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Academic literature on the topic 'Pleistocene mammal'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Pleistocene mammal"

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Mayhew, D. F., F. E. Dieleman, A. A. Slupik, L. W. van den Hoek Ostende, and J. W. F. Reumer. "Small mammal assemblages from the Quaternary succession at Moriaanshoofd (Zeeland, the Netherlands) and their significance for correlating the Oosterschelde fauna." Netherlands Journal of Geosciences - Geologie en Mijnbouw 93, no. 3 (2014): 119–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/njg.2014.6.

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AbstractWe investigated fossil small mammals from a borehole near Moriaanshoofd (Zeeland, southwest Netherlands) in order to get better insights in the fossil mammal faunas that are found in the subsurface in the southwestern Netherlands, and to investigate the age and provenance of the mammal fauna that is being dredged from the deep tidal gullies in the nearby Oosterschelde estuary. The record in the borehole covers Gelasian (Early Pleistocene) to Holocene deposits, represented by six formations. Thirty-nine specimens of small mammals were obtained from the borehole. These fossils derived from the Early Pleistocene marine Maassluis Formation and from directly overlying deposits of a Late Pleistocene age. During Weichselian times (33–24 ka), a proto-Schelde River shaped the northern Oosterschelde area. The river reworked substantial amounts of Early and Middle Pleistocene deposits. At the base of the Schelde-derived fluvial sequence (regionally described as the Koewacht Formation), Gelasian vertebrate faunas were concentrated in the channel lag. The Late Pleistocene channel lag is almost certainly the main source for the rich Early Pleistocene vertebrate faunas with larger mammals dredged from the Oosterschelde.

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Markova, Anastasia K., and Andrey Yu Puzachenko. "Small mammal fauna in Europe during the second half of the Middle Pleistocene." Fossil Imprint 73, no. 1-2 (2017): 48–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/if-2017-0002.

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Evolutionary changes in European small mammals during the second half of the Middle Pleistocene, from the Likhvin (Holsteinian, Hoxnian) Interglacial (MIS 11) to the beginning of the Mikulino (Eemian) Interglacial (MIS 5e), that is between 424 ka BP and 130 ka BP were traced. Trends in evolutionary change were documented, and East European and West European faunas were compared. An integrated analysis of available theriological, geological, and geochronological data for the second half of the Middle Pleistocene in Europe has shown marked changes in the small mammal fauna throughout the period under consideration and provided information on the climate and environments at different time intervals. Changes traceable in the Arvicolinae phyletic lines made a correlation between the West European and East European mammal localities possible. The biostratigraphic scheme of the second half of the Middle Pleistocene has been developed and maps of small mammal localities compiled.

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Markova, A. K., and A. Yu Puzachenko. "MIDDLE PLEISTOCENE SMALL MAMMAL fAUNAS Of EUROPE: EVOLUTION, BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, CORRELATIONS." GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY 11, no. 3 (2018): 21–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2018-11-3-21-38.

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The paper is concerned with the small mammal fauna evolution in Europe in the Middle Pleistocene. The information on the faunas of the end of the Early Pleistocene has been also taken into consideration. The data available made possible identifying several stages in the small mammal evolution. Not all intervals within the Middle Pleistocene are provided with sufficient information for recognizing individual stages; that is particularly true for the cold periods of the Middle Pleistocene – the Donian and the Okian glaciations (=Elsterian, =Anglian). Based on the studies of small mammal localities, the biostratigraphic scheme has been developed, the principal phylogenetic lineages of Arvicolinae were traced, and maps of the Middle Pleistocene small mammal localities have been compiled

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Markova, Anastasia K. "Pleistocene mammal faunas of Eastern Europe." Quaternary International 160, no. 1 (2007): 100–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2006.09.011.

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Agadzhanyan, Alexandre K., Inesa A. Vislobokova, Mikhail V. Shunkov, and V. A. Ulyanov. "Pleistocene mammal fauna of the Trlica locality, Montenegro." Fossil Imprint 73, no. 1-2 (2017): 93–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/if-2017-0005.

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The paper presents new evidence on the small and large mammal fauna from the Trlica locality, Montenegro, based on our records from the 2010 – 2014 excavations. It is shown that the lower layers of the locality correspond to the Early Pleistocene, and the upper layers are dated as the beginning of the Middle Pleistocene. The results obtained allow us to characterize the environment in which the oldest hominid migrants dwelt in this region of South-Eastern Europe. Within the interval 1.8–1.5 Ma, there was a relatively cool climate in the region. At the beginning of the Middle Pleistocene, the climate became milder; the areas occupied by forests, including broad-leaved forests, increased. The presence of Lagurini throughout the section is evidence of the existence of local areas of steppe in northern Montenegro during the Early Pleistocene and first half of the Middle Pleistocene.

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Graham, Russell W. "Response of North American mammal communities to late Quaternary environmental fluctuations." Paleontological Society Special Publications 6 (1992): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475262200006729.

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The late Quaternary was a time of rapid environmental fluctuations. The last glacial maximum was reached about 20 ka with continental glaciers covering most of Canada as well as the northeastern and upper midwestern United States (U.S.). Glacial ice physically displaced entire terrestrial biomes and the cooler climates altered distributions of species outside of the glacial limits. About 14 ka, the climate began to warm rapidly and glacial ice retreated northward, opening new landscapes for colonization by terrestrial biotas. Maximum warmth was reached between 9–5 ka with a time transgressive progression from west to east.Radiocarbon chronologies allow for fine scale (100's to 1000's of years) resolution of mammal responses to these changes. Mammal communities did not respond as intact units but individual species shifted diachronically along environmental gradients. As a result, many late Pleistocene mammal communities contain associations of extant species that do not occur together today and appear to be ecologically incompatible. Pleistocene mammal communities also had a greater diversity of species than either Holocene or modern ones. This greater diversity was, in part, due to the existence of a diverse megafauna that became extinct at the end of the Pleistocene (10 ka). However, Pleistocene small mammal guilds with extant species, especially insectivores and microtine rodents, were also more diverse. Rapid changes in small mammal species distributions, diversity patterns, and clinal shifts around 10 ka strengthens environmental models for the end-Pleistocene extinction.Modern mammal communities began to appear at the end of the Pleistocene and into the Holocene. In the eastern U.S., the species composition of these communities has been stable for the last 10 ka, although vegetational communities have shown change throughout the Holocene. In other parts of the U.S., middle Holocene warming caused some species to shift their geographic ranges. However, species composition of communities was not significantly altered. Understanding these changes not only provides a better perspective for viewing mammal communities of the past but it may also give insight into those of the future as climate will continue to vacillate, whether induced naturally or anthropogenically.

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Lyman, R. Lee. "Terminal Pleistocene change in mammal communities in southeastern Washington State, USA." Quaternary Research 81, no. 2 (2014): 295–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2013.10.019.

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AbstractSmall mammal communities in western North America experienced declines in taxonomic richness across the late Pleistocene to Holocene transition (PHT), a recent natural global warming event. One community also experienced a decline in evenness and others replaced one species with a congener. Variability in response of small mammal communities to PHT warming is apparent. At the presently arid and xeric Marmes site in the Columbia Basin of southeastern Washington State, megafauna were absent by about 13,000 cal yr BP, evenness of small mammals declined about 11,700 cal yr BP and again about 11,400 cal yr BP whereas richness declined about 11,400 cal BP. Regional faunal turnover was, however, minimal among small-bodied taxa. Local mammal communities are depauperate as a result of megafaunal extinctions and subsequent decreases in small-mammal richness and evenness. The latter chronologically corresponds with a decrease in primary productivity driven by increasing warmth and aridity. More faunas must be studied in order to fully document the range of variability in the responses of mammalian communities to PHT warming. Documentation of patterns in those responses will facilitate understanding and enhance predictive accuracy with respect to responses of mammalian communities to modern global warming.

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Capasso Barbato, L., G. Di Stefano, C. Petronio, and R. Sardella. "PLEISTOCENE MAMMAL FAUNAS FROM PONTE MOLLE (ROME)." Quaternary International 47-48 (March 1998): 73–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1040-6182(97)00072-4.

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Potts, Richard, and Alan Deino. "Mid-Pleistocene Change in Large Mammal Faunas of East Africa." Quaternary Research 43, no. 1 (1995): 106–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1995.1010.

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AbstractSingle-crystal 40Ar/39Ar age estimates of 392,000 ± 4000 to 330,000 ± 6000 yr from Lainyamok, a middle Pleistocene fossil locality in the southern Kenya rift, document the oldest evidence from sub-Saharan Africa of a diverse, large mammal fauna consisting entirely of extant species. The inferred age of this fauna implies an upper limit for extinction of species that characterize well-calibrated, mid-Pleistocene fossil assemblages in East Africa. For its age and species richness, the Lainyamok fauna is surprising for its lack of extinct forms (e.g., the bovine Pelorovis) well documented in later faunal assemblages of East and South Africa. Definitive presence of the South African blesbok (Damaliscus dorcas) is also unexpected, especially as this alcelaphine bovid is the dominant large mammal in the Lainyamok fauna. These age estimates and the faunal composition at Lainyamok indicate that geographic ranges and taxonomic associations of extant largebodied mammals were susceptible to wide fluctuations in sub-Saharan Africa over the past 330,000 yr. This inference is consistent with the hypothesis of nonanalogue, or ephemeral, biotas believed to characterize late Quaternary ecosystems of northern continents.

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Loy, Thomas H., and E. James Dixon. "Blood Residues on Fluted Points from Eastern Beringia." American Antiquity 63, no. 1 (1998): 21–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2694774.

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Blood residues have been microscopically and chemically detected on fluted projectile points from eastern Beringia. From these residues a variety of large mammal species, including mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius), have been identified using biochemical and molecular-biological methods. This is the first time a direct association has been made between the use of fluted projectile points and human predation of extinct fauna and other large Pleistocene mammals in arctic and subarctic North America. This suggests the northern fluted-point assemblages are part of the Paleoindian big-game hunting tradition that was widespread in North America at the close of the Pleistocene.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pleistocene mammal"

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Terry, Ina M. "The Ohio Pleistocene Mammal Database (OPMDB): Creation and Preliminary Taphonomic and Spatial Analyses." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1377456136.

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Fernandez, Garcia Monica. "Late Pleistocene palaeoenvironmental reconstruction of Northeastern Iberia : taxonomic, taphonomic and isotopic approach based on small-mammal assemblages." Thesis, Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MNHN0010.

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L'objectif principal de cette thèse de doctorat est la reconstruction paléoenvironnementale enregistrée pendant le Pléistocène supérieur dans la péninsule ibérique du nord-ouest. Le stade 3 de l’isotope marin (MIS 3) a principalement été étudié, en combinant différentes approches scientifiques basées sur l’étude des ensembles fauniques de petits mammifères (insectivores, chauves-souris et rongeurs). Les trois sites analysés sont: l'Abric Romaní (Capellades, Barcelone), la grotte des Teixoneres (Moià, Barcelone) et la grotte d'Arbreda (Serinya, Gérone). Un quatrième site paléontologique contemporain, la grotte Xaragalls (Vimbodí-Poblet, Tarragone), était également inclus. L'objectif est d'intégrer les données disponibles des séquences archéologiques aux données dérivées de l'approche paléontologique et de l'analyse isotopique de l'oxygène, afin de permettre une augmentation des connaissances environnementales du MIS 3 d'un point de vue plus strictement régional et pour mieux comprendre la singularité climatique de la dernière phase de Néandertal dans la péninsule ibérique. L'étude s'est concentrée sur l'analyse isotopique de l'oxygène (δ18O) de l'émail dentaire chez les rongeurs modernes et fossiles des sites archéologiques susmentionnés. L'analyse tafonomique et taxonomique basée sur les petits mammifères a également contribué à l'enrichissement des connaissances écologiques, permettant une interprétation plus large des sites analysés. D'autres méthodes, également utilisées, sur les restes fossiles de petits mammifères pour la reconstruction paléoenvironnementale sont la méthode commune des intervalles éco-géographiques, la méthode des habitats pondérés, la classification corotypique des organismes et la méthode basée sur le modèle bioclimatique. Au vu des résultats obtenus, ces travaux montrent qu'il faut prendre en compte deux facteurs importants dans la reconstruction du paléoenvironnement ibérique à partir d'analyses isotopiques de l'oxygène: la saisonnalité possible de l'accumulation de rongeurs, dérivée de leur prédateur, et les particularités régionales en termes de valeurs de δ18O des eaux météoriques de la péninsule ibérique. Une nouvelle proposition méthodologique utilisée pour la reconstruction de la paléo-température et obtenue de l'étude dentaire de rongeurs δ18Op dans la péninsule ibérique, après avoir été élaborée conformément aux dispositions, a été appliquée aux sites archéologiques et paléontologiques étudiés. Le paléoenvironnement enregistré montre des conditions généralement plus froides et plus humides qu'aujourd'hui et une homogénéité climatique importante a été identifiée dans tous les sites, avec de légères variations liées aux pulsations entre les stades et les interstades, qui se traduisent par des oscillations entre les abondances des espèces méditerranéennes et de Europe centrale. Les formations forestières sont toujours abondantes dans toutes les séquences. La persistance des couvertures forestières, ainsi que les légères variations climatiques et communautaires des rongeurs globalement stables, démontrent les particularités de la péninsule ibérique, contrastant avec la grande instabilité climatique enregistrée en Eurasie. Ce travail met en évidence le fait que la combinaison d’une analyse paléoécologique à l’échelle locale et d’une analyse à grande échelle permet essentiellement une reconstruction plus fidèle du paléoenvironnement<br>The main objective of the PhD thesis is the reconstruction of palaeoenvironment experienced during the Late Pleistocene, mainly during Marine Isotope Stage 3 (MIS 3), at northeastern Iberia, through the combination of different ecological approaches based on small-mammal assemblages (insectivores, bats and rodents). Three archaeological sites are included: Abric Romaní rock-shelter (Capellades, Barcelona); Teixoneres cave (Moià, Barcelona) and Arbreda cave (Serinyà, Girona). It is also included a paleontological site from a close chronology, Xaragalls cave (Vimbodí-Poblet, Tarragona). The aim is the integration of the available data of the studied archaeological sequences through palaeoecological and oxygen isotope compositions analysis for increasing our knowledge about the MIS 3 environment from a regional point of view and reach a better understanding of the climatic singularities of Iberia during last Neanderthals settlements. One of the focus is fixed in oxygen isotope compositions (δ18O) analyzed from enamel tooth phosphates of both modern and fossil rodent remains of these localities. Taphonomic and taxonomical analyses based on small-mammals are also performed to reach a complete ecological interpretation of these sites. Other methods currently use in palaeoenvironmetal reconstructions based on small-mammal assemblages were also employed, such as mutual ecogeographic range method, habitat weighting method, chorotypes classification and bioclimatic model method. Considering the isotopic results obtained, this work shows that two main factors should be considered in Iberian palaeoenvironmental reconstructions: the possible seasonality of the rodent assemblages, derived from the predator, and the regional particularities on δ18O values of meteoric waters in the Iberian Peninsula. Accordingly, a new methodological proposal for the reconstruction of palaeotemperatures from rodent tooth δ18O accumulated in the Iberian Peninsula was developed and after applied to the archeological and paleontological sites studied. The recorded palaeoenvironment show globally cooler and wetter conditions than nowadays but it is detected notable climatic stability in all sites, with only slight changes related to stadial-interstadial pulsations, reflected mainly in oscitations between Mediterranean and mid-European species abundances. Woodland formations are always abundant throughout the sequences. The continuous maintenance of woodland covertures besides slight climatic variations and globally stable rodent communities, demonstrate the singularities of Iberian Peninsula, in contrast to the high climatic instability experience in Eurasia. This work highlights that a combination of different local-scale palaeoecological proxies compared to larger-scale proxies is essential to obtain faithful environmental reconstructions

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Jeffrey, Amy. "Exploring palaeoaridity using stable oxygen and carbon isotopes in small mammal teeth : a case study from two Late Pleistocene archaeological cave sites in Morocco, North Africa." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5443f540-1049-4f89-8240-970afd5e59f5.

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Revised chronologies from Moroccan cave sites have raised questions concerning the timing of changes in human cultural behaviour in relation to past climate shifts. However, many of the inferences about past moisture regimes are based on external records. Therefore, this thesis aimed to develop a palaeoclimate record using oxygen and carbon isotope values (d18O and d13C) in Gerbillinae (gerbil) teeth from two Late Pleistocene cave sites, El Harhoura 2 and Taforalt, in Morocco. Since small mammals are not commonly used to construct proxy climate records, a modern isotope study was undertaken in northwestern Africa to understand the influences on the stable isotope composition of small mammal tissues in semi-arid and arid settings. The results from the modern study show that d18O composition of gerbil teeth is strongly correlated with mean annual precipitation (MAP), and therefore in arid settings reflects moisture availability. Predictably, the d13C values of the gerbil teeth reflected C3 and C4 dietary inputs, but arid and mesic sites could not be distinguished because of the high variability displayed in d13C. The d18O isotope-based MAP reconstructions suggest that the Mediterranean coastal region of North Africa did not experience hyper-arid conditions during the Late Pleistocene. The d13C values of the gerbil teeth show that C3 vegetation dominated in the Late Pleistocene, but there was a small amount C4 vegetation present at Taforalt. This indicates that small mammals are extremely sensitive to discreet shifts in past vegetation cover. Both the modern and archaeological studies demonstrated that the isotope values of molars and incisors differed. The results indicate that tooth choice is an important consideration for applications as proxy Quaternary records, but also highlights a new potential means to distinguish seasonal contexts. Comparisons of proxy climate records and cultural sequences at Taforalt and El Harhoura 2 show that Middle Stone Age occupations of both sites occurred during relatively humid and arid climate phases. The transition to the Later Stone Age appears to have taken place during a period of increased aridity, hinting that this cultural transition may be related to changing environmental conditions.

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Mercer, Lonnie T. "Geology of the Tierras Blancas Area in the Southeastern Acambay Graben, Central Mexico." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2005. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/303.

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Pliocene-Pleistocene sediments in the southeastern Acambay graben, central Mexico have yielded mammal fossils, including Equus simplicidens, cf. Rhynchotherium, ?Camelops, Mammuthus sp., Bison sp., and Antilocapra sp. The fossiliferous sediments include a period of lacustrine sedimentation in the late Pliocene-early Pleistocene that interrupted fluvial and alluvial sedimentation during the early Pliocene and Pleistocene. The sediments deposited in this late Pliocene paleolake record a history of lake level fluctuations, shown by lithologic variations in lacustrine sediments and abundance of vertebrate burrows. Volcanic and tectonic events in the Acambay graben were the major controls on sedimentation during Pliocene-Pleistocene time. Various local volcanic structures produced source rocks for Pliocene-Pleistocene sediments, and intra-arc extensional tectonics caused basin subsidence. Blockage of stream drainages by lava flows or perhaps increased basin subsidence contributed to the appearance of and fluctuations in the lacustrine system during the late Pliocene. Diatom assemblages from lacustrine sediments indicate slightly higher precipitation and humidity than present-day conditions in the Acambay graben. Therefore, climatic forcing may have also contributed to the development of the late Pliocene paleolake in the Acambay graben. Pliocene-Pleistocene volcanic rocks in this part of the Acambay graben range from basaltic andesite to rhyolite. The calc-alkaline composition of these volcanic rocks is similar to others in the modern Mexican Volcanic Belt; they have a continental arc affinity, which is consistent with a tectonic setting within the Mexican Volcanic Belt. The major eruptive episode in the Acambay graben occurred during the early Pliocene, although volcanism, represented by small volcanic structures, continued until the late Pleistocene. This observed decline in volcanism in the Acambay graben correlates with a early Pliocene through Quaternary trenchward migration of volcanism in the Mexican Volcanic Belt.

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Collinge, Sarah Elizabeth. "Body size and community structure in British Pleistocene mammals." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249233.

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This study explores patterns of body size variation in the ungulates and large carnivores of the British Middle and Late Pleistocene (ca. 750-10 kyr B.P.) and examines how communities were organised in terms of the body sizes of their members. Body size analysis has been carried out using estimated body mass data, produced through the application of allometric scaling equations. A high degree of estimate consistency was achieved within and between skeletal elements, indicating that the methods produce accurate representations of mass. The biostratigraphic scheme applied relates terrestrial deposits to the Oxygen Isotope Record of climatic change. Body mass data generally supports the coherence of the stratigraphic divisions utilised. The majority of species underwent significant mass variation during the study period, with size differences identified at the 01 Stage and Sub-Stage level. Post-crania appear to be more suitable for mass estimation than teeth. Comparison of the mass records produced from dental and post-cranial remains indicates whether size change events had a genetic or ecophenotypic basis. The patterns of body size variation revealed have been related to palaeoenvironmental conditions. British Pleistocene ungulates generally underwent size change opposite to the predictions of Bergmann's rule, while carnivores maintained relatively constant body sizes across periods of temperature variation. Primary productivity and levels of seasonality appear to have been the major determinants of ungulate body size. Carnivore body sizes may be related to size variations in their prey and can also be influenced by vegetation conditions ifpredation levels are affected, although changes in dental proportions may also result. Analysis of community structure suggests that the body sizes of different guild members were not closely linked during the Pleistocene. Community body mass distributions predicted by competition theory have not been consistently identified. The mammal communities appear to be loose associations of species acting individualistically and responding in different ways to environmental challenges.

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Schreve, Danielle Caroline. "Mammalian biostratigraphy of the later Middle Pleistocene in Britain." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1998. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1317926/.

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This study explores and develops the potential of fossil mammals to differentiate between the various climatic episodes of the post-Anglian Middle Pleistocene in Britain. Mammalian fossils are particularly valuable as biostratigraphic indicators on account of their morphological evolution and rapid turnover, through origination and extinction of species. Furthermore, the large-scale climatic fluctuations that affected north-west Europe during the Quaternary produced major shifts in the geographical distributions of many species, resulting in discernible patterns of presence and absence in the fossil record of a particular region. The development of a globally-applicable climatostratigraphic framework, based on the oxygen isotope record from deep-ocean sediments, has provided a new and challenging scheme for the interpretation of the British Quaternary record. Long fluvial sequences in Britain have been related to this record with considerable success, thereby providing a detailed archive of climatic change through the Pleistocene. The Thames valley was selected as a framework for the relative dating of the various climatic fluctuations, since it has been claimed to have the most reliably-dated long terrestrial sequence in the later Middle Pleistocene. The Thames model was therefore adopted as a testable hypothesis against which the mammalian evidence could be compared. The findings of this study confirm the presence of four complete climatic cycles between the Anglian and the Holocene, each with its own distinctive mammalian suite. In addition, it has been possible to identify subdivisions within these temperate stages, probably representing smaller-scale climatic fluctuations within an interglacial, and perhaps corresponding to isotopic substages. It has been possible to resolve a longstanding controversy concerning the age of the British type Hoxnian Interglacial. Amino acid geochronology had suggested that sediments at Hoxne belonged to a later interglacial than deposits from the first post-Anglian temperate episode in the Thames valley, such as Swanscombe. The results of the present study reveal close similarity between the mammalian fauna from Hoxne and that from Swanscombe, suggesting that there was indeed a single Hoxnian Interglacial, and that it directly post-dated the Anglian (i.e. Stage 11). Sediments of this age can be distinguished from those attributable to two other late Middle Pleistocene interglacials, all of them distinct from and older than, the Ipswichian. It has been suggested that distinctive mammalian assemblages can be identified from interglacials equivalent to oxygen isotope stages 9 and 7; moreover, it is apparent that the assemblages from warm Substages 7c and 7a differed from one another in species composition. Certain useful characters have also been determined, which can permit useful separation of some of the late Middle Pleistocene cold episodes, although in comparison with the interglacials, the evidence from these is scanty. The present study has provided a new biostratigraphic framework that may be both tested and refined as new sites become available in Britain, and also compared with the evidence from continental north-west Europe.

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Leakey, Louise Nicol. "Body weight estimation of Bovidae and Plio-Pleistocene faunal change, Turkana Basin, Kenya." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249743.

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Tumeleiro, Leonardo Rodrigo Kerber. "Os roedores caviomorpha (Mammalia, Rodentia, Hystricognathi) do pleistoceno do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/32665.

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Os roedores Hystricognathi da América do Sul formam um grupo monofilético, os Caviomorpha. Estes roedores provavelmente são derivados de ancestrais africanos e chegaram ao continente sul-americano em algum momento do Eoceno. Devido ao longo período de isolamento geográfico, os caviomorfos atingiram uma grande diversidade fenotípica e ecológica, com mais de 160 gêneros fósseis e viventes. Neste trabalho, é revisado o conhecimento sobre o registro fóssil deste grupo no Pleistoceno do Rio Grande do Sul (RS), sul do Brasil; descrito novo material e discutido suas implicações paleoambientais e paleobiogeográficas. Desta forma, os principais resultados são: 1 – Reporta-se pela primeira vez a ocorrência de Galea e Lagostomus cf. L. maximus no Pleistoceno final do sul do Brasil, sendo que este último táxon representa o primeiro registro de um Chinchillidae no Brasil. 2 – Descreve-se materiais de Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris; 3 – Reporta-se novos materiais de Dolichotinae e Myocastor de depósitos continentais, confirmando sua presença durante o Pleistoceno final desta região; 4 – Os caviomorfos pleistocênicos do RS apresentam afinidade paleobiogrográfica mais acentuada com a paleofauna do Uruguai; 5 – Os indicativos paleoambientais dos caviomorfos suportam modelos previamente hipotetizados de áreas abertas durante o Pleistoceno final, substituídas por vegetação florestal durante o Holoceno. 6 – Durante a transição Pleistoceno final/Holoceno, observa-se a extinção regional de táxons com afinidade às áreas abertas, como Microcavia, Galea, Dolichotinae e Lagostomus, substituídos por uma predominância de táxons de afinidade florestal durante o Holoceno.<br>The Hystricognathi rodents from South America are a monophyletic group, the Caviomorpha. These rodents are probably derived from African ancestors and they arrived in South America during the Eocene. Due to the long period of geographic isolation, the caviomorphs achieved great ecologic and phenotypic diversity, with more than 160 living and fossil genera. In this work, we revised the knowledge on the Pleistocene fossil record of caviomorphs from Rio Grande do Sul State (RS), southern Brazil; described new remains and discussed their paleobiogeographic and paleoenvironmental implications. Thus, the main results are: 1 – We reported, for the first time, the occurrence of Galea and Lagostomus cf. L. maximus in the late Pleistocene of the southern Brazil. The record of Lagostomus is the first occurrence of Chinchillidae in Brazil; 2 – We described remains of Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris. 3 – We reported new remains of Dolichotinae and Myocastor from continental deposits, confirming their presence in the late Pleistocene of this region; 4 – The RS caviomorphs show paleozoogeographic affinities with the late Pleistocene from Uruguay; 5 – The paleoenvironmental indicatives of caviomorphs corroborate the previous interpretations of open areas during the late Pleistocene substituted by forest areas in the Holocene; 6 – During the late Pleistocene/Holocene transition we observed a local extinction of taxa with open areas affinities, as Microcavia, Galea, Dolichotinae and Lagostomus, substituted by a predominance of taxa typical of forested areas during the Holocene.

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Villalba, Almendra Ana. "Evolution and Biogeography of Mesoamerican Small Mammals: With Focus on the Genus Handleyomys and Related Taxa." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2015. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5812.

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Mesoamerica is considered a biodiversity hot spot with levels of endemism and species diversity likely underestimated. For mammals, the patterns of diversification of Mesoamerican taxa still are controversial. Reasons for this include the region's complex geologic history, and the relatively recent timing of such geological events. Previous studies, however, support the view that substantial migration between North (NA) and South America (SA) occurred prior or/and during the Great American Biotic Interchange (GABI) ~3.5 Ma. This was followed by repeated periods of isolation during Pleistocene climatic oscillations, which produced most of the diversification in the region. From a North American origin, the subfamily Sigmodontinae migrated to SA, where most of its present day diversity exists. The taxonomic history of this subfamily, and of Oryzomynii, its largest tribe, has been exceptionally complex. Recently, extensive studies have helped to clarify genealogical relationships among major clades, but have left the evolutionary histories of several groups unresolved. Such is the case for the genus Handleyomys that includes nine species; seven of which are endemic to Mesoamerica; and of its phylogenetic position among closely related genera Euryoryzomys, Hylaeamys, Oecomys, Nephelomys and Transandinomys. The results supported the monophyly of Handleyomys, and four clades with inter-generic levels of divergence within the genus, three of these clades restricted to Mesoamerica (the alfaroi, chapmani and melanotis species groups). Furthermore, the estimated time for the split of the Mesoamerican Handleyomys is on average, 2.0 Myr older than the proposed migrations to NA during the GABI. In addition, the position of Handleyomys as the sister clade to Euryoryzomys, Hylaeamys, Oecomys, Nephelomys and Transandinomys was well supported, as it was a biogeographic hypotheses that depicted a polyphyletic origin for these genera and Handleyomys 5.5-6.0 Ma. The integrative approach implemented in this dissertation allowed the development of more biologically realistic hypothesis than has previously been conducted in Mesoamerica, where half of the endemic mammals are listed under the IUCN Red list; and where mammals with small ranges, which are the most vulnerable to extinction, are found largely outside reserves. The continued decline of the ecosystems health in this region calls for a more precise account of its biodiversity for its proper conservation; and for rigorous biogeographic studies for its management, since the region also serves as a biological corridor for intercontinental connectivity.

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Holanda, Elizete Celestino. "Os Tapiridae (Mammalia, Perissodactyla), do pleistoceno superior do estado de Rondônia, Brasil." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/8799.

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O material aqui estudado provém da Formação Rio Madeira, da localidade de Araras, Município de Nova Mamoré. O espécime UNIR-PLV-M009, um crânio quase completo, apresenta as sinapomorfias do gênero Tapirus, mas difere de todas as espécies conhecidas pelos frontais largos, cuja pneumatização se estende até a sutura fronto-parietal, pela crista sagital alta e pelo P2 pouco molarizado, constituindose numa nova espécie, não nominada, de Tapirus. O espécime UMVT-4075, um palato incompleto com todos os dentes, difere de UNIR-PLV-M009 pelo P2 molarizado, e compartilha com Tapirus terrestris este e os demais caracteres dentários.<br>The material here studied comes from Rio Madeira Formation, locality of Araras, Nova Mamoré city. The UNIR-PLV-M009 specimen, an almost complete skull, presents the synapomorphies of the genus Tapirus but differs all known species for broad frontals, whose pneumatization extends until the frontoparietal suture, for high sagital crest, and for little molarized P2, so characterizing new unominated Tapirus species. The UMVT-4075 specimen, an incomplete palate with all teeth, differs from UNIR-PLV-M009 in the molarized P2, and it shares with Tapirus terrestris this and the other tooth characteristics.

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Books on the topic "Pleistocene mammal"

1

Germonpre, Mietje. Osteometric data on Late Pleistocene mammals from the Flemish Valley, Belgium. Institut royal des sciences naturelles de Belgique, 1993.

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Kolfschoten, Thijs van. The evolution of the mammal fauna in the Netherlands and the Middle Rhine area (Western Germany) during the late middle pleistocene. Utrecht University, Institute of Earth Sciences, 1990.

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Untermassfeld: A late early Pleistocene (Epivillafranchian) fossil site near Meiningen (Thuringia, Germany) and its position in the development of the European mammal fauna. Archaeopress, 2006.

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Pleistocene mammals of Europe. AldineTransaction, 2007.

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Peter, Andrews. Owls, caves, and fossils: Predation, preservation, and accumulation of small mammal bones in caves, with an analysis of the Pleistocene cave faunas from Westbury-sub-Mendip, Somerset, UK. University of Chicago Press, 1990.

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Peter, Andrews. Owls, caves and fossils: Predation, preservation and accumulation of small mammal bones in caves, with an analysis of the Pleistocene cave faunas from Westbury-sub-Mendip, Somerset, UK. Natural History Museum Publications, 1990.

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Megafauna: Giant beasts of Pleistocene South America. Indiana University Press, 2012.

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Cartelle, Cástor. Tempo passado: Mamíferos do pleistoceno em Minas Gerais. Publicado para a Assessoria de Comunicação da Cia. Aços Especiais Itabira-ACESITA ... pela Editora Palco, 1994.

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Ranzi, Alceu. Paleoecologia da Amazônia: Megafauna do pleistoceno. Editora da UFSC, 2000.

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Stock, Chester. Rancho La Brea: A record of Pleistocene life in California. 7th ed. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Museum, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Pleistocene mammal"

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Defler, Thomas. "Pleistocene Mammal Communities and Their Extinction." In Topics in Geobiology. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98449-0_14.

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Bonifay, Marie-Françoise. "Relations between Paleoclimatology and Plio-Pleistocene Biostratigraphic Data in West European Countries." In European Neogene Mammal Chronology. Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2513-8_27.

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Canales-Brellenthin, Patricia. "Micromammals (Mammal: Rodentia) from Pilauco: Identification and Environmental Considerations." In Pilauco: A Late Pleistocene Archaeo-paleontological Site. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23918-3_7.

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MacPhee, R. D. E. "Insulae infortunatae: Establishing a Chronology for Late Quaternary Mammal Extinctions in the West Indies." In American Megafaunal Extinctions at the End of the Pleistocene. Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8793-6_9.

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Schreiber, H. Dieter, Kristina Eck, and Volker Liebig. "MAUER: The Locality of Mauer and its Virtual Collection of Middle Pleistocene Mammal Fossils." In Paleontological Collections of Germany, Austria and Switzerland. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77401-5_34.

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Koufos, George D., and Dimitris S. Kostopoulos. "The Plio-Pleistocene Large Mammal Record of Greece: Implications for Early Human Dispersals into Europe." In Paleoanthropology of the Balkans and Anatolia. Springer Netherlands, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-0874-4_15.

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Leakey, Meave, and Lars Werdelin. "Early Pleistocene Mammals of Africa: Background to Dispersal." In Out of Africa I. Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9036-2_1.

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Recabarren, Omar P. "The Proboscidean Gomphotheres (Mammalia, Gomphotheriidae) from Southernmost South America." In Pilauco: A Late Pleistocene Archaeo-paleontological Site. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23918-3_4.

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Sommer, Robert S. "Late Pleistocene and Holocene History of Mammals in Europe." In Handbook of the Mammals of Europe. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65038-8_3-1.

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Sommer, Robert S. "Late Pleistocene and Holocene History of Mammals in Europe." In Mammals of Europe - Past, Present, and Future. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00281-7_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Pleistocene mammal"

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Hartley, James C. "SMALL MAMMAL EXTINCTION THROUGH THE PLEISTOCENE IN THE AMERICAN SOUTHWEST." In Joint 53rd Annual South-Central/53rd North-Central/71st Rocky Mtn GSA Section Meeting - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019sc-325195.

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Keller, Jonathan S., Thomas W. Stafford, S. Kathleen Lyons, Seth D. Newsome, and Felisa A. Smith. "SMALL MAMMAL PALEOECOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO THE TERMINAL PLEISTOCENE MEGAFAUNAL EXTINCTION." In GSA Annual Meeting in Phoenix, Arizona, USA - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019am-338607.

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Hohman, Charlotte J. H., and Alton C. Dooley. "THE SMALL MAMMAL FAUNA FROM THE PLEISTOCENE HARVESTON LOCALITY, RIVERSIDE COUNTY, CALIFORNIA." In 115th Annual GSA Cordilleran Section Meeting - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019cd-329069.

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Smith, Gregory J., Michael A. Gibson, and Brandt M. Gibson. "SEASONALITY OF MAMMUT AMERICANUM FROM THE LATE PLEISTOCENE OF WEST TENNESSEE." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-307935.

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Stacklyn, Shannon K., Yang Wang, Changzhu Jin, and Yuan Wang. "STABLE ISOTOPIC EVIDENCE FOR DIETS AND NICHE DIFFERENTIATION OF EARLY PLEISTOCENE PANDA AND ASSOCIATED MAMMALS FROM YANLIANG CAVE, SOUTH CHINA." In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-276664.

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DeSantis, Larisa R. G., and Christopher A. Shaw. "SABERTOOTH CATS WITH TOOTHACHES: IMPACTS OF DENTAL INJURIES ON FEEDING BEHAVIOR IN LATE PLEISTOCENE SMILODON FATALIS (MAMMALIA, FELIDAE) FROM RANCHO LA BREA (LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA)." In GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-322567.

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Reports on the topic "Pleistocene mammal"

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Tweet, Justin S., Vincent L. Santucci, Kenneth Convery, Jonathan Hoffman, and Laura Kirn. Channel Islands National Park: Paleontological resource inventory (public version). National Park Service, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2278664.

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Channel Island National Park (CHIS), incorporating five islands off the coast of southern California (Anacapa Island, San Miguel Island, Santa Barbara Island, Santa Cruz Island, and Santa Rosa Island), has an outstanding paleontological record. The park has significant fossils dating from the Late Cretaceous to the Holocene, representing organisms of the sea, the land, and the air. Highlights include: the famous pygmy mammoths that inhabited the conjoined northern islands during the late Pleistocene; the best fossil avifauna of any National Park Service (NPS) unit; intertwined paleontological and cultural records extending into the latest Pleistocene, including Arlington Man, the oldest well-dated human known from North America; calichified “fossil forests”; records of Miocene desmostylians and sirenians, unusual sea mammals; abundant Pleistocene mollusks illustrating changes in sea level and ocean temperature; one of the most thoroughly studied records of microfossils in the NPS; and type specimens for 23 fossil taxa. Paleontological research on the islands of CHIS began in the second half of the 19th century. The first discovery of a mammoth specimen was reported in 1873. Research can be divided into four periods: 1) the few early reports from the 19th century; 2) a sustained burst of activity in the 1920s and 1930s; 3) a second burst from the 1950s into the 1970s; and 4) the modern period of activity, symbolically opened with the 1994 discovery of a nearly complete pygmy mammoth skeleton on Santa Rosa Island. The work associated with this paleontological resource inventory may be considered the beginning of a fifth period. Fossils were specifically mentioned in the 1938 proclamation establishing what was then Channel Islands National Monument, making CHIS one of 18 NPS areas for which paleontological resources are referenced in the enabling legislation. Each of the five islands of CHIS has distinct paleontological and geological records, each has some kind of fossil resources, and almost all of the sedimentary formations on the islands are fossiliferous within CHIS. Anacapa Island and Santa Barbara Island, the two smallest islands, are primarily composed of Miocene volcanic rocks interfingered with small quantities of sedimentary rock and covered with a veneer of Quaternary sediments. Santa Barbara stands apart from Anacapa because it was never part of Santarosae, the landmass that existed at times in the Pleistocene when sea level was low enough that the four northern islands were connected. San Miguel Island, Santa Cruz Island, and Santa Rosa Island have more complex geologic histories. Of these three islands, San Miguel Island has relatively simple geologic structure and few formations. Santa Cruz Island has the most varied geology of the islands, as well as the longest rock record exposed at the surface, beginning with Jurassic metamorphic and intrusive igneous rocks. The Channel Islands have been uplifted and faulted in a complex 20-million-year-long geologic episode tied to the collision of the North American and Pacific Places, the initiation of the San Andreas fault system, and the 90° clockwise rotation of the Transverse Ranges, of which the northern Channel Islands are the westernmost part. Widespread volcanic activity from about 19 to 14 million years ago is evidenced by the igneous rocks found on each island.

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