Relevant bibliographies by topics / Platyhelminthes

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Academic literature on the topic 'Platyhelminthes'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 27 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Platyhelminthes"

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Sudo, Kosuke, Yoshiaki J. Hirano, and Yayoi M. Hirano. "Newly discovered parasitic Turbellaria of opisthobranch gastropods." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 91, no. 5 (December 15, 2010): 1123–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315410001761.

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An endoparasitic platyhelminth from six species of sacoglossan opisthobranchs was collected at several localities of temperate to subtropical waters in Japan. Poecilostomatoid copepods (all species of Splanchnotrophidae and several species of Philoblennidae) and a few digenean flukes had been the only endoparasitic metazoans known for opisthobranch hosts. The newly discovered parasite was 1 to 15 mm in length and had no eyes, mouth, pharynx, or intestine. It had no external organs for parasitic life (e.g. attachment organs) and inhabited the haemocoel of the host. When mature, it emerged from the host and secreted a silky substance around itself to form a cocoon. The cocoon contained egg capsules with 19–42 eggs. Larvae, hatched from the capsule, had a ciliated body and a pair of eye spots. They were negatively phototactic and capable of invading suitable hosts. These morphological and life history features suggest this parasitic worm may belong to the family Fecampiidae (Platyhelminthes: Turbellaria), one of a few obligate parasite taxa in Turbellaria. Molluscan hosts which are common for parasitic Platyhelminthes have not previously been known for this family. The newly discovered parasite may be important for understanding the evolution of parasitism in Platyhelminthes.
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Collins, James J. "Platyhelminthes." Current Biology 27, no. 7 (April 2017): R252—R256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2017.02.016.

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Baguñà, Jaume, and Marta Riutort. "Molecular phylogeny of the Platyhelminthes." Canadian Journal of Zoology 82, no. 2 (February 1, 2004): 168–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z03-214.

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The phylum Platyhelminthes has traditionally been considered the most basal bilaterian taxon. The main difficulty with this placement is the lack of convincing synapomorphies for all Platyhelminthes, which suggest that they are polyphyletic. Recent molecular findings based on 18S rDNA sequence data and number and type of Hox genes strongly suggest that the majority of Platyhelminthes are members of the lophotrochozoan protostomes, whereas the Acoelomorpha (Acoela + Nemertodermatida) fall outside of the Platyhelminthes as the most basal bilaterian taxon. Here we review phylum-wide analyses based on complete ribosomal and other nuclear genes addressed to answer the main issues facing systematics and phylogeny of Platyhelminthes. We present and discuss (i) new corroborative evidence for the polyphyly of the Platyhelminthes and the basal position of Acoelomorpha; (ii) a new consensus internal tree of the phylum; (iii) the nature of the sister group to the Neodermata and the hypotheses on the origin of parasitism; and (iv) the internal phylogeny of some rhabditophoran orders. Some methodological caveats are also introduced. The need to erect a new phylum, the Acoelomorpha, separate from the Platyhelminthes (now Catenulida + Rhabditophora) and based on present and new morphological and molecular characters is highlighted, and a proposal made.
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Avelino-Capistrano, Fernanda, Leandro Silva Barbosa, and André Mallemont Cunha. "Occurrence of Temnocephala (Platyhelminthes: Temnocephalida) in Immatures of Kempnyia reticulata (Enderlein) (Insecta: Plecoptera: Perlidae)." EntomoBrasilis 6, no. 1 (April 14, 2013): 91–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.12741/ebrasilis.v6i1.226.

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First register of Temnocephala (Platyhelminthes: Temnocephalida) in immature of Kempnyia reticulata (Enderlein) (Plecoptera: Perlidae). The insects were collected in rivers of Estação Biológica de Santa Lúcia, Santa Teresa, Espirito Santo, Brazil. Primeiro registro de Temnocephala (Platyhelminthes: Temnocephalida) em imaturos de Kempnyia reticulata (Enderlein) (Plecoptera: Perlidae). Resumo. Primeiro registro de Temnocephala (Platyhelminthes: Temnocephalida) em imaturos de Kempnyia reticulata (Enderlein) (Plecoptera: Perlidae). Os insetos foram coletados em um riacho da Estação Biológica de Santa Lúcia, Santa Teresa, Espírito Santo, Brasil.
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CHALMERS, IAIN W., and KARL F. HOFFMANN. "Platyhelminth Venom Allergen-Like (VAL) proteins: revealing structural diversity, class-specific features and biological associations across the phylum." Parasitology 139, no. 10 (May 2, 2012): 1231–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182012000704.

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SUMMARYDuring platyhelminth infection, a cocktail of proteins is released by the parasite to aid invasion, initiate feeding, facilitate adaptation and mediate modulation of the host immune response. Included amongst these proteins is the Venom Allergen-Like (VAL) family, part of the larger sperm coating protein/Tpx-1/Ag5/PR-1/Sc7 (SCP/TAPS) superfamily. To explore the significance of this protein family during Platyhelminthes development and host interactions, we systematically summarize all published proteomic, genomic and immunological investigations of the VAL protein family to date. By conducting new genomic and transcriptomic interrogations to identify over 200 VAL proteins (228) from species in all 4 traditional taxonomic classes (Trematoda, Cestoda, Monogenea and Turbellaria), we further expand our knowledge related to platyhelminth VAL diversity across the phylum. Subsequent phylogenetic and tertiary structural analyses reveal several class-specific VAL features, which likely indicate a range of roles mediated by this protein family. Our comprehensive analysis of platyhelminth VALs represents a unifying synopsis for understanding diversity within this protein family and a firm context in which to initiate future functional characterization of these enigmatic members.
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Bandoni, Susan M., and Daniel R. Brooks. "Revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Amphilinidea Poche, 1922 (Platyhelminthes: Cercomeria: Cercomeromorpha)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 65, no. 5 (May 1, 1987): 1110–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z87-175.

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Systematic relationships of amphilinidean platyhelminth species were investigated. Eight species and three genera are considered valid. Analysis of 46 character states comprising 34 homologous series produced a single phylogenetic tree with a consistency index value of 87%, indicating a very low degree of parallelism in the evolution of amphilinidean morphology. Comparison of host and parasite phylogenies produced a fit of 70%, suggesting a high degree of coevolution between amphilinideans and their teleostean hosts. The geographic distribution of the amphilinideans was compared with four current hypotheses of area relationship for the southern land masses. Consistency index values obtained range from 87.5% to 100%, indicating that vicariance may be sufficient to explain the biogeographic distribution of amphilinidean platyhelminths.
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Moguel, Bárbara, Raúl J. Bobes, Julio C. Carrero, and Juan P. Laclette. "Transfection of Platyhelminthes." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/206161.

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Flatworms are one of the most diverse groups within Lophotrochozoa with more than 20,000 known species, distributed worldwide in different ecosystems, from the free-living organisms in the seas and lakes to highly specialized parasites living in a variety of hosts, including humans. Several infections caused by flatworms are considered major neglected diseases affecting countries in the Americas, Asia, and Africa. For several decades, a particular interest on free-living flatworms was due to their ability to regenerate considerable portions of the body, implying the presence of germ cells that could be important for medicine. The relevance of reverse genetics for this group is clear; understanding the phenotypic characteristics of specific genes will shed light on developmental traits of free-living and parasite worms. The genetic manipulation of flatworms will allow learning more about the mechanisms for tissue regeneration, designing new and more effective anthelmintic drugs, and explaining the host-parasite molecular crosstalk so far partially inaccessible for experimentation. In this review, availability of transfection techniques is analyzed across flatworms, from the initial transient achievements to the stable manipulations now developed for free-living and parasite species.
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Cristina Damborenea, M., and Lester R. G. Cannon. "On neotropicalTemnocephala(Platyhelminthes)." Journal of Natural History 35, no. 8 (August 2001): 1103–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930152434454.

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Ehlers, Ulrich, and Beate Sopott-Ehlers. "Plathelminthes or Platyhelminthes?" Hydrobiologia 305, no. 1-3 (June 1995): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00036354.

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Mitsi, Konstantina, Alicia S. Arroyo, and Iñaki Ruiz-Trillo. "A global metabarcoding analysis expands molecular diversity of Platyhelminthes and reveals novel early-branching clades." Biology Letters 15, no. 9 (September 11, 2019): 20190182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2019.0182.

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Understanding biological diversity is crucial for ecological and evolutionary studies. Even though a great part of animal diversity has already been documented, both morphological surveys and metabarcoding analyses have previously shown that some animal groups, such as Platyhelminthes, may harbour hidden diversity. To better understand the molecular diversity of Platyhelminthes, one of the most diverse and biomedically important animal phyla, we here combined data from six marine and two freshwater metabarcoding expeditions that cover a broad variety of aquatic habitats and analysed the data by phylogenetic placement. Our results show that a great part of the hidden diversity is located in early-branching clades such as Catenulida and Macrostomorpha, as well as in late-diverging clades such as Proseriata and Rhabdocoela. We also report the first freshwater record of Gnosonesimida, a group previously thought to be exclusively marine. Finally, we identified two putative novel freshwater Platyhelminthes clades that branch between well-defined orders of the phylum. Thus, our analyses of several environmental datasets confirm that a large part of the diversity of Platyhelminthes remains undiscovered, point to groups with more potential novel species and identify freshwater environments as potential reservoirs for novel species of flatworms.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Platyhelminthes"

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Pfistermuller, Regina. "Ultrastructure of 'Turbellaria' (Platyhelminthes)." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2001. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/PfistermullerR2001.pdf.

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Jipoulou, José Horacio Grau. "Relações filogenéticas entre os gêneros de Geoplaninae (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida) inferidas de caracteres morfológicos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41133/tde-12052010-103936/.

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Este trabalho consiste em uma caracterização morfológica das espécies-tipo da maioria dos gêneros que compõem a subfamília Geoplaninae, e quatro espécies destinadas a servir como grupos externos (Pelmatoplanini, Anzoplanini, Caenoplanini, Bipaliinae). A estudo morfológico das espécies resultou em 69 caracteres morfológicos que foram inseridos em uma matriz de dados e preparados para análise filogenética. Quinze espécies adicionais de outros gêneros de Geoplaninae também foram incluídos na análise. Os resultados corroboram o monofiletismo da subfamília Geoplaninae. De acordo com a hipótese de Meixner, o clado formado pelos gêneros Enterosyringa e Xerapoa, que compartilha características morfológicas com espécies do grupo externo, é o grupo de irmãos de todas as demais espécies de Geoplaninae. Descobrimos que as características anatômicas do aparelho copulador, como a presença e o tipo de papila peniana mostraram possuir muitas reversões e não se mostraram filogeneticamente informativas. Caracteres do sistema muscular podem ser usados de forma mais efetiva para a definição de grupos taxonômicos dentro do Geoplaninae e como indicadores de suas relações evolutivas. Nenhum dos aspectos diagnóstico atuais de da Geoplaninae correspondeu a caracteres autopomórficos em nossa análise. Nossos resultados sugerem que vários gêneros de Geoplaninae representam grupos não naturais, i.e., Geoplana e Notogynaphallia, com alguns caracteres diagnósticos sendo homoplásicos.
This work consists of a morphological characterization of the type species of most of the genera that compose Geoplaninae, and four species intended to serve as outgroups (Pelmatoplanini, Anzoplanini, Caenoplanini, Bipaliinae). The morphological study of the species resulted in 69 morphological characters that were entered into a data matrix and prepared for phylogenetic analysis. Fifteen additional species from other Geoplaninae genera were also included in the analysis. The results corroborate the monophyletic status of the subfamily Geoplaninae. According with Meixner\'s hypothesis, the clade formed by Enterosyringa and Xerapoa species, sharing morphological characteristics with outgroup species, is the sister group of all other Geoplaninae species. We found that anatomical features of the copulatory apparatus, such as the presence and type of penis papilla showed many reversions and were not phylogenetically informative. Characters of the muscular system can be used much better for defining taxonomic groups within the Geoplaninae and as indicators of their evolutionary relationships. None of the present diagnostic features of the Geoplaninae formed autapomorphic characters in our analysis. Our results suggest that several genera of Geoplaninae represent unnatural groups, viz., Geoplana and Notogynaphallia, with some diagnostic characters being homoplasic.
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Laumer, Christopher E. "Isolated branches in the phylogeny of Platyhelminthes." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:14226056.

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This dissertation examines the early phylogenetic divergences of the phylum Platyhelminthes using molecular sequence data, with an emphasis on the placement and evolutionary significance of several enigmatic and largely overlooked lineages. Firstly, I assess platyhelminth interrelationships using a representational sampling of all free-living orders for the “standard” 18S and 28S rRNA loci (plus two mtDNA markers). These analyses place numerous problematic taxa, most notably Gnosonesimida, which is recovered in a position consistent with the classical hypothesis in which this order retains a primitive form of ectolecithality. I also investigate the status of the crustacean-parasitic genus Genostoma, classified presently within Fecampiida, which has however been proposed on the basis of ultrastructural data to lie outside this order. These efforts robustly position Genostoma as the sister-taxon to the free-living order Prolecithophora, suggesting the recognition of a new higher taxon to accommodate this morphologically distinct, but poorly diverse lineage. To overcome the inherent limits of rRNA phylogenetics, I used massively parallel sequencing to survey transcriptomes from representatives of all “turbellarian” orders. From concatenation and consensus analyses of 512 orthologs, a robust signal of platyhelminth phylogeny emerges, congruent with previous results but also presenting several unanticipated relationships. Most notable among these, the monospecific order Bothrioplanida is recovered as the sister-group of Neodermata, the major vertebrate-parasitic clade within Platyhelminthes. These analyses prompt consideration of novel hypotheses on the origins and consequences of parasitism within Platyhelminthes, and motivate many previously unexplored comparisons among free-living taxa. The position of Platyhelminthes within Spiralia, and the related question of whether the phylum is “primitive” in morphology, remains controversial. I therefore also used transcriptomic data to resolve the phylogeny of Spiralia, with emphasis on the status of the “platyzoan” phyla, and on positioning several problematic interstitial lineages. These data robustly position Lobatocerebrum and Diurodrilus as members of Annelida. I also recover strong support for the non-monophyly of the platyzoan phyla, with Gnathifera as the earliest-splitting branch and a clade of Platyhelminthes and Gastrotricha as the nearest relative of Trochozoa. This phylogeny hence simultaneously highlights the importance of “reductive” processes in the evolution of interstitial organisms, as well as the possibility of the primitive nature of at least some of the “simple” features that have classically inspired zoological interest in Platyhelminthes. Finally, I present a focused inquiry on the internal phylogeny of one “isolated” flatworm clade, the continental order Prorhynchida. The recovered topology is broadly congruent with traditional classification, with most prorhynchid species falling into two genera. Remarkably, however, two rare taxa that share morphologically similar copulatory apparatus are recovered as unrelated basal branches, indicating the probable plesiomorphic nature of this morphology. Also, a little-known groundwater species, Geocentrophora boui, is supported as the sister taxon of the self-fertilizing genus Xenoprorhynchus, illuminating the functional specialization of the “copulatory” apparatus as a venom delivery system in this lineage. Field collections from this study uncovered over 31 new species, many of these unexpectedly terrestrial, more than doubling the known diversity of the order, and highlighting the need for continued systematic research on these remarkable but understudied animals.
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Santos, Ana Laura Almeida dos. "Revisão taxonômica das planárias terrestres de Geoplana (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/38/38131/tde-04012017-221121/.

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As planárias terrestres (Platyhelminthes, Geoplanidae) são vermes de vida livre, hermafroditas e predadores que habitam principalmente florestas úmidas. A subfamília Geoplaninae, restrita à região neotropical, compreende cerca de 270 espécies. Geoplana Stimpson, 1857, seu gênero-tipo, é atualmente composto por três espécies (Geoplana vaginuloides (Darwin, 1844), Geoplana chita Froehlich, 1956 e Geoplana pulchella Schultze & Müller, 1857), todas da mata Atlântica brasileira. A espécie-tipo do gênero, G. vaginuloides, foi descrita por Darwin a partir de um único espécime que coletou no Rio de Janeiro (RJ) em 1832. Darwin baseou-se apenas em caracteres de morfologia externa e o paradeiro do material tipo é desconhecido. Posteriormente, outros autores estudaram a espécie e atribuíram-na sete padrões de coloração dorsal, mas um estudo filogenético recente com dois indivíduos de coloridos dorsais distintos indicou que a espécie é polifilética, justificando a necessidade de sua circunscrição para estabilizar a taxonomia da subfamília. Este trabalho tem por objetivo fazer uma revisão taxonômica do gênero utilizando dados fenotípicos e genotípicos. Todo o material disponível das espécies de Geoplana citado na literatura foi analisado, além de outros espécimes disponíveis em coleção ou coletados para este propósito. As principais características morfológicas que permitiram distinguir as espécies são: cor do dorso, forma e desenvolvimento do bulbo peniano, região de encontro dos ductos eferentes, região do átrio masculino em que se assenta a papila peniana, comprimento relativo da papila peniana e distribuição das secreções associadas, espessura da musculatura do ducto ejaculatório, e tipo de epitélio de revestimento do átrio feminino. As análises filogenéticas moleculares foram realizadas a partir de sequências do gene mitocondrial Citocromo Oxidase I (COI) e do gene nuclear Fator de Elongação 1-alfa (EF-1-), isolados e concatenados, usando parcimônia e máxima verossimilhaça como critérios de optimalidade. Os resultados moleculares e morfológicos são congruentes e revelaram que G. pulchella é monofilética, mas G. chita e G. vaginuloides são polifiléticas. As relações entre as espécies variam em função do gene e do critério de optimalidade utilizados. 13 clados são constantes, cada um composto por indivíduos homogêneos morfologicamente. Esta congruência permite reconhecer 13 espécies, dez delas com aspecto compatível com G. vaginuloides, incluindo membros propostos por outros autores como coespecíficos: Geoplana vaginuloides (Darwin, 1844), G. apua Almeida & Carbayo, nom. nov., G. mogi Almeida & Carbayo, nom. nov., G. piratininga Almeida & Carbayo, nom. nov., G. paranapiacaba Almeida & Carbayo, sp. n., G. caraguatatuba Almeida & Carbayo sp. nov., G. ibiuna Almeida & Carbayo sp. nov., G. cananeia Almeida & Carbayo, sp. n., G. cambara Almeida & Carbayo sp. nov., G. iporanga Almeida & Carbayo sp. nov., G. pulchella Schultze & Müller, 1857, G. chita Froehlich, 1956, e G. boraceia Almeida & Carbayo, nom. nov. Estas espécies apresentam musculatura parenquimática longitudinal, característica incomum em Geoplaninae (conhecida apenas em Imbira) e ausente por definição em Geoplaninae. Propomos, então, emenda a diagnose de Geoplana e da subfamília.
Land planarians (Platyhelminthes, Geoplanidae) are hermaphroditic, free-living and predatory organisms, that inhabit humid forests. The subfamily Geoplaninae is restricted to the Neotropical region, and includes ca. 270 species. Currently, Geoplana Stimpson, 1857, the type-genus of the subfamily, comprises three species, Geoplana vaginuloides (Darwin, 1844), Geoplana chita Frohelich, 1956 e Geoplana pulchella Schultze & Müller, 1857, all of them found in the Brazilian Atlantic forest. The original description of the type-species of the genus, G. vaginuloides, was described from a single individual collected by Darwin in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) in 1832. He described only the external aspect of the specimen and its location remains unknown. Subsequently, other authors studied this species and provided up to seven chromatic patterns of the dorsum, but in a recent paper, a polyphyletic condition of the species was demonstrated by means of molecular data. This situation entails the need to circumscribe the species in order to stabilize the txonomy of the subfamily. This works aims at achieving a taxonomic revision of the genus by using phenotypic and molecular data. All available material of Geoplana mentioned in literatute was studied, besides additional specimens from other collections or here collected for this purpose. Phenotypic examination enabled us to recognize up to 13 morphospecies, which differ each other mainly by means of these features: color of the dorsum, shape and relative development of the penis bulb; position of the junction of the sperm ducts with each other; region of the male atrium from which the penis papilla projects; relative length of the penis papilla; distribution of the secretions within the papilla; relative thickness of the musculatura wrapping the ejaculatory duct; and type of epithelium lining the female atrium. Molecular phylogenetic analyses were performed with sequences of the mitochondrial region of the cytochrome oxidase I gene and the nuclear region of the elongation factor 1-alpha, both separately and concatenated. Parsimony and maximum likelihood were used as optimality criteria. Morphological and molecular data are congruent with each other and revealed a monophyletic condition of G. pulchella, but a polyphyletic condition of G. chita and G. vaginuloides. Interrelationships among internal branches varied depending on the gene and the optimality criterion and have relatively low support. However, the external branches are constituted by morphologically homogeneous individuals. This congruence enabled us to recognize 13 species; the external aspect of ten species compares well with G. vaginuloides, including members considered conspecific in the literature. These results lead us to recognize the following taxonomic entities: Geoplana vaginuloides (Darwin, 1844), G. apua Almeida & Carbayo, nom. nov., G. mogi Almeida & Carbayo, nom. nov., G. piratininga Almeida & Carbayo, nom. nov., G. paranapiacaba Almeida & Carbayo, sp. n., G. caraguatatuba Almeida & Carbayo sp. nov., G. ibiuna Almeida & Carbayo sp. nov., G. cananeia Almeida & Carbayo, sp. n., G. cambara Almeida & Carbayo sp. nov., G. iporanga Almeida & Carbayo sp. nov., G. pulchella Schultze & Müller, 1857, G. chita Froehlich, 1956, and G. boraceia Almeida & Carbayo, nom. nov. All these species possess longitudinal parenchymatic musculature, an uncommon characteristic in Geoplaninae (only unknown from Imbira), which is, by definition, absent in the subfamily. Accordingly, we suggest to emend the diagnoses of the Geoplana and Geoplaninae.
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Scott, Emily Christina Gray. "Studies on the reproductive biology of Gyrodactylus (Platyhelminthes, Monogenea)." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/153994ba-adde-477b-b1d9-acb751122b7f.

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Lee, Ka-Man School of Biological Earth &amp Environmental Sciences UNSW. "Taxonomy and ecology of predatory marine flatworms (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida) in Botany Bay, New South Wales, Australia." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/24178.

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Marine flatworms are important mobile predators on hard substrate, however little is known about their life history. I recorded seven species of flatworms in Botany Bay and described a new species of flatworm Imogine lateotentare sp. nov. It is distinguished from other species in the same genus by having small, transparent and inconspicuous tentacles and continuous bands of numerous frontal and cerebral eyes. This new flatworm species was found closely associated with the barnacle Balanus variegatus (Darwin, 1854) on which it fed. Marine flatworms provide elaborate parental care to their offspring but its significance has not been experimentally confirmed. I provided quantitative measurements of the significance of parental care behaviour in Echinoplana celerrima and Stylochus pygmaeus under controlled laboratory conditions. I also examined the changes in reproductive behaviour of E. celerrima and the hatching success of their eggs when exposed to three putative flatworm egg predators. Brooding behaviour of neither species of flatworm enhanced the hatching success of their eggs and exposure of E. celerrima to the potential egg predators did not affect the timing of hatching or hatching success of its eggs. However, E. celerrima spent more time guarding their eggs when exposed to the potential egg predators. Brooding may be an innate behaviour in marine flatworms but it is not essential to their reproductive success. Marine flatworms are closely associated with sessile organisms and these assemblages are common in bays and estuaries which are subject to anthropogenic inputs from various sources. Impacts of pollutants are known for many flatworm prey species but little is known about the effects on the flatworm themselves. I examined the influence of sublethal concentrations of copper ranging from 0 to 50 ??g L-1 on the predatory and reproductive behaviour of Stylochus pygmaeus. These worms were more sensitive to low levels of copper pollution than their barnacle preys. Response of flatworms to physical stimulation, number of egg batches laid and hatching success were greatly reduced at higher copper concentrations. In areas polluted by heavy metals, flatworm populations will be affected at lower concentrations than their barnacle prey and which may alter sessile invertebrate community structure.
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Solà, Vàzquez Eduard. "Systematics and historical biogeography of the genus Dugesia (platyhelminthes, Tricladida)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/277535.

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Dugesia is a genus of free-living flatworms which species inhabit freshwater bodies across a wide distribution range that includes Africa, Madagascar, Eurasia and Australasia. They do not survive in salt water or under desiccation conditions. All Dugesia species have a characteristic triangular-shaped head with two eyes and an elongated and dorsoventrally flattened body. This general shape makes them recognizable to non-experts that also know them because of their regeneration capabilities. The two first works of this thesis are focused on the Dugesia historical biogeography. In first place we studied its species on Greece, because of its complex and well-known geological history and the high diversity of species known on the area. The results showed interesting evidences of the diversification of the genus on the area driven by its history of geological breakage since the Neogene, by the contact and severing of ancient freshwater bodies, and probably by changes in the sea level of the Mediterranean. We also observed patterns of dispersion in the Greek mainland and the Peloponnese. In a second work we included the whole Dugesia distribution range. The aim was to test the previous hypotheses on the antiquity and dispersal routes of the genus to its present geographical distribution. The last hypothesis proposed an African origin in a Gondwanan scenario during the Mesozoic period followed by a dispersion in Eurasia through the impact of the Indian subcontinent or through the impact of the Arabian plate. Our results suggest an older origin, being the genus already present on Pangaea before its breakage. Taking into account this old origin and the internal and external homogeneity of the Dugesia genus species, this is probably a case of long-term or extreme morphological stasis. The copulatory apparatus is essential for Dugesia species description and identification. However, fissiparous specimens do not have this organ, making impossible to know which species are we dealing with. In other cases the inner morphology is very similar or identical among different species, hindering the species identification. In these cases the use of molecular species delimitation methods are of major interest in order to try to overcome these morphology associated drawbacks. In a third work we used one of these methods called General Mixed Yule-Coalescent (GMYC) together with morphological data in an integrative taxonomy framework in order to describe new species from Greece and to give more support to those already described. We formally described four new Dugesia species and the new genus Recurva containing two species and a putative third one. For those clades delimited by the GMYC method for which we did not have any or incomplete morphological data we proposed two different categories: Unconfirmed or Confirmed Candidate Species. The use of molecular species delimitation methods seems to be very convenient when dealing with freshwater flatworms. At the beginning of this thesis we aimed to obtain more molecular markers by the obtention of complete mitogenomes from different triclad species. Unfortunately, this work was delayed and finally we did not succeed in the obtention of a Dugesia mitogenome but of Crenobia alpina (Planariidae) and Obama sp. (Geoplanidae). We took advantatge of these new free-living flatworm mitogenomes and we carried out an evolutionary analysis comparing them with those of parasitic flatworms in order to test if, as previously thought, the different lifecycles have had a selective effect on the nucleotide composition of the mitogenomes. Surprisingly, our results showed a more relaxed selection in the Geoplanoidea species (Dugesia, Obama and Schmidtea) in comparison with the parasitic platihelminths and Crenobia.
Dugesia és un gènere de planàries de vida lliure que habita en les l'aigües dolces d'Àfrica, Madagascar, Eurasia i Australàsia. Són organismes fràgils que no poden sobreviure en aigua salada ni en condicions de dessecació. Les Dugesia tenen un cap triangular amb dos ulls molt característic i un cos allargat i aplanat dorsoventralment. Són conegudes popularment per les seves capacitats de regeneració. Els dos primers treballs d'aquesta tesi s'ha centrat en la biogeografia històrica de les Dugesia. Primerament vam fer un estudi de les espècies que habiten a Grècia, degut a la seva història geològica complexa i ben coneguda. Els resultats mostraren evidències de la diversificació del gènere com a conseqüència de la fragmentació d'aquesta regió, del contacte i aïllament històric dels diferents cossos d'aigua dolça i dels canvis eustàtics. El segon treball de biogeografia històrica inclou tota la distribució de Dugesia, amb el propòsit de testar les hipòtesis prèvies que han volgut explicar l'antiguitat i rutes de dispersió del gènere fins a ocupar la distribució actual. Els nostres resultats descarten un origen sobre Gondwana, com s'havia proposat anteriorment, seguit per una dispersió a Eurasia a través de l'Índia o per la península Aràbiga. Dugesia s'hauria originat al supercontinent Pangea abans del seu trencament. En un tercer treball hem emprat el mètode molecular de delimitació d'espècies General Mixed Yule-Coalescent (GMYC) sobre Dugesia gregues. Vam combinar-ne els resultats amb els d'anàlisis morfològiques per identificar i descriure diverses espècies. Aquells clades delimitats pel GMYC pels quals no disposavem de dades morfològiques o bé eren incompletes van ser proposats com a espècies candidates confirmades o per confirmar. Vam descriure formalment quatre espècies de Dugesia i el nou gènere Recurva. En un treball diferent vam obtenir els mitogenomes de Crenobia alpina (Planariidae) i Obama sp. (Geoplanidae). Malgrat no aconseguir un mitogenoma de Dugesia vam aprofitar la disponibilitat de les noves molècules per realitzar una anàlisi evolutiva comparant-les amb les de platihelmints paràsits per comprovar si, tal i com s'havia proposat, els diferents tipus de vida tenen un efecte selectiu sobre la composició dels nuclèotids. Sorprenentment els nostres resultats mostren una selecció més relaxada en planàries de vida lliure.
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Barnicoat, B. F. "The anatomy of the nervous system of Fasciola hepatica." Thesis, University of Salford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381581.

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Nolan, Matthew John. "Sanguinicolidae von Graff, 1907 (Platyhelminthes : Digenea) of Indo-West Pacific fishes /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19026.pdf.

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Larsson, Karolina. "Taxonomy and Phylogeny of Catenulida (Platyhelminthes) with Emphasis on the Swedish Fauna." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Evolution, Genomics and Systematics, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8470.

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This thesis focuses on phylogenetic and taxonomic studies of Catenulida (Platyhelminthes). Catenulida is a group of microscopic free-living worms mainly found in freshwater habitats. The Swedish catenulid fauna was previously virtually unknown. The taxonomy of Catenulida is difficult because of the paucity of good morphological characters, which makes species identification extremely difficult.

Molecular phylogenies are inferred from DNA sequences. Based on two molecular markers, 18S rDNA and 28S rDNA, the phylogenetic position of Catenulida has now been well established as the sister group to the rest of the flatworms, Rhabditophora. Within Catenulida there is a basal split between two major clades: Retronectidae + Catenulidae and Stenostomidae. The hypothesis of the marine Retronectidae as the sister group of the limnic Catenulida is rejected.

Four molecular markers, 18S rDNA, 28S rDNA, ITS-5.8S and CO1, are used as a backbone to infer phylogeny and to generate hypotheses about species delimitation in Catenulida using parsimony jackknifing and Bayesian analysis. Anokkostenostomum comes out non-monophyletic, and Suomina nested within Catenula, so two new synonymies are proposed: Stenostomum Schmidt, 1848 (Anokkostenostomum Noreña et al. 2005) and Catenula Duges, 1832 (Suomina Marcus, 1945) are proposed.

A first report on Swedish freshwater Catenulida are given. A total of 13 species are reported from Sweden. Four of them, all belonging to the taxon Stenostomum are new to science: S. gotlandense n.sp.; S. handoelense n.sp.; S. heebuktense n.sp. and S. steveoi n.sp.

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Books on the topic "Platyhelminthes"

1

G, Maule Aaron, and Marks Nikki J, eds. Parasitic flatworms: Molecular biology, biochemistry, immunology and physiology. Cambridge, MA: CABI Pub., 2005.

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J, Marks Nikki, and Maule Aaron G, eds. Parasitic flatworms: Molecular biology, biochemistry, immunology and physiology. wallingford, Oxfordshire, UK: CABI Pub., 2006.

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Young, J. O. Keys to the freshwater microturbellarians of Britain and Ireland: With notes on the their ecology. Ambleside: Freshwater Biological Association, 2001.

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Parasitism and the platyhelminths. London: Chapman & Hall, 1997.

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Palmberg, Irmeli Elisabeth. Differentiation in free-living flatworms: Ultrastructural, immonucytochemical and autoradiographic studies of asexually reproducing and regenerating microstomum lineare (macrostomida). Åbo: Åbo Akademis förlag, 1990.

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International, Symposium on the Biology of the Turbellaria (8th Brisbane Qld ). Biology of the Turbellaria: Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on the Biology of the Turbellaria, held in Brisbane, Australia. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic, 1998.

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Plathelminthes aus Brackgewässern der Nordhalbkugel. Mainz: Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur, 2008.

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Filimonova, L. V., and V. V. Lomakin. Katalog tipov ploskikh cherveĭ v Gelʹmintologicheskom Muzee T︠S︡entra Parazitologii IPPĖ RAN. Moskva: T-vo nauch. izd. KMK, 2011.

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Ehlers, Ulrich. Das phylogenetische System der Plathelminthes. Stuttgart: G. Fischer, 1985.

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V, Mamkaev I͡U︡, ed. Morfologicheskie osnovy filogenetiki ploskikh cherveĭ. Sankt-Peterburg: Zoologicheskiĭ in-t AN SSSR, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Platyhelminthes"

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Adell, Teresa, José M. Martín-Durán, Emili Saló, and Francesc Cebrià. "Platyhelminthes." In Evolutionary Developmental Biology of Invertebrates 2, 21–40. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1871-9_3.

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Mitsuhashi, Jun. "Platyhelminthes." In Invertebrate Tissue Culture Methods, 209–19. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-67875-5_18.

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Mitsuhashi, Jun. "Platyhelminthes." In Invertebrate Tissue Culture Methods, 295–97. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-67875-5_28.

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Mehlhorn, Heinz. "Platyhelminthes." In Encyclopedia of Parasitology, 1–23. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27769-6_2458-2.

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Mehlhorn, Heinz. "Platyhelminthes." In Encyclopedia of Parasitology, 2195–217. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43978-4_2458.

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Fish, J. D., and S. Fish. "Platyhelminthes." In A Student’s Guide to the Seashore, 125–28. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5888-6_10.

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Kriska, György. "Flatworms – Platyhelminthes." In Freshwater Invertebrates in Central Europe, 36–43. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1547-3_5.

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Kriska, György. "Flatworms: Platyhelminthes." In Freshwater Invertebrates in Central Europe, 37–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95323-2_4.

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Richter, Dania. "Vaccination Against Platyhelminthes." In Encyclopedia of Parasitology, 2990–96. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43978-4_3356.

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Ehlers, Ulrich, and Beate Sopott-Ehlers. "Plathelminthes or Platyhelminthes?" In Biology of Turbellaria and some Related Flatworms, 1–2. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0045-8_1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Platyhelminthes"

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Kuznetsov, G. V., D. E. Mitkovskii, and N. D. Kreshchenko. "SEROTONIN NEURON STRUCTURES IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM OF PLANARIANS SCHMIDTEA MEDITERRANEA (PLATYHELMINTHES)." In THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL. All-Russian Scientific Research Institute for Fundamental and Applied Parasitology of Animals and Plant – a branch of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Centre VIEV”, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-6048555-6-0.2023.24.251-255.

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Serotonin-immunopositive (IP) components were detected in the nervous system of planarians Schmidtea mediterranea using immunocytochemistry and fluorescence microscopy. Characteristics of serotonergic nervous system were detected by the immunocytochemical staining. The nervous system of the planarian S. mediterranea is represented by the arc-shaped head nerve ganglion located in the anterior region of the planarian; the inner part of the ganglion is formed by nerve cell processes; whereas neurocytons are situated on the ganglion surface. Well-stained ventral nerve cords connected by serotonin-IP commissures are extending from the ganglion caudally. A morphometric analysis of serotonergic nerve elements was performed on frozen serial sections of planarian tissues and showed that the thickness of the nerve ganglion stained by serotonin antibodies was about 110 µm, the size of serotonin neurons in the head ganglion varied from 9 to 26 µm, and the size of serotonergic neurons within the nerve plexus innervating the planarian body musculature was 7 to 13 µm. This information may be of evolutionary importance and will be useful for a comparative analysis of morphometric parameters of serotonergic neuron structures in free-living and parasitic flatworms.
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Kreshchenko, N. D., and D. E. Mitkovskii. "MELATONIN STIMULATES PHOTORECEPTOR DIFFERENTIATION IN REGENERATION OF PLANARIAN SCHMIDTEA MEDITERRANEA." In THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL. All-Russian Scientific Research Institute for Fundamental and Applied Parasitology of Animals and Plant – a branch of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Centre VIEV”, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-6048555-6-0.2023.24.229-234.

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The planarian Schmidtea mediterranea (Turbellaria, Platyhelminthes) has a pair of eyes on the anterior part of the body consisting of pigment cells and photoreceptor neurons capable of regeneration. The research represents a study of the effects of melatonin on photoreceptor differentiation after decapitation of the planarian. During the experiment, the worms were decapitated, and the eye regeneration was observed at days 3 and 4 of the regeneration. Different stages of the photoreceptor regeneration were observed such as both eyes in the regenerating planarians, planarians with one eye, and planarians with no eyes. In most of the animals, the photoreceptors were already visible at day 4 after the decapitation. In the experimental planarians exposed to melatonin at concentrations of 1 and 0.1 µM, the accelerated photoreceptor differentiation was observed. The stimulating effects of melatonin were detected in three animal groups on day 3 and 4 after the decapitation. The study will be continued to evaluate mechanisms of the melatonin action on planarian regeneration.
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Kreshchenko, N. D., and D. E. Mitkovskii. "THE PARTICIPATION OF NEUROPEPTIDE F IN THE INNERVATION OF FLATWORM MUSCULATE." In THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL. VNIIP – FSC VIEV, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-6050437-8-2.2024.25.221-225.

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Free-living flatworms, planarians, are often used as a biological model to study the morphogenesis and regeneration processes, as well as structure and function of their muscle system. In this study, the spatial relationships between musculature and the nervous system were examined in planarians Girardia tigrina (Turbellaria, Platyhelminthes) using confocal laser scanning microscopy, histochemical staining of filamentous actin with fluorescently labelled phalloidin, and immunocytochemical staining of the nervous system with parasitic worm neuropeptide F antibodies. The body wall musculature contains three layers: an outer circular layer, an inner longitudinal layer, and a layer of rare diagonal muscle fibers in-between running in two perpendicular directions. The results showed that the body wall musculature was intensively supplied with NPF-immunopositive (-IP) nerve fibers. Thus, NPF-IP nerve fibers were localized in the body wall muscle layer of worms including the tail region musculature. Such identification of NPF-IP neurons and its endings near the somatic muscle fibers of the body wall may indicate the potential neuropeptide F participation in the muscle contractility regulation in flatworms.
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"New Records And Molecular Identification Of Leptoplanatremellaris (Müller OF, 1773) Orsted, 1843 (Platyhelminthes, Rhabditophora, Polycladida) From The Rocky Shore Of Pakistan." In International Conference on Biological Research and Applied Science. Jinnah University for Women, Karachi,Pakistan, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37962/ibras/2022/309-310.

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А.V., Kazarnikova, and Stepanova Y.V. "MONOGENEA (PLATYHELMINTHES) INVASION IN CYPRINID FISH IN THE DON RIVER DELTA AND THE EASTERN PART OF THE TAGANROG BAY UNDER PRESENT CONDITIONS." In II INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL CONFERENCE "DEVELOPMENT AND MODERN PROBLEMS OF AQUACULTURE" ("AQUACULTURE 2022" CONFERENCE). DSTU-Print, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/aquaculture.2022.58-61.

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The data on monogenean fauna of cyprinid fish (prussian carp, Carassius gibelio, bream, Abramis brama, common carp, Cyprinus carpio, and ram, Rutilus rutilus) in the Don River delta and the eastern part of the Taganrog Bay are presented. An annotated list of monogenean species of these fishes, which currently includes 24 species from 3 families (Dactylogyridae, Gyrodactylidae, Diplozoidae) is given. Representatives of the families Dactylogyridae dominated in terms of the number of species (14 species). The data on monogenean invasion of cyprinid fish species under present ecological conditions are analyzed. Epizootically significant for fish health were Dactylogyrus extensus, D. vastator, Gyrodactylus sprostonae, G. medius and Diplozoon paradoxum.
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"Генетическое сходство Gyrodactylus sphinx (Platyhelminthes: Monogenea) из Черного моря с новым подродом морских видов, обитающих в юго-восточной части Тихого океана, а также в Средиземном и Северном морях." In SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS (SBB-2020). Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/sbb-2020-79.

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Pires, Ana Paula Duarte, Ana Ires Lima Da Rocha Albuquerque, Gisele Queiroz Dos Santos, and Luzia Aparecida Pires Aleixo. "ATIVIDADES LÚDICAS COMO ESTRATÉGIA NA PREVENÇÃO DE ENTEROPASITOSES APLICADAS PARA CRIANÇAS DE ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL II." In II Congresso Brasileiro de Parasitologia Humana On-line. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/conbrapah/58.

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Introdução: As parasitoses intestinais são infecções causadas por protozoários, sendo divididos em dois filos Platyhelminthes (Taenia solium, Taenia saginata) e Nematoda (Trichuris trichiura, Enterobius vermicularis, Ascaris lumbricoides, Ancylostoma duodenale e Necator americanos. Os parasitas intestinais se associam a outros seres vivos em uma relação em que são os únicos beneficiários, já que obtêm abrigo e nutrição, aos hospedeiros, restam os graves problemas de saúde, resultado da agressão sofrida.As doenças causadas por parasitas são um problema de saúde pública que atinge crianças em período pré escolar, através de brinquedos, alimentos contaminados e também pela falta de sanidade em diversas comunidades. Devido ao grande número de doenças parasitárias que ocasionam danos à saúde desses indivíduos, é importante desenvolver atividades educativas que possibilitem um entendimento da importância de ter hábitos de higiene, dentro do ambiente escolar e familiar, para prevenir tais doenças. Esta pesquisa descreve uma intervenção educativa sobre parasitoses intestinais através da utilização de um método lúdico, que pode ser utilizado como alternativa para se criar um ambiente saudável. Objetivo: O presente trabalho teve como objetivo orientar os alunos do ensino fundamental sobre a importância de práticas de higiene pessoal e na preparação de alimentos, a fim de prevenir este tipo de infecção. Metodologia: Foram utilizados recursos pedagógicos como: palestra com cartazes informativos, distribuição de folder, exposição de um parasita, aplicação de dois questionários avaliativos, um prévio e um pós, elaborados com perguntas fechadas, além da execução de um jogo educativo. Resultado: O jogo foi executado com 38 alunos entre nove e 15 anos, os resultados do questionário pós foram significantemente superiores ao do prévio. Os dados indicam que os alunos que participaram do jogo apresentaram um acréscimo significativo no conhecimento que possuíam sobre hábitos de saúde que previnem parasitoses intestinais. Conclusão: A escola mostrou-se com um campo extremamente eficiente na divulgação e promoção da saúde. As atividades lúdicas, alcançaram os objetivos esperados, uma vez que despertou interesse do público-alvo e permitiu a sensibilização para bons hábitos de higiene.
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