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1

KUROKAWA, Kenichi, Shuji FUNO, Mohan PANT, and Ken YOKOI. "SPACE FORMATION OF HADIGAON (KATHMANDU, NEPAL) : DISTRIBUTION OF HOLY PLACES AND CEREMONIES." Journal of Architecture and Planning (Transactions of AIJ) 63, no. 514 (1998): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aija.63.155_4.

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Sharma, Puspa. "Policy issues in informal market place and marketing system in Nepal: Experiences from the cities of Kathmandu Valley." Geographical Journal of Nepal 14 (March 10, 2021): 113–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/gjn.v14i0.35555.

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Informal market places and marketing systems are important sectors in providing employment and income to the poor residents of Kathmandu Valley, the largest urban agglomeration of Nepal. The informal marketing system is a traditional system and has been operated in the valley since the long. This sector shows unique features in terms of marketing, spatial location, and transformation. In this paper, the salient features of the informal market places and marketing systems prevailing in the cities of Kathmandu valley are portrayed and based on these, five major policy issues are explored and sug
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Murton, Galen. "Roads to China and infrastructural relations in Nepal." Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space 38, no. 5 (2020): 840–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399654420911410g.

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Across the Himalaya region, infrastructure development constitutes an array of material practices that produce space for both Nepali and Chinese state making efforts in historically roadless places. In northern Nepal, the production of large-scale transportation infrastructure has reached unprecedented levels, and Chinese interventions under the Belt and Road Initiative continue to fuel Kathmandu’s development imaginary. Examining the anticipation, articulation and implementation of road networks between northern Nepal and Chinese Tibet, I analyse the incorporation of a small development proje
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Dixit, Hemang. "History of Health Professional Education in Nepal." Journal of Kathmandu Medical College 6, no. 4 (2018): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jkmc.v6i4.20122.

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The introduction of Western medicine in Nepal took place during Jung Bahadur’s time as Prime Minister and was slowly disseminated during the tenure of subsequent Rana Prime Ministers Bir, Chandra, Bhim and Joodha. The provision of healthcare in the country was taken as a form of charity provided to the people by the rulers. Whilst the first two government hospitals were started at Kathmandu and Birgunj, others followed as would be rulers were banished to places such as Dhankuta, Tansen or Doti. It was only after the dawn of democracy in 1950 that the Department of Health Services was establish
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Shrivastav, Shreya, and Ram Chandra Adhikari. "Tungiasis: A Rare Parasitic Infestation in Genitals of a Native Male from Kathmandu." Journal of Nepal Health Research Council 15, no. 3 (2018): 295–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnhrc.v15i3.18860.

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Tungiasis is a common parasitic infection inmany parts of the world, including South and Central America and parts of Africa. It is rare in other places, such as in India and Pakistan and imported cases have been reported in Taiwan, Italy, the United States of America, etc. Our diagnosis was made based on histopathologiocal features of the parasite, which corresponds too ther reports and description of tungiasis.1-3 It was treated by surgical excision alone. The fact that the disease has never been reported in Nepal makes it difficult to diagnose clinically, but should be considered in the fut
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Shahi, Bijay Kumar. "Impact of Tourism in the Local Economy of Bhaktapur." Nepal Tourism and Development Review 2, no. 1 (2013): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ntdr.v2i1.7383.

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This paper outlines the major aspects of tourism in Bhaktapur. The focus is to describe how tourism influences the economy of Bhaktapur. Bhaktapur is one of the famous tourist destinations in Nepal. As it is just 11.2 km away from Kathmandu, it is recognized by travels and tours operators as a half-day sightseeing package. Many tourists also prefer staying in Bhaktapur as it is comparatively cleaner and more peaceful than Kathmandu. The fact that Bhaktapur lies on the way to various other famous tourist hot-spots such as Nagarkot and Dhulikhel has also helped to increase tourism in Bhaktapur.
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Tripathi, Mira, Kenneth F. D. Hughey, and Hamish G. Rennie. "The Role of Sociocultural Beliefs in Sustainable Resource Management: A Case Study of Traditional Water Harvesting Systems in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal." Case Studies in the Environment 2, no. 1 (2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/cse.2017.000851.

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This case study helps to develop a better overall understanding of the roles and need for managing traditional water management technologies and to focus greater attention towards preserving them. The unique traditional stone spouts of the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, demonstrate human ingenuity in harnessing subsurface flows and are, as well, an example of outstanding social accomplishment in the form of communal collaboration. In addition, in places, some of these spouts are recognised as having significant heritage conservation value and thus contribute, via tourism, to the local and national e
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Dahal, S., RK Subedi, S. Maharjan, and J. Maharjan. "Smoking behavior of adolescents and their view towards government's ban on smoking in public places in Kathmandu." Nepal Journal of Medical Sciences 3, no. 2 (2015): 94–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njms.v3i2.13451.

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Background: Several studies have reported that different forms of tobacco use are high in Nepal. However, information about factors affecting the cigarette smoking behavior of adolescents is inadequate. The objective of this study was to explore the cigarette smoking behavior of adolescents and to determine its association with their views towards cigarette smoking.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 394 adolescent students by using questionnaire method in 3 randomly selected colleges of Kathmandu district, Nepal. Data were analyzed by using bivariate and binary logistic regre
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Gurung, Amrit Kumar. "General image of tourist destination of Nepal from tourist perspective." Journal of Advanced Academic Research 1, no. 1 (2015): 58–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jaar.v1i1.13514.

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Background and objective: Tourists are the people who visit new places to observe the places, natural beauty, cultural-environment, and many more rituals. The study was conducted to explore the general image of tourist destination of Nepal from the tourist perspective.Methodology: The study was conducted in the tourist destination of Kathmandu valley when tourists of different countries were randomly selected. The study was based on the descriptive research design. Structured questionnaires were developed using Likert’s scale.Result: There was no significant association found between the perce
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Jha, Rejeena, Binod Adhikari, and Dharmendra Singh. "Study of aerosol optical properties at different tourist places of Nepal." BIBECHANA 18, no. 1 (2021): 170–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bibechana.v18i1.29906.

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The comparative study of aerosol optical properties at different tourist places of Nepal has been performed. Langtang BC, Lumbini, Pokhara, Kathmandu-bode, EVK2-CNR, Jomsom and Kyanjin_Gompa were the places chosen for observation. We have analyzed the monthly and seasonal variation of aerosol optical properties for a different year of the above-mentioned places. AOD was found to be maximum in spring due to vegetation fire and land clearing for crop cultivation and, then in winter due to biomass burning, heating needs, pollution from bricks kilns, factories, and vehicles that contribute to wint
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Timsina, Binu, Pavel Kindlmann, Sajan Subedi, Subhash Khatri, and Maan B. Rokaya. "Epiphytic Orchid Diversity along an Altitudinal Gradient in Central Nepal." Plants 10, no. 7 (2021): 1381. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10071381.

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Epiphytic orchids are common in subtropical forests, but little is known about the factors that determine their diversity. We surveyed two sites (north-facing Phulchowki and south-facing Shivapuri hills), in the sub-tropical forest in the Kathmandu valley, central Nepal. Along five transects per site, spanning an altitudinal gradient of 1525–2606 m a.s.l., we recorded all epiphytic orchids and the host species on which they were growing. The data were analyzed using a generalized linear model (GLM) and redundancy analysis (RDA). Species richness significantly decreased with increasing altitude
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Pokhrel, Bishal, Sunita Mahat, and Kritri Parajuli. "Knowledge and practice regarding menstrual hygiene among physically disabled women in Kathmandu, Nepal." Janaki Medical College Journal of Medical Science 7, no. 1 (2019): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jmcjms.v7i1.29919.

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Background and Objectives: Disability is the condition of difficulty in carrying out daily activities normally and in taking part in social life due to problems in parts of the body and the physical system. Disability also carries stigma, so disabled people may face layers of discrimination when they are menstruating. The objective of the review is to assess the menstrual hygiene practice of disabled women, the barriers they face, and the available interventions to help them manage their menstruation hygienically and with dignity.
 Material and Methods: This was a cross-sectional descript
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Ghimire, Sudha, Gyanu Maharjan, and Binita Maharjan. "Perceived Discrimination and Problems Faced by Gender and Sexual Minorities in Kathmandu." Journal of Health Promotion 7 (September 6, 2019): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jhp.v7i0.25493.

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Equality and freedom from discrimination are fundamental human right regardless of sexual orientation, gender identity. Despite a society that is moving forward in acceptance of differences, many young people still maintain uncomfortable and confused attitudes towards on-heterosexual lifestyles. Thus, this study was conducted to assess the perceived discrimination and problems faced by gender and sexual minorities in Kathmandu. Descriptive cross-sectional design and purposive sampling method was utilized to select sample. The study was conducted on Gender and sexual Minorities Forum Nepal, blu
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Dahal, Sushma, Sabina Maharjan, Raj Kumar Subedi, and Juna Maharjan. "College students’ knowledge and attitude towards new regulation on smoking ban in public places in Nepal." Health Prospect 14, no. 2 (2015): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hprospect.v14i2.13284.

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Background: Nepal as a signatory to Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) in 2003 has passed a new tobacco control bill entitled “Tobacco product control and regulatory bill, 2010” in 2011. On this background, it is imperative to assess the knowledge and attitude of people towards this new regulation that forbids smoking in public places.Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 394 students of higher secondary level in three randomly selected colleges of Kathmandu district, Nepal. Information on respondents’ awareness on current ban, source of information,
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Lowther, David, Ann Sylph, and Mark F. Watson. "Brian Hodgson's Tibetan Mastiffs: twice presented to the Zoological Society of London." Archives of Natural History 46, no. 2 (2019): 220–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2019.0586.

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In November 1828, King George IV presented to the menagerie of the Zoological Society of London a pair of Tibetan Mastiffs (Canis lupus familiaris) sent from Nepal by Brian Houghton Hodgson, the Assistant Resident at the British Residency in Kathmandu. The dogs' stay was brief: within weeks of their arrival, both dogs had succumbed to distemper, a disorder which periodically ran rampant through the Society's collections. However, during their short lives they caught the imagination of those naturalists fortunate enough to see them, and they live on in a number of watercolours commissioned by H
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Kafle, B., V. D. Sharma, S. P. Ojha, M. Chapagain, P. Tulachan, and S. Dhungana. "Prevalence of Depression among elderly living in old age homes of Kathmandu Valley and its association with Sociodemographic variants." Journal of Psychiatrists' Association of Nepal 4, no. 1 (2017): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpan.v4i1.16742.

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Introduction: There has been a considerable increase in the numbers of older people in the world population of both developed and developing countries. The increasing elderly populations are prone to depression. Studies regarding depression among elderly, especially in old age homes is lesser in the developing countries.Objectives: To estimate prevalence of depression among elderly living in old age homes in Kathmandu valley and its association with the socio-demographic variables, individual factors and environmental factors.Method: It is a cross sectional study where 203 elderly people resid
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Kunwar, Ramesh R., and Netra P. Sharma. "A Preliminary Study of Yoga Tourism and its Prospects in Nepal." Journal of APF Command and Staff College 3, no. 1 (2020): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/japfcsc.v3i1.27526.

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This article attempts to reveal the prospects of yoga tourism in Nepal. Yoga is gaining popularity worldwide due to its inherent quality to transform a person from illness to wellness. This is the reason yoga tourism is studied in academia under the umbrella term of wellness tourism. There are potentialities how Nepal can be one of the best destinations for yoga tourism. Nepal is spiritually saturated country being the birthplace of Gautama Buddha and playground of Lord Shiva, the Yogishwara. At the same time, Nepal is a Himalayan country including the highest mountain, Mt. Everest. The cultur
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Gyawali, Hari Prasad, J. Shrestha, N. Nakarmi, and R. B. Tyata. "Effects of coaxial dielectric barrier discharge on water treatment at different sites of Kathmandu Valley, Nepal." Journal of Science and Engineering 5 (August 31, 2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jsce.v5i0.22366.

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The research work reports the results concerning the effects of ozone produced by dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) in well, river and industrial wastewater. The dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) unit was developed to produce highly oxidizing ozone molecules, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals for the treatment of water. The discharge was produced by applying AC high voltage (up to 10 kV peak-to-peaks) source of frequency 26 kHz across annular electrodes. The well and wastewater samples were collected from 5 different places of Kathmandu district, Nepal. Various physical, chemical and m
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Uprety, Sanjaya, and Barsha Shrestha. "Role of Heritage Activism in Post-Disaster Reconstruction." Journal of Disaster Research 16, no. 2 (2021): 194–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2021.p0194.

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In Nepal, heritage conservation is inherently political, as can be observed from the several heritage activisms in the various forms of protests, demonstrations, and criticisms of post-disaster reconstruction efforts of heritage structures of Kathmandu, which were heavily damaged by the Gorkha Earthquake of 2015. The politicization of heritage reconstruction is conspicuous in the government’s approach to defining heritage objects and places for conservation, the methods by which it interprets the relics of the past, and the cultural history and the opposition it receives from local communities
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Shrestha, Yadin. "Observed Behavior of Reinforced Concrete and Unreinforced Masonry Buildings in April 25, 2015 Nepal Earthquake." Journal of the Institute of Engineering 11, no. 1 (2016): 177–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v11i1.14713.

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In order to investigate the effects of devastating 7.8 M Gorkha Earthquake that struck Nepal on 25 April, 2015 and its aftershocks on reinforced concrete and unreinforced masonry buildings, a small survey team was dispatched from Institute of Engineering, Thapathali Campus. From the observation it was found that the earthquake caused extensive damages on the low-strength stone masonry buildings with no seismic detailing. In contrast, most of the reinforced concrete buildings sustained minor to some non-structural damages except in some localized places where the buildings were found to be coll
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Ghartimagar, Samita, Puja Khatri, Swekshya Neupane, Dev Raj Joshi, and Tista Prasai Joshi. "Evaluation of Ground Water Quality of Kathmandu Valley and Antibiotic Susceptibility test against Klebsiella pneumoniae." Tribhuvan University Journal of Microbiology 7 (December 27, 2020): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/tujm.v7i0.33850.

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Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess quality status of ground water in Kathmandu valley and describe the antibiotic susceptibility of the isolated Klebsiella pneumoniae. 
 Methods: A total of 100 samples were collected from different places of Kathmandu valley with 50 each from two different groundwater sources namely boring and well. This study was conducted from June to September, 2019 at Environment and Climate Study Laboratory, Nepal Academy of Science and Technology (NAST). The physicochemical analysis of the samples was done according to standard methodology. Membrane fil
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Shah, Binod Kumar, Sapana Sharma, Gita Shakya, and Bishnu Prasad Upadhyay. "Multiple drug resistant Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella and Shigella from Nepalgunj Cholera outbreak and different hospitals of Nepal." Nepalese Journal of Biosciences 2 (January 24, 2013): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njbs.v2i0.7487.

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Diarrhoea is a major health problem throughout the world, and responsible for high morbidity and mortality in Nepal. The crosssectional prospective study was carried out to screen ESBL producer from MDR Vibrio Cholerae, Salmonella and Shigella from 268 diarrhoeal stools from Nepalgunj Cholera outbreak and different hospitals of Nepal during April 2010 to January 2011. The specimens were processed by standard microbiological methods and confirmed with serology. Altogether 14.18% of bacteria were isolated with 8.21% V. cholerae O1 El Tor Ogawa, 2.24% Shigella flexneri B and 3.73% Salmonella spp.
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Shah, Binod Kumar, Sapana Sharma, Gita Shakya, and Bishnu Prasad Upadhyay. "Cholera, Shigellosis and Salmonellosis Incidence Among the People of some Districts of Nepal." Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 13, no. 1 (2013): 165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v13i1.7455.

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Diarrhoea is a major health problem throughout the world, and responsible for high morbidity and mortality in Nepal. The cross-sectional prospective study was carried out to determine the incidence of Cholera, Shigellosis and Salmonellosis with screening of possible extended spectrum â-lactamase producers from 268 diarrhoeal stool samples from Nepalgunj area and different hospitals of Nepal during April 2010 to January 2011. The specimens were processed by standard microbiological methods and the casual organisms confirmed with serology. Altogether 14.18% of bacterial incidence was found with
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Basnet, Deepa. "Identification of Landfill Site by Using Geospatial Technology and Multi Criteria Method- A Case Study of Kathmandu, Bhaktapur and Lalitpur District of Nepal." International Journal of Environment 4, no. 1 (2015): 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v4i1.12183.

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Landfill is a mode of municipal solid waste disposal. Thus, it is imperative to select relevant site for land filling in order to curtail environmental damage and harmful impacts on wellbeing of public. Through the decades, rummage around various places for landfill site has been going on concerning its distance from artery road, resident area and water surface in order to prevent serious health and environmental hazards. In case of Nepal, Sisdole landfill site at Okharpauwa VDC in Nuwakot is struggling to manage garbage produced by the Kathmandu valley. The valley alone mounds to 700 metric t
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Pokharel, Badal, and Prem Bahadur Thapa. "Landslide susceptibility in Rasuwa District of central Nepal after the 2015 Gorkha Earthquake." Journal of Nepal Geological Society 59 (July 25, 2019): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jngs.v59i0.24992.

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The 2015 Gorkha Earthquake (7.8 Mw) triggered several landslides in central Nepal with major damages in 14 districts. Among them, the Rasuwa district at the north of Kathmandu Valley faced severe landslides due to rugged topography, complex geology and improper land use development. The landslides had blocked the Pasang Lhamu Highway and dammed the Trishuli River at many places. A total of 1416 landslide locations were detected in the district from high resolution satellite images in Google Earth. In this study, landslide susceptibility was modeled in the Rasuwa District by considering slope,
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Pokhrel, Balram, Ping Gong, Xiaoping Wang, et al. "Atmospheric organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in urban areas of Nepal: spatial variation, sources, temporal trends, and long-range transport potential." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 18, no. 2 (2018): 1325–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-1325-2018.

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Abstract. The study of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in low-latitude tropical and subtropical urban cities is necessary to assess their local and global impacts on ecosystems and human health. Despite studies on levels of POPs in water, soils, and sediments, analysis of the distribution patterns, seasonality, and sources of POPs in urban regions of Nepal remain limited. Polyurethane foam (PUF)-based passive air samplers were deployed in three major cities in Nepal: Kathmandu (the capital city), Pokhara, and Hetauda (agricultural cities). Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and hexachl
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Burlakoti, Niru, Jitendra Upadhyaya, Nandani Ghimire, et al. "Physical, chemical and microbiological characterization of processed drinking water in central Nepal: current state study." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 10, no. 1 (2020): 157–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2020.111.

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Abstract This study was undertaken to analyse processed bottled water for drinking water quality. Altogether 50 water samples of different brands were randomly collected from public places in Kathmandu valley. The samples were analysed for physical (turbidity, pH and electrical conductivity), chemical (iron, manganese, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, ammonia, fluoride, chloride, sulphate, copper, total hardness, calcium, mercury and aluminum) and microbiological (fecal coliform and total coliform) parameters. The results revealed that >300 CFU/100 mL of Escherichia coli (E. coli) (fec
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Rokka, Komal, and Sanjeev Singh. "Reconfiguring the traditional knowledge system for providing earthquake resistance: The case of post-disaster reconstruction of Khokana Village, Nepal." Journal of Traditional Building, Architecture and Urbanism, no. 1 (November 20, 2020): 509–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.51303/jtbau.vi1.375.

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Cultural landscapes represent a closely woven net of inter-relationships between people, events and places over time; they are a symbol of the growing recognition of the fundamental links between local communities and their heritage, between people and their natural environment, and are hence crucial to their identity. In architectural projects like post-disaster reconstruction, which revolves around the needs of the communities decimated by a disaster, decisions taken become especially critical, as they have a long-term impact on the community and its built environment. It therefore requires
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Parajuli, Puspa, Narayani Paudel, and Santoshi Shrestha. "Knowledge and practices regarding menstrual hygiene among adolescent girls of rural Nepal." Journal of Kathmandu Medical College 5, no. 1 (2017): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jkmc.v5i1.18262.

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Background: Adolescence is a transition period from childhood to adult life during which pubertal development and sexual maturation takes place, thus adolescents have to face physiological development challenges. Adolescent girls often lack knowledge regarding reproductive health including menstrual hygiene which can be due to socio-cultural barriers in which they are grown up.Objective: To assess the knowledge and practices regarding menstrual hygiene among adolescent girls.Methods: A descriptive study was done among one hundred and two adolescent girls of Shree Jansewa Higher Secondary Schoo
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Chapagain, Prem Sagar. "Tourism Development and Energy Consumption Pattern in Langtang Valley of Nepal Himalayas." Journal of Development and Administrative Studies 23, no. 1-2 (2016): 69–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jodas.v23i1-2.15449.

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Langtang is one of the three major trekking destinations in Nepal. Tourism development in Langtang was started since after the establishment of Langtang National Park in 1976. Langtang is the nearest mountain trekking route from Kathmandu. About 12000 tourists visit annually in Langtang Valley. The Langtang valley from Syabrubesi to Kyanjing has rich physical, biological and cultural diversity which has been the center of tourism activities in Langtang region. This paper aims to trace out the tourism development trend and energy consumption pattern by hotels and lodges of the region. There are
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Singh, Amit Kumar, Robin Man Karmacharya, Satish Vaidya, Bala Ram Malla, and Gakul Bhatt. "Knowledge, Attitude and Practices towards COVID-19 among Medical Students." Journal of KIST Medical College 2, no. 2 (2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jkistmc.v2i2.33564.

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Introduction: In late December 2019, COVID-19 was first seen in Wuhan, China which has been spreading to the whole world in subsequent months. Till the time this manuscript is written, COVID-19 has infected more than 2million people and killed more than 129843 people all around the world. First step in fighting against COVID-19 is to have appropriate knowledge and correct attitude and practices.
 Methods: This study was done to know the knowledge, attitude and practices on COVID-19 amongst medical students of Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences (KUSMS) using internet based str
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Sapkota, D., D. Sharma, H. P. Pokharel, Shyam Sundar Budhathoki, and Vijay Kumar Khanal. "Knowledge and practices regarding menstruation among school going adolescents of rural Nepal." Journal of Kathmandu Medical College 2, no. 3 (2014): 122–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jkmc.v2i3.9962.

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Background: Adolescence is a transition period from childhood to adult life during which pubertal development and sexual maturation take place, thus making physiological development a challenge adolescents have to face. There is a substantial lacuna in the knowledge towards menstruation among adolescent girls. Menstrual hygiene and management is an issue that is insufficiently acknowledged and has not received adequate attention. Objective: This study was done to assess the knowledge and practices regarding menstruation among school going adolescents. Methods: A descriptive study was done amon
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Phaiju, Libas, Rameswor Shrestha, and Suraj Shah. "Earthquake Risk Management on a Community Level - A Case Study of Bhaktapur Durbar Square." Journal of Science and Engineering 6 (May 3, 2019): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jsce.v6i0.23962.

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Earthquake is a natural hazard which when it happens turn out to be disaster that kill thousands of people and cause devastation of cities and villages within 30-60 seconds. Natural disaster may cause large economic impact and impeded socioeconomic development. Virtually the entire population of Nepal is at risk of natural hazards. Earthquake interrupts the proper functioning of the community causing socio-cultural and economic imbalances and losses which results very hard situation to sustain life with available resources. Due to its location on a tectonic active zone Nepal has a long history
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Pun, Lal Bahadur. "Migrants’ Stories of Everyday Life: An Ethnographic Account." Journal of Education and Research 8, no. 1 (2019): 46–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jer.v8i1.25479.

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This article discusses migrants’ stories of everyday life. The migrants inscribe their different stories in the new contexts and social systems. After mirroring migrants’ first-hand stories, those stories are retold by migrants themselves and also by readers or audiences. The retelling of those stories reveals the reflections of individuals, groups, or on any social events or ceremonies. Against this background, this article aims at explicating how migrants coin their stories in the social worlds, which they practise in their everyday life. As a narrative ethnographer, I have attempted to knit
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Sharma, Sarswati, and Sarala Joshi. "Lived Experiences of People Living with Type II Diabetes: A qualitative study." Journal of Advanced Academic Research 3, no. 1 (2017): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jaar.v3i1.16614.

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Introduction: Nepal is experiencing a double disease burden: Communicable diseases as well as rising incidence of non-communicable diseases. It is believed to be due to unhealthy life style and faulty food habit. Among the NCD Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is considered to be a major health problem.Methods: This study has adapted Phenomenological approach in which the researcher has tried to explore the perceptions and beliefs of people living with type 2 diabetes. In this study two instruments were used; in-depth interview were taken in 21 respondents who are attending different hospitals of Kathman
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Shah, Pradeep Kumar, and Shashi Bhushan Chaturwedi. "Physicochemical and Bacteriological Water Analysis of Bagmati and Bishnumati River." Tribhuvan University Journal 33, no. 1 (2019): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/tuj.v33i1.28678.

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Water pollution, one of the serious environmental issues of the world, results from contaminants being introduced into the natural environment. This study was conducted in the Microbiology laboratory, DAV College, Dhobighat, Lalitpur, Nepal from January to May 2018 with aims to assess the physicochemical and microbiological status of river water of Kathmandu valley. All together 60 water samples were collected, 20 water samples each from different places of Bagmati river, Bishnumati river and river junction (Teku Dovan). The physicochemical parameters including pH, ammonia and iron, hardness a
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Gajurel, A. P., P. Huyghe, C. France Lanord, J. L. Mugnier, B. N. Upreti, and P. Le Fort. "Seismites in the Kathmandu basin, Nepal." Journal of Nepal Geological Society 18 (December 1, 1998). http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jngs.v18i0.32204.

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The Kathmandu valley is a large intermontane basin carried above the Himalayan major decollement. It is limited southward by the Mahabharat Range, which forms the hanging wall of the Mahabharat Thrust, and northward by the Shivapuri Range. The Kathmandu basin is filled with a very thick (500-600 m) sequence of fluvio-lacustrine Plio-Pleistocene sediments, which unconformably overlie the folded and faulted Precambrian-Palaeozoic Kathmandu Complex. These semi-consolidated deposits mainly consist of fine to coarse sand, sandy loam, sandy silty clay, and gravely conglomerate.
 New field data
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Gajurel, A. P., P. Huyghe, B. N. Upreti, and J. L. Mugnier. "Palaeoseismicity in the Koteshwor area of the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, inferred from the soft sediment deformational structures." Journal of Nepal Geological Society 22 (December 1, 2000). http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jngs.v22i0.32430.

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Palaeoseisms have left their imprints within the Plio-Pleistocene tluvio-lacustrine soft sediments of the Kathmandu Basin. Recently, a temple foundation excavation at Koteshwor exposed a soft sediment layer with deformation al structures. The deformed horizon ranges in thickness from 60 to 90 cm. It can be separated into the following three zones, from top to bottom, respectively: (1) homogenised zone. (2) ball-and-pillow zone, and (3) basal zone. The shaking forces strongly agitated the topmost soft-sediment layer, and in this process, the sediments wcre mixed-up, producing subsequently the h
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39

Shrestha, Neharika, Nikhil Shrestha, Suzit Bhusal, et al. "Prevalence of Smoking among Medical Students in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital." Journal of Nepal Medical Association 58, no. 226 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.31729/jnma.5006.

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Introduction: Tobacco smoking is one of the most important preventable risk factors for noncommunicable diseases. It has been seen that medical students have a higher frequency of smokingcompared to the general population. This study aims to determine the prevalence of smoking amongthird-year medical students in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Nepal.
 Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among the hospital’s third-yearundergraduate medical students over a four-month period (October 2019 to January 2020). Ethicalclearance was received from the Institutional Re
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