Relevant bibliographies by topics / Platinum ores

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Platinum ores'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 25 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Platinum ores"

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Chen, Ci Yun, Shu Ming Wen, Qi Cheng Feng, and He Fei Zhao. "Comprehensive Utilization Status of Low Grade and Refractory Platinum-Palladium Ores from Jinbaoshan of Yunnan." Advanced Materials Research 807-809 (September 2013): 2309–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.807-809.2309.

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It is difficult to handle platinum-palladium ores in Jinbaoshan due to low grade ores, kinds of mineral resources, complex mineral structure, fine-grained dissemination, which is a typical refractory complex ores. Based on the research of lots of correlative literature, this article analyses refractory reasons of platinum-palladium ores in Jinbaoshan, and provides an overview of comprehensive utilization status of low grade and refractory platinum-palladium ores on behalf of single flotation process, stage grinding-stage sorting and the combined process of flotation and magnetic separation, microwave pretreatment-leaching-replacement process, and the activation of acid leaching-extracting magnesium and iron-leaching residue to flotation process and so on.
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O’Connor, Cyril, and Tatiana Alexandrova. "The Geological Occurrence, Mineralogy, and Processing by Flotation of Platinum Group Minerals (PGMs) in South Africa and Russia." Minerals 11, no. 1 (January 7, 2021): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11010054.

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Russia and South Africa are the world’s leading producers of platinum group elements (PGEs). This places them in a unique position regarding the supply of these two key industrial commodities. The purpose of this paper is to provide a comparative high-level overview of aspects of the geological occurrence, mineralogy, and processing by flotation of the platinum group minerals (PGMs) found in each country. A summary of some of the major challenges faced in each country in terms of the concentration of the ores by flotation is presented alongside the opportunities that exist to increase the production of the respective metals. These include the more efficient recovery of minerals such as arsenides and tellurides, the management of siliceous gangue and chromite in the processing of these ores, and, especially in Russia, the development of novel processing routes to recover PGEs from relatively low grade ores occurring in dunites, black shale ores and in vanadium-iron-titanium-sulphide oxide formations.
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O’Connor, Cyril, and Tatiana Alexandrova. "The Geological Occurrence, Mineralogy, and Processing by Flotation of Platinum Group Minerals (PGMs) in South Africa and Russia." Minerals 11, no. 1 (January 7, 2021): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11010054.

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Russia and South Africa are the world’s leading producers of platinum group elements (PGEs). This places them in a unique position regarding the supply of these two key industrial commodities. The purpose of this paper is to provide a comparative high-level overview of aspects of the geological occurrence, mineralogy, and processing by flotation of the platinum group minerals (PGMs) found in each country. A summary of some of the major challenges faced in each country in terms of the concentration of the ores by flotation is presented alongside the opportunities that exist to increase the production of the respective metals. These include the more efficient recovery of minerals such as arsenides and tellurides, the management of siliceous gangue and chromite in the processing of these ores, and, especially in Russia, the development of novel processing routes to recover PGEs from relatively low grade ores occurring in dunites, black shale ores and in vanadium-iron-titanium-sulphide oxide formations.
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Oberthür, Thomas, Frank Melcher, Simon Goldmann, and Fabian Fröhlich. "High grade ores of the Onverwacht platinum pipe, eastern Bushveld, South Africa." Canadian Mineralogist 59, no. 6 (November 1, 2021): 1397–435. http://dx.doi.org/10.3749/canmin.2100031.

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ABSTRACT The platiniferous dunite pipes are discordant orebodies in the Bushveld Complex. The Onverwacht pipe is a large body (>300 m in diameter) of magnesian dunite (Fo80–83) that crosscuts a sequence of cumulates in the Lower Critical Zone of the Bushveld Complex. In a pipe-in-pipe configuration, the main dunite pipe at Onverwacht hosts a carrot-shaped inner pipe of Fe-rich dunite pegmatite (Fo46–62) which comprises the platinum-bearing orebody. The latter was ca. 18 m in diameter and a mining depth of about 320 m was reached. In the present work, a variety of ore samples were studied by whole-rock geochemistry, including analyses of platinum group elements, ore microscopy, and electron probe microanalysis. Olivine of the ore zone displays considerable chemical variation (range 46–62 mol.% Fo) and may represent either a continuum, or different batches of magma, or vertical or horizontal zonation within the ore zone. Chromite is principally regarded to be a consanguineous component of the pipe magma that crystallized in situ and simultaneously with olivine. The Onverwacht mineralization is Pt-dominated (>95% of the platinum group elements) and the ore is virtually devoid of sulfides. Platinum-dominated platinum group minerals predominate, followed by Rh-, Pd-, and Ru-species. Pt-Fe alloys are most frequent, followed by Pt-Rh-Ru-arsenides and -sulfarsenides, platinum group element antimonides, and platinum group element sulfides. Our hypothesis on the genesis of the Onverwacht pipe and its mineralization is as follows: After near-consolidation of the layered series of the Critical Zone, the magnesian dunite pipe of Onverwacht was formed by upward penetration of magmas that replaced the existing cumulates initially by infiltration, followed by the development of a central channel where large volumes of magma flowed through. Fractional crystallization of olivine within the deeper magma chamber and/or during ascent of the melt resulted in the formation of a consanguineous, residual, more iron-rich melt. This melt also contained highly mobile, supercritical, water-bearing fluids and was continuously enriched in platinum group elements and other incompatible elements. In several closing pulses, the platinum group element-enriched residual melts crystallized and sealed the inner ore pipe. Crystallization of the melt resulted in the coeval formation of Fe-rich olivine, chromite, and platinum group minerals. The non-sulfide platinum group element mineralization was introduced in the form of nanoparticles and small droplets of platinum group minerals, which coagulated to form larger grains during evolution of the mineralizing system. The suspended platinum group minerals acted as collectors of other platinum group elements and incompatible elements during generation and ascent of the melt. With decreasing temperature, the platinum group mineral grains annealed and recrystallized, leading to the formation of composite platinum group mineral grains, complex intergrowths, or lamellar exsolution bodies. On further cooling, platinum group minerals overgrowing Pt-Fe alloys formed by reaction of leached elements and ligands like Sb, As, and S mobilized by supercritical magmatic/hydrothermal fluids. Redistribution of platinum group elements/platinum group minerals apparently only occurred on the scale of millimeters to centimeters. Finally, surface weathering led to the local formation of platinum group element oxides/hydroxides by oxidation of reactive precursor platinum group minerals.
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Korges, Maximilian, Malte Junge, Gregor Borg, and Thomas Oberthür. "Supergene mobilization and redistribution of platinum-group elements in the Merensky Reef, eastern Bushveld Complex, South Africa." Canadian Mineralogist 59, no. 6 (November 1, 2021): 1381–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3749/canmin.2100023.

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ABSTRACT Near-surface supergene ores of the Merensky Reef in the Bushveld Complex, South Africa, contain economic grades of platinum-group elements, however, these are currently uneconomic due to low recovery rates. This is the first study that investigates the variation in platinum-group elements in pristine and supergene samples of the Merensky Reef from five drill cores from the eastern Bushveld. The samples from the Richmond and Twickenham farms show different degrees of weathering. The whole-rock platinum-group element distribution was studied by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and the platinum-group minerals were investigated by reflected-light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and electron microprobe analysis. In pristine (“fresh”) Merensky Reef samples, platinum-group elements occur mainly as discrete platinum-group minerals, such as platinum-group element-sulfides (cooperite–braggite) and laurite as well as subordinate platinum-group element-bismuthotellurides and platinum-group element-arsenides, and also in solid solution in sulfides (especially Pd in pentlandite). During weathering, Pd and S were removed, resulting in a platinum-group mineral mineralogy in the supergene Merensky Reef that mainly consists of relict platinum-group minerals, Pt-Fe alloys, and Pt-oxides/hydroxides. Additional proportions of platinum-group elements are hosted by Fe-hydroxides and secondary hydrosilicates (e.g., serpentine group minerals and chlorite). In supergene ores, only low recovery rates (ca. 40%) are achieved due to the polymodal and complex platinum-group element distribution. To achieve higher recovery rates for the platinum-group elements, hydrometallurgical or pyrometallurgical processing of the bulk ore would be required, which is not economically viable with existing technology.
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Liu, Si Qing, Bao Xu Song, Quan Jun Liu, and Wan Ping Wang. "Process Mineralogy of a Low Grade Cu-Ni-PGM Sulphide Ore and its Implications for Mineral Processing." Advanced Materials Research 524-527 (May 2012): 1023–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.524-527.1023.

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Based on process mineralogical study of a low-grade Cu-Ni-platinum group metal(PGM) sulfide ore in SW China, the occurrence of Cu and Ni, the distribution of platinum group minerals (PGMs) and their relationships with other minerals are determined in detail, which provides scientific reference for forthcoming mineral processing and extractive metallurgy. The mineralogical results show that 18 individual PGMs containing all the 6 platinum group elements (PGEs) are investigated, and it can be concluded that the PGMs in the ores mainly occur as individual minerals. SEM images show that the PGMs are mainly disseminated in sulphides, most occur as inclusions or semi-inclusions, and part are inlayed along the other minerals to form coarse compound grains. Due to the the complex mineral composition and texture, processing the Cu-Ni-PGM ores by traditional flotation may be difficult to get a good processing performance.
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Cramer, Larry A. "The extractive metallurgy of south africa’s platinum ores." JOM 53, no. 10 (October 2001): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11837-001-0048-1.

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Radomskii, S. M., and V. I. Radomskaya. "Features of noble metals at Pioneer gold deposit." Earth sciences and subsoil use 45, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 50–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21285/2686-9993-2022-45-1-50-59.

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The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the mass fractions of the group of noble metals (gold, silver, platinum, ruthenium, osmium, palladium, iridium, rhodium) in the ores and host rocks of the Pioneer deposit (the Upper Amur Region, Russia) and to determine their migration activity and hydrochemical classification of ore metals by sizes. The object of the study is primary and oxidized ores, as well as rocks hosting this mineralization. The study employs the method of quantitative chemical analysis, micro assay melting with an error of correctness, accuracy and reproducibility of the results of ≤30 %. Pioneer is a near surface hydrothermal deposit with oxidized and sulfide types of ores, which are processed both by the open method of alkaline heap cyanide leaching, and by the closed pressure method, respectively. A gold concentration plant was built to implement these processing methods. The main recoverable component of this technology is gold, whereas silver and platinum group metals are present in industrial products as impurities. The technology is highly profitable, which allows cost-effective processing of ores with the mass fractions of 1–4 ppm of gold. The performed hydrochemical classification of the sizes of native gold minerals has showed that the bulk of the nuggets (74– 78 %) of primary, sulfide, and oxidized ores accounts for the fraction with the sizes of 160–1000 μm and 11–13 % account for the fraction with sizes of 16–40 μm. Fine gold of the deposit provides its complete dissolution during the cyanidation process.
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Sluzhenikin, S. F. "Platinum-copper-nickel and platinum ores of Norilsk Region and their ore mineralization." Russian Journal of General Chemistry 81, no. 6 (June 2011): 1288–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1070363211060351.

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Vokhidov, B. R. "NEW HORIZONS PROCESSING OF TECHNOGENIC WASTE OF THE COPPER INDUSTRY." American Journal of Applied sciences 04, no. 05 (May 1, 2022): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajas/volume04issue05-03.

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At the present time, in the mining and metallurgical industry, there are trends in the processing of man-made waste that have accumulated over the course of many years. Since the world's reserves of ore deposits with a high initial content of non-ferrous metals and easily processed ores are currently practically depleted. This is due to a decrease in the volume of processing of conditioned ores and the involvement in the development of industrial waste, refractory ores and off-balance from low-grade dumps. High prices for metals on the world market create a favorable environment for the development of technologies for the extraction of precious metals involving the processing of mineral resources of technogenic origin. The work studies the mineralogical composition of industrial waste from the copper industry in the conditions of JSC "Almalyk MMC", determined the effectiveness of methods for the selective extraction of platinoids and paid attention to the methods of dissolution, reduction of platinum metals and methods of their purification from various impurities. Based on the study of this topic and the analysis of the results of the research, the authors proposed an optimal technology and complex methods for extracting platinum, palladium and rhodium from industrial waste using selective methods suitable for each metal separately using hydrometallurgy and pyrometallurgy. Hydrometallurgical methods have been developed for the purification of palladium, platinum and rhodium with treatment, respectively, with formic, citric and nitric acids. As a result of the developed technologies, the possibility of complex extraction of platinum group metals from industrial waste has been achieved. In this case, the end-to-end extraction of all platinoids is over 80%.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Platinum ores"

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Van, Tonder Erika. "The effect of ore blends on the mineral processing of platinum ores." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10982.

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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 96-101).
This thesis investigates the effect of ore blends on milling and flotation performance. Anglo Platinum's Waterval UG2 concentrator in Rustenburg processes ore from various shafts.
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Hassan, Maisson Mohamed Zeinelabieden. "Identification of platinum ores via trace element signatures." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10672.

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This project studies the natural variation in the elemental composition of processed platinum ore from different extraction locations in South Africa in order to assess whether this provides sufficient information for the elemental fingerprinting" of the material.
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Murahwi, Charley Zvinaiye. "The geology of the Unki platinum-base metal deposit, Selukwe subchamber, great dyke, Zimbabwe." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005574.

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This thesis focuses on platinu'm group element (PGE) mineralization in the Unki Section of the Selukwe Subchamber of the Great Dyke (Zimbabwe), and is based on drill hole intersections and underground and surface exposures of the Main Sulphide Zone (MSZ) which hosts significant concentrations of PGE. The petrological and geochemical data presented are part of a broader study currently underway and the present are restricted to the 2m section of the PGE-rich MSZ encountered in drill hole MR126. The PGE-rich MSZ at Unki is unique in having a shear, locally referred to as the Footwall Shear, developed at or close to its base . It is however, similar to the other PGE occurrences on the Great Dyke (MSZ) in having its hanging-wall restricted to within 1m of the websterite/bronzitite contact. Slight axial tilting to t he west is indicated by steeper dips on the eastern flank. The sulphide concentration wit hin the MSZ can be used as a rough guide to the PGE-rich zone, but is not sufficiently precise to be used in stope control. The visual identification of the potentially mineable zone remains a problem that is unlikely to be solved. Based on petrological evidence, the bulk of the sulphides with which the PGE are associated, are cumulus in status. This provides unequivocal evidence for an orthomagmatic origin of the MSZ. The dominant platinum group mineral (PGM) phase is the Arsenide/Sperrylite group which is most commonly found at the contact zones between base metal sulphides (BMS) and gangue. The PGM range up to 90 ~m in length. Geochemical evidence from the analyses of cumulate orthopyroxenes through the 2m PGE-rich MSZ interval at Unki reveals a trend of arked Fe enrichment upwards which corresponds to an enrichment in sulphide. This indicates that precipitation of sulphide was caused by fractionation with lowering of temperature in the magma. The Fe enrichment is followed by a reversal in Mg# of orthopyroxene which corresponds to the decrease in sulphide content, suggest i ng that the termination of the PGE-rich MSZ was due to an increase in temperature associated with an influx of new magma. Coupled with these magmatic events are a complex interplay of chemical and physical processes occurring at a critical stage in the overall fractionation of the Great Dyke magma chamber. The overall persistence and continuity of t he PGE zone as observed in the Unki area is consistent with the inferred orthomagmatic origin of the mineralization
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Kloppers, Lourens Marthinus. "Froth flotation of a Merensky platinum bearing ore with various THIOL collectors and their mixtures." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2481.

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Thesis (MTech (Chemical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016.
The Bushveld igneous complex in northern South Africa has the largest deposit of platinum group elements (PGE) in the world. In trace amounts, these are closely associated with base metal sulphides (BMS). Froth flotation is used to beneficiate these PGE ores. The process constitutes a bulk sulphide recovery. Improvement of recovery of the BMS is required to maximise the recovery of PGEs. The performance of the froth flotation process is largely dependent on the chemical additives used and these chemicals have been extensively studied. Mixtures of collectors are widely used in the flotation of sulphide and platinum group mineral (PGM) ores. A range of performance benefits for the use of mixtures over pure collectors have been observed on many systems. These include improved valuable metal grades and recoveries, lower reagent dosage requirements, improved rates of flotation and enhanced recovery of coarse particles. Improvements observed with mixtures of chemical reagent have been attributed to synergism; defined as the interaction of two or more agents to produce a combined effect greater than the sum of their individual effects. Synergism is highly desired in froth flotation. For this study, mixtures of thiol collectors were used in batch froth flotation tests in an attempt to identify synergism between the different collectors on flotation performance of a typical platinum ore from the Merensky reef. Flotation performance was evaluated in terms of grades and recoveries of copper and nickel, and the rate of metal flotation. Single thiol collectors of xanthate (SIBX), a dithiocarbamate (DTC) and a dithiophosphate (DTP) were evaluated to determine the effect of functional group on flotation performance. SIBX was then used in mixtures with both DTC and DTP at various molar ratios to establish whether synergism occurs between these collectors on this particular platinum ore. Molar ratios of 90:10, 80:20, 70:30 60:40 and 50:50 were considered with SIBX being the major component. Further tests were conducted with the addition of a carboxymethyl cellulose depressant to the collector mixtures.
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Chaponda, Brian. "Effect of operating variables on IsaMill™ performance using platinum bearing ores." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17950.

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Comminution involves crushing and grinding operations. The grinding operations use the traditional tumbling mills and stirred mills to reduce the ore to the required fineness. This thesis intends to investigate the influence of design and operating variables on the IsaMillTM specific energy and product size, when grinding UG2 platinum-bearing ore. The main objectives of this work were to study the effects of operating variables on specific energy consumption and product fineness, and to investigate IsaMillTM scale-up protocol. The experimental studies were conducted using the M4 IsaMillTM on a laboratory scale and the M10 000 IsaMillTM on an industrial scale.
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Vermaak, Matthys Karel Gerhardus. "Fundamentals of the flotation behaviour of palladium bismuth tellirudes." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10132005-105623.

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Manyeruke, Tawanda Darlington. "The petrography and geochemistry of the Platreef on the farm Townlands near Potgietersrus, northern Bushveld Complex." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-04282005-110052/.

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Matsau, Eunice Nthabiseng. "Determination of platinum, palladium, rhodium and gold in platiniferous ores using ICP-MS and microwave dissolution." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53354.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The determination of the platinum group metals (PGMs), platinum, palladium, rhodium, iridium, ruthenium and osmium, remains a problem for the low-grade ore samples, and the analysis of these samples in a routine laboratory relies entirely on the fire assay technique. The use of large sample masses to overcome sub-sampling errors has been the greatest advantage of this technique. The increased economic value of PGMs and recent developments in instrumentation such as inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) which is capable of trace element detection as low as part per billion (Ppb) levels, have led to a search for complementary methods to ensure the accuracy of fire assay results. This work investigates the feasibility of direct dissolution of ore samples using microwave-assisted dissolution followed by ICP-MS as the measurement technique. Due to the limited sample mass that can be used, a thorough consideration had to be given to sampling errors and analytical errors to assess the overall precision achievable. Most PGM-bearing minerals occur as sulphides and these are highly resistant to acid dissolution. It was found that roasting the Merensky type samples in air, prior to dissolution gives quantitative recoveries for platinum. Recoveries up to 100% were obtained for platinum, palladium, rhodium and gold for a Merensky flotation concentrate with excellent precision (about 4%) except for gold which had poorer precision (16%). However, ore samples presented a problem due to their lower PGM content and smaller sample masses being used. Precision for all elements improved significantly (from about 20% to about 8%), with the use of l g-sample aliquot compared to that ofO.25 g-sample. Acid dissolution, even after roasting proved to be insufficient for the UG-2 chromitite samples. When roasting was followed with reduction under hydrogen flame the solubility of the UG-2 flotation concentrate improved remarkably. The recoveries obtained were approximately 95 ± 5% for platinum, 99 ± 5% palladium, 104 ± 12% gold and 102 ± 5% for rhodium with good precision (comparable to that of Merensky concentrate). The accuracy and precision of the results depended very much on the sample mass and air-flow in the furnace during the roasting procedure. For this method to be used successfully, the air flow is very critical, and should lead to a better furnace design which can rotate the crucibles to enable an even flow of air over all the samples during roasting.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die bepaling van platinumgroep metale (PGM'e), platinum, palladium, rhodium, iridium, ruthenium en osmium is 'n voortdurende probleem vir die lae-graad erts monsters. Die analise van hierdie monsters in 'n roetine laboratorium is geheel afhanklik van die klassieke "fire assay"-tegnieke. Die groot voordeel van hierdie tegniek is die voorkoming van monsternemingsfoute deur die gebruik van groter monster massas. Die ekonomiese waarde van PGM'e saam met die onlangse ontwikkeling van instrumentasie soos die induktief-gekoppelde plasma-massaspektrometrie (IGP-MS) wat in staat is om spoorelemente in konsentrasies so laag soos dele per biljoen (ppb) te meet, het daartoe gelei na soeke vir komplementêre metodes om die akkuraatheid van klassieke "fire assay" -tegnieke te verseker. Hierdie werk ondersoek die waarskynlikheid van direkte oplossing van ertsmonsters deur gebruik te maak van mikrogolf-ondersteunde oplossing gevolg deur IGP-MS as opmetingstegniek. As gevolg van die beperkte monster massa wat gebruik kan word, moes deeglike oorweging gegee word aan monsternemingsfoute en analitiese foute, om die oorkoepelende presiesheid te bepaal. Meeste PGM-draende minerale bestaan in die vorm van sulfiede en bied groot weerstand teen oplossing in 'n suur. Die gloei van Merensky-tipe monsters in lug voor oplossing gee kwantitatiewe herwinning van platinum Herwinning tot 100% is behaal vir platinum, palladium, rhodium en goud vir 'n Merensky-flotasie-konsentraat met uitstekende akkuraatheid (4%) behalwe vir goud met 'n swak (16%) akkuraatheid. Die erts monsters was problematies as gevolg van die laer PGM inhoud en kleiner monstermassas wat gebruik is. Presiesheid vir al die elemente het beduidend verbeter (van 20% tot 8%) met die gebruik van 1 g- monster massas vergelyk met 0.25 g-monsters. Ten spyte van die gloei van die monster is suur oplossing onvoldoende vir die UG-2 chromatiet-houdende monsters. Wanneer die monster gegloei is onder 'n waterstof vlam (reduksie) het die oplossbaarheid van UG-2 flotasie-konsentraat aansienlik verbeter. Die herwinbaarheid wat behaal is, is 95 +/- 5% vir platinum, 99 +/- 5% vir palladium, 104 +/- 12% vir goud en 102 +/- 5% rhodium met goeie relatiewe presiesheid vergeleke met Merensky-konsentrate. Die akkuraatheid en presiesheid van resultate hang meerendeels af van monster massa en lugvloei in die oond gedurende gloei. Die lugvloei is krities vir die sukses van hierdie metode en sal moet lei tot beter oond ontwerp wat kroesies kan roteer en 'n gelyke vloei van lug oor die monsters gedurende verbranding toelaat.
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Monama, Nkwe Oscar. "Electronic structure studies of pallandium sulphide (PdS) and platinum (pt) ternaries." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/762.

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Thesis (M.Sc. (Physics)) --University of Limpopo, 2008
We present first principles structural, electronic and optical properties investigation of PdS, which are carried out using density functional theory under plane wave pseudopotential method within the local density approximation. We used ultrasoft- pseudopotentials to carry out our calculations. Calculated lattice parameters of the system show excellent agreement with the experimental values. The lattice parameters were observed to decrease linearly with increasing pressure. The density of states and optical properties of PdS have been computed under hydrostatic pressure. The actual size of the band gap remains constant with increasing pressure, whilst the peaks just below and above the Fermi energy moves to the left and to the right respectively. We also investigated the effect of compositional variation on our reflectance by calculating the reflectivity of Pd4-xPtxS4 and Pd4-xNixS4. Since we have different positions for the same concentration, we used the heats of formation to determine the most stable structures and these structures were used to study the effect of compositional variation on our reflectance spectrum. We studied the equation of state (EOS), structure under hydrostatic pressure, and deduced the bulk modulus. It is important to study these properties under such extreme conditions of pressure and temperature as they tend to occur below the earth's surface. Investigation of stability and mechanical properties of binary and ternary compounds from PtS to PdS have been carried out, were the presence of the miscibility gap is still uncertain. We investigate stability of these compounds by studying the heats of formation, elasticity and electronic properties. Our results show no miscibility gap but continuum solid solution between these compounds. A shift of the Fermi energy towards the conduction band is observed at a 50% concentration of Pd and Pt. All the information obtained on PdS is intended to assist in fitting interatomic potentials to enable studies of systems with many atoms.
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Knight, Robert. "The primary magmatic concentration and secondary remobilisation of platinum-group elements in Ni-Cu sulphide ores." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2014. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/65680/.

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The PGE mineralisation in the Fazenda Mirabela ultramafic-mafic and Jinchuan ultramafic intrusions has been characterised by determining the platinum-group mineralogy of each complex and the concentration of PGE in solid solution in the base metal sulphides (BMS). The Mirabela intrusion is largely unaltered and hosts two PGE occurrences from which 128 Au- and Ag-bearing minerals and 716 PGM have been identified; predominantly Pt-Pd-Ni tellurides in the Santa Rita sulphide ore deposit and to a lesser extent in the underlying sulphur-poor dunite. A localised Pd-Cu±Pb alloy assemblage is identified in the dunite in the central zone of the intrusion. The PGM assemblages at the edges of the intrusion are relatively As-rich containing sperrylite (PtAs2); arsenic may have been introduced through crustal assimilation. Two orebodies (#1 and #24) have been studied from the Jinchuan intrusion which has undergone extensive greenschist facies alteration. A total of 64 Au- and Ag-bearing minerals and semimetal alloys, and 93 PGM have been identified including michenerite (PdTeBi), froodite (PdBi2), members of the hollingworthite-irarsite-platarsite solid solution series ([RhIrPt]AsS), sperrylite and maslovite (Pt[BiTe]2) in decreasing order of abundance. The PGM vary across these two orebodies as a result of sulphide fractionation, with the Ni/MSSrich orebody #1 hosting early crystallising sulpharsenides and As-bearing PGM whereas the relatively Cu/ISS-rich orebody #24 hosts more Pd-bearing PGM with Pd partitioning into the Cu-rich sulphide liquid during MSS crystallisation. These studies show that Bi- and Te-bearing PGM ([PtPdNi]Te2, PdBi2, PdBiTe) may exsolve from the BMS during sub-solidus cooling after these elements have partitioned into the BMS at high temperatures whereas As-bearing PGM (PtAs2, [RhIrPt]AsS) and sulpharsenides (gersdorffite-cobaltite [NiAsS-CoAsS]) may crystallise early directly from an As-bearing immiscible sulphide melt. In the Mirabela intrusion, the IPGE and Rh have partitioned into MSS, from which pentlandite, pyrrhotite and pyrite have exsolved. Osmium and Ir preferentially partitioned into pyrite (with Co) whereas Ru and Rh partitioned equally between pentlandite and pyrite. In the Jinchuan intrusion, Ir, Rh and Pt have preferentially partitioned into early crystallising sulpharsenides (from which [RhIrPt]AsS PGM exsolve) depleting MSS in these elements. Palladium is identified in pentlandite in both complexes studied and may have diffused from ISS/chalcopyrite or partitioned into MSS at an earlier magmatic stage. Platinum does not usually partition into BMS (excluding sulpharsenides) and instead forms PGM. However, Pt does partition into pentlandite in the Mirabela sulphur-poor dunite where semimetal concentrations are very low and Pt-bearing PGM form only in low quantities, if at all. Minor localised serpentinisation of the Mirabela intrusion does not remobilise the PGE with the primary magmatic distribution of PGE and PGM preserved; the latter are predominantly associated with interstitial BMS and occur in sulphide stringers shown to be of magmatic origin. Pervasive greenschist facies hydrothermal alteration at Jinchuan altered and oxidised the BMS during a process of sulphur loss, resulting in the formation of secondary magnetite and the liberation of Pd, Bi and Te which coalesce to form secondary froodite and michenerite in situ at the edges of these replacement oxides; however, the PGE are not extensively remobilised. Both complexes show that the semimetal content of the ore-forming magma is critical in controlling the distribution of PGE into BMS and/or PGM.
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Books on the topic "Platinum ores"

1

Likhachev, A. P. Platino-medno-nikelevye i platinovye mestorozhdenii︠a︡ =: Platinum-nickel-copper and platinum deposits. Moskva: Ėslan, 2006.

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Fogg, Catharine T. Availability of platinum and platinum-group metals. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1993.

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Mungall, James E. Exploration for platinum-group elements deposits. Ottawa, Ont: Mineralogical Association of Canada, 2005.

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Dodin, D. A. Platinometalʹnye mestorozhdenii︠a︡ Rossii. Sankt-Peterburg: "Nauka", 2000.

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Gunn, A. G. Platinum-group elements in the Huntly intrusion, Aberdeenshire, north-east Scotland. Keyworth, Nottingham: British Geological Survey, 1992.

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Cathrall, John B. Occurrence of platinum in gold samples from the Tolovana and Rampart mining districts, Livengood quadrangle, Alaska. Denver, CO: U.S. Dept. of Interior, Geological Survey, 1987.

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Luepke, Gretchen. Occurrence of platinum in a black sand from a beach deposit in San Mateo County, California. Menlo Park, CA: U.S. Geological Survey, 1991.

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Gurskai︠a︡, L. I. Platinometallʹnoe orudenenie chernoslant︠s︡evogo tipa i kriterii ego prognozirovanii︠a︡. Sankt-Peterburg: Izd-vo VSEGEI, 2000.

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Buchanan, D. L. Platinum-group element exploration. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1988.

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Gurskai︠a︡, L. I. Platinoidy khromitonosnykh massivov Poli︠a︡rnogo Urala. Sankt-Peterburg: VSEGEI, 2004.

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Book chapters on the topic "Platinum ores"

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Borg, G., M. Tredoux, K. J. Maiden, J. P. F. Sellschop, and O. F. D. Wayward. "PGE- and Au-Distribution in Rift-related Volcanics, Sediments and Stratabound Cu/Ag Ores of Middle Proterozoic Age in Central SWA/Namibia." In Geo-Platinum 87, 303–17. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1353-0_33.

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Duyvesteyn, Saskia, Houyuan Liu, and W. P. C. Duyvesteyn. "Recovery of platinum group metals from oxide ores—TML Process." In Hydrometallurgy ’94, 887–912. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1214-7_60.

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Roonwal, G. S. "Ores in the Deep Sea: Cobalt- and Platinum-Rich Ferromanganese Crusts." In Indian Ocean Resources and Technology, 31–38. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, CRC Press, 2018.: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315105697-3.

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Ehrlich, Henry L. "Technical Potential for Bioleaching and Biobeneficiation of Ores to Recover Base Metals (Other than Iron or Copper), Platinum-Group Metals and Silver." In Biomining, 129–50. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-06111-4_7.

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Jiang, S. Y., Y. Q. Chen, H. F. Ling, J. H. Yang, and H. Z. Feng. "Platinum group elements as useful genetic tracers for the origin of polymetallic Ni-Mo-PGE-Au sulfide ores in Lower Cambrian black shales, Yangtze Platform, South China." In Mineral Deposit Research: Meeting the Global Challenge, 765–67. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-27946-6_195.

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Baglin, E. G. "Methods of recovering platinum-group metals from Stillwater Complex ore." In Sulphide deposits—their origin and processing, 155–63. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0809-3_10.

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Makovicky, M., E. Makovicky, and J. Rose-Hansen. "Experimental Evidence on the Formation and Mineralogy of Platinum and Palladium Ore Deposits." In Mineral Deposits within the European Community, 303–17. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-51858-4_17.

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Becker, Megan, Mpho Ramonotsi, and Jochen Petersen. "Effect of Alteration on the Mineralogy and Flotation Performance of PPM Platinum Ore." In Proceedings of the 10th International Congress for Applied Mineralogy (ICAM), 63–71. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27682-8_9.

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Distler, Vadim V., Gennady L. Mitrofanov, Marina A. Yudovskaya, Erick N. Lishnevsky, and Vsevolod Y. Prokof’ev. "Deep structure and ore-forming processes of the Sukhoi Log gold-platinum deposit, Russia." In Mineral Deposit Research: Meeting the Global Challenge, 921–23. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-27946-6_234.

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Godel, Bélinda. "Platinum-Group Element Deposits in Layered Intrusions: Recent Advances in the Understanding of the Ore Forming Processes." In Springer Geology, 379–432. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9652-1_9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Platinum ores"

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AMDUR, Alexei, Sergei FEDOROV, and Valery PAVLOV. "The reasons for the platinum losses in the metallurgical processing of copper-nickel ores." In METAL 2020. TANGER Ltd., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37904/metal.2020.3587.

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Dong, H., and A. Hinde. "Modelling the Effect of Pre-Concentration and Paste Thickening on Water Usage for the Processing of Platinum Ores." In Eleventh International Seminar on Paste and Thickened Tailings. Australian Centre for Geomechanics, Perth, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.36487/acg_repo/863_13.

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Mohanty, M., C. Parthasarathi, and P. Mahadevappa. "Magmatic Type Platinum Mineralisation in the Mafic-Ultramafic Rocks of Nuggihalli Schist Belt, Hassan District, Karnatak." In Proceedings of the Workshop on Magmatic Ore Deposits. Geological Society of India, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.17491/cgsi/2014/63388.

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Ramakrishna Setty, S., K. Basavaraj, D. K. Sahu, and S. Balakrishnan. "Platinum Group Element Mineralization in the Mothinamakki-Birolli-Suryakalyanigudda Ultramafic-Mafic Complex in Uttara Kannada District, Karnataka." In Proceedings of the Workshop on Magmatic Ore Deposits. Geological Society of India, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.17491/cgsi/2014/63386.

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Letseli, Mohale, Willie Nheta, and Arno Steinmuller. "Characterisation and Flotation of a Weathered Platinum Group Metal Ore." In The 4th World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering. Avestia Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.11159/mmme18.124.

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Rudashevsky, N. S., V. N. Rudashevsky, O. V. Alikin, and A. V. Chumakov. "ELECTRICAL PULSE DISAGGREGATION AND HYDROSEPARATION - OPTIMAL METHODOLOGY FOR DISCOVERING NEW PLATINUM GROUP MINERALS IN PRIMARY ROCKS." In Проблемы минералогии, петрографии и металлогении. Научные чтения памяти П. Н. Чирвинского. Пермский государственный национальный исследовательский университет, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/chirvinsky.2021.203.

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A new methodology - electrical impulse disintegration of ore + hydroseparation of material + high-tech mineralogical studies in single-layer polished thin sections of “heavy” concentrates - is considered in relation to the discoveries of new platinum group minerals (PGM) contained in bedrocks. Examples are considered - eight such new PGMs.
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B. Lekgetho, Thelma, Deshenthree Chetty, and Marian Tredoux. "Investigation of the Behaviour of Platinum-group Minerals and Base Metals Sulphides During Flotation of UG2 Ore." In 11th SAGA Biennial Technical Meeting and Exhibition. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.241.lekgetho_abstract.

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Mizernaya, M., B. Dyachkov, A. Miroshnikova, and A. Mizerny. "INDUSTRIAL TYPES OF GOLD DEPOSITS OF THE EAST KAZAKHSTAN." In GEOLINKS International Conference. SAIMA Consult Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2020/b1/v2/14.

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The East Kazakhstan territory is the unique geologic province where a number of large-scale non-ferrous and gold deposits are concentrated [1]. Gold base metals (gold-containing) type is represented by gold containing sulphide complex deposits. It is characterized by many large-scale commercial deposits of copper, lead and zinc where gold as well as silver, cadmium, platinum, selenium and other elements are the associate component of copper-sulphide and sulphide complex deposits [2]. There are following ore types are distinguished: gold-listvenite type occurs in the Irtysh zone (Maraliha deposit); the gold-sulphide vein-disseminated type associated with island-arc, volcanogenic-carbonate-terrigenous formation С1v2-3 (Suzdalskoye, Baibura, Mirazh, Zhaima); gold-quartzite type is characterized by gold-quartzite-vein deposits in West Kalba zone (Kuludzhun, Sentash, Kazan-Chunkur and others); gold-arsenic-carbon-bearing type is presented by large, middle and small deposits of Bakyrchik’s group (Bakyrchik, Bolshevik, Gluboky Log and others). Last one is formed on middle-Hercynian collision ore-bearing level (С2-С3) [3]. Multiple-stage concentration of gold contributed to formation of very large deposits. Gold content ranges from is 0.2 to 60 g/t, average is 8-9 g/t. Considerable part of gold is found in micro- and nanoparticles, nanotubes containing Au, Ag, Pt, Pd, W, Mo, Sn, Y, Yb, Ta and other elements [
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Hwang, Jiwon, Jung-Woo Park, Bo Wan, and Maryam Honarmand. "Platinum-Group Element Geochemistry of Porphyry Cu ±Au Ore-Bearing and Barren Suites in the Urumieh-Dokhtar Magmatic Assemblage, Iran." In Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.1124.

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Mabiza, M. J., C. Mbohwa, and M. Mutingi. "Life cycle inventory analysis and equivalent carbon dioxide emissions calculation of the mining and ore concentration processes of PGM at the anglo American Platinum Ltd, South Africa." In 2014 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ieem.2014.7058792.

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Reports on the topic "Platinum ores"

1

Jonasson, I. R., O. R. Eckstrand, and D. H. Watkinson. Preliminary Investigations of the Abundance of Platinum, Palladium and Gold in Some Samples of Canadian Copper - Nickel Ores. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/122476.

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Ames, D. E., and M. G. Houlé. Targeted Geoscience Initiative 4: Canadian nickel-copper-platinum group elements-chromium ore systems -- fertility, pathfinders, new and revised models. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/296674.

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Ames, D. E., and M. G. Houlé. A synthesis of the TGI-4 Canadian nickel-copper-platinum group elements-chromium ore systems project -- revised and new genetic models and exploration tools for Ni-Cu-PGE, Cr-(PGE), Fe-Ti-V-(P), and PGE-Cu deposits. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/296675.

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The Targeted Geoscience Initiative 4 Nickel, Copper, Platinum Group Elements and Chromium Ore Systems. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/292849.

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