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Journal articles on the topic 'Platyhelminthes nervous system'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 15 February 2022

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1

Kotikova, E. A., and O. I. Raikova. "Architectonics of the central nervous system of Acoela, Platyhelminthes, and Rotifera." Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology 44, no. 1 (2008): 95–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s002209300801012x.

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2

Halton, D. W., and M. K. S. Gustafsson. "Functional morphology of the platyhelminth nervous system." Parasitology 113, S1 (1996): S47—S72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000077891.

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SUMMARYAs the most primitive metazoan phylum, the Platyhelminthes occupies a unique position in nervous system evolution. Centrally, their nervous system consists of an archaic brain from which emanate one or more pairs of longitudinal nerve cords connected by commissures; peripherally, a diverse arrangement of nerve plexuses of varying complexity innervate the subsurface epithelial and muscle layers, and in the parasitic taxa they are most prominent in the musculature of the attachment organs and egg-forming apparatus. There is a range of neuronal-cell types, the majority being multi- and bip

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3

BISEROVA, N. M., V. A. DUDICHEVA, N. B. TERENINA, et al. "The nervous system of Amphilina foliacea (Platyhelminthes, Amphilinidea). An immunocytochemical, ultrastructural and spectrofluorometrical study." Parasitology 121, no. 4 (2000): 441–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182099006411.

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The nervous system of young and adult Amphilina foliacea was studied with immunocytochemical, electron microscopical and spectrofluorometrical methods. The general neuroanatomy is described in detail. New data on the structure and development of the brain were obtained. The 5-HT and GYIRFamide-immunoreactivities occur in separate sets of neurones. The innervation of the reproductive organs is described. The fine structure of 2 types of neurones in the CNS, a sensory neurone, a ‘glial’ cell type, the neuropile and the synapses are described. The level of 5-HT varies between 0·074 and 0·461 μg/g

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4

Böckerman, Inger, Maria Reuter, and Oleg Timoshkin. "Ultrastructural study of the Central Nervous System of EndemicGeocentrophora(Prorhynchida, Platyhelminthes) from Lake Baikal." Acta Zoologica 75, no. 1 (1994): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6395.1994.tb00961.x.

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5

Pineda, David, Leonardo Rossi, Renata Batistoni, et al. "The genetic network of prototypic planarian eye regeneration is Pax6 independent." Development 129, no. 6 (2002): 1423–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.129.6.1423.

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We report the presence of two Pax6-related genes, Pax6A and Pax6B, which are highly conserved in two planarian species Dugesia japonica and Girardia tigrina (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida). Pax6A is more similar to other Pax6 proteins than Pax6B, which is the most divergent Pax6 described so far. The planarian Pax6 homologs do not show any clear orthology to the Drosophila duplicated Pax6 genes, eyeless and twin of eyeless, which suggests an independent Pax6 duplication in a triclad or platyhelminth ancestor. Pax6A is expressed in the central nervous system of intact planarians, labeling a subse

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6

Grosbusch, Alexandra L., Philip Bertemes, and Bernhard Egger. "The serotonergic nervous system of prolecithophorans shows a closer similarity to fecampiids than to triclads (Platyhelminthes)." Journal of Morphology 282, no. 4 (2021): 574–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.21332.

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7

Halton, D. W., and A. G. Maule. "Flatworm nerve–muscle: structural and functional analysis." Canadian Journal of Zoology 82, no. 2 (2004): 316–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z03-221.

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Platyhelminthes occupy a unique position in nerve–muscle evolution, being the most primitive of metazoan phyla. Essentially, their nervous system consists of an archaic brain and associated pairs of longitudinal nerve cords cross-linked as an orthogon by transverse commissures. Confocal imaging reveals that these central nervous system elements are in continuity with an array of peripheral nerve plexuses which innervate a well-differentiated grid work of somatic muscle as well as a complexity of myofibres associated with organs of attachment, feeding, and reproduction. Electrophysiological stu

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8

Blair, K. L., and P. A. V. Anderson. "Physiology and pharmacology of turbellarian neuromuscular systems." Parasitology 113, S1 (1996): S73—S82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000077908.

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SUMMARYOur understanding of the neurobiology of the Platyhelminthes has come in large part from free-living turbellarians. In addition to providing considerable information about the capabilities of the rudimentary nervous system present in all members of the phylum, turbellarians have provided the most definitive information about the variety of ion channels present in the membranes of neurones and muscle cells, and about the physiology and pharmacology of those channels. Furthermore, preparations of single, viable muscle cells have provided some of the most conclusive evidence about the vari

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9

Vara, DC, AM Leal-Zanchet, and HM Lizardo-Daudt. "Embryonic development of Girardia tigrina (Girard, 1850) (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Paludicola)." Brazilian Journal of Biology 68, no. 4 (2008): 889–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842008000400027.

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The embryonic development of freshwater triclads is mainly known from studies of species of Dendrocoelum, Planaria, Polycelis, and, more recently, Schmidtea. The present study characterizes the development of Girardia tigrina (Girard, 1850) by means of optical microcopy using glycol methacrylate semi-thin sections. 94 cocoons were collected in the period from laying to hatching, with intervals of up to twenty-four hours. The sequence of morphological changes occurring in the embryo permitted the identification of nine embryonic stages. At the time of cocoon laying, numerous embryos were disper

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10

Júnior, Antônio Santos de Araújo, Pedro Alberto Arlani, Arnaldo Salvestrini Júnior, et al. "Cerebral Schistosomiasis." JBNC - JORNAL BRASILEIRO DE NEUROCIRURGIA 22, no. 3 (2018): 120–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22290/jbnc.v22i3.1019.

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Schistosomiasis is a cutaneously acquired infection caused by trematodes (fla¬tworms from the phylum Platyhelminthes), due to swimming in contaminated waters. The central nervous system (CNS) schistosomiasis is a rare presen¬tation of the disease. Brain infection due to S. Mansoni has been rarely reported, in anedoctal fashion. It should be early recognized , since an available treatment may prevent neurological deterioration. A high index of sus¬picion is necessary, mainly in patients coming from endemic areas, with brain or spinal cord lesions associated with eosino¬philia and inflammatory C

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11

Nefedova, D. A., N. B. Terenina, N. V. Mochalova, et al. "The neuromuscular system in flatworms: serotonin and FMRFamide immunoreactivities and musculature in Prodistomum alaskense (Digenea: Lepocreadiidae), an endemic fish parasite of the northwestern Pacific." Canadian Journal of Zoology 99, no. 8 (2021): 689–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2020-0245.

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Using the immunocytochemical method and confocal scanning laser microscopy, we obtained pioneering data on the muscle system organization and presence and localization of biogenic amine serotonin and FMRFamide-related peptides in the nervous system of the trematode Prodistomum alaskense (Ward and Fillingham, 1934) Bray and Merrett 1998 (family Lepocreadiidae). This flatworm is an intestinal parasite of endemic representatives of the marine fauna of the northwestern Pacific Ocean — the prowfish (Zaprora silenus Jordan, 1896) and the lumpfish (Aptocyclus ventricosus (Pallas, 1769)). We provide d

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12

Bertemes, Philip, Alexandra L. Grosbusch, and Bernhard Egger. "No head regeneration here: regeneration capacity and stem cell dynamics of Theama mediterranea (Polycladida, Platyhelminthes)." Cell and Tissue Research 379, no. 2 (2019): 301–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00441-019-03094-8.

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Abstract Research on the regeneration potential of flatworms (Platyhelminthes) has been mainly undertaken with planarians (Tricladida), where most species can regenerate a head and no proliferation takes place in the blastema, i.e. the early undifferentiated regenerative tissue. Only few studies are available for an early-branching group within the Platyhelminthes, the Polycladida. Head regeneration in polyclads is not possible, with a single exception from a study performed more than 100 years ago: Cestoplana was reported to be able to regenerate a head if cut a short distance behind the brai

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13

Song, Xiao-Yu, Wei-Xuan Li, Ronald Sluys, Shu-Xin Huang, Shuang-Fei Li, and An-Tai Wang. "A new species of Dugesia (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Dugesiidae) from China, with an account on the histochemical structure of its major nervous system." Zoosystematics and Evolution 96, no. 2 (2020): 431–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.96.52484.

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By means of an integrated approach, including molecular, morphological, anatomical and histological data, we describe a new species of freshwater flatworm of the genus Dugesia from southwest China, representing the third species recorded for the country. Morphologically, the new species, Dugesia umbonata Song &amp; Wang, sp. nov., is particularly characterised by the presence of a muscularised hump immediately antero-dorsally to a knee-shaped bend in its bursal canal and by an ejaculatory duct that opens subterminally through the dorsal side of the penis papilla. Four molecular datasets (1

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14

Vila-Farré, Miquel, Ronald Sluys, Salvatore D'Aniello, Francesc Cebrià, Xavier Ferrer, and Rafael Romero. "Marine planarians (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Maricola) from the western Mediterranean Sea and the Cantabrian coast: new records, one new genus, and immunocytochemistry of the nervous system." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 90, no. 2 (2009): 409–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315409990476.

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Marine planarians were collected extensively from the Iberian Peninsula and Italy. As a result we provide new distributional records of six species of marine triclads, including the description of one new genus and species. The study increases substantially our knowledge of the distribution of this group of animals in Spain and reveals that even relatively well studied areas, such as Italy, still yield new species. In addition, we performed immunostaining studies of the nervous system of three of the species, which revealed the detailed organization of the main nerve cords and their branches.

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15

Jenner, Ronald A. "Towards a phylogeny of the Metazoa: evaluating alternative phylogenetic positions of Platyhelminthes, Nemertea, and Gnathostomulida, with a critical reappraisal of cladistic characters." Contributions to Zoology 73, no. 1-2 (2004): 3–163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18759866-0730102001.

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This paper critically assesses all morphological cladistic analyses of the Metazoa that were published during the last one and a half decades. Molecular and total evidence analyses are also critically reviewed. This study focuses on evaluating alternative phylogenetic positions of the ‘acoelomate’ worms: Platyhelminthes, Nemertea, and Gnathostomulida. This paper consists of two parts. In Part I, all recently proposed sister group hypotheses and the supporting synapomorphies for these phyla are evaluated. Discrepancies in the treatment of corresponding characters in different cladistic analyses

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16

CHEN, JIA-JIA, WEI-XUAN LI, RONALD SLUYS, et al. "Two new species of marine flatworm from southern China facilitate determination of the phylogenetic position of the genus Nerpa Marcus, 1948 and the histochemical structure of the nervous system in the genus Paucumara Sluys, 1989 (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Maricola)." Zootaxa 4568, no. 1 (2019): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4568.1.9.

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Two new species of flatworm, collected from a beach at eastern Shenzhen, China, were studied through an integrative approach by combining morphological, histological, histochemical (acetylcholinesterase, AChE), and molecular (18S r- DNA) data. These species belong to two genera of marine triclads, previously unrecorded from China, viz. Nerpa Marcus, 1948 and Paucumara Sluys, 1989. Nerpa fistulata Wang & Chen, sp. nov. is characterized by: transparent body; principally pentamerous intestine with three distinct commissures; two very large, prepharyngeal testis follicles; a semi-circular lens

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17

Maule, A. G., C. Shaw, D. W. Halton, et al. "Neuropeptide F: a novel parasitic flatworm regulatory peptide from Moniezia expansa (Cestoda: Cyclophyllidea)." Parasitology 102, no. 2 (1991): 309–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000062648.

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SUMMARYUsing a C-terminally directed pancreatic polypeptide (PP) antiserum and immunocytochemical methods, PP-immuno-reactivity (IR) was localized throughout the central (CNS) and peripheral nervous systems (PNS) of the cestode, Moniezia expansa. In the CNS, immunostaining was evident in the paired cerebral ganglia (primitive brain), connecting commissure, and the paired longitudinal nerve cords that are cross-linked by numerous regular transverse connectives. The PNS was seen to consist of a fine anastomosing nerve-net of immunoreactive fibres, many of which were closely associated with repro

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18

Pax, R. A., and J. L. Bennett. "Neurobiology of parasitic platyhelminths: possible solutions to the problems of correlating structure with function." Parasitology 102, S1 (1991): S31—S39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000073273.

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This paper provides an overview of research on the nervous system of parasitic platyhelminths. We have emphasized studies concerned with the physiological, pharmacological and biochemical nature of the major small molecule neurotransmitters of these parasites. We have attempted to provide a critical review of the work by focusing on important unresolved issues. Finally, we have focused on some recent work in our laboratory, using patch-clamp recording techniques and quantitative fluorescence cytometry, as an example of newer methods that will hopefully resolve some of the unanswered questions

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19

Halton, D. W., C. Shaw, A. G. Maule, C. F. Johnston, and I. Fairweather. "Peptidergic Messengers: A New Perspective of the Nervous System of Parasitic Platyhelminths." Journal of Parasitology 78, no. 2 (1992): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3283466.

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20

MAIR, G. R., D. W. HALTON, C. SHAW, and A. G. MAULE. "The neuropeptide F (NPF) encoding gene from the cestode, Moniezia expansa." Parasitology 120, no. 1 (2000): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182099005296.

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Neuropeptide F (NPF) is an abundantly expressed neuropeptide in platyhelminth nervous systems, and exhibits a moderate, myogenic effect on muscle preparations of parasitic flatworms. NPF displays structural similarities to peptides from molluscs and vertebrate members of the neuropeptide Y (NPY)-superfamily of peptides. NPY is one of the most abundant and highly conserved neuropeptides within vertebrates and similarities between the gene organization of NPY, pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY), suggest a common evolutionary origin of this peptide family. Dual locali

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21

Lacalli, Thurston C. "The suboral complex in the Müller's larva of Pseudoceros canadensis (Platyhelminthes, Polycladida)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 66, no. 8 (1988): 1893–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z88-273.

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The small suboral nerve in the Müller's larva of Pseudoceros canadensis is shown to arise from cells clustered beneath the median suboral rejectory cell of the circumoral ciliary band. The fact that the nerve arises within the suboral region rather than outside it is important in the context of comparative studies on related larval forms whose nervous systems have similar and presumably homologous suboral nerve centres.

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22

Eklove, Harley, and Rodney A. Webb. "Glutamate-like immunoreactivity in the cestode Hymenolepis diminuta." Canadian Journal of Zoology 68, no. 11 (1990): 2417–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z90-335.

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Glutamate-like immunoreactivity in the cestode Hymenolepis diminuta was investigated at the light-microscopic level by immunohistochemistry with an antiglutamate antibody. Immunoreactivity was seen in the basal region of the suckers, in the rostellum, subtegumental regions, central nervous system, and longitudinal nerve cords, and in eggs. In the scolex the cerebral ganglia were diffusely immunoreactive, and immunoreactive tracts, passing from the cerebral ganglia to the suckers, were observed. The longitudinal nerve cords contained large groups of intensely stained cell bodies and processes t

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23

Kreshchenko, Grebenshchikova, and Karpov. "INFLUENCE OF SEROTONIN ON PLANARIAN PHOTORECEPTORS’ REGENERATION." THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL, no. 20 (May 14, 2019): 278–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-9902340-8-6.2019.20.278-283.

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The paper presents data on the effect of biogenic amine, serotonin, on morphogenetic processes in planarians Schmidtea mediterranea and Girardia tigrina(Turbellaria, Platyhelminthes). For the study, cut-off median and tail fragments of the planarian body were used, in which eye regeneration was observed. Photoreceptor recovery occurred from the 3rd to the 6th day of regeneration. In experimental specimens exposed to serotonin at a concentration of 0.1–1 μM, acceleration of the photoreceptor regeneration process was observed. The stimulating effect was observed at 4–5 days after surgery. Planar

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24

Shaw, C. "Neuropeptides and their evolution." Parasitology 113, S1 (1996): S35—S45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003118200007788x.

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SUMMARYNeuropeptides are ubiquitous signalling molecules in all metazoans possessing nervous systems, from the simple nerve nets of the cnidarians to the immensely complex systems of mammals. While the discipline of peptide neuroendocrinology was born through the study of higher vertebrates, there now exists a plethora of information regarding neuropeptides and peptidic regulatory factors in invertebrates. Such phylogenetic studies have revealed that peptidic neurotransmission is of early evolutionary origin and that, while invertebrates have nervous systems which are simpler in terms of nerve

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25

Maule, A. G., C. Shaw, D. W. Halton, G. P. Brennan, C. F. Johnston, and S. Moore. "Neuropeptide F (Moniezia expansa): localization and characterization using specific antisera." Parasitology 105, no. 3 (1992): 505–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000074680.

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SUMMARYImmunocytochemical techniques used in conjunction with confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM) and electron microscopy have been used to demonstrate, for the first time, the distribution of the parasitic platyhelminth neuropeptide, neuropeptide F (NPF) in the cestode, Moniezia expansa. Antisera were raised to intact NPF(1–39) and to the C-terminal decapeptide of NPF(30–39). These antisera were characterized and validated for use in both immunocytochemistry and radioimmunoassay (RIA). NPF immunoreactivity (IR) was detected using both antisera throughout all of the major components of t

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26

Ribeiro, Paula, and Timothy G. Geary. "Neuronal signaling in schistosomes: current status and prospects for postgenomicsThe present review is one of a series of occasional review articles that have been invited by the Editors and will feature the broad range of disciplines and expertise represented in our Editorial Advisory Board." Canadian Journal of Zoology 88, no. 1 (2010): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z09-126.

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Parasitic platyhelminths of the genus Schistosoma Weinland, 1858 (Trematoda, Digenea) are the etiological agents of human schistosomiasis, one of the most prevalent and debilitating parasitic diseases worldwide. Praziquantel is the only drug treatment available in most parts of the world and the effectiveness of the drug is threatened by the prospect of drug resistance. There is a pressing need to learn more about the basic biology of this organism and to identify molecular targets for new therapeutic drugs. The nervous system of schistosomes coordinates many activities that are essential for

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27

Day, T. A., A. G. Maule, C. Shaw, et al. "Platyhelminth FMRFamide-related peptides (FaRPs) contract Schistosoma mansoni (Trematoda: Digenea) muscle fibres in vitro." Parasitology 109, no. 4 (1994): 455–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000080707.

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SUMMARYMolluscan FMRFamide and two recently discovered platyhelminth FMRFamide-related peptides (FaRPs), GNFFRFamide from the cestode Moniezia expansa and RYIRFamide from the terrestrial turbellarian Artioposthia triangulata, cause dose-dependent contractions of individual muscle fibres from Schistosoma mansoni in vitro. The most potent FaRP tested was the turbellarian peptide RYIRFamide, which produced a concentration-dependent effect between 10−9 and 10−7 M. FMRFamide and GNFFRFamide were less potent, inducing contractions between 10−8–10−6 M and 10−7–10−5 M respectively. The contractile eff

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28

Solis-soto, J. M., and M. De Jong Brink. "Immunocytochemical study on biologically active neurosubstances in daughter sporocysts and cercariae of Trichobilharzia ocellata and Schistosoma mansoni." Parasitology 108, no. 3 (1994): 301–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000076149.

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SUMMARYImmunocytochemical techniques applied to sections and whole-mount preparations of cercariae from two species of trematodes, Trichobilharzia ocellata and Schistosoma mansoni, revealed the occurrence of immunoreactivity (IR) to several neurosubstances in the nervous system (NS). Immunostaining was localized in cerebral ganglia, in the main commissure, in anterior and posterior nerve trunks, as well as in a pair of nerve fibres running along the tail. In T. Ocellata, immunoreactivity (IR) was observed with antisera raised against: glutamate, FMRFamide, catch-relaxing peptide (CARP), small

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29

Marks, N. J., D. W. Halton, A. G. Maule, et al. "Comparative analyses of the neuropeptide F (NPF)- and FMRFamide-related peptide (FaRP)-immunoreactivities in Fasciola hepatica and Schistosoma spp." Parasitology 110, no. 4 (1995): 371–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000064714.

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SUMMARYImmunochemical techniques were used to determine the distribution, chemical characteristics and relative abundance of immunoreactivity (IR) to two native platyhelminth neuropeptides, neuropeptide F (NPF) (Moniezia expansa) and the FMRFamide-related peptide (FaRP), GNFFRFamide, in the trematodes, Fasciola hepatica and Schistosoma mansoni; the larger S. margrebowiei was used in the chemical analysis. Extensive immunostaining for the two peptides was demonstrated throughout the nervous systems of both F. hepatica and S. mansoni, with strong IR also in the innervation of muscular structures

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