Relevant bibliographies by topics / Pleural space

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Pleural space'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 5 June 2025
Last updated: 16 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Pleural space"

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Rubikas, Romaldas, and Lilija Šuško. "Pleurostomija – dar neužmirštas plaučių ir (arba) pleuros infekcinių uždegiminių ligų gydymo būdas." Lietuvos chirurgija 12, no. 4 (2013): 219–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/lietchirur.2013.4.2842.

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Krūtinės organų neprisipildžiusi pleuros ertmės dalis, susidariusi dėl plaučių ir (arba) pleuros infekcinių uždegiminių ligų bei pooperacinių komplikacijų, vadinama liekamąja pleuros ertme. Krūtinės chirurgijoje tai nedažna, bet sunkiai sprendžiamabėda. Kai kiti gydymo būdai yra neveiksmingi, tenka atlikti pleurostomiją ir sanuoti liekamąją pleuros ertmę atviru būdu. Pleurostomija lieka bene vienintelis ir saugus chirurginio gydymo būdas, kai atsiveria ilgai neužgyjančios bronchų-pleurosarba stemplės-pleuros fistulės. Pagerėjus paciento būklei, gydyti galima ir ambulatoriškai. Kai liekamoji pleuros ertmė tampa švari, atliekama plastinė rekonstrukcinė operacija vienu iš tinkamiausių būdų.Straipsnyje nagrinėjama plaučių ir pleuros infekcinių uždegiminių ligų chirurginio gydymo naudojant pleurostomiją (I etapas) ir po jos susidariusios liekamosios pleuros ertmės plastiką (II etapas) problema, pateikiama klinikinių pavyzdžių.Pleurostomy – still available treatment method for infectiuos inflammatory diseases of lungs and/or pleura A pleural space not filled with thoracic organs, formed after infectious inflammatory diseases of lungs and/or pleura and postoperative complications, is called a residual pleural space. It is a rare and intractable problem in thoracic surgery. Whenother treatment methods become ineffective, pleurostomy and open sanation of residual pleural cavity have to be performed. Pleurostomy remains perhaps the only and safe method of surgical treatment for prolonged non-healing bronchopleuraland esophagopleural fistulas. Outpatient treatment is also possible when a patient’s condition gets better. When the residual pleural cavity becomes clean, plastic-reconstructive surgery is performed.In this article, the problem of the surgical treatment of infectious inflammatory diseases of lungs and pleura using pleurostomy (stage I) and residual pleural space plastic (stage II) is examined and clinical examples are presented.
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Anilkumar, A. Verma. "Congenital Isolated Pleural Effusion in Neonates -A Case Series." Neonatology and Clinical Pediatrics 11, no. 1 (2024): 1–5. https://doi.org/10.24966/ncp-878x/100122.

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Pleural effusion is defined as fluid accumulation in the pleural space, which exists between the parietal pleura of the chest wall and the visceral pleura of the lung. Both pleural surfaces filter fluid into the pleural space, and the lymphatics are responsible for most of the fluid reabsorption.
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Miniati, M., J. C. Parker, M. Pistolesi, et al. "Reabsorption kinetics of albumin from pleural space of dogs." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 255, no. 2 (1988): H375—H385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1988.255.2.h375.

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The reabsorption of albumin from the pleural space was measured in eight dogs receiving 0.5 ml intrapleural injection of 131I-labeled albumin and a simultaneous intravenous injection of 125I-labeled albumin. Plasma curves for both tracers were obtained over 24 h. The 125I-albumin curve served as input function of albumin for interstitial spaces, including pleura, whereas the 131I-albumin curve represented the output function from pleural space. The frequency function of albumin transit times from pleural space to plasma was obtained by deconvolution of input-output plasma curves. Plasma recovery of 131I-albumin was complete by 24 h, and the mean transit time from pleura to plasma averaged 7.95 +/- 1.57 (SD) h. Albumin reabsorption occurred mainly via lymphatics as indicated by experiments in 16 additional dogs in which their right lymph ducts or thoracic ducts were ligated before intrapleural injection. A pleural lymph flow of 0.020 +/- 0.003 (SD) ml.kg-1.h-1 was estimated, which is balanced by a comparable filtration of fluid into the pleural space. This suggests that, under physiological conditions, the subpleural lymphatics represent an important control mechanism of pleural liquid pressure.
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Pastis, Nicholas J., Nichole T. Tanner, Katherine K. Taylor, and Gerard A. Silvestri. "Evaluation of a Steerable Tube Thoracostomy System Compatible with a Flexible Bronchoscope." US Respiratory & Pulmonary Diseases 01, no. 01 (2016): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/usrpd.2016.01.01.14.

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Tube thoracostomy is effective at draining the pleural space; however, when fluid or air is loculated, drainage may be compromised. For this reason, a steerable chest tube with a redirecting stylet was developed. This tube also allows use of a flexible bronchoscope in the pleural space without significant limitations in mobility as seen in prior studies.Methods:We tested the ability of a steerable tube thoracostomy system in a porcine subject to change position, drain fluid, and utilize a flexible bronchoscope in the pleural space. Fiducial markers were implanted into the parietal pleura to demonstrate maneuverability of the bronchoscope and the ability to take forceps biopsies.Results:Bronchoscope positions in the pleural space were confirmed fluoroscopically: apical, medial, lateral, anterior diaphragm, and posterior diaphragm. All fiducial markers and tissue along the parietal pleura were located and biopsied via flexible forceps with the bronchoscope. The tube was repositioned into all dependent areas where fluid collected.Conclusions:This steerable tube and a flexible bronchoscope can access and visualize the pleural space, locate and biopsy implanted markers on the parietal pleural surface, and drain fluid from the pleural space. Further studies will be needed to evaluate the usefulness of this procedure in the clinical setting.
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Agostoni, E., and E. D'Angelo. "Pleural liquid pressure." Journal of Applied Physiology 71, no. 2 (1991): 393–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1991.71.2.393.

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The knowledge of pleural liquid pressure (Pliq) is essential for understanding the mechanical coupling between lung and chest wall and the liquid exchanges of the pleural space. In the last decade, research in this field contributed new ideas and stimulating controversies but also caused some confusion. These aspects, along with the older contributions, are considered in this review, which is divided into three sections. The topics of the first section are 1) measurements of Pliq with different techniques in various mammals and various regions of the pleural space, 2) comparison of Pliq with the pressure exerted by the lung recoil (Ppl), and 3) vertical gradient of Pliq and downward flow of pleural liquid. In the second section the mechanisms absorbing liquid from the pleural space are analyzed: 1) Starling forces of the visceral pleura, 2) lymphatic drainage through the stomata of the parietal pleura, and 3) active transport of solutes. The third section deals with 1) measurements of pleural liquid thickness with two approaches in the costal region of various mammals and 2) mechanisms preventing a complete removal of pleural liquid and, thus, ensuring the lubrication.
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Hassan, Maged, Abdelfattah A. Touman, Elżbieta M. Grabczak, et al. "Imaging of pleural disease." Breathe 20, no. 1 (2024): 230172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/20734735.0172-2023.

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The pleural space is a “potential” anatomical space which is formed of two layers: visceral and parietal. It normally contains a trace of fluid (∼10 mL in each hemithorax). Diseases of the pleura can manifest with thickening of the pleural membranes or by abnormal accumulation of air or liquid. Chest radiographs are often the first imaging tests to point to a pleural pathology. With the exception of pneumothorax, and due to the inherent limitations of chest radiographs, ultrasound and/or computed tomography are usually required to further characterise the pleural pathology and guide management. This review summarises the utility of different imaging tools in the management of pleural disease and discusses new and evolving tools in imaging of the pleura.
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Wiener-Kronish, J. P., M. A. Gropper, and S. J. Lai-Fook. "Pleural liquid pressure in dogs measured using a rib capsule." Journal of Applied Physiology 59, no. 2 (1985): 597–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1985.59.2.597.

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We have developed a minimally invasive method for measuring the hydrostatic pressure in the pleural space liquid. A liquid-filled capsule is bonded into a rib and a small hole is cut in the parietal pleura to allow direct communication between the liquid in the capsule and the pleural space. The pressure can be measured continuously by a strain gauge transducer connected to the capsule. The rib capsule does not distort the pleural space or require removal of intercostal muscle. Pneumothoraces are easily detected when they occur inadvertently on puncturing the parietal pleura. We examined the effect of height on pleural pressure in 15 anesthetized spontaneously breathing dogs. The vertical gradients in pleural pressure were 0.53, 0.42, 0.46, and 0.23 cmH2O/cm height for the head-up, head-down, supine, and prone body positions, respectively. These vertical gradients were much less than the hydrostatic value (1 cmH2O/cm), indicating that the pleural liquid is not in hydrostatic equilibrium. In most body positions the magnitudes of pleural liquid pressure interpolated to midchest level were similar to the mean transpulmonary (surface) pressure determined postmortem. This suggests that pleural liquid pressure is closely related to the lung static recoil.
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Harada, K., T. Mutsuda, N. Saoyama, N. Hamaguchi, and Y. Shimada. "Pleural stress pressure as a force to control liquid accumulation and maintain lung expansion." Journal of Applied Physiology 58, no. 2 (1985): 339–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1985.58.2.339.

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Total gas pressure in the pleural space is more subatmospheric than that in the alveolar cavity. This pressure difference minus elastic recoil pressure of the lung was termed stress pressure. We investigated the relationship between stress pressure and a force that would hold the lung against the chest wall to prevent accumulation of liquid. The condition was a pleural space with an enlarged pleural surface pressure. Dogs anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium were placed in a box maintained subatmospherically at approximately -30 cmH2O and breathed atmospheric air for 4 h. Liquid volume in the pleural space of the dogs was measured under conditions of thoracotomy. In the normal group, the volume of the pleural liquid was within the normal range of approximately 2.0 ml and the visceral and the parietal pleura made contact. In the pneumothorax group, established by injecting 50 ml of air into the pleural space, the liquid increased significantly in all cases by a mean value of approximately 12 ml. Thus pleural stress pressure seems to be an important force holding the lung against the chest wall and aiding in the control of accumulation of liquid in a more subatmospheric pleural space.
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Kavya, Dr Bollam, Dr Mohd Soheb Sadath Ansari, Dr Sara Ahmed, and Dr K. Ramesh Kumar. "A Study of Serum to Pleural Fluid Albumin Gradient in Differentiation of Exudative and Transudative Pleural Effusion in Comparison to Light’s Criteria." SAS Journal of Medicine 10, no. 05 (2024): 385–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sasjm.2024.v10i05.019.

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Pleural effusion is the accumulation of fluid between the parietal and visceral pleura called the pleural cavity. It can occur by itself or can be the result of surrounding parenchymal diseases like infection, malignancy or inflammatory conditions. Pleural effusion is one of the major causes of pulmonary mortality and morbidity. Both the visceral and the parietal pleura play an important role in fluid homeostasis in the pleural space. Pleural effusions develop when there is excess hydrostatic pressure in the pulmonary capillaries, when fluid removal is impaired by compromised lymphatic drainage or when protein and cell rich fluid enters the pleural space through leaky capillary and pleural membranes. Pleural fluid is classified as a transudate or exudate based on modified Light’s criteria, proposed by Light et al., in 1972 which has been the standard differentiation method. It is considered an exudative effusion if at least one of the criteria is met:  Pleural fluid protein/serum protein ratio of more than 0.5  Pleural fluid lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)/serum LDH ratio of more than 0.6  Pleural fluid LDH is more than two-thirds of the upper limits of normal laboratory value for serum LDH. Commonly performed tests on the pleural fluid to determine etiology are a measurement of fluid pH, fluid protein, albumin and LDH, fluid glucose, fluid triglyceride, fluid cell count differential, fluid gram stain and culture and fluid cytology.
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Albertine, K. H., J. P. Wiener-Kronish, J. Bastacky, and N. C. Staub. "No evidence for mesothelial cell contact across the costal pleural space of sheep." Journal of Applied Physiology 70, no. 1 (1991): 123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1991.70.1.123.

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Pleural space width was measured by four morphological approaches using either frozen hydrated or freeze-substituted blocks of chest wall and lung. Anesthetized sheep were held in the lateral (n = 2), sternal recumbent (n = 2), or vertical (head-up; n = 2) position for 30 min. The ribs and intercostal muscles were excised along a 20-cm vertical distance of the chest wall region, which was sprayed with liquid Freon 22, cooled with liquid nitrogen, to facilitate the fastest possible freezing of the visceral and parietal pleura. We measured pleural space width in frozen hydrated blocks by reflected-light and low-temperature scanning electron microscopy and in freeze-substituted, fixed, and embedded tissue blocks by light and transmission electron microscopy. We combined the data from the two groups of sheep held sternally recumbent and vertical because the results were comparable. The average arithmetic mean data for pleural space width determined by reflected-light analysis for samples near the top (18.5 microns) and bottom (20.3 microns) of the chest, separated by 15 cm of lung height, varied inversely with lung height (n = 4; P less than 0.009). The average harmonic mean data demonstrated a similar gravity-dependent gradient (17.3 and 18.8 microns, respectively; P less than 0.02). Therefore a slight vertical gradient of approximately -0.10 micron/cm of lung height was found for costal pleural space width. Pleural space width in the most dependent recesses, such as the costodiaphragmatic recess, reached 1–2 mm. We never found any contacts between the visceral and parietal pleura with either of the frozen hydrated preparations. No points of mesothelial cell contact were revealed in the light- and transmission electron microscopic views of the freeze-substituted tissue, despite an apparent narrower pleural space associated with the tissue-processing steps. We conclude that the pleural space has a slightly nonuniform width, contacts if they occur must be very infrequent, and pleural liquid clearance is probably facilitated by liquid accumulation in dependent regions where lymphatic pathways exist.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pleural space"

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Garske, Luke Albert. "Determinants of dyspnea associated with pleural effusion." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/122900/1/Luke_Garske_Thesis.pdf.

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Fluid accumulation between the lung and rib-cage is commonly associated with shortness of breath, and frequently requires hospitalisation and invasive surgical procedures. This program of research has contributed new knowledge which has advanced our understanding of how fluid accumulation between the lung and rib cage causes shortness of breath. A technique was refined to measure the efficiency of the breathing muscles when fluid accumulates between the lung and rib cage. A novel non-invasive therapy to improve efficiency of the breathing muscles was trialled in a patient, and may improve shortness of breath.
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Chen, Wei-Lin, and 陳偉玲. "Pleural Space Elastance and Change in Oxygenation after Therapeutic Thoracentesis in Ventilated Heart Failure Patients with Transudative Pleural Effusions." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/48250638944847056800.

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碩士<br>國立陽明大學<br>急重症醫學研究所<br>99<br>Background and objective: Therapeutic thoracentesis (TT) is required in patients with refractory pleural effusions and impaired oxygenation. The study was to explore the relationship between pleural space elastance (PE) and the change in oxygenation after TT in ventilated heart failure patients with transudative pleural effusions. Methods: Twenty six mechanically ventilated heart failure patients with significant amount of transudative effusions undergoing TT were studied. Under the monitoring of pleural pressure (Pliq) and chest symptoms, the effusion was drained as completely as possible. The volume of removed effusion, the changes in Pliq during TT, the PE, and arterial blood gases measured before and after TT were recorded. Results: The mean volume of removed effusion was 1011.9 ± 58.2 mL. The mean Pliq decreased from 14.5 ± 1.0 to 0.1 ± 1.5 cm H2O after TT and the mean PE was 15.3 ± 1.8 cm H2O/L. TT significantly increased the mean PaO2/FiO2 ratio (from 243.2 ± 19.9 to 336.0 ± 17.8 mm Hg; p &amp;lt; 0.0001). The changes in PaO2/FiO2 ratio after TT were negatively correlated with the PE (r = -0.803, p &amp;lt; 0.0001). Fourteen patients (54%) with normal PE (≤ 14.5 cm H2O/L) had significantly larger increase in PaO2/FiO2 ratio after TT than did the remaining 12 patients with abnormal PE (>14.5 cm H2O/L). Conclusions: Measurement of PE during TT may be valuable in predicting oxygenation improvement in ventilated heart failure patients with pleural effusions. Patients with lower value of PE had greater improvement in oxygenation after TT.
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Books on the topic "Pleural space"

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Niessen, Timothy. Pleural Effusions (Parapneumonic Process and Empyema). Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199976805.003.0024.

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Pleural effusions occur when an influx of fluid into the pleural space exceeds its removal. An exudative effusion, which results from leaky barriers, is often associated with infections. Parapneumonic effusions are exudative pleural effusions adjacent to pulmonary infections. Most parapneumonic effusions are sterile and resolve with treatment of the underlying pneumonia. They may, however, evolve through the exudative, fibrinopurulent, and organizing phases of empyema formation. Empyema occurs when frank pus occupies the pleural space and requires drainage. For parapneumonic process, antibiotic selection is similar to that for pneumonia and should target the underlying infectious organism according to culture and susceptibility results. Initial empiric therapy should take into account local antibiotic policies, resistance patterns, and should include anaerobic coverage. In some cases, after antibiotics and thoracentesis are initiated, surgical intervention may be necessary. Timely drainage of complicated parapneumonic effusions or empyema is critical.
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Chiumello, Davide, and Silvia Coppola. Management of pleural effusion and haemothorax. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0125.

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The main goal of management of pleural effusion is to provide symptomatic relief removing fluid from the pleural space. The options depend on type, stage, and underlying disease. The first diagnostic instrument is the chest radiography, while ultrasound can be very useful to guide thoracentesis. Pleural effusion can be a transudate or an exudate. Generally, a transudate is uncomplicated effusion treated by medical therapy, while an exudative effusion is considered complicated effusion and should be managed by drainage. Refractory non-malignant effusions can be transudative (congestive heart failure, cirrhosis, nephrosis) or exudative (pancreatitis, connective tissue disease, endocrine dysfunction), and the management options include repeated therapeutic thoracentesis, in-dwelling pleural catheter for intermittent external drainage, pleuroperitoneal shunts for internal drainage, or surgical pleurectomy. Parapneumonic pleural effusions can be classified as complicated when there is persistent bacterial invasion of the pleural space, uncomplicated and empyema with specific indications for pleural fluid drainage. Malignancy is the most common cause of exudative pleural effusions in patients aged &gt;60 years and the decision to treat depends upon the presence of symptoms and the underlying tumour type. Options include in-dwelling pleural catheter drainage, pleurodesis, pleurectomy, and pleuroperitoneal shunt. Haemothorax needs to be differentiated from a haemorrhagic pleural effusion and, when suspected, the essential management is intercostal drainage. It achieves two objectives to drain the pleural space allowing expansion of the lung and to allow assessment of rates of blood loss to evaluate the need for emergency or urgent thoracotomy.
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Chiumello, Davide, and Cristina Mietto. Pathophysiology of pleural cavity disorders. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0123.

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The pleural cavity is normally a virtual space that is essential to guarantee the mechanical coupling between the lung and the chest wall. The volume of pleural liquid is determined by the equilibrium of fluid turnover. The determinants of this balance are the Starling forces, the lymphatic drainage, and the active trans-membrane transport. When fluid or air accumulate inside the pleural cavity, pleural pressure rises to atmospheric level causing the lung to collapse while the chest wall to expand. The displacement is not equally distributed between lung and chest wall, because it depends upon their own compliance. Pneumothorax and pleural effusion are common diseases in critically-ill patients. Pneumothorax is divided in two groups based upon the aetiological mechanism—spontaneous and traumatic. Pleural effusion is classified as transudates or exudates, mainly based on protein content; this classification comprises different pathological mechanisms beneath the two kind of pleural effusion.
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Blasi, Francesco, and Paolo Tarsia. Pathophysiology and causes of haemoptysis. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0126.

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The main goal of management of pleural effusion is to provide symptomatic relief removing fluid from pleural space and the options depend on type, stage and underlying disease. The first diagnostic instrument is the chest radiography while ultrasound can be very useful to guide thoracentesis. Pleural effusion can be a transudate or an exudate. Generally a transudate is uncomplicated effusion treated by medical therapy, while an exudative effusion is considered complicated effusion and should be managed by drainage. Refractory non-malignant effusions can be transudative (congestive heart failure, cirrhosis, nephrosis) or exudative (pancreatitis, connective tissue disease, endocrine dysfunction), and the management options include repeated therapeutic thoracentesis, indwelling pleural catheter for intermittent external drainage, pleuroperitoneal shunts for internal drainage, or surgical pleurectomy. Parapneumonic pleural effusions can be divided in complicated when there is persistent bacterial invasion of the pleural space, uncomplicated and empyema with specific indications for pleural fluid drainage. Malignancy is the most common cause of exudative pleural effusions in patients aged &gt;60 years and the decision to treat depends upon the presence of symptoms and the underlying tumour type. Options include indwelling pleural catheter drainage, pleurodesis, pleurectomy and pleuroperitoneal shunt. Hemothorax needs to be differentiated from a haemorrhagic pleural effusion and when is suspected the essential management is the intercostal drainage. It achieves two objectives to drain the pleural space allowing expansion of the lung and to allow assessment of rates of blood loss to evaluate the need for emergency or urgent thoracotomy.
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Pleural Effusion: Education for Patients and the Public. Exon Publications, 2024. https://doi.org/10.36255/pleural-effusion-patient-public-education.

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Pleural effusion is a condition in which excess fluid builds up in the pleural space, the thin area between the lungs and chest wall. Pleural Effusion: Education for Patients and the Public provides detailed information to understanding pleural effusion, offering valuable information for patients, caregivers, and the general public. It begins by explaining what pleural effusion is, its causes, and how it develops. The article covers the types of pleural effusion, including transudative and exudative, and highlights the common risk factors such as infections, heart failure, and cancers. Key sections explore the symptoms of pleural effusion, such as difficulty breathing and chest pain, and provide insights into how the condition is diagnosed using imaging and fluid analysis. The article discusses potential complications, including lung compression and infections, and explains the various treatment options, from drainage procedures to medications like diuretics and antibiotics. Advice on living with pleural effusion and managing its physical and emotional impacts is also included. Organized into clear and concise sections, this guide ensures readers can easily find the information they need. Written in straightforward language, it presents medical concepts in an accessible way to ensure it is understandable for everyone seeking to learn about pleural effusion.
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Crawshaw, Anjali. Chylothorax. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0020.

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Khalid, Saifudin, Rowland J. Bright-Thomas, and Seamus Grundy. Pneumothorax. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0131.

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Pneumothorax is defined as the presence of air within the pleural space. Pneumothoraces are divided into spontaneous and traumatic categories, depending on the presence or absence of preceding trauma. Spontaneous pneumothoraces are subclassified as primary or secondary: a primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) occurs in a person without underlying lung disease, whereas a secondary spontaneous pneumothorax (SSP) takes place in a person who has an underlying lung condition such as COPD or asthma. Tension pneumothorax is a medical emergency where air entering the pleural space on inspiration is unable to escape on expiration, causing mediastinal shift and cardiovascular compromise.
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Archer, Nick, and Nicky Manning. Fetal hydrops and the heart. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199230709.003.0020.

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Introduction 270Pathophysiology 275Aetiology 276Assessment and monitoring 278Management 279Hydrops fetalis refers to the pathological condition where fluid collects in 2 or more body cavities; it represents excessive accumulation of interstitial fluid, initially in the serous spaces (pericardial, pleural, and peritoneal cavities—...
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Adlam, David. Pericardial disease. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0109.

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The pericardium forms a continuous sac around the heart, analogous to the pleura surrounding the lungs, and the peritoneum surrounding the abdominal viscera. Between the parietal and visceral layers of the serous pericardium is the pericardial space, which normally contains a small volume of pericardial fluid. The clinical spectrum of pericardial diseases can be divided into: pericarditis, caused by acute inflammation; pericardial effusion, or fluid accumulation in the pericardial space, leading to tamponade; and constrictive pericarditis, caused by chronic infiltration or inflammation leading to pericardial constriction.
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Lumb, Andrew B., and Natalie Drury. Respiratory physiology in anaesthetic practice. Edited by Jonathan G. Hardman. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642045.003.0002.

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Moving away from the structure of traditional texts, this chapter follows the journey of oxygen molecules as they move from inspired air to their point of use in mitochondria, with some digressions along the way to cover other relevant aspects of respiratory physiology. The chapter encompasses all the key aspects of respiratory physiology and also highlights physiological alterations that occur under both general and regional anaesthesia, moving the physiological principles discussed into daily anaesthetic practice. The chapter explores relevant anatomy of the airways, lungs, and pleura. The histology and function of the airway lining and alveoli are described, so illustrating the importance of pulmonary defence mechanisms for protecting the internal milieu of the body from this large and fragile interface with the outside world. Key principles and concepts including resistance, compliance, and diffusion are all discussed in their clinical context. Concepts relating to the mechanics of breathing and the control of airway diameter are considered along with lung volumes and their measurement. Both the central and peripheral mechanisms involved in the control of breathing are discussed with particular attention to the impact of anaesthesia. The relationship between ventilation and perfusion and the carriage of oxygen and carbon dioxide are all discussed in detail. The principles behind key respiratory measurements such as dead space, lung volumes, diffusing capacity, and shunt are all described. Overall the chapter provides a comprehensive review of respiratory physiology as well as including additional aspects of variation that occur under anaesthesia.
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Book chapters on the topic "Pleural space"

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Arroyo, Joel Zabaleta, John C. Pedrozo Pupo, John C. Pedrozo Pupo, John C. Pedrozo Pupo, Diego Pardo Pinzón, and Katia Meyer. "Pleural and Pleural Space." In Learning Chest Imaging. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34147-2_1.

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Lefebvre, Cedric W., Jay P. Babich, James H. Grendell, et al. "Pleural Space Infection." In Encyclopedia of Intensive Care Medicine. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00418-6_2055.

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Lombardi, Rosemary, Emily Savino, and Lori S. Waddell. "Pleural Space Drainage." In Advanced Monitoring and Procedures for Small Animal Emergency and Critical Care. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118997246.ch30.

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Waddell, Lori S., and David A. Puerto. "Pleural Space Disease: Pyothorax." In Small Animal Surgical Emergencies. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118487181.ch31.

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Schmiedt, Chad W., and Benjamin M. Brainard. "Pleural Space Disease: Hemothorax." In Small Animal Surgical Emergencies. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118487181.ch32.

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Puerto, David A., and Lori S. Waddell. "Pleural Space Disease: Pneumothorax." In Small Animal Surgical Emergencies. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118487181.ch33.

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Mercer, Rachel M., Robert J. Hallifax, and Nick A. Maskell. "Novel technology in the pleural space: more than just indwelling pleural catheters." In Pleural Disease. European Respiratory Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/2312508x.10024319.

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Reineke, Erica, and Jennifer Savini. "Pleural Space Disease: Stabilization Techniques for Patients with Pleural Space Disease." In Small Animal Surgical Emergencies. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118487181.ch29.

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Naeger, David M. "Diseases of the Pleura and Chest Wall." In IDKD Springer Series. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-83872-9_4.

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Abstract The pleura is comprised of a visceral and parietal layer. The potential space between the two is normally filled with a small amount of physiologic fluid. The visceral pleura invaginates to form fissures, and collectively the pleura allows the lobes of the lungs to move relative to each other and the chest wall during respiration. In diseased states, this potential space can fill with abnormal amounts, or atypical types, of fluid. The pleura can become thickened, often in response to infection, inflammation, or exposures. Tumors can also arise from the pleura. Malignant pleural mesothelioma is a particularly aggressive primary tumor of the pleura, which is associated with asbestos exposure. Owing to lymphatics and vascularity, the pleura can also be the site of tumors deposits from malignancies originating outside the pleura. Ectopic tissues may also be found within the pleural space. The chest wall is external to the pleura, and it is comprised of skin, various fat layers, fascia, muscles, nerves, lymphatics, and bone. Primary tumors, both benign and malignant, and metastases can involve the various layers of the chest wall. There are a few specific pathologies that are unique to the chest wall, which will be reviewed. As a final category, there are a few disease entities, mostly infection and cancer, which can affect both the pleura and the chest wall simultaneously.
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Snyder, Charles L. "Diseases of the Pleural Space." In Fundamentals of Pediatric Surgery. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27443-0_40.

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Conference papers on the topic "Pleural space"

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Zhang, Z., and P. D. Scanlon. "What Produced the Gas in the Pleural Space?" In American Thoracic Society 2020 International Conference, May 15-20, 2020 - Philadelphia, PA. American Thoracic Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2020.201.1_meetingabstracts.a6938.

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Kim, Jennifer, Grace Joseph, Joshua Cadavez, Nicholas Gulachek, Juan Rujana, and Marcos Molina. "Novel Design of Stabilizing Device for Tube Thoracostomy." In 2018 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2018-6913.

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Tube Thoracostomy (TT) is a surgical procedure involving the insertion of a plastic tube into the patient’s pleural cavity with the purpose of evacuating the air or fluid contents that have abnormally accumulated in this space [1]. Chest tube insertion has been identified as part of a core set of skills needed in a physician’s repertoire when caring for an injured patient [2]. Iatrogenic injuries, traumatic injuries, as well as malignancy, are the likely clinical scenarios were tube thoracotomy may be required. The presentation of these clinical events can be classified into three broad categories: pneumothorax, hemothorax, and pleural effusion, all of which lead to the abnormal accumulation of air, blood, or lymphatic fluid within the pleural space, respectively.
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Siddiqui, Z., I. Guoergieva, A. Agarwal, and W. Hafeez. "Streptococcus Viridans: An Infrequent Trespasser in the Pleural Space." In American Thoracic Society 2020 International Conference, May 15-20, 2020 - Philadelphia, PA. American Thoracic Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2020.201.1_meetingabstracts.a3885.

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Bradshaw, Catherine, Keertan Dheda, Aliasgar Esmail, and Sudesh Sivarasu. "Design of a Newpleural Biopsy Device for Improved Procedural Efficacy." In 2024 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2024-1046.

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Abstract Pleural biopsies are challenging procedures that rely heavily on the skill of the performing clinician as there is little to guide them other than the feel of the needle within the patient. This is especially true in resource-poor settings as the cost and availability of external imaging equipment (such as computed tomography, ultrasound scanners, or thoracoscopes), and the increased skill needed to use the equipment prohibits their regular usage during these procedures. As a result, basic cutting needle biopsies have high risks of causing damage to the lung when the needle is inserted past the pleural space, or low diagnostic rates as pleural tissue is often not included in the biopsies. However, despite these drawbacks, pleural biopsies are performed regularly, most notably for diagnosing tuberculous pleurisy in low- or middle-income countries. This paper proposes a new cutting needle design to firstly improve the yield of pleural tissue in the biopsies, and secondly, allow for multiple biopsies to be collected with a single insertion, minimising the risks usually associated with each needle insertion. Preliminary verification of the biopsy mechanism shows that multiple, separate, adequately sized biopsies are possible with this design.
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Jackson, Anee Sophia, Joshua R. Rayburn, Carson C. Fuller, et al. "Management of complex pleural space infections: As the pendulum swings." In ERS International Congress 2018 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2018.pa1964.

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Jackson, Anee Sophia, Joshua R. Rayburn, Carson C. Fuller, et al. "Variable adoption of intrapleural fibrinolytic therapy for pleural space infections." In ERS International Congress 2018 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2018.pa891.

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Kuzmishin, Gwendolyn B., Priyanka Gopal, and Mohamed E. Abazeed. "Abstract 1056: Cancer avatars are sensitive diagnosticians of the pleural space." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2018; April 14-18, 2018; Chicago, IL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-1056.

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Athanassiadi, Kalliopi, Ioannis Alevizakis, Nikolaos Papakonstantinou, and Stamatios Kakaris. "Management of residual pleural space and persistent airleak after major lung resection." In ERS International Congress 2016 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2016.pa4848.

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Michaelides, Stylianos, George Bablekos, George Ionas, Dimitrios Papadopoulos, Petros Bakakos, and Konstantinos Charalambopoulos. "Changes in physiological dead space/tidal volume ratio after pleural fluid drainage." In ERS International Congress 2016 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2016.pa2212.

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Arnold, DT, L. Read, A. Noel, et al. "S13 Antibiotic penetration into the infected pleural space; a PK/PD study." In British Thoracic Society Winter Meeting 2021 Online, Wednesday 24 to Friday 26 November 2021, Programme and Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Thoracic Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thorax-2021-btsabstracts.19.

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