagging mechanisms did not protect users from harassment, discrimination, and censorship. Key components of the platforms’ architectures, including cross-platform connectivity, hashtag filtering, and algorithmic recommendation systems, reinforced these technocultures. This significantly limited queer women’s ability to participate and be visible on these platforms, as they often self-censored to avoid harassment, reduced the scope of their activities, or left the platform altogether. Based on these findings, we argue that there is a need for platforms to take more systematic approaches to governance that comprehensively consider the role of a platform’s architecture in shaping and sustaining dominant technocultures.
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Benlian, Alexander, Daniel Hilkert, and Thomas Hess. "How open is this Platform? The Meaning and Measurement of Platform Openness from the Complementers’ Perspective." Journal of Information Technology 30, no. 3 (September 2015): 209–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/jit.2015.6.
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Software platforms’ success largely depends on complementors’ willingness to repeatedly invest their time and effort to the development of platform applications that attract users and increase the platform's installed base. But how can platform providers encourage desirable behaviours by complementors (i.e., application developers) in the absence of formal roles and hierarchical control structures? Although previous studies of software-based platforms have identified openness as critical instrument at the macro (i.e., platform) level and have provided initial attempts to measure the construct, no research has been dedicated to comprehensively conceptualize and operationalize platform openness at the micro level from the perspective of application developers. To go beyond these preliminary findings and to theorize about the nature and effects of platform openness as perceived by application developers, we develop a construct called perceived platform openness (PPO). Drawing on recently advanced scale development methodologies, we conceptualize PPO as a multidimensional construct and empirically validate it with important consequent variables linked to developers’ continuous platform contributions. Empirical evidence from several rounds of qualitative and quantitative steps supports the conceptual validity of the construct and empirical relevance of the scale across different smartphone platform contexts (i.e., Apple iOS and Google Android). Researchers will benefit from the study's systematic and comprehensive conceptualization of PPO, how it is measured, and how it relates to critical application developer beliefs and attitudes. Platform managers may use our results to target the underlying facets of PPO most likely to contribute to the platform's long-term goals.
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Fuster Morell, Mayo, Ricard Espelt, and Melissa Renau Cano. "Sustainable Platform Economy: Connections with the Sustainable Development Goals." Sustainability 12, no. 18 (September 16, 2020): 7640. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12187640.
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The platform economy is growing exponentially while creating expectations for its potential to contribute to a sustainable development. However, research aimed at showing the potential contribution of each platform’s business model to sustainable development is needed. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are driving the policy agenda, but it remains unclear how far they encourage a sustainable platform economy. First, this article aims to study how each different type of platform contributes to sustainable development. Second, it analyses if and how the factors that contribute to the sustainable design of platforms are considered in SDGs. The paper departs from a framework of sustainable democratic qualities of the platform economy that considers governance, economic sustainability, technological and data policies, social responsibility, and external impact dimensions. The study is based on an empirical analysis of 60 platforms. The results show that a sustainable design of a platform economy promotes sustainable development. Furthermore, the contributions of the sustainable dimensions of a platform to SDGs are mainly connected to the impact and responsibility and the economic model, but governance and data dimensions are not present in the SDGs. This suggests that SDGs should improve their digital perspective to intertwine better with the sustainable platforms.
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Musto, Jiri, and Ajantha Dahanayake. "An Approach to Improve the Quality of User-Generated Content of Citizen Science Platforms." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 7 (June 25, 2021): 434. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10070434.
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The quality of the user-generated content of citizen science platforms has been discussed widely among researchers. Content is categorized into data and information: data is content stored in a database of a citizen science platform, while information is context-dependent content generated by users. Understanding data and information quality characteristics and utilizing them during design improves citizen science platforms’ overall quality. This research investigates the integration of data and information quality characteristics into a citizen science platform for collecting information from the general public with no scientific training in the area where content is collected. The primary goal is to provide a framework for selecting and integrating data and information quality characteristics into the design for improving the content quality on platforms. The design and implementation of a citizen science platform that collects walking path conditions are presented, and the resulting implication is evaluated. The results show that the platform’s content quality can be improved by introducing quality characteristics during the design stage of the citizen science platform.
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Nieborg, David B., and Anne Helmond. "The political economy of Facebook’s platformization in the mobile ecosystem: Facebook Messenger as a platform instance." Media, Culture & Society 41, no. 2 (December 17, 2018): 196–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0163443718818384.
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Facebook’s usage has reached a point that the platform’s infrastructural ambitions are to be taken very seriously. To understand the company’s evolution in the age of mobile media, we critically engage with the political economy of platformization. This article puts forward a conceptual framework and methodological apparatus to study Facebook’s economic growth and expanding platform boundaries in the mobile ecosystem through an analysis of the Facebook Messenger app. Through financial and institutional analysis, we examine Messenger’s business dimension and draw on platform studies and information systems research to survey its technical dimension. By retracing how Facebook, through Messenger, operationalizes platform power, this article attempts to bridge the gap between these various disciplines by demonstrating how platforms emerge and how their apps may evolve into platforms of their own, thereby gaining infrastructural properties. It is argued that Messenger functions as a ‘platform instance’ that facilitates transactions with a wide range of institutions within the boundaries of the app and far beyond.
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Wittenbeck, Leszek, Szymon Milecki, and Grażyna Barna. "Platforma Stewarta-Gougha jako układ ruchu symulatora jazdy pojazdu szynowego." Rail Vehicles, no. 3 (August 2, 2012): 64–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.53502/rail-139449.
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Artykuł przedstawia koncepcję układu ruchu symulatora jazdy pojazdy szynowego. Najbardziej zaawansowane symulatory posiadają w pełni wyposażoną kabinę, 360- stopniowy system wizyjny oraz ruchomą platformę o 6-ciu stopniach swobody, która może imitować warunki jazdy. Układ ruchu jest platformą Stewarta-Gougha, która składa się z ruchomej platformy i nieruchomej podstawy połączonych ze sobą za pomocą przegubów i sześciu nóg o zmiennej długości (siłowników). Zadany ruch platformy wymaga skoordynowanego ruchu wszystkich sześciu siłowników zależnego od pozycji i orientacji platformy. Geometryczne relacje pomiędzy pozycją i orientacją platformy, a długościami sześciu nóg są wyliczane z kinematyki odwrotnej. W celu wyznaczenia wymaganych sił w siłownikach dla zadanego ruchu platformy wyprowadzono równania dynamiki odwrotnej przy pomocy formalizmu Newtona-Eulera. Równania kinematyki i dynamiki odwrotnej mogą być użyte w opracowaniu sposobów sterowania platformą w czasie rzeczywistym. Zaproponowano koncepcję sterownika bazującego na karcie analogowo-cyfrowej oraz komputerze w celu weryfikacji algorytmu sterowania.
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Carah, Nicholas. "What do participants on digital media platforms produce? Tracking the development of Hello Sunday Morning from a blog, to a social network, to a self-tracking app." International Journal of Cultural Studies 23, no. 4 (February 5, 2020): 512–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367877919899963.
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This article analyses the development of the participatory online social movement and health intervention Hello Sunday Morning (HSM) from 2009 to 2016. HSM has developed a media platform comprised of blogs, social networking and self-tracking apps with the aim of changing individual and cultural drinking practices. The case of HSM enables us to reflect on the participatory culture of digital media platforms. I argue that participants don’t just construct the sociality of the platform – its practices of speaking and being heard – they also play a crucial role in generating exercises that are coded into the platform’s interfaces, protocols and algorithms, and they produce data that informs the platform’s ongoing development. The article draws on interviews with participants, analysis of the platform since 2009, and my own critical reflections on participating in research, evaluation and design activities.
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Ma, Buqing, Xiaoyan Xu, Yanhong Sun, and Yiwen Bian. "Online search-based advertising strategy for e-Business platform with the consideration of consumer search cost." Kybernetes 46, no. 2 (February 6, 2017): 291–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-10-2016-0296.
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Purpose Consumers are increasingly using search-based advertising in e-Business platforms to seek their desirable products. Platforms will choose a centralized advertising mechanism (CAM) or decentralized advertising mechanism (DAM) to offer a search advertising service to lower consumer search cost, as represented by using search time length. It is important for the platform to decide how to choose advertising mechanisms, and how to determine the optimal advertising price and search time length. To address these issues, this study aims to develop a theoretical approach under each mechanism to examine the platform’s optimal search-based advertising strategy by considering search cost. Design/methodology/approach In this study, two models are developed to examine the optimal search-based advertising strategy by considering consumer search cost (i.e. search time length). By comparing the platform’s profits under two models, the optimal advertising strategy, search time length and price are explored. Findings It is found that when the seller’s reserve benefit is sufficiently large, the platform benefits from choosing the DAM; otherwise, the CAM is a better choice. The advertising service is usually offered with a shorter search time length accompanied by a higher charge, and a longer search time length accompanied by a lower charge. Specifically, when the seller’s reserve benefit is substantially high, a DAM that benefits both the platform and seller is a better choice. This can explain why many platforms offer advertising services with a DAM. Originality/value This paper is the first theoretical study on addressing the search-based advertising strategy, especially the choice of advertising mechanisms, in the online advertising context. It is also the first piece of analytical research that considers the effect of consumer search cost on product demand, and then examines the optimal advertising price and search cost (i.e. search time length) for online platforms.
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Cheng, Xiaoying, Lifeng Mu, Yanhong Sun, and Yiwen Bian. "Optimal Pricing Decisions for the Online Video Platform Under Customer Choice." Asia-Pacific Journal of Operational Research 35, no. 01 (February 2018): 1850002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217595918500021.
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With the development of the video-on-demand (VOD) technology, the audiences can decide to skip the advertisements by paying the video platform. This paper examines the optimal pricing decisions for an online video platform by considering the customer’s choice behavior. Based on a two-sided market that is composed of a monopolistic video platform, advertisers and audiences, we show that the platform’s optimal price charging from the advertisers is decreasing in the degree of audiences’ disutility for advertisements, while the optimal price charging from the audiences is convex in the degree of audiences’ disutility for advertisements. More interestingly, we find that the equilibrium number of advertisers on the platform and the video platform’s profit are both convex in the degree of audiences’ disutility for advertisements, which are counter-intuitive. We also extend our model to the case with two duopolistic platforms and find that the optimal number of advertisers on the platform is concave in the degree of audiences’ disutility for advertisements. Numerical experiments are further presented to reveal the managerial insights.
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Ignatyuk, Anzhela, Inna Honcharuk, and Bohdan Yakymchuk. "PRICE OPTIMIZATION MODEL FOR PLATFORM’S GOODS AND SERVICES IN MULTI-SIDED MARKETS." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 6, no. 5 (December 2, 2020): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2020-6-5-89-95.
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Purpose. The study is aimed at defining the nature of platforms in multi-sided markets in order to find the price optimization model for platform’s goods and services. Methodology. The article used general scientific and special research methods. The generalization of the main methodological approaches to the study of the essence of multi-sided markets, the identification of factors affecting the platform’s pricing strategy were based on the methods of dialectics, scientific abstraction, and systemic analysis. The basis of the study of the essence of “platforms” was laid on the use of the following methods: analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, generalization. Economic and mathematical modeling, scientific abstraction, systemic structural analysis contributed to the development of our own model of the optimal strategy for choosing the price of goods and services by platforms. Findings. The article defines factors that affect the pricing of platform’s goods and services. An economic and mathematical model has also been developed to determine an optimal strategy for choosing the price in terms of Nash equilibrium. There have been identified three main factors, which produce the most significant impact on the price of goods and services of platforms: marginal costs; rate of return of another product is being implemented by the platform; elasticity of demand and price. Practical implications. In the conclusions, not only the advantages but also the limitations of the proposed economic and mathematical model have been pointed out, which can be addressed in further studies and implemented into specific living model of economic decisions while price optimization model for platform’s goods and services in multi-sided markets. Originality/value. The article is generalizing the previous experience within the niche of price optimization model. Also authors have developed their own economic and mathematical model of the optimal strategy for choosing the price for the platform’s products or services, which enabled us to identify its dependence on 3 main factors: marginal costs, rates of profitability of other products sold by the platform, elasticity of demand and price. These results can be overcome in future studies. The results and conclusions have been done by the authors and are totally original.
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Waegter, J., K. B. Olsen, and K. A. Sorensen. "Structural Engineering Aspects of the STAR Platform." Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering 114, no. 4 (November 1, 1992): 272–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2919980.
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Based on the economic frames of the late eighties, the general urge to develop cheap and small platforms for marginal fields is outlined. Through a case story covering main aspects of the structural development and design of the STAR platforms, originated by Mærsk Olie og Gas AS, it is demonstrated how a new, cheap jackup installed platform type has been developed for shallow Danish North Sea conditions. Due to the platform’s relatively slender layout, it is more susceptible to dynamic loads than traditional jackets. Therefore, special investigations have been carried out for ship impact, fatigue, vortex shedding and pile driving-induced vibrations. Both the approach chosen for the analyses and design, as well as typical results, have been included. Finally, the present record of this new platform has been given.
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Wirtz, Jochen, Kevin Kam Fung So, Makarand Amrish Mody, Stephanie Q. Liu, and HaeEun Helen Chun. "Platforms in the peer-to-peer sharing economy." Journal of Service Management 30, no. 4 (October 16, 2019): 452–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/josm-11-2018-0369.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine peer-to-peer sharing platform business models, their sources of competitive advantage, and the roles, motivations and behaviors of key actors in their ecosystems. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses a conceptual approach that is rooted in the service, tourism and hospitality, and strategy literature. Findings First, this paper defines key types of platform business models in the sharing economy anddescribes their characteristics. In particular, the authors propose the differentiation between sharing platforms of capacity-constrained vs capacity-unconstrained assets and advance five core properties of the former. Second, the authors contrast platform business models with their pipeline business model counterparts to understand the fundamental differences between them. One important conclusion is that platforms cater to vastly more heterogeneous assets and consumer needs and, therefore, require liquidity and analytics for high-quality matching. Third, the authors examine the competitive position of platforms and conclude that their widely taken “winner takes it all” assumption is not valid. Primary network effects are less important once a critical level of liquidity has been reached and may even turn negative if increased listings raise friction in the form of search costs. Once a critical level of liquidity has been reached, a platform’s competitive position depends on stakeholder trust and service provider and user loyalty. Fourth, the authors integrate and synthesize the literature on key platform stakeholders of platform businesses (i.e. users, service providers, and regulators) and their roles and motivations. Finally, directions for further research are advanced. Practical implications This paper helps platform owners, service providers and users understand better the implications of sharing platform business models and how to position themselves in such ecosystems. Originality/value This paper integrates the extant literature on sharing platforms, takes a novel approach in delineating their key properties and dimensions, and provides insights into the evolving and dynamic forms of sharing platforms including converging business models.
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Svedružić, Antonio, and Danijel Ptičar. "Didaktičko i tehničko vrednovanje platforme Arduino." Politehnika 4, no. 1 (June 20, 2020): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.36978/cte.4.1.4.
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S obzirom na sve češću primjenu platforme Arduino u nastavi mnogih školskih predmeta nameće se pitanje njene didaktičke i tehničke vrijednosti. Zbog toga je provjereno u kojoj mjeri platforma Arduino omogućuje konstruktivističko, samoregulirano, kontekstualno i suradničko učenje te podupire li navedene oblike učenja njeno tehničko oblikovanje. Na uzorku učitelja i nastavnika iz tzv. STEM područja (N=40) s iskustvom u radu na platformi anketnim upitnikom su provjereni didaktički i tehnički elementi vrednovanja. Uz to, procjena didaktičke i tehničke vrijednosti platforme dodatno je provjerena intervjuom s obrazovnim stručnjacima koji imaju iskustvo u primjeni platforme u nastavi. Ukupno gledajući, dobiveni rezultati pokazuju da učitelji i nastavnici pozitivno procjenjuju sve didaktičke sastavnice učenja i tehnička obilježja platforme, a osobito visoko konstruktivističku i kontekstualnu mogućnost učenja pomoću platforme. Rezultati intervjua dodatno su potvrdili njenu obrazovnu vrijednost i pokazali da platforma omogućuje aktivno učenje u realnom okruženju, kontekstualno učenje koje potiče motivaciju, suradnju s ostalim učenicima i samoučenje podržano velikom bazom online projekata. Doprinos prikazane evaluacije je ukazati na didaktičke i tehničke mogućnosti platforme s ciljem značajnijeg korištenja njezinog obrazovnog i znanstvenog potencijala.
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Zhang, Yang, and Bing Xu. "How Should E-Commerce Platforms Subsidize Retailers with Logistics Constraints during an Epidemic Scenario? Considering Power Structure and Altruistic Preference." Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research 16, no. 5 (May 22, 2021): 1680–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jtaer16050095.
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To maintain the sustainable development of a platform’s economy, e-commerce platforms put forward various subsidy programs to retailers selling on them during COVID-19. This paper investigates an e-commerce platform’s decision on subsidizing a retailer selling on it with logistics constraints during an epidemic scenario, with a focus on the role of power structure and altruistic preference. By constructing two Stackelberg game models, the research obtains the optimal subsidy under two power structures (i.e., the dominant platform and the weaker platform), respectively. The comparison between them shows that the conditions of the dominant platform giving subsidies (both altruistic preference and logistics constraints should be higher enough) are stricter than the weaker platform. Considering the same altruistic preference and logistics constraints, the optimal subsidy provided by the weaker platform should always be not less than the dominant platform. However, the weaker platform, surprisingly, can get more utility by lowering its altruistic preference voluntarily when the commission fee is low. No matter what the power structure is, the optimal subsidy increases with the logistics service coefficient and altruistic preference, and the dominant member’s profit/utility is not less than the weaker one, which confirms “the first mover advantage”. Finally, more managerial implications to the platform-retailer systems are discussed.
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Tian, Kun, Xintian Zhuang, and Beibei Yu. "The Incentive and Supervision Mechanism of Banks on Third-Party B2B Platforms in Online Supply Chain Finance Using Big Data." Mobile Information Systems 2021 (May 18, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9943719.
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The incentive and supervision design of cooperation between banks and B2B platforms was studied under the electronic warehouse receipt pledge financing model. Under the assumptions of B2B platform risk, neutrality, and risk aversion, a principal-agent model for cooperation was established between banks and B2B platforms. Its purpose was to expand and compare the models by adding supervision variables. It also helps to analyze the effects of risk aversion coefficients on effort level, fixed payment, incentive coefficients, and the impact of bank income. This paper has analyzed the banking system’s incentives and supervision mechanisms by performing numerical analysis on big data. We have used MATLAB for numerical analysis. The results show that banks’ expected benefits when cooperating with risk-neutral B2B platforms are always greater than the expected benefits obtained when cooperating with risk-averse B2B platforms. But when banks act, the increase in profits exceeds the cost of regulatory measures. Besides, when the bank takes supervisory measures, the profit will be greater than the profit without supervisory measures. Hence, the B2B platform’s ability to recover losses is positively correlated with the bank’s expected utility. The cost coefficient of the B2B platform is negatively correlated with the bank’s expected utility. The risk aversion degree does not affect the optimal effort level of the B2B platform, but it affects the optimal fixed payment and the optimal incentive coefficient.
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Tovstiadi, Esta, Natalia Tingle, and Gabrielle Wiersma. "Academic E-book Usability from the Student’s Perspective." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 13, no. 4 (December 12, 2018): 70–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/eblip29457.
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Abstract
Objective – This article describes how librarians systematically compared different e-book platforms to identify which features and design impact usability and user satisfaction.
Methods – This study employed task-based usability testing, including the “think-aloud protocol.” Students at the University of Colorado Boulder completed a series of typical tasks to compare the usability and measure user satisfaction with academic e-books. For each title, five students completed the tasks on three e-book platforms: the publisher platform and two aggregators. Thirty-five students evaluated seven titles on nine academic e-book platforms.
Results – This study identified each platform’s strengths and weaknesses based on students’ experiences and preferences. The usability tests indicated that students preferred Ebook Central over EBSCO and strongly preferred the aggregators over publisher platforms.
Conclusions – Librarians can use student expectations and preferences to guide e-book purchasing decisions. Preferences may vary by institution, but variations in e-book layout and functionality impact students’ ability to successfully complete tasks and influences their affinity for or satisfaction with any given platform. Usability testing is a useful tool for gauging user expectations and identifying preferences for features, functionality, and layout.
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Riesener, Michael, Casimir Ortlieb, and Günther Schuh. "Analyzing Modular Platform Potential for Complex Product Portfolios of Manufacturing Companies." Advanced Materials Research 1140 (August 2016): 521–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1140.521.
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The increasing demand for product individualization and the challenges of globalization force manufacturing companies to expand their product range while keeping internal expenses low. To tackle the dichotomy between economies of scale and economies of scope, companies make use of modular product platforms and carry-over-parts. To improve the modular platform performance, it is crucial to define its structure in the early planning phase. In vertical direction, the modular platform structure defines considered technical solutions, whereas in horizontal direction, it is characterized by the products that use these solutions. When introducing or adapting modular product platforms of complex product portfolios, companies often make upfront decisions regarding the modular platform’s structure based on expert intuition. This mainly results from a lack of time, organizational restrictions and missing systematic approaches. The sheer number of product data associated with the products in the portfolio as well as the often missing transparency regarding existing components and interfaces force decision makers to decide in an intuitive approach. However, this hinders an optimal design of modular platforms and reduces the optimal performance exploitation. In order to increase modular platform performance and hence the company´s profitability, a holistic approach prior to the actual platform design process is required to determine the optimal modular platform structure for a complex product portfolio. The basis for this methodology is a generic descriptive model, which helps to describe current and planned products of a serial manufacturer’s portfolio in a structured way. The introduced methodology determines optimal modular platform scopes through systematic identification of anchor products by aid of Data Mining.
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García-Gallego, Aurora, Nikolaos Georgantzís, Pedro Pereira, and José C. Pernías-Cerrillo. "Bias and Size Effects of Price-Comparison Platforms: Theory and Experimental Evidence." Review of Network Economics 15, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rne-2016-0015.
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AbstractWe analyze the impact on consumer prices of some information characteristics of price-comparison search platforms. An equilibrium model where vendors compete in prices and consumers do not observe prices, but can obtain price information through a search platform, is developed. The model generates several predictions about the impact on the price distribution of: (i) the size of the search platform’s sample, (ii) whether the search platform’s sample is random, and (iii) the number of vendors in the market. The model’s predictions are tested experimentally. The results confirm the predictions about (ii) and (iii), but reject the model’s predictions about (i).
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Astapov, K. L., and Yifan Liu. "Implementation of Platforms’ Strategy by Financial Companies in China and Russia." Administrative Consulting, no. 8 (September 30, 2020): 112–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/1726-1139-2020-8-112-122.
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The global trends underline importance of e-commerce, development payments system as well as alternative banking services. China is considered as one the leader in digital transformation. In that regard development of Tencent in the previous decades and the strategy of the company give understanding, how new financial services evolve from traditional approach to platform model. We believe that payment systems as well as other financial platforms would play more important role, competing with traditional banking system and determining landscape of financial system in future. At the same time strategies, based on digital platform, are also actively implemented by Russian financial sector. But competition of new financial organizations with traditional banks are more difficult in our country, because some banks (including Sberbank, Tinkoff) are started building their own platforms. Platform’s strategies are usually effective in mass market, because they are based on cost efficiency model. Nevertheless, some platform could be implemented in premium sector too and in the article, we developed private banking platform strategy for a large Russian bank, which might present strong competitive advantages in the nearest future. Current epidemic enforces digitalization processes, including premium sectors.
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Zhao, Yingxiu, Wei Zhang, Pengfei Wang, and Dehua Shen. "Borrower platform choice: The influencing factors on herding." International Journal of Financial Engineering 07, no. 01 (March 2020): 2050002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2424786320500024.
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Based on the unique data from a popular P2P website in China, this paper investigates the borrowers’ herding behavior and its influencing factors, e.g., platform attribute and moderating events. We mainly find that: (i) there exists herding behavior at the platform level and that the loan amount, loan interest rate and loan duration are positively related to the magnitude of herding; (2) the borrowers’ herding behavior is increased by a platform’s market share and the number of participants; (3) regulatory events have negative effects on the herding behavior. Our findings have practical implications for P2P participants, platforms, and policymakers.
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Ondrus, Jan, Avinash Gannamaneni, and Kalle Lyytinen. "The Impact of Openness on the Market Potential of Multi-Sided Platforms: A Case Study of Mobile Payment Platforms." Journal of Information Technology 30, no. 3 (September 2015): 260–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/jit.2015.7.
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A multi-sided platform can only succeed if a critical mass of users can join. This is a necessary, but not sufficient, condition for a platform's success. However, there is a limited understanding of the factors that contribute to reaching such critical mass. In this study we identify ways to determine the market potential of a platform and to reach critical mass. We particularly enrich past studies by exploring how the openness of a platform influences market potential. We examine openness at three levels – provider, technology, and user level – and ask the question: to what extent can opening (or closing) each level increase or decrease a platform's market potential? The provider level recognizes the strategic involvement of key stakeholders that provide a platform. The technology level is concerned with the interoperability of a platform across different technologies. The user level relates to what extent a platform discriminates different segments of the customer base. On the basis of analytical modeling and theoretical analysis, we formulate four propositions concerning the effects of openness on platforms’ market potential. We illustrate the strength of propositions through a confirmatory case study, which is informed by five theoretically sampled cases. The cases illustrate cogently the effects of opening different levels of a multi-sided platform. In conclusion, we propose a decision model that can assist decision making concerning the opening of a platform to catalyze its growth.
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Fu, Yufang, Bojun Gu, Yuying Xie, Jun Ye, and Bin Cao. "Channel structure and differential pricing strategies in dual-channel e-retail considering e-platform business models." IMA Journal of Management Mathematics 32, no. 1 (August 18, 2020): 91–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/imaman/dpaa015.
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Abstract Although online business has been growing for some time, third-party e-platforms and their impact on e-channels are an under-explored area in the literature on dual-channel supply chains. Considering different combinations of open and self-support e-platform, this paper develops dynamic game models in four dual-channel e-retail structures to study pricing strategies and channel preference for manufacturers. The results provide interesting insights. First, a manufacturer’s optimal prices vary in different e-channels. Second, e-retail prices on the self-support e-platform and open e-platform are both affected by the e-platform’s service quality and commission fee. Regardless of the channel structure, a better service quality by one e-platform leads to an increase in its own e-retail prices and forces the competing e-platform to either improve its service quality or take a lower price. Lastly and more importantly, we compare the manufacturer’s pricing strategies and performances in different dual-channel e-retail structures and identify its preferences. Specifically, if the commission fee is dynamic, we find that the manufacturer always prefers to use two e-channels provided by different e-platforms, and at least one of the e-channels is the self-support model, although it is a sub-optimal strategy.
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Ji, Ya’nan, Xiaoyan Xu, and Yanhong Sun. "Cooperation strategies for e-commerce platforms with seller classification." Kybernetes 45, no. 9 (October 3, 2016): 1369–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-12-2015-0318.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the cooperation and pricing strategies for e-commerce platforms when considering seller classification. Design/methodology/approach E-commerce platforms serve to facilitate trade and generate revenue from the participants. By classifying the sellers in the market into two types (the individual sellers vs the professional sellers), the authors examine how the interaction between the two types of sellers affects the platform’s cooperation and pricing decisions. Specifically, the authors compare two cooperation strategies for the platform: cooperating only with the professional sellers (strategy I); and cooperating with both the two types of sellers (strategy II). Findings When the platform attractiveness for the professional sellers is high enough, strategy II is absolutely beneficial than strategy I; whereas when the platform attractiveness for the professional sellers is low and the performance requirement of the individual sellers is relatively high, strategy I will be more beneficial. Practical implications For a platform choosing strategy II, it should make effort to differentiate between the different types of sellers by the product or service quality. Originality/value The paper is among the first to study the cooperation and pricing strategies for the e-commerce platform with seller classification.
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Wang, Yongzhi, Nandini Rajagopalan, and Lori Qingyuan Yue. "Competing Across Platforms: Antecedents of Platform Mobility." Academy of Management Proceedings 2018, no. 1 (August 2018): 17435. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2018.17435abstract.
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Charaf, Hassan, Péter Ekler, Tamás Mészáros, Imre Kelényi, Bence Kovari, István Albert, Bertalan Forstner, and László Lengyel. "Mobile Platforms and Multi-Mobile Platform Development." Acta Cybernetica 21, no. 4 (2014): 529–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/actacyb.21.4.2014.2.
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Xue, Zhaojie, Shuqing Cheng, Mingzhu Yu, and Liang Zou. "Pricing models of two-sided markets incorporating service quality." Kybernetes 48, no. 8 (September 2, 2019): 1827–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-06-2018-0287.
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Purpose This paper aims to study the pricing problems on the two-sided market for cases of monopoly and duopoly competition, specifically investigating the impact of platform service quality on the market. Theoretical analysis and computational studies are conducted to investigate the impact of different parameters on the system outcomes. Design/methodology/approach Mathematical formulations are proposed for cases of monopoly and duopoly competition. For monopolistic market, the optimal pricing and service quality strategies are obtained using mathematical programming method. For duopolistic market, the equilibrium outcomes are derived by game theory. Sensitivity analysis and numerical studies are also adopted to investigate the impact of different parameters. Findings For monopolistic market, the platform will provide a low service quality when the service cost parameter is large. However, when the cost parameter is small, the platform provides a higher service quality and higher registration prices. Furthermore, the sum of the optimal prices is proportional to the service quality and inversely proportional to the user price sensitivity. For duopolistic market, the competitive equilibrium prices exist under a certain condition. The determinants of equilibrium prices are the gap between the service qualities of two platforms and the cross-group externalities. Originality/value For monopolistic market, this paper specifies the role of platform service quality in determining the platform’s pricing strategy. For duopolistic market, this paper presents a market sharing mechanism between two platforms and explores the equilibrium pricing strategies for platforms with different service quality level.
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Nishimoto, Mary M., Rachel D. Simons, and Milton S. Love. "Offshore oil production platforms as potential sources of larvae to coastal shelf regions off southern California." Bulletin of Marine Science 95, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): 535–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5343/bms.2019.0033.
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A diverse assemblage of adult reef fishes and invertebrates occurs at offshore oil production platforms in the Southern California Bight (SCB). Coincident with the initiation of the decommissioning of six platforms in the SCB, the goal of this study was to examine how a platform's geographical location plays a role in its potential contribution of larval recruits to natural areas. Using a three-dimensional biophysical model, we quantified the potential connectivity of larvae, particularly relevant to reef fishes, from three offshore platforms to four coastal shelf regions where the majority of rocky settlement habitat occurs in the SCB. The regions cover the shelves of the mainland coast and islands and offshore banks in the southern SCB. The main findings indicate that (1) the potential for larval subsidies from platforms in the southern SCB to populations in the northern SCB are greater than the potential for larval subsidies from platforms in the northern SCB to the southern SCB; (2) there is greater seasonal variability of potential connectivity from platforms to the mainland shelf region of the northern SCB than to the mainland shelf region of the southern SCB or shelves around islands and banks; and (3) there is consistency across years in the relative magnitude of potential connectivity from the platforms to the four shelf regions. We conclude that a platform's function as a larval source should be considered an ecological criterion when evaluating whether a platform is to be converted to an artificial reef and implementing marine spatial planning.
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Zhang, Shanshan, and Ping He. "Platform investment strategy on reducing transaction costs." Kybernetes 46, no. 5 (May 2, 2017): 893–911. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-03-2016-0049.
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Purpose This paper aims to investigate the investment strategy of a two-sided platform on reducing transaction costs of two user sides and to study the pricing problem of the platform. Design/methodology/approach Mathematical derivation is used to compute the optimal decisions of a two-sided platform on pricing and investment. Numerical analysis is used to illustrate the findings. Findings It is found that the demand of one user side decreases in the maximal transaction costs reduction to this side but increases in the maximal transaction costs reduction to the other side. It is also found that a platform should never choose the investment in such a way that the maximal transaction costs reductions of two user sides are the same. Research limitations/implications Several limitations exist in this paper, most of which exist due to the assumptions. These limitations could be good research directions in the future. For example, only one platform’s decision is considered, and platforms’ competition is not taken into account. Considering other platforms’ competition, the decisions of the users and the platform would be different. Originality/value From the transaction costs perspective, this paper finds that a platform should never choose the investment in such a way that the maximal transaction costs reductions of two user sides are the same. This conclusion has not been found in previous literature.
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Koukopoulos, Zois, and Dimitrios Koukopoulos. "Evaluating the Usability and the Personal and Social Acceptance of a Participatory Digital Platform for Cultural Heritage." Heritage 2, no. 1 (December 21, 2018): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage2010001.
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Nowadays, through the Internet, cultural heritage reaches broader audiences via digital platforms that manage and disseminate cultural content formulating a common sense in societies and supporting society’s cohesion. Various cultural heritage digital platforms embraced the idea of user participation in contributing cultural content. In this work, we evaluate the usability and the personal and social acceptance of a specific participatory platform (Culture Gate) that manages, disseminates and exploits cultural content and services. We associate platform usability with the level of engagement platform’s content and services bring on users. Personal acceptance is related to specific factors like the users’ disposal to disseminate and exploit platform content and services or to actively participate in a digital community. We relate social acceptance to specific factors like the promotion of users’ responsibility towards the online community and the society, the support of intergenerational dialogue and the amplification of a user’s sense of belonging to a society. Evaluation methodology applies a research model based on hypotheses, deriving from the ideas of widely accepted sociological and economic theories, which reflect each of the aforementioned factors. Evaluation results suggest that the test-bed platform is considered usable and acceptable, in a personal and social level, by the users.
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Zhang, Mo, Chaoran Lin, Jun Guan, and Yan Lin. "The Effects of Open Innovation Platform Knowledge Strategies on Participants: Evolutionary Game Research." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (September 16, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4012713.
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Based on previous research on open innovation and appropriability strategies, using knowledge production functions and evolutionary game methods, this paper describes the process of dynamic cooperation between open innovation platforms and their participants. This paper specifically analyzes the influence of open innovation platform’s knowledge appropriability/knowledge sharing strategies, as well as participants’ exit/nonexit strategy, on the cooperative relationship. Through simulation analysis, this paper draws the following conclusions: first, the knowledge appropriability strategy of the open innovation platform and the participant’s nonexit strategy is an important strategic point of the cooperation between open innovation platforms and participants; second, the amount of knowledge production affects the strategic choices of open innovation platforms, while the knowledge increment affects the strategic choices of participants; third, the appreciation coefficient of complementary assets determines the direction of evolution of the cooperation process.
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Sun, Zhongmiao, Qi Xu, and Baoli Shi. "Dynamic Pricing of Ride-Hailing Platforms considering Service Quality and Supply Capacity under Demand Fluctuation." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (July 16, 2020): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5620834.
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Increasing attention is being paid to the pricing decisions of ride-hailing platforms. These platforms usually face market demand fluctuation and reflect supply and demand imbalances. Unlike existing studies, we focus on the optimal dynamic pricing of the platforms under imbalance between supply and demand caused by market fluctuation. Dynamic models are constructed based on the state change of supply and demand by using optimal control theory, with the aim of maximizing the platform’s total profit. We obtain the optimal trajectories of price, supply, and demand under three ride demand situations. The effects of some key parameters on pricing decisions, such as coefficient of demand fluctuation, service quality, and fixed commission rate, are examined. We find the optimal dynamic price can improve the match of supply-demand in ride-hailing market and enhance the revenue of platform.
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Wessel, Michael, Ferdinand Thies, and Alexander Benlian. "Opening the Floodgates: The Implications of Increasing Platform Openness in Crowdfunding." Journal of Information Technology 32, no. 4 (December 2017): 344–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/s41265-017-0040-z.
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Managing platform ecosystems requires providers to govern the permeability of platform boundaries in order to strike a balance between openness and control. But is it worthwhile for platform providers to conduct screening processes for third-party offerings, or should they rather apply a laissez-faire approach and let the market determine winners and losers? In this study, we compare the market conditions on Kickstarter, one of the world's largest crowdfunding platforms, before and after a policy change that relaxed the previously stringent screening process for new campaigns. By analyzing over 230,000 crowdfunding campaigns with a combined funding of over $1.9 billion that cover a 4-year period around the policy change, we find that increasing platform openness was a double-edged sword for the platform's ecosystem. While Kickstarter's revenue from commissions surged after the policy change due to an increase in the number of campaigns available on the platform, funding conditions for project creators and backers deteriorated. Project creators have to cope with lower success rates and an intensified competition due to a growing disproportion of backers to campaigns, while backers face higher uncertainties as project creators invest less in reducing information asymmetries. Our evidence from this natural experiment therefore suggests that increasing platform openness for third-party offerings can destabilize a platform's ecosystem. We thus extend the literature on platform openness and on the implications of policy changes on platform ecosystems. Our findings also provide practical insights for different platform stakeholders into possible “ripple effects” that are triggered when policy changes alter platform openness.
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Chang, Mei-Chen, and Yao-Ming Chu. "A Case Study of a Knowledge-Sharing Web-Based Platform for Energy Education." International Journal of Innovation in the Digital Economy 5, no. 1 (January 2014): 60–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijide.2014010106.
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This study presented the implementation and development of a knowledge-sharing web-based platform for energy education, called “Energy Magician”. The web-based platform was designed for the students who participating in “Energy Saving and CO2 Reduction Innovation Contest” to share their experience and ideas of energy saving. The researchers applied a web-based survey to explore how the participants with different personal characteristics value the key factors of functional mechanism design, reward system, and knowledge sharing of the platform. The research found that the participants valued differently the various key factors such as the reward system, the platform's functional mechanisms, and sustained knowledge sharing. Participants in different groups with different background, such as prior experience in using the platform, usage duration, and degree of participation, valued the platform's reward system differently, Moreover, participants in different groups ordered the importance of the platform's functional mechanisms in distinct ways. As for the key factor of sustained knowledge sharing, the participants with prior experience in web-based knowledge sharing tended to emphasize the “fostering of the ability in data compilation”; elementary school students tended to emphasize “level titles and privileges” and “cash and prize rewards” while contestants with high degrees of participation tended to emphasize the “joy in knowledge sharing”, “joy in taking part in the contest”, and “level titles and privileges”. When building similar platforms in the future, it is recommended that the design should be differentiated in terms of the reward systems and platform functions and be tailored to the participants' characteristics, so as to maximize their effective use.
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Flath, Christoph M., Sascha Friesike, Marco Wirth, and Frédéric Thiesse. "Copy, Transform, Combine: Exploring the Remix as a Form of Innovation." Journal of Information Technology 32, no. 4 (December 2017): 306–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/s41265-017-0043-9.
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The reuse of existing knowledge is an indispensable part of the creation of novel ideas. In the creative domain knowledge reuse is a common practice known as “remixing”. With the emergence of open internet-based platforms in recent years, remixing has found its way from the world of music and art to the design of arbitrary physical goods. However, despite its obvious relevance for the number and quality of innovations on such platforms, little is known about the process of remixing and its contextual factors. This paper considers the example of Thingiverse, a platform for the 3D printing community that allows its users to create, share, and access a broad range of printable digital models. We present an explorative study of remixing activities that took place on the platform over the course of six years by using an extensive set of data on models and users. On the foundation of these empirically observed phenomena, we formulate a set of theoretical propositions and managerial implications regarding (1) the role of remixes in design communities, (2) the different patterns of remixing processes, (3) the platform features that facilitate remixes, and (4) the profile of the remixing platform's users.
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Swist, Teresa, Liam Magee, Judy Phuong, and David Sweeting. "The labour of communicating publics: Participatory platforms, socio-technical intermediaries and pluralistic expertise." Communication and the Public 2, no. 3 (August 3, 2017): 210–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2057047317719294.
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Kolorob is a participatory platform connecting informal settlement communities with services and informal jobs in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Alongside technological systems, expertise from community, non-government, private-sector, volunteer and academic fields has been integral to the platform’s development. These socio-technical connections and networks, manifest through participatory design, agile software development and collaborative knowledge practices, have become productively entangled in the labour of platform production. We introduce a framework, participatory platform analysis, through which distinct layers – in the form of audiences, intermediaries, interfaces and databases – of this labour can be distinguished and examined. Our analysis draws upon focus group discussions, conducted in Mirpur in 2016 with emergent experts: youth facilitators, field officers and developers. We argue that the interests and tensions of co-designing participatory platforms relating to matters of public concern in South Asian mega-cities are reflective of the rising hybridity of expertise, generated through both institutional training and grass-roots practice, in contemporary urban life. The ‘narrative of expertise in the future’ compels us to recode knowledge production in the here and now: how we are making participatory platforms, the role of socio-technical expertise and the labour of communicating publics.
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Akhmetova, Julia. "Сrowdfunding platforms as an example of innovation startup’s financial support." SHS Web of Conferences 116 (2021): 00073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202111600073.
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Financial support is very important in the innovative sphere, because it creates the basis of the whole economic development. There are several ways how this support can be organized: from the family money to government subsidy. This paper focused on a relatively new way how a startup as a small innovative business can gain finance - crowdfunding platforms. As a preparation for the analysis theoretical concepts of innovative startup investment were considered and the unique characteristics of crowdfunding market were examined. The purpose of the study is to underline main characteristic of startups as a way of financial innovation performance, analyze the determinants of crowdfunding platform’s effectiveness, define an optimal strategic behavior for a platform to accumulate greater amount of investment and increase the number of startups which achieve their financial goals. Analysis is based on the data from 105 crowdfunding platforms during last 3 year (from 2018 till 2020). As a result, based on the multiple linear regression an analysis was conducted which showed that age, platform type and scope are main characteristics of crowdfunding platform efficiency while commission type is not correlated with startup crowdfunding success rate.
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Grossmann, Martin, Markus Lang, and Helmut M. Dietl. "A Dynamic Contest Model of Platform Competition in Two-Sided Markets." Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research 16, no. 6 (August 18, 2021): 2091–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jtaer16060117.
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This paper examines the dynamic competition between platform firms in two-sided markets with network externalities. In our model, two platforms compete with each other via a contest to dominate a certain market. If one platform wins the contest, it can serve the market for a certain duration as a monopolistic platform. Our paper shows that platform firms can compensate for cost disadvantages with network effects. A head start (e.g., technological advantage) does not guarantee future success for platform firms. Network effects and cost efficiency are decisive for future success. Interestingly, higher costs of a platform can induce higher platform profits in our dynamic model. Moreover, we find that a platform’s size and profit are not necessarily positively correlated. Our model also provides new insights with respect to the underlying causes for the emergence of market dominance. The combination of technological carry-over and network effects can explain a long-lasting dominance of a platform that benefits from a head start. The necessary preconditions for this emergence are convex costs, small network effects and high carry-over.
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Saberian, Fatemeh, Mirahmad Amirshahi, Mahdi Ebrahimi, and Asieh Nazemi. "Linking digital platforms' service dimensions to customers' purchase." Bottom Line 33, no. 4 (July 6, 2020): 315–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bl-01-2020-0001.
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Purpose This paper aims to identify the dimensions of digital platforms' services quality and their impact on customers' purchase intent based on customer experience. Design/methodology/approach The research has a mixed method. Qualitative data is gathered by using of systematic literature review and Delphi method and quantitative data is gathered through survey of 412 experts from three well-known restaurant industry platforms. These restaurant digital platforms were Snapfood, Changal and Chelivery. Findings The results indicate the effect of platforms' service quality dimensions on customer hedonic and cognitive experiences. Also, the results indicate that the platforms' customers attach different priority to the various dimensions of platforms' services quality which are platform services' ease of use, platform information quality, services and products quality, platform customers interaction, platform design, platform response speed, platform services' trustiness, platform services' security and platform responsibility. Finally, the results showed that all of these dimensions have positive impact on customers' purchase intent based on their experiences. Originality/value The development of digital service platforms despite being new, has recently great progress, but, many dimensions of digital platforms' services quality have been not well-known yet. The present research has cleared the subject.
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Tsoukalas, Gerry, and Brett Hemenway Falk. "Token-Weighted Crowdsourcing." Management Science 66, no. 9 (September 2020): 3843–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2019.3515.
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Blockchain-based platforms often rely on token-weighted voting (“τ-weighting”) to efficiently crowdsource information from their users for a wide range of applications, including content curation and on-chain governance. We examine the effectiveness of such decentralized platforms for harnessing the wisdom and effort of the crowd. We find that τ-weighting generally discourages truthful voting and erodes the platform’s predictive power unless users are “strategic enough” to unravel the underlying aggregation mechanism. Platform accuracy decreases with the number of truthful users and the dispersion in their token holdings, and in many cases, platforms would be better off with a “flat” 1/n mechanism. When, prior to voting, strategic users can exert effort to endogenously improve their signals, users with more tokens generally exert more effort—a feature often touted in marketing materials as a core advantage of τ-weighting—however, this feature is not attributable to the mechanism itself, and more importantly, the ensuing equilibrium fails to achieve the first-best accuracy of a centralized platform. The optimality gap decreases as the distribution of tokens across users approaches a theoretical optimum, which we derive, but tends to increase with the dispersion in users’ token holdings. This paper was accepted by Gabriel Weintraub, revenue management and market analytics.
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Lacan, Camille, and Pierre Desmet. "Does the crowdfunding platform matter? Risks of negative attitudes in two-sided markets." Journal of Consumer Marketing 34, no. 6 (September 11, 2017): 472–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcm-03-2017-2126.
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Purpose Crowdfunding offers a popular means to raise donations online from many contributors. Open calls for contributions involve another actor too, namely, the internet platform that maintains the two-sided market. This paper aims to examine the effect of this intermediary on contributors’ willingness to participate in crowdfunding projects. Design/methodology/approach An online survey measures the relative effect of contributors’ attitudes towards the crowdfunding platform on two key behaviours: willingness to share word-of-mouth and willingness to participate in a project. Findings Using the theoretical framework of a two-sided market, the empirical study reveals that attitudes towards a crowdfunding platform moderate contributors’ willingness to participate due to several risk factors that affect the platform’s perceived usefulness and ease of use. These factors have negative influences on attitude towards the platform, which reduces support for the project. The effects are stronger for willingness to participate than for word-of-mouth intentions. Research limitations/implications Declarative measures and a focus on the utilitarian dimensions of contributor participation limit the external validity of the findings. Practical implications With the results of this study, internet platforms can find ways to improve the attitudes of potential contributors. Project creators can use the findings to adapt their communication campaigns and reduce inhibitions that keep contributors from using platforms. Originality/value This study advances marketing and crowdfunding literature by highlighting the potential dark side of a platform that functions as an intermediary in a two-sided market.
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ALTUKHOV, A. V., A. M. KAMALYAN, and S. Y. KASHKIN. "Platforms and platform law in promising technical sports." Eurasian Law Journal 3, no. 154 (2021): 423–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.46320/2073-4506-2021-3-154-423-425.
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Napoli, Philip M. "The platform beat: Algorithmic watchdogs in the disinformation age." European Journal of Communication 36, no. 4 (July 9, 2021): 376–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02673231211028359.
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As digital platforms have come to play a central role in the news and information ecosystem, a new realm of watchdog journalism has emerged – the platform beat. Journalists on the platform beat report on the operation, use and misuse of social media platforms and search engines. The platform beat can serve as an important mechanism for increasing the accountability of digital platforms, in ways that can affect public trust in the platforms, but that can also, hopefully, lead to the development of stronger, more reliable, and ultimately more trustworthy, platforms. However, there are a number of tensions, vulnerabilities and potential conflicts of interest that characterize the platform beat. This article explores these complex dynamics of the platform beat in an effort assess the capacity of those on the platform beat to enhance the accountability and trustworthiness of digital platforms.
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OLLEROS, F. XAVIER. "THE POWER OF NON-CONTRACTUAL INNOVATION." International Journal of Innovation Management 11, no. 01 (March 2007): 93–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1363919607001631.
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Currently, all major IT and telecom firms are busy trying to stimulate non-contractual complementary developments around their own core competences and offerings. But little has been done to explain the logic, strengths, and weaknesses of non-contractual innovation. The literature on open-platform leadership recognises the importance of non-contractual innovation, but only within the limited confines of a normative approach based on two implicit assumptions: that a platform's core and periphery are sharply and easily differentiated and that platforms are always grown and orchestrated from a monolithic core. Through analysis of two cases of decentralised open innovation: the emergence of video rental stores and the emergence of desktop-publishing systems. I argue that these assumptions do not apply to all open platforms. I conclude that by forcing a hierarchical framework onto the analysis, the normative approach underplays the role of non-contractual innovation and turns a blind eye to the radically self-organised and unforeseeable nature of some platforms' success.
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Filev Maia, Rodrigo, Carlos Ballester Lurbe, Arbind Agrahari Baniya, and John Hornbuckle. "IRRISENS: An IoT Platform Based on Microservices Applied in Commercial-Scale Crops Working in a Multi-Cloud Environment." Sensors 20, no. 24 (December 14, 2020): 7163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20247163.
Full textAbstract:
Research has shown the multitude of applications that Internet of Things (IoT), cloud computing, and forecast technologies present in every sector. In agriculture, one application is the monitoring of factors that influence crop development to assist in making crop management decisions. Research on the application of such technologies in agriculture has been mainly conducted at small experimental sites or under controlled conditions. This research has provided relevant insights and guidelines for the use of different types of sensors, application of a multitude of algorithms to forecast relevant parameters as well as architectural approaches of IoT platforms. However, research on the implementation of IoT platforms at the commercial scale is needed to identify platform requirements to properly function under such conditions. This article evaluates an IoT platform (IRRISENS) based on fully replicable microservices used to sense soil, crop, and atmosphere parameters, interact with third-party cloud services for scheduling irrigation and, potentially, control irrigation automatically. The proposed IoT platform was evaluated during one growing season at four commercial-scale farms on two broadacre irrigated crops with very different water management requirements (rice and cotton). Five main requirements for IoT platforms to be used in agriculture at commercial scale were identified from implementing IRRISENS as an irrigation support tool for rice and cotton production: scalability, flexibility, heterogeneity, robustness to failure, and security. The platform addressed all these requirements. The results showed that the microservice-based approach used is robust against both intermittent and critical failures in the field that could occur in any of the monitored sites. Further, processing or storage overload caused by datalogger malfunctioning or other reasons at one farm did not affect the platform’s performance. The platform was able to deal with different types of data heterogeneity. Since there are no shared microservices among farms, the IoT platform proposed here also provides data isolation, maintaining data confidentiality for each user, which is relevant in a commercial farm scenario.
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Li, Qiang, Liwen Chen, and Yong Zeng. "The mechanism and effectiveness of credit scoring of P2P lending platform." China Finance Review International 8, no. 3 (August 20, 2018): 256–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cfri-06-2017-0156.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the mechanism how the platform obtains and uses undisclosed information to determine individual borrowers’ credit score and to examine the effectiveness of credit scoring in predicting default. The motivation stems from the fact that there is little evidence about the role of P2P platform, which has been positioned as a kind of information intermediary. Design/methodology/approach Using a sample of 5,176 unsecured P2P loans having expired before December 31, 2015 on Renrendai.com and an approach of two-stage regression, the paper first estimates the undisclosed information embedded in credit score by regressing credit score on four types of public information about a borrower’s creditworthiness. Then, the authors use a Logit regression to examine the role of the excess information in predicting the default probability. Findings The certification information provided by the platform is the most important determinant for a borrower’s credit score and the undisclosed information embedded in credit score can predict the loan performance better than the public information of posted listings. Moreover, the predictive ability of the undisclosed information is better for high-risk borrowers than for low-risk ones. Research limitations/implications Providing a credit score for each individual is a way for P2P platforms to play an information intermediary role. More evidence about whether or how a platform plays its role are worthy to be exploited by investigating a platform’s operating policies in detail and doing cross-platform comparative studies. Practical implications The results about the effect of various types of information on loan performance can provide an insightful guidance for P2P platforms to optimize their mechanism on information disclosure and credit scoring. Originality/value The existing literature mainly focuses on the effects of information voluntarily disclosed by borrowers and the behaviors of investors on P2P lending outcomes. The paper highlights the information intermediary role played by the platform and presents empirical evidence that credit scoring for individual borrowers is a way for P2P platforms to promote the direct lending for individual.