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Journal articles on the topic 'Pleural space'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Rubikas, Romaldas, and Lilija Šuško. "Pleurostomija – dar neužmirštas plaučių ir (arba) pleuros infekcinių uždegiminių ligų gydymo būdas." Lietuvos chirurgija 12, no. 4 (2013): 219–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/lietchirur.2013.4.2842.

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Krūtinės organų neprisipildžiusi pleuros ertmės dalis, susidariusi dėl plaučių ir (arba) pleuros infekcinių uždegiminių ligų bei pooperacinių komplikacijų, vadinama liekamąja pleuros ertme. Krūtinės chirurgijoje tai nedažna, bet sunkiai sprendžiamabėda. Kai kiti gydymo būdai yra neveiksmingi, tenka atlikti pleurostomiją ir sanuoti liekamąją pleuros ertmę atviru būdu. Pleurostomija lieka bene vienintelis ir saugus chirurginio gydymo būdas, kai atsiveria ilgai neužgyjančios bronchų-pleurosarba stemplės-pleuros fistulės. Pagerėjus paciento būklei, gydyti galima ir ambulatoriškai. Kai liekamoji pl

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Anilkumar, A. Verma. "Congenital Isolated Pleural Effusion in Neonates -A Case Series." Neonatology and Clinical Pediatrics 11, no. 1 (2024): 1–5. https://doi.org/10.24966/ncp-878x/100122.

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Pleural effusion is defined as fluid accumulation in the pleural space, which exists between the parietal pleura of the chest wall and the visceral pleura of the lung. Both pleural surfaces filter fluid into the pleural space, and the lymphatics are responsible for most of the fluid reabsorption.

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3

Miniati, M., J. C. Parker, M. Pistolesi, et al. "Reabsorption kinetics of albumin from pleural space of dogs." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 255, no. 2 (1988): H375—H385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1988.255.2.h375.

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The reabsorption of albumin from the pleural space was measured in eight dogs receiving 0.5 ml intrapleural injection of 131I-labeled albumin and a simultaneous intravenous injection of 125I-labeled albumin. Plasma curves for both tracers were obtained over 24 h. The 125I-albumin curve served as input function of albumin for interstitial spaces, including pleura, whereas the 131I-albumin curve represented the output function from pleural space. The frequency function of albumin transit times from pleural space to plasma was obtained by deconvolution of input-output plasma curves. Plasma recove

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Pastis, Nicholas J., Nichole T. Tanner, Katherine K. Taylor, and Gerard A. Silvestri. "Evaluation of a Steerable Tube Thoracostomy System Compatible with a Flexible Bronchoscope." US Respiratory & Pulmonary Diseases 01, no. 01 (2016): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/usrpd.2016.01.01.14.

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Tube thoracostomy is effective at draining the pleural space; however, when fluid or air is loculated, drainage may be compromised. For this reason, a steerable chest tube with a redirecting stylet was developed. This tube also allows use of a flexible bronchoscope in the pleural space without significant limitations in mobility as seen in prior studies.Methods:We tested the ability of a steerable tube thoracostomy system in a porcine subject to change position, drain fluid, and utilize a flexible bronchoscope in the pleural space. Fiducial markers were implanted into the parietal pleura to de

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5

Agostoni, E., and E. D'Angelo. "Pleural liquid pressure." Journal of Applied Physiology 71, no. 2 (1991): 393–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1991.71.2.393.

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The knowledge of pleural liquid pressure (Pliq) is essential for understanding the mechanical coupling between lung and chest wall and the liquid exchanges of the pleural space. In the last decade, research in this field contributed new ideas and stimulating controversies but also caused some confusion. These aspects, along with the older contributions, are considered in this review, which is divided into three sections. The topics of the first section are 1) measurements of Pliq with different techniques in various mammals and various regions of the pleural space, 2) comparison of Pliq with t

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Hassan, Maged, Abdelfattah A. Touman, Elżbieta M. Grabczak, et al. "Imaging of pleural disease." Breathe 20, no. 1 (2024): 230172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/20734735.0172-2023.

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The pleural space is a “potential” anatomical space which is formed of two layers: visceral and parietal. It normally contains a trace of fluid (∼10 mL in each hemithorax). Diseases of the pleura can manifest with thickening of the pleural membranes or by abnormal accumulation of air or liquid. Chest radiographs are often the first imaging tests to point to a pleural pathology. With the exception of pneumothorax, and due to the inherent limitations of chest radiographs, ultrasound and/or computed tomography are usually required to further characterise the pleural pathology and guide management

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Wiener-Kronish, J. P., M. A. Gropper, and S. J. Lai-Fook. "Pleural liquid pressure in dogs measured using a rib capsule." Journal of Applied Physiology 59, no. 2 (1985): 597–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1985.59.2.597.

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We have developed a minimally invasive method for measuring the hydrostatic pressure in the pleural space liquid. A liquid-filled capsule is bonded into a rib and a small hole is cut in the parietal pleura to allow direct communication between the liquid in the capsule and the pleural space. The pressure can be measured continuously by a strain gauge transducer connected to the capsule. The rib capsule does not distort the pleural space or require removal of intercostal muscle. Pneumothoraces are easily detected when they occur inadvertently on puncturing the parietal pleura. We examined the e

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Harada, K., T. Mutsuda, N. Saoyama, N. Hamaguchi, and Y. Shimada. "Pleural stress pressure as a force to control liquid accumulation and maintain lung expansion." Journal of Applied Physiology 58, no. 2 (1985): 339–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1985.58.2.339.

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Total gas pressure in the pleural space is more subatmospheric than that in the alveolar cavity. This pressure difference minus elastic recoil pressure of the lung was termed stress pressure. We investigated the relationship between stress pressure and a force that would hold the lung against the chest wall to prevent accumulation of liquid. The condition was a pleural space with an enlarged pleural surface pressure. Dogs anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium were placed in a box maintained subatmospherically at approximately -30 cmH2O and breathed atmospheric air for 4 h. Liquid volume in th

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Kavya, Dr Bollam, Dr Mohd Soheb Sadath Ansari, Dr Sara Ahmed, and Dr K. Ramesh Kumar. "A Study of Serum to Pleural Fluid Albumin Gradient in Differentiation of Exudative and Transudative Pleural Effusion in Comparison to Light’s Criteria." SAS Journal of Medicine 10, no. 05 (2024): 385–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sasjm.2024.v10i05.019.

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Pleural effusion is the accumulation of fluid between the parietal and visceral pleura called the pleural cavity. It can occur by itself or can be the result of surrounding parenchymal diseases like infection, malignancy or inflammatory conditions. Pleural effusion is one of the major causes of pulmonary mortality and morbidity. Both the visceral and the parietal pleura play an important role in fluid homeostasis in the pleural space. Pleural effusions develop when there is excess hydrostatic pressure in the pulmonary capillaries, when fluid removal is impaired by compromised lymphatic drainag

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10

Albertine, K. H., J. P. Wiener-Kronish, J. Bastacky, and N. C. Staub. "No evidence for mesothelial cell contact across the costal pleural space of sheep." Journal of Applied Physiology 70, no. 1 (1991): 123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1991.70.1.123.

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Pleural space width was measured by four morphological approaches using either frozen hydrated or freeze-substituted blocks of chest wall and lung. Anesthetized sheep were held in the lateral (n = 2), sternal recumbent (n = 2), or vertical (head-up; n = 2) position for 30 min. The ribs and intercostal muscles were excised along a 20-cm vertical distance of the chest wall region, which was sprayed with liquid Freon 22, cooled with liquid nitrogen, to facilitate the fastest possible freezing of the visceral and parietal pleura. We measured pleural space width in frozen hydrated blocks by reflect

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Idris, Luaie, Nilushi Ranaweera, and Diane Laws. "Investigation of Pleural Effusions." Acute Medicine Journal 10, no. 4 (2011): 216–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.52964/amja.0517.

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Pleural effusion is a common medical condition which often presents on the AMU. There are more than 50 recognised causes of pleural effusion which include diseases local to the pleura or underlying lung, systemic conditions, organ dysfunction and drugs.1 The normal pleural space contains approximately 1mL of fluid. The balance between hydrostatic and oncotic pressures in the visceral and parietal pleural vessels maintains this environment; any disorder affecting this balance will result in a pleural effusion.

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Song, Yuanlin, Baoxue Yang, Michael A. Matthay, Tonghui Ma, and A. S. Verkman. "Role of aquaporin water channels in pleural fluid dynamics." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 279, no. 6 (2000): C1744—C1750. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.2000.279.6.c1744.

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Continuous movement of fluid into and out of the pleural compartment occurs in normal chest physiology and in pathophysiological conditions associated with pleural effusions. RT-PCR screening and immunostaining revealed expression of water channel aquaporin-1 (AQP1) in microvascular endothelia near the visceral and parietal pleura and in mesothelial cells in visceral pleura. Comparative physiological measurements were done on wild-type vs. AQP1 null mice. Osmotically driven water transport was measured in anesthetized, mechanically ventilated mice from the kinetics of pleural fluid osmolality

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Sudhakaran, Dipin, Sheragaru Hanumanthappa Chandrashekhara, Sunil Kumar, and Mohamed Sulaiman. "Unusual giant pleural lipomas: imaging features." BMJ Case Reports 14, no. 6 (2021): e238870. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2020-238870.

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Pleural lipomas are rarely encountered in the thoracic cavity. Sometimes, they infiltrate the intercostal space to have a component on either side of the intercostal space forming a hourglass configuration. They are generally solitary, small and asymptomatic. We present the case of a 49-year-old man with two giant pleural lipomas, both originating from the right parietal pleura, and one of which was passing through the intercostal space giving rise to a hourglass-shaped configuration. When they occur, although benign, considering the evolutionary potential, excision is recommended.

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Fernández-Fernández, F. J., L. González-Vázquez, R. Puerta-Louro, J. de la Cruz-Álvarez, S. Pérez-Fernández, and J. de la Fuente-Aguado. "PLEURAL SPACE INFECTIONS." European Journal of Internal Medicine 19 (May 2008): S38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0953-6205(08)60126-0.

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15

Foley, Sean P. F., and John Scott Parrish. "Pleural Space Infections." Life 13, no. 2 (2023): 376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life13020376.

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Pleural space infections have been a well-recognized clinical syndrome for over 4000 years and continue to cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, our collective understanding of the causative pathophysiology has greatly expanded over the last few decades, as have our treatment options. The aim of this paper is to review recent updates in our understanding of this troublesome disease and to provide updates on established and emerging treatment modalities for patients suffering from pleural space infections. With that, we present a review and discussion synthesizing the re

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Ochi, Takahiro, Masatoshi Kurihara, Kenji Tsuboshima, Yuto Nonaka, and Toshio Kumasaka. "Dynamics of thoracic endometriosis in the pleural cavity." PLOS ONE 17, no. 5 (2022): e0268299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0268299.

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Background Thoracic endometriosis-related pneumothorax is a secondary spontaneous pneumothorax caused by thoracic endometriosis. Diaphragmatic endometriosis is well-studied, but visceral and/or parietal pleural lesions are not. Although surgery is an effective treatment, postoperative recurrence rates are unsatisfactory probably due to inadequate understanding of underlying pathophysiology. We aimed to clarify the clinicopathological features of thoracic endometriosis. Methods In total, 160 patients who underwent thoracoscopic surgery from a single institution with histopathologically proven t

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17

Lai-Fook, S. J., and M. R. Kaplowitz. "Pleural space thickness in situ by light microscopy in five mammalian species." Journal of Applied Physiology 59, no. 2 (1985): 603–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1985.59.2.603.

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The thickness of the pleural space was measured by a focusing method using a light microscope (X157, 2.5-micron depth of focus). In anesthetized animals, thin transparent parietal pleural windows were made by dissection of intercostal muscle. Multiple postmortem measurements were made of the combined thickness of the pleural space and the window by focusing in sequence on the lung surface and on 1- to 2-micron tantulum particles sprayed on the window. The window thickness was measured after creating a pneumothorax and retracting the lungs. In supine rabbits the pleural space measured at variou

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18

Gooseman, Michael R., and Alessandro Brunelli. "Pleural Tents and Pleural Space Reduction Techniques." Operative Techniques in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 27, no. 1 (2022): 114–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.optechstcvs.2022.01.002.

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19

Thakur, Charu Smita, Yugal Kumar Sharma, Sushma Makhaik, Ashwani Tomar, Rs Negi, and Shruti Thakur. "Transthoracic ultrasound as an assessment tool for pleural effusion, pleural adhesion, and pleural thickening in patients undergoing thoracoscopy." Polish Journal of Radiology 90 (February 11, 2025): 74–83. https://doi.org/10.5114/pjr/199775.

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PurposeThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of the transthoracic ultrasonography (US) for pleural adhesions and pleural thickening and to quantify pleural effusion by standardised sonographic techniques and its comparison with thoracoscopic findings. An assessment of the association between pleural thickness and pleural nodularity with histopathological examination findings was also attempted.Material and methodsThirty-one patients with suspected chest pathologies were initially assessed by transthoracic US followed by videothoracospy. Findings observed were noted and appropriatel

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20

Yalcin, Nilay Gamze, Cliff K. C. Choong, and Norman Eizenberg. "Anatomy and Pathophysiology of the Pleura and Pleural Space." Thoracic Surgery Clinics 23, no. 1 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.thorsurg.2012.10.008.

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21

Kotyza, Jaromír, David Havel, Jindra Vrzalová, Vlastimil Kulda, and Miloš Pešek. "Diagnostic and Prognostic Significance of Inflammatory Markers in Lung Cancer-Associated Pleural Effusions." International Journal of Biological Markers 25, no. 1 (2010): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/172460081002500102.

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Besides massive expression in inflammatory pleural effusions, inflammatory markers are also present in cancer-induced pleural effusions. Recent advances in cancer biology point to a role of inflammatory signaling in cancer and encourage reconsidering the diagnostic and prognostic value of inflammatory markers. Here an attempt was made to relate protein levels of inflammatory markers to underlying malignant processes in the pleural space. Pleural effusions from lung cancer patients (n=116) were subjected to a multifactorial analysis covering 13 inflammatory markers. The composition of tumor-ass

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Wang, P. M., and S. J. Lai-Fook. "Effect of ventilation frequency and tidal volume on pleural space thickness in rabbits." Journal of Applied Physiology 75, no. 4 (1993): 1836–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1993.75.4.1836.

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The thickness of the pleural space was measured by fluorescence video-microscopy during mechanical ventilation in anesthetized paralyzed rabbits. A transparent parietal pleural window was made in the fourth or sixth intercostal space near midchest by dissection of intercostal muscle and endothoracic fascia. Fluorescence-labeled (fluorescein isothiocyanate) dextran solution (1 ml) was injected into the pleural space via a rib capsule and allowed to mix with the pleural liquid. With the rabbit in the left lateral decubitus position and the pleural window superior, the light emitted from the pleu

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Broaddus, V. C., and M. Araya. "Liquid and protein dynamics using a new minimally invasive pleural catheter in rabbits." Journal of Applied Physiology 72, no. 3 (1992): 851–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1992.72.3.851.

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To obtain continuous access to the pleural space without causing injury, we tested a new transdiaphragmatic pleural catheter for its ability 1) to drain the pleural space without injury and 2) to drain liquid at a rate equal to normal pleural liquid production. In 13 anesthetized rabbits, we opened the abdomen and dissected through the diaphragm to insert a flared-tip catheter into the ventral pleural space on one side and then turned the rabbit prone. In 10 of the rabbits (8 for 6 h, 2 for 24 h), we continuously collected draining pleural liquid, and in 3 rabbits (6 h), we did not open the ca

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Miserocchi, G., D. Negrini, and C. Gonano. "Direct measurement of interstitial pulmonary pressure in in situ lung with intact pleural space." Journal of Applied Physiology 69, no. 6 (1990): 2168–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1990.69.6.2168.

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We developed an experimental approach to measure the pulmonary interstitial pressure with the micropuncture technique in in situ lungs with an intact pleural space. Experiments were done in anesthetized paralyzed rabbits that were oxygenated via an endotracheal tube with 50% humidified oxygen and kept in either the supine or the lateral position. A small area of an intercostal space was cleared of the intercostal muscles down to the endothoracic fascia. Subsequently a "pleural window" was opened by stripping the endothoracic fascia over a 0.2-cm2 surface and leaving the parietal pleura (approx

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Ahmad, Z., R. Krishnadas, and P. Froeschle. "Pleural Effusion: Diagnosis and Management." Journal of Perioperative Practice 19, no. 8 (2009): 242–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/175045890901900802.

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Pleural effusion is defined as an accumulation of fluid in the pleural space in excess of 15 to 20mls. The aetiology for the development of a pleural effusion includes changes in hydrostatic or colloid-osmotic pressure of pleural and pulmonary capillaries, changes in pleural vascular permeability and impaired lymphatic drainage. About 5% to 12% of patients referred for emergency medical treatment are diagnosed with a pleural effusion, making it a common finding on hospital admission. The excess of pleural fluid may be triggered by pleuro-pulmonary infection, malignancy, or conditions of cardia

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Trivedi, Surbhi B., and Matthew Niemeyer. "Treating Recurrent Pleural Disease: A Review of Indications and Technique for Chemical Pleurodesis for the Interventional Radiologist." Seminars in Interventional Radiology 39, no. 03 (2022): 275–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1754349.

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AbstractPleural space diseases such as recurrent pleural effusion and pneumothorax inflict a significant symptomatic burden on patients. Guidelines and studies are available to guide best practices in the setting of refractory effusions, mostly in the setting of malignancy, and recurrent pneumothorax. Less data is available to guide management of refractory transudative effusions. Recurrent pleural effusions can be treated with tunneled pleural catheters or catheter-based pleurodesis. While refractory transudative effusions can benefit from tunneled pleural catheter, this is an area of ongoing

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Xiaoyan, Zhang1 5.-7* Lichao Sun2 5.-7. Bei Wang3 5.-7. Min Liu4-7. Qing Zhao1 5.-7. and Ye Wang. "A Large Volume of Unilateral Pleural Effusion Caused by Mediastinal Mass." Mega Journal of Case Reports 7, no. 3 (2024): 2001–9. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10894510.

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IntroductionPleural effusion occurs due to an underlying medical condition that affects the balance in the fluiddistribution within the body (transudative effusion) or directly affects the pleura (exudative effusion),resulting in an accumulation of fluid in the pleural space [1]. The diagnosis of pleural effusion involvesa combination of patient history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests, including chest imaging,thoracentesis, and laboratory analysis of the pleural fluid. In general, the presence of a transudativepleural effusion suggests that extrapulmonary conditions like heart fail

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Pavan, Eswar Reddy.K, Kumar.K Pavan, Muralinath.E, et al. "Introduction of Hemothorax, Clinical Aspects of Hemothorax, Diagnostic Assessment of Hemothorax, Clinical Findings of Hemothorax and Differential Diagnosis of Hemothorax." Journal of Surgical Nursing and Post Operative Nursing Care 1, no. 2 (2023): 17–23. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8094564.

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<em>The term hemothorax is nothing but the entry of pleural fluid and blood particularly into the pleural space. Causes of hemothorax include trauma, piercing, pulmonary embolism, ruptured aortic aneurism. Iatrogenic hemothorax happens because of a complication of cardio pulmonary surgery, placement of subclavian or jugular catheter or lung and pleural - necropsies. Lung contains two layers namely visceral pleura and parietal pleura. These layers of pleura divide to each other to maintain the lung from prevention of collapsing along with the expiration of air from the lungs. Pneumothorax occur

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Agostoni, Emilio, Francesca Bodega, and Luciano Zocchi. "Albumin transcytosis from the pleural space." Journal of Applied Physiology 93, no. 5 (2002): 1806–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00494.2002.

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Occurrence of transcytosis in pleural mesothelium was verified by measuring removal of labeled macromolecules from pleural liquid in experiments without and with nocodazole. To this end, we injected 0.3 ml of Ringer-albumin with 750 μg of albumin-Texas red or with 600 μg of dextran 70-Texas red in the right pleural space of anesthetized rabbits, and after 3 h we measured pleural liquid volume, labeled macromolecule concentration, and, hence, labeled macromolecule quantity in the liquid of this space. Labeled albumin left was 318 ± 28 μg in control and 419 ± 17 μg in nocodazole experiments (mea

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Devine, Erin E., and Joseph D. Forrester. "Pleural Space Management in Thoracic Trauma." Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma 38, no. 12S (2024): S27—S32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/bot.0000000000002923.

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Summary: Thoracic injuries are common, occurring in up to 60% of polytrauma patients and represent 25% of trauma deaths. Thoracic trauma frequently involves injury to the pleural space resulting in hemothorax and pneumothorax—effective management of the pleural space is essential. Reviewed in this article is management of the pleural space in chest wall trauma (including pneumothorax and hemothorax), and chest tube placement, indications for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery, management, and complications.

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Yasar, Arafath Shaik, and suryakala Dadeboyina. "Study of Etiology of Pleural Effusion in Andhra Pradesh Population." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 15, no. 11 (2023): 826–29. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11222123.

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<strong>Background:</strong>  Pleural effusion is an excessive accumulation of fluid in the pleural space. It can be a diagnostic dilemma for clinicians because of the multiple etiologies of lung, pleura or systemic disorders.<strong>Material and Methods: </strong>95 patients with newly diagnosed pleural effusion based on Chest – x-ray PA view we’re studied . 20 ml of pleural fluid was aspirated and sent for biochemical, microbiological, and pathological analysis. Echocardiography, USG abdomen, and biopsy of the pleura were carried out in the same patients whose etiology

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Vukich, David J. "Diseases of the Pleural Space." Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America 7, no. 2 (1989): 309–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0733-8627(20)30338-2.

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Murgia, Daniela. "Diseases of the pleural space." Companion Animal 19, no. 9 (2014): 458–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/coan.2014.19.9.458.

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Antony, Veena B. "Fibrinolysis in the Pleural Space." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 166, no. 7 (2002): 909–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/rccm.2207004.

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Braun, Michael A. "Interventions in the Pleural Space." Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology 8, no. 1 (1997): 154–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1051-0443(97)70077-0.

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Boggs, David S., and Gary T. Kinasewitz. "Pathophysiology of the Pleural Space." American Journal of the Medical Sciences 309, no. 1 (1995): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000441-199501000-00008.

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Heffner, John E. "INFECTION OF THE PLEURAL SPACE." Clinics in Chest Medicine 20, no. 3 (1999): 607–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0272-5231(05)70240-9.

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38

Seetharaman, M. L., and S. Saluja. "Iceberg in the pleural space." British Journal of Radiology 67, no. 801 (1994): 909–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/0007-1285-67-801-909.

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Allen, S. J., R. E. Fraser, U. B. Laurent, R. K. Reed, and T. C. Laurent. "Turnover of hyaluronan in the rabbit pleural space." Journal of Applied Physiology 73, no. 4 (1992): 1457–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1992.73.4.1457.

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Hyaluronan influences lung fluid balance. The clearance of lung hyaluronan by way of the pulmonary lymphatics and the pleural space is increased when fluid flux into the interstitium is increased. The purpose of this study was to determine the rate at which hyaluronan is removed from the pleural space. We injected hyaluronan, labeled with tritium in the acetyl group, into the pleural space of six rabbits. The appearance of [3H]H2O in serum was measured over time to calculate the turnover rate of hyaluronan. We found that the half-lives ranged between 8 and 15 h and were positively related to t

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West, John B. "Why Doesn't the Elephant Have a Pleural Space?" Physiology 17, no. 2 (2002): 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/nips.01374.2001.

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The elephant is the only mammal whose pleural space is obliterated by connective tissue. This has been known for 300 years but never explained. The elephant is also the only animal that can snorkel at depth. The resulting pressure differences require changes in the pleural membranes and pleural space.

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Lai-Fook, S. J., D. C. Price, and N. C. Staub. "Liquid thickness vs. vertical pressure gradient in a model of the pleural space." Journal of Applied Physiology 62, no. 4 (1987): 1747–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1987.62.4.1747.

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In recent studies using relatively noninvasive techniques, the vertical gradient in pleural liquid pressure was 0.2–0.5 cmH2O/cm ht, depending on body position, and pleural liquid pressure closely approximated lung recoil (J. Appl. Physiol. 59: 597–602, 1985). We built a model to discover why the vertical gradient in pleural pressure is less than hydrostatic (1 cmH2O/cm). A long rubber balloon of cylindrical shape was inflated in a plastic cylinder. The “pleural” space between the balloon and cylinder was filled with blue-dyed water. With the cylinder vertical, we measured pleural pressure by

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LAI-FOOK, STEPHEN J. "Pleural Mechanics and Fluid Exchange." Physiological Reviews 84, no. 2 (2004): 385–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00026.2003.

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Lai-Fook, Stephen J. Pleural Mechanics and Fluid Exchange. Physiol Rev 84: 385–410, 2004; 10.1152/physrev.00026.2003.—The pleural space separating the lung and chest wall of mammals contains a small amount of liquid that lubricates the pleural surfaces during breathing. Recent studies have pointed to a conceptual understanding of the pleural space that is different from the one advocated some 30 years ago in this journal (Agostoni E. Physiol Rev 52: 57–128, 1972). The fundamental concept is that pleural surface pressure, the result of the opposing recoils of the lung and chest wall, is the maj

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Li, Bo, Gregory A. Kuzmik, Saman Shabani, et al. "Short segment rib resection to mitigate risk of pleural violation during retropleural lateral thoracic interbody fusion." Neurosurgical Focus: Video 7, no. 1 (2022): V4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2022.3.focvid21138.

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It can be difficult to avoid violating the pleura during the retropleural approach to the thoracolumbar spine. In this video, the authors resect a short segment of rib to allow more room for pleural dissection during a minimally invasive (MIS) lateral retropleural approach. After a lateral MIS skin incision, the rib is dissected and removed, clearly identifying the retropleural space. The curvature of the rib can then be followed, decreasing the risk of pleural violation. The pleura can then be mobilized ventrally until the spine is accessed. Managing the diaphragm is also illustrated by separ

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Malthaner, RA, and RI Inculet. "Minithoracoscopy for Pleural Effusions." Canadian Respiratory Journal 5, no. 4 (1998): 253–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1998/502160.

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The current management of pleural disease often requires direct visualization and biopsy of the pleural space using thoracoscopy. A diagnostic and therapeutic approach to pleural disease is described that uses a new 2 mm rigid thorascope. The technique allows complete visualization, biopsy and drainage of the pleural space with rapid recovery and minimal pain.

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Kabashi-Muçaj, Serbeze, Jeton Shatri, Kreshnike Dedushi-Hoti, Hakif Thaqi, and Flaka Pasha. "A Rare Case of Interlobar Pneumothorax." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 9, no. C (2021): 222–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.7261.

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BACKGROUND: Pneumothorax is a severe medical condition characterized by the collection of air in one or several spaces of the pleura. A rare subtype of pneumothorax where air is restricted in interlobar pleural space, mostly due to the previous fibrous pleural adhesions, is known as interlobar pneumothorax. CASE PRESENTATION: We present a rare case of a 58-year-old female admitted to the emergency department due to difficulty on breathing, hemoptysis, and discomfort in the right anterior axillary line, which worsened with inspiration and was associated with breathlessness during physical activ

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Janssen, JP, and C. Boutin. "Extended thoracoscopy: a biopsy method to be used in case of pleural adhesions." European Respiratory Journal 5, no. 6 (1992): 763–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.93.05060763.

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Extended thoracoscopy (ET) allows several large biopsies to be taken in patients with thick adhesions of the pleura when normal thoracoscopy is impossible. Twenty patients with undiagnosed pleural effusion or thickening and two with associated pulmonary tumour close to the chest wall underwent ET because closed adhesions prevented the induction of an artificial pneumothorax. Under local anaesthesia and neuroleptanalgesia, at the site of suspected lesions on computed tomographic (CT) scan, a cutaneous incision of 3-4 cm is made on the appropriate intercostal space. After dissection with blunt s

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R. Sawant, Amruta, Gayatri Gholap, and Suchita Sawant. "Effect of Instructional Package on Knowledge and Practices Regarding Care of the Patients with Intercoastal Drainage among Staff Nurses in Selected Hospitals." Indian Journal of Nursing Sciences 07, no. 04 (2022): 102–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.31690/ijns.2022.v07i04.005.

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Introduction: Lungs are the vital organs for respiration. The lungs are covered by a double-layered serous membrane called pleura. The space between the pleura contains pleural fluid which helps in lubrication and prevents friction between the lungs and chest wall. Intercostal drain is a flexible plastic tube that is inserted through the chest wall into the pleural space. It is used to remove air, fluid, and pus from the intrathoracic space. Apatient may require an intercoastal drainage system at any time when the negative pressure in the pleural cavity is disrupted, resulting in respiratory d

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Vlachojannis, Jannis, Ivar Boettcher, Lothar Brandt, and Wilhelm Schoeppe. "A New Treatment for Unilateral Recurrent Hydrothorax during CAPD." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 5, no. 3 (1985): 180–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089686088500500311.

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A 46-year-old woman undergoing CAPD developed a recurring right sided hydrothorax. Instillation of tetracycline HCI and triamcinolone acetonide did not correct the condition. However application of a fibrin adhesive (Tissucol) made it possible to achieve permanent adhesion of the pleural layers. This paper descrubes the method in detail. The development of pleural effusions in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis, although a rare complication, can lead to the interruption of CAPD (2,3). As treatment, several workers have provoked the adhesion of parietal and visceral pleura by instillation

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Li, XY, GM Brown, D. Lamb, and K. Donaldson. "Reactive pleural inflammation caused by intratracheal instillation of killed microbes." European Respiratory Journal 6, no. 1 (1993): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.93.06010027.

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To investigate the pleural leucocyte response to severe alveolar inflammation, heat-killed Corynebacterium parvum were instilled intratracheally into the lungs of PVG rats and pleural lavage was performed. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils are not normally resident in the pleural space but were found transiently after intratracheal instillation of C. parvum. Macrophages increased gradually in the pleural space following instillation, reaching a peak at day 5. The activity of plasminogen activator inhibitor in the pleural leucocyte supernatants was increased at day 1, but returned to control levels

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Vyas, Shashwat, and Amit Goyal. "Synthetic mesh placement - modality of choice in spontaneous intercostal pleural herniation: a case report." International Surgery Journal 9, no. 1 (2021): 242. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20215166.

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Hernia is defined as protrusion of a viscus or its part from the wall covering it and in some rare cases due to increased intercostal space there is spontaneous herniation of pleura and lung also known as extrathoracic lung hernia. A 48 year gentleman was admitted in our centre for chest wall swelling which has developed spontaneously 1 year back, painless, with cough impulse, further investigations like chest x-ray revealed nothing , subsequently CT thorax showed intercostal pleural hernia. He underwent surgery which diagnosed it as a case of intercostal pleural hernia having defect between 8

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