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Journal articles on the topic 'Plexus II (Computer system)'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Sant, Milena, Paolo Crosignani, Bianca Maria Bordo, Giancarlo Nicola, Mario Bianchi, and Franco Berrino. "Incidence and Survival of Brain Tumors: A Population-Based Study." Tumori Journal 74, no. 3 (June 1988): 243–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030089168807400301.

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Since 1976 the Lombardy Cancer Registry (RTL) has recorded all malignant tumors and the benign tumors of the nervous system, bladder and liver occurring in the Varese province. The aims of this report are: to describe age-specific incidence rates of the different oncotypes of primary nervous system tumors (PNSTs) and to analyze the duration of survival of the patients according to the histotype of the neoplasm. From 1976 to 1981, the RTL recorded 498 PNST: 213 tumors of glial origin, 132 tumors of mesodermal tissues, 15 tumors of multipotential cell origin, 37 tumors of nerve roots, 8 of vascular origin, and 54 PNST in which the histotype was not specified. For tumors of glial origin, the 60–69 year age class showed the highest incidence rate: 16 per 100,000/year. The incidence rate of tumors of mesodermal tissues reached the maximum value of 7.9 per 100,000/year in the age group of 75 years and over. Tumors of multipotential cell origin had a maximum incidence of 2.2 in the 60–69 year age class. The probability of survival at 5 years after diagnosis was computed by the method of Kaplan and Meier (15), and the log rank procedure was used to test statistical differences among survivors. Tumors of glial origin, excluding ependymomas and papillomas of choroid plexus, had a 5-year survival probability of 14%. Age (categorized in ≤50 and > 50 years) and histologic grade (grades I+II and grades III+IV) were analyzed as prognostic factors for tumors of glial origin: a younger age was the most predictive prognostic factor in grade I+II tumors (probability of survival = 53% in the group ≤50 years vs 0 in the group > 50 years; p < 0.005). In the less differentiated tumors there were no differences between the two age groups. Patients with tumors of mesodermal tissues had a 5-year probability of survival of 83%. Subjects younger than 50 years had a probability of survival of 95%, whereas older patients had a probability of 79%. For the other oncotypes, the 5-year survival probability was: 50% for tumors of multipotential cell origin, 63% for ependymomas and papillomas of the choroid plexus, 64% for tumors of vascular derivation, and 21% for PNST with not specified histotype.

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2

Fisher, Wink S. "Computer-Aided Intelligence: Application of an Expert System to Brachial Plexus Injuries." Neurosurgery 27, no. 5 (November 1, 1990): 837–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/00006123-199011000-00029.

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Abstract When confronted with a patient with a brachial plexus injury, how often as neurosurgeons do we consult and atlas to confirm the anatomy of the brachial plexus and then attempt to establish the location of the lesion? Similar difficulties are encountered with lumbar and sacral plexus lesions. In a project organized to assist the neurosurgeon in this time-consuming task, a computer program that can rapidly determine the site of a lesion in a brachial, lumbar, or sacral plexus injury was created. Using known anatomical pathways (37 clinically relevant upper and 20 lower extremity muscle innervations), and relying solely upon the neurological motor examination, rapid computer-assisted diagnosis is possible. When more than one final common pathway lesion occurs (for example, multiple root avulsions of the brachial plexus), possible lesion sites can be obtained. An interactive dialogue between the user and the program helps to determine the location of the lesion. The program can be run on any IBM-compatible personal computer and is presented as an instrument that provides assistance in cases of complex peripheral nerve injuries, when expert consultants are unavailable. In addition, it can be used as an aid to learning and as a review of basic neuroanatomy.

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3

Maktabi, M. A., D. D. Heistad, and F. M. Faraci. "Effects of central and intravascular angiotensin I and II on the choroid plexus." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 261, no. 5 (November 1, 1991): R1126—R1132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1991.261.5.r1126.

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The choroid plexus contains receptors for angiotensin II (ANG II) and a very high concentration of angiotensin-converting enzyme. The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that central, as well as circulating, ANG I and II decrease blood flow to the choroid plexus. Under control conditions in anesthetized rabbits, blood flow (microspheres) to the choroid plexus was 449 +/- 21 (mean +/- SE) ml.min-1.100 g(-1). Intravascular ANG I (30 and 100 ng.kg-1.min-1) decreased blood flow to the choroid plexus by 19 +/- 14 and 28 +/- 18%, respectively. Intravascular ANG II (30 and 100 ng.kg-1.min-1) also produced a decrease in blood flow by 28 +/- 9 and 47 +/- 7%, respectively. When administered into the lateral ventricle, ANG I and II (10 and 100 ng.kg-1.min-1) decreased blood flow to a similar degree: 22 +/- 11 and 31 +/- 10% and 12 +/- 10 and 27 +/- 8%, respectively. Cerebral blood flow was not decreased by intravascular or central ANG I or II. The angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor quinaprilat prevented the decrease in blood flow to the choroid plexus in response to ANG I without affecting responses to ANG II. Thus 1) circulating ANG I and II are potent constrictors of blood vessels of the choroid plexus, 2) the constrictor effect of ANG I on the blood vessels of the choroid plexus appears mediated primarily by generation of ANG II, and 3) intracerebroventricular ANG I produces large reductions in the blood flow to the choroid plexus, which suggests that there is an effective central system that converts ANG I to ANG II.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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4

Wang, Guo-Du, Xi-Yu Wang, Hong-Zhen Hu, Xiu-Cai Fang, Sumei Liu, Na Gao, and Yun Xia. "Platelet-activating factor in the enteric nervous system of the guinea pig small intestine." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 291, no. 5 (November 2006): G928—G937. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00153.2006.

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Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a proinflammatory mediator that may influence neuronal activity in the enteric nervous system (ENS). Electrophysiology, immunofluorescence, Western blot analysis, and RT-PCR were used to study the action of PAF and the expression of PAF receptor (PAFR) in the ENS. PAFR immunoreactivity (IR) was expressed by 6.9% of the neurons in the myenteric plexus and 14.5% of the neurons in the submucosal plexus in all segments of the guinea pig intestinal tract as determined by double staining with anti-human neuronal protein antibody. PAFR IR was found in 6.1% of the neurons with IR for calbindin, 35.8% of the neurons with IR for neuropeptide Y (NPY), 30.6% of the neurons with IR for choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), and 1.96% of the neurons with IR for vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in the submucosal plexus. PAFR IR was also found in 1.5% of the neurons with IR for calbindin, 51.1% of the neurons with IR for NPY, and 32.9% of the neurons with IR for ChAT in the myenteric plexus. In the submucosal plexus, exposure to PAF (200–600 nM) evoked depolarizing responses (8.2 ± 3.8 mV) in 12.4% of the neurons with S-type electrophysiological behavior and uniaxonal morphology and in 12.5% of the neurons with AH-type electrophysiological behavior and Dogiel II morphology, whereas in the myenteric preparations, depolarizing responses were elicited by a similar concentration of PAF in 9.5% of the neurons with S-type electrophysiological behavior and uniaxonal morphology and in 12.0% of the neurons with AH-type electrophysiological behavior and Dogiel II morphology. The results suggest that subgroups of secreto- and musculomotor neurons in the submucosal and myenteric plexuses express PAFR. Coexpression of PAFR IR with ChAT IR in the myenteric plexus and ChAT IR and VIP IR in the submucosal plexus suggests that PAF, after release in the inflamed bowel, might act to elevate the excitability of submucosal secretomotor and myenteric musculomotor neurons. Enhanced excitability of motor neurons might lead to a state of neurogenic secretory diarrhea.

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5

Ogino, Shuji, Shigeki Kubo, Fadi W. Abdul-Karim, and Mark L. Cohen. "Comparative Immunohistochemical Study of Insulin-like Growth Factor II and Insulin-like Growth Factor Receptor Type 1 in Pediatric Brain Tumors." Pediatric and Developmental Pathology 4, no. 1 (January 2001): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100240010112.

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Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-II is an important growth factor in development of the central nervous system. The purpose of this study was to evaluate expression of IGF-II and IGF receptor type 1 (IGFR1) in various pediatric brain tumors. Immunohistochemistry for IGF-II and IGFR1 was performed on 15 choroid plexus papillomas (CPPs) including 1 atypical CPP, 2 choroid plexus carcinomas (CPCs), 5 anaplastic ependymomas, 7 nonanaplastic ependymomas (simply referred to as “ependymoma”), 5 medulloblastomas, 1 cerebral neuroblastoma, and 1 atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (ATRT) along with 10 non-neoplastic choroid plexus and 3 non-neoplastic ependymal linings. All non-neoplastic choroid plexus, CPPs, CPCs, anaplastic ependymomas, ATRT, 71% of ependymomas, and 67% of non-neoplastic ependymal linings showed cytoplasmic positivity for IGF-II, whereas all medulloblastomas and the cerebral neuroblastoma were negative for IGF-II. In addition to cytoplasmic positivity for IGFR1, membranous positivity was observed in 73% of CPPs, both CPCs, the ATRT, 22% of non-neoplastic choroid plexus, 80% of anaplastic ependymomas, and 29% of ependymomas, but not in any medulloblastoma, cerebral neuroblastoma, or non-neoplastic ependymal lining. IGF-II and IGFR1 may play roles in the pathogeneses of CPP, CPC, anaplastic ependymoma, ependymoma, and ATRT. Immunohistochemical testing for IGF-II and IGFR1 may be useful in differentiating ATRT, CPC, and anaplastic ependymoma from medulloblastoma and cerebral neuroblastoma.

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6

Köhler, Bernd, Georg Bretthauer, Rudolf F. Guthoff, Klaus-Martin Reichert, Ingo Sieber, Oliver Stachs, Lorenzo Toso, and Stephan Allgeier. "EyeGuidance – a computer controlled system to guide eye movements." Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 2, no. 1 (September 1, 2016): 433–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2016-0096.

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AbstractThe densely innervated human cornea is the only superficial tissue of the human body in which nerve fibres are accessible in vivo by corneal confocal microscopy (CCM). Morphological parameters of the corneal sub-basal nerve plexus (SNP) derived from CCM images can potentially serve as a sensitive biomarker for early diagnosis of various neurodegenerative diseases. The evaluation of a single image with a typical field of view of 0.16 mm2 is insufficient for robust morphometric assessment. Mosaicking approaches have therefore been proposed to examine the SNP on a larger scale. Here we present a highly automated technique that significantly facilitates the generation of mosaic images of the SNP and is suitable for clinical tests.

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7

Watanabe, Shin-ichi. "The computer control system of TARN-II." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 293, no. 1-2 (August 1990): 50–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(90)91398-u.

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8

van der Holst, Menno, Yvonne Geerdink, Pauline Aarts, Duco Steenbeek, Willem Pondaag, Rob GHH Nelissen, Alexander CH Geurts, and Thea PM Vliet Vlieland. "Hand-Use-at-Home Questionnaire: validity and reliability in children with neonatal brachial plexus palsy or unilateral cerebral palsy." Clinical Rehabilitation 32, no. 10 (May 13, 2018): 1363–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269215518775156.

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Objective: To investigate construct validity and test–retest reliability of the parent-rated Hand-Use-at-Home questionnaire (HUH) in children with neonatal brachial plexus palsy or unilateral cerebral palsy. Design and subjects: For this cross-sectional study, children with neonatal brachial plexus palsy or unilateral cerebral palsy, aged 3–10 years, were eligible. Main measures: The HUH, Pediatric Outcome Data Collection Instrument Upper Extremity Scale (neonatal brachial plexus palsy only), and Children’s Hand-Use Experience Questionnaire (unilateral cerebral palsy only) were completed. The HUH was completed twice in subgroups of both diagnoses. Lesion-extent (indication of involved nerve rootlets in neonatal brachial plexus palsy as confirmed during clinical observation and/or nerve surgery) and Manual Ability Classification System levels (unilateral cerebral palsy) were obtained from the medical records. Spearman correlation coefficients between the HUH and all clinical variables, agreement, standard error of measurement, smallest detectable change and intra-class correlation were calculated. Results: A total of 260 patients participated (neonatal brachial plexus palsy: 181), of which 56 completed the second HUH (neonatal brachial plexus palsy: 16). Median age was 6.9 years for children with neonatal brachial plexus palsy, 116 had C5-C6 lesions. Median age for children with unilateral cerebral palsy was 6.4 years, 33 had Manual Ability Classification System Level II. The HUH correlated moderately with lesion-extent ( rs =−0.5), Pediatric Outcome Data Collection Instrument Upper Extremity Scale ( rs = 0.6) and Children’s Hand-Use Experience Questionnaire ( rs = 0.5) but weakly with Manual Ability Classification System levels ( rs = −0.4). Test–retest reliability was excellent (intra-class correlation2,1 = 0.89, standard error of measurement = 0.599 and smallest detectable change = 1.66 logits) and agreement was good (mean difference HUH1 − HUH2 = 0.06 logits). Conclusion: The HUH showed good construct validity and test–retest reliability in children with neonatal brachial plexus palsy or unilateral cerebral palsy.

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9

Jenks, Richard. "Scratchpad II: A computer algebra language and system." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 83, S1 (May 1988): S106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2025115.

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10

Chodobski, Adam, Joanna Szmydynger-Chodobska, and Conrad E. Johanson. "Angiotensin II regulates choroid plexus blood flow by interacting with the sympathetic nervous system and nitric oxide." Brain Research 816, no. 2 (January 1999): 518–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-8993(98)01220-7.

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11

Senior, P. V., J. Tucci, N. L. Blythe, and F. Beck. "Expression of IGF-II and H19 mRNA in the neonatal rat during normal maturation and after dexamethasone administration." Journal of Molecular Endocrinology 17, no. 3 (December 1996): 217–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/jme.0.0170217.

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ABSTRACT In this study, the expression of IGF-II and H19 was examined in the liver, skeletal muscle and choroid plexus of the neonatal rat during normal maturation and after the administration of dexamethasone. If the two genes share common regulatory elements as postulated by an enhancer competition system, their patterns of expression should remain similar throughout maturation and after treatment with dexamethasone. In the liver, down-regulation of IGF-II and H19 during maturation and after dexamethasone administration was shown. This is consistent with the hypothesis that IGF-II and H19 are regulated by common enhancers. In the secretory cells of the choroid plexus, where expression of IGF-II is known to be biallelic, IGF-II was expressed in both untreated and dexamethasone-treated animals, regardless of age, whereas H19 expression was not detectable. This is consistent with the postulate that only one gene from each allele can be engaged by the enhancers. In skeletal muscle, H19 continues to be expressed in the adult after IGF-II is switched off suggesting that IGF-II can also be regulated independently of H19.

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12

Halliwell, R. E., and J. S. Bradley. "RAMSoft II: A computer‐based room acoustics measurement system." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 89, no. 4B (April 1991): 1897. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2029427.

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13

Casulleras, J., and E. Guardia. "Computer Simulation of Liquid Methanol II. System Size Effects." Molecular Simulation 8, no. 3-5 (January 1992): 273–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08927029208022482.

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14

McShan, Daniel L., Benedick A. Fraass, Marc L. Kessler, Gwynne M. Matrone, James D. Lewis, and Tamar A. Weaver. "A computer-controlled conformal radiotherapy system. II: Sequence processor." International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 33, no. 5 (December 1995): 1159–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0360-3016(95)02033-0.

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15

Souza, N. B., E. A. Liberti, and R. R. De-Souza. "Studies on the intrinsic nervous system of the wild rodent Calomys callosus digestive tract. II: The submucous plexus." Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 31, no. 5 (May 1998): 647–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-879x1998000500007.

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16

Pollack, Steven. "Scientific Reference System II." Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling 32, no. 4 (July 1, 1992): 394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ci00008a604.

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17

Huang, Xuedong, Fileno Alleva, Hsiao-Wuen Hon, Mei-Yuh Hwang, Kai-Fu Lee, and Ronald Rosenfeld. "The SPHINX-II speech recognition system: an overview." Computer Speech & Language 7, no. 2 (April 1993): 137–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/csla.1993.1007.

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18

Van Gigch, J. P. "Design of the modern inquiring system-ii. the contemporary computer." Systems Research 5, no. 3 (September 1988): 269–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sres.3850050314.

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19

Babichev, A. V., V. G. Lebedev, V. V. Parshentsev, V. A. Pronina, and �. A. Trakhtengerts. "Construction of a translator for a multiprocessor computer system. II." Cybernetics 21, no. 1 (1985): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01075119.

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20

Stylianopoulou, F., A. Efstratiadis, J. Herbert, and J. Pintar. "Pattern of the insulin-like growth factor II gene expression during rat embryogenesis." Development 103, no. 3 (July 1, 1988): 497–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.103.3.497.

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The rat insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) gene, encoding a fetal somatomedin, expresses a family of transcripts in embryonic/fetal tissues, and also in the adult choroid plexus and the leptomeninges. We have localized IGF-II gene transcripts in sections of rat embryos of embryonic days 10–16 by performing in situ hybridization. These transcripts are present in the head mesenchyme, formed from both the mesoderm and the cephalic portion of the neural crest, and also in the majority of other tissues of mesodermal origin, predominantly those derived from the somites and the lateral mesoderm. Intense labelling was detected in muscle cells, and their precursors, throughout the examined stages, whereas in chondrocytes the initial high level of hybridization declined substantially prior to ossification. IGF-II gene transcripts are also present in derivatives of other germ layers, but in restricted sites. Thus, from the derivatives of the endoderm, only the liver and the bronchial epithelium yielded hybridization signals. Ectoderm-derived tissues, including the central and peripheral nervous system, were negative for hybridization, with the exception of the choroid plexus, the newly forming pituitary rudiment and, to a lesser extent, the auditory placode. The pattern of IGF-II gene expression during embryogenesis overlaps significantly with the reported distribution of immunohistochemically detected TGF-beta 1. A paracrine/autocrine role for IGF-II in the developmental process is discussed.

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21

DUNLOP, D. J., C. M. GRAHAM, and J. M. WATT. "The Practical Use of Axillary Brachial Plexus Block for Hand Surgery." Journal of Hand Surgery 20, no. 5 (October 1995): 677–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0266-7681(05)80134-2.

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A retrospective study of 178 patients undergoing axillary brachial plexus block (ABPB) for hand surgery used information gathered by a computer-aided anaesthetic record keeping system. The practical use of local techniques to augment the block meant that only two of the 178 patients required a general anaesthetic, giving a success rate of' 98.8%. There were no significant complications.

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Chiba, Yoichi, Ryuta Murakami, Koichi Matsumoto, Keiji Wakamatsu, Wakako Nonaka, Naoya Uemura, Ken Yanase, Masaki Kamada, and Masaki Ueno. "Glucose, Fructose, and Urate Transporters in the Choroid Plexus Epithelium." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 19 (September 30, 2020): 7230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21197230.

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The choroid plexus plays a central role in the regulation of the microenvironment of the central nervous system by secreting the majority of the cerebrospinal fluid and controlling its composition, despite that it only represents approximately 1% of the total brain weight. In addition to a variety of transporter and channel proteins for solutes and water, the choroid plexus epithelial cells are equipped with glucose, fructose, and urate transporters that are used as energy sources or antioxidative neuroprotective substrates. This review focuses on the recent advances in the understanding of the transporters of the SLC2A and SLC5A families (GLUT1, SGLT2, GLUT5, GLUT8, and GLUT9), as well as on the urate-transporting URAT1 and BCRP/ABCG2, which are expressed in choroid plexus epithelial cells. The glucose, fructose, and urate transporters repertoire in the choroid plexus epithelium share similar features with the renal proximal tubular epithelium, although some of these transporters exhibit inversely polarized submembrane localization. Since choroid plexus epithelial cells have high energy demands for proper functioning, a decline in the expression and function of these transporters can contribute to the process of age-associated brain impairment and pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases.

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Girasole, Allison E., Christopher P. Palmer, Samantha L. Corrado, E. Marie Southerland, Jeffrey L. Ardell, and Jean C. Hardwick. "Angiotensin II potentiates adrenergic and muscarinic modulation of guinea pig intracardiac neurons." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 301, no. 5 (November 2011): R1391—R1399. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00145.2011.

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The intrinsic cardiac plexus represents a major peripheral integration site for neuronal, hormonal, and locally produced neuromodulators controlling efferent neuronal output to the heart. This study examined the interdependence of norepinephrine, muscarinic agonists, and ANG II, to modulate intrinsic cardiac neuronal activity. Intracellular voltage recordings from whole-mount preparations of the guinea pig cardiac plexus were used to determine changes in active and passive electrical properties of individual intrinsic cardiac neurons. Application of either adrenergic or muscarinic agonists induced changes in neuronal resting membrane potentials, decreased afterhyperpolarization duration of single action potentials, and increased neuronal excitability. Adrenergic responses were inhibited by removal of extracellular calcium ions, while muscarinic responses were inhibited by application of TEA. The adrenergic responses were heterogeneous, responding to a variety of receptor-specific agonists (phenylephrine, clonidine, dobutamine, and terbutaline), although α-receptor agonists produced the most frequent responses. Application of ANG II alone produced a significant increase in excitability, while application of ANG II in combination with either adrenergic or muscarinic agonists produced a much larger potentiation of excitability. The ANG II-induced modulation of firing was blocked by the angiotensin type 2 (AT2) receptor inhibitor PD 123319 and was mimicked by the AT2 receptor agonist CGP-42112A. AT1 receptor blockade with telmasartin did not alter neuronal responses to ANG II. These data demonstrate that ANG II potentiates both muscarinically and adrenergically mediated activation of intrinsic cardiac neurons, doing so primarily via AT2 receptor-dependent mechanisms. These neurohumoral interactions may be fundamental to regulation of neuronal excitability within the intrinsic cardiac nervous system.

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Drive, Arnold. "Studer Dyaxis II Multi-Track Production System." Computer Music Journal 19, no. 3 (1995): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3680662.

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Safin, R. R., and O. G. Anisimov. "Influence of the local anesthetics solutions’ temperature on muscular action potential amplitude decrease at brachial plexus block." Kazan medical journal 93, no. 6 (December 15, 2012): 907–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kmj2103.

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Aim. To study influence of temperature of local anesthetics solutions on effectiveness of brachial plexus block using axillary access. Methods. Patients who underwent arm and hand surgeries were randomized either to the main group (n=25) or to the control group (n=25). In the main group, 1% lidocaine (20 ml) and 0.25% ropivacaine (40 ml - males, 30 ml - females) at 38 °C were used for brachial plexus block using axillary access. In the control group, anesthetics at room temperature were used. Brachial plexus block was performed using the axillary access at m. pectoralis major margin above the a. axillaris pulsation point. To register provoked muscular action potentials, a portative neurodiagnostic system «Nicolet One» was used. The percentage of provoked muscular action potential amplitude decrease was counted with results of a measurement before the block as a baseline. For additional analgesia and sedation phentanylum 0.005% was used until Ramsay sedation score II was achieved. «EZSAT-E» software package was used for data analysis. Results. In the main group brachial plexus block was achieved 14.2±3.4 minutes earlier than in the control group. Phentanylum dose required to provide psychic and emotional comfort was 45.4% lower in the main group (3.0±0.9 μg/kg per hour) compared to the control group (5.5±1.7 μg/kg per hour). Conclusion. The use of local anesthetics solutions at body temperature increases the efficiency of brachial plexus block and reduces the time of it’s achievement, increases it’s analgesic potential and decreases the need for narcotic analgesics to provide psychic and emotional comfort for the patient.

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Islam, Md Rafiqul, Laila Yesmin, Md Pervez Rahman, ABM Shafiul Anam Khan, Md Miraj Hossain, Md Mezanur Rahman, Rahena Khatun, and Md Muzibur Rahman. "Effect of Dexamethasone on The Duration of Analgesia for Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block." KYAMC Journal 11, no. 4 (February 11, 2021): 199–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/kyamcj.v11i4.51997.

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Background: Brachial plexus block with Bupivacaine provides effective intraoperative anesthesia and analgesia. The use of dexamethasone along with local anesthetic has been shown to improve the duration of analgesia. Objective: To observe the effect of Dexamethasone on the duration of analgesia for Supraclavicular Brachial plexus block. Materials and Methods: A prospective, double-blind study was undertaken in patients scheduled for upper limb surgeries under supraclavicular brachial plexus block. patients were randomly divided into two groups, Group (BD) and B. Group B received 28 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine with 2 ml normal saline while Group BD received 28 ml of 0.25% bupivacain with 2ml (8mg) dexamethasone for supraclavicular brachial plexus block. The groups were compared regarding quality of sensory and motor blockade. All the information was recorded in data collection sheet. Data was processed and analysed with the help of computer program SPSS and Microsoft excel. Results: There was no significant difference between groups in respect of demographic and American Society of Anaesthesiologist (ASA) status. Mean age was found to 34.7±8.53 years. In Group (BD) , 63.3% were ASA I and 36.6% were ASA II. In Group B, 60% were ASA I and 40% were ASA II. It has become evident that satisfactory anaesthesia can be made possible by addition of adjuvant to local anaesthetic in brachial plexus block (in Group-BD). onset of sensory block was faster in Group BD (8.17 ± 1.4 min) than Group B (9.12 ± 1.68 min). Similarly mean onset time of motor block in group A was 12.26 ± 3.96 min, and 11.58 ± 3.68 min in group B. Our study shows that duration of motor block was 408.68±26.96 min and 380.26 ± 24.11 min in group BD and Group B respectively. Conclusion: There was significantly prolonged duration of analgesia in addition of Dexamethasone without any unwanted effects. KYAMC Journal Vol. 11, No.-4, January 2021, Page 199-203

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27

KAMPIS, GYÖRGY. "SOME PROBLEMS OF SYSTEM DESCRIPTIONS II: INFORMATION." International Journal of General Systems 13, no. 2 (January 1987): 157–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03081078708934965.

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28

Teller, J., and S. Azar. "Townscope II—A computer system to support solar access decision-making." Solar Energy 70, no. 3 (2001): 187–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0038-092x(00)00097-9.

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Lee, Hanshin, Gavin B. Dalton, Ian A. J. Tosh, and Sug-Whan Kim. "Computer-guided alignment II :Optical system alignment using differential wavefront sampling." Optics Express 15, no. 23 (2007): 15424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.15.015424.

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Davidson, D. A., N. J. Bohannon, E. S. Corp, D. P. Lattemann, S. C. Woods, D. Porte, D. M. Dorsa, and D. G. Baskin. "Evidence for separate receptors for insulin and insulin-like growth factor-I in choroid plexus of rat brain by quantitative autoradiography." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 38, no. 9 (September 1990): 1289–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/38.9.2167329.

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Binding of insulin and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) to the choroid plexus was quantitatively characterized using autoradiography and computer densitometry. Slide-mounted brain slices were incubated in 0.1 nM [125I]-insulin or [125I]-[Thr59]IGF-I. To determine specificity of the binding sites, the labeled peptides were mixed with unlabeled analogues. Autoradiography was done with LKB Ultrofilm and analyzed with a computer image analysis system and program for densitometry. Results showed that binding was time and temperature dependent and reversible. Binding of the iodinated insulin and IGF-I was inhibited by unlabeled peptides in a dose-dependent manner. The rank order of potency of these peptides in competing for the choroid plexus iodoinsulin binding sites was: chicken insulin greater than porcine insulin greater than desoctapeptide insulin greater than IGF-I. IGF-I was more potent than porcine insulin in competing for the choroid plexus iodolGF-I binding sites. Somatostatin was ineffective. Non-linear regression analysis revealed the presence of high- (Kd 1.3 +/- 0.2 nM) and low-affinity (Kd 36 +/- 1.4 nM) binding sites for insulin and a single high-affinity binding site (Kd 3.1 +/- 0.3 nM) for IGF-I in the choroid plexus. There were approximately 50 times more binding sites (Bmax) for IGF-I than for insulin high-affinity sites, whereas the number of low-affinity sites for insulin was about equal to the number of IGF-I high-affinity sites. The results of these binding studies with iodinated insulin and [Thr59]IGF-I support the conclusion that the rat choroid plexus has separate high-affinity receptors for insulin and IGF-I, and that the IGF-I receptors outnumber the insulin receptors.

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Bista, Muna, Sudha Agrawal, and Sweta Taparia. "Sturge Weber Syndrome – Roach’s Type II Variant." Nepal Journal of Dermatology, Venereology & Leprology 18, no. 1 (October 8, 2020): 76–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njdvl.v18i1.30316.

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Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS) is a neurocutaneous sporadic disorder caused by mutation in GNAQ gene responsible for persistence of vascular plexus around cephalic portion of neural tube. It has a wide spectrum of cutaneous, neurologic and ophthalmic manifestations, which may or may not be associated with one another. Roach scale has classified it into three types. Here, we present a case of Roach’s Type II variant of SWS with Port-wine stain (PWS) and ocular abnormalities without Central Nervous System (CNS) involvement. A 24 months old female presented with hemangioma involving the left side of face since birth. She had history of corneal edema and buphthalmos at two days of life. There was no history of seizure or developmental delay and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the head ruled out cranial hemangioma. Roach’s Type II is a rare variant of SWS and should be suspected in any case having PWS along the course of trigeminal nerve with congenital glaucoma because the neurologic involvement in a given case may vary from an absence to overt clinical manifestations with or without radiological changes. Due to its wide range of manifestations, a multidisciplinary approach is required for proper management of these patients.

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Tsutsumi, K., and J. M. Saavedra. "Characterization and development of angiotensin II receptor subtypes (AT1 and AT2) in rat brain." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 261, no. 1 (July 1, 1991): R209—R216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1991.261.1.r209.

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Angiotensin II receptor subtypes (AT1 and AT2) were characterized in rat brain by displacement with the specific angiotensin antagonists Du Pont 753 and CGP 42112A, respectively, and quantitative autoradiography. Young (2-wk-old) rats expressed AT1 receptors in selected limbic system areas, structures involved in cardiovascular and fluid regulation, parts of the hippocampal formation, and the choroid plexus. In young rats, AT2 receptors were concentrated in areas involved in control and learning of motor activity, sensory areas, and selected limbic system structures. The cingulate cortex, the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex, and the superior colliculus contained both AT1 and AT2 receptors. The number of AT1 receptors in most areas of adult (8-wk-old) rats was similar to or even higher than that present in young rats. Conversely, AT2 receptors were always much lower in number in adult animals, and in some areas they were undetectable in adults. Their differential localization and development suggest different functions for the specific angiotensin II receptor subtypes.

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Wiese, J. J., A. Fascì, A. A. Kühl, B. Siegmund, M. S. Prüß, and M. Schumann. "P061 Immune cell infiltrations of myenteric plexus in IBD – characterization and implications." Journal of Crohn's and Colitis 15, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2021): S167—S168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab076.190.

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Abstract Background IBD frequently causes chronic abdominal pain and visceral hypersensitivity. To understand development of pain in IBD in more detail, we analyzed the inflammatory infiltration of the enteric nervous system (ENS). A crucial signaling point for pain transmission is the myenteric plexus situated in the smooth muscle layer of the colon wall. We investigated (i) the immune cell infiltration within the myenteric plexus, (ii) neuronal cell survival and (iii) expression of neurotransmitters by immunostaining in surgical colonic samples from patients with Crohn′s disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC). Methods FFPE material from surgeries (ileocecal resections and colectomies) was collected from 12 UC, nine CD and 11 patients that received surgeries for non-inflammatory reasons (controls). Immune cell composition, neurotransmitter expression and cell survival were analyzed by quantifying immune cell infiltration of the myenteric ganglia in immunohistochemistry sections. Immune cells within the myenteric plexus were defined as intraganglionar cells. The neurotransmitters CGRP and substance P as well as annexin V as a cell death marker were quantified based on their expression within the myenteric ganglia. Results CD3+CD4+ intraganglionar T-cells (216 ± 44 cells/mm²) were found to be increased for CD myenteric plexus compared to controls (79 ± 35 cells/mm²) (p=0.04) (see Fig. 1). For CD and UC, the cell counts of CD3+CD8+ lymphocytes infiltrating the myenteric plexus were significantly increased (controls: 39 ± 18 cells/mm², CD: 281 ± 105 cells/mm² (p=0.0004), UC: 177 ± 59 cells/mm² (p=0.04), Intraganglionar Foxp3+ T-cells were not significantly changed. Intraganglionar CD163+ and CD68+ monocytes were increased in CD (CD68+ monocytes: control: 377 ± 50 cells/mm², CD: 1278 ± 264 cells/mm², p=0.002 and CD163+ monocytes: control: 501 ± 97 cells/mm², CD: 963 ± 236 cells/mm², p=0.04). Expression levels of the neurotransmitter CGRP were found to be increased for UC myenteric plexus (control: 1.8 ± 0.2 units of intensity, UC: 2.8 ± 0.2 units of intensity, p=0.005). Substance P was found to be reduced in the myenteric plexus of CD patients if compared to controls (control: 2.1 ± 0.1 units of intensity, CD: 1.5 ± 0.2 units of intensity, p=0.007). UC myenteric plexus showed more annexin V-positive cells than control patients. Conclusion The intraganglionar immune cell composition of myenteric plexus in IBD comprises CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8 T-cells in UC and CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+ and CD3+Foxp3+ T-cells as well as CD68+ and CD163+ monocytes in CD. In UC myenteric ganglia levels of the neurotransmitter CGRP are increased whereas substance P expression is reduced in CD. UC-affected myenteric plexus show increased levels of apoptosis in comparison to controls.

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Wang, Dongming, Jingnian Pan, Guoxin Song, Ni Gao, Yi Zheng, Qiangye Zhang, and Aiwu Li. "Abundance and Significance of Neuroligin-1 and Neurexin II in the Enteric Nervous System of Embryonic Rats." BioMed Research International 2017 (2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1209360.

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Aim. To investigate the abundance of neuroligin-1 and neurexin II in the enteric nervous system (ENS) of rats on different embryonic days and to explore their potential significance.Methods. The full-thickness colon specimens proximal to the ileocecal junction of rats on embryonic days 16, 18, and 20 and of newborns within 24 hours (E16, E18, E20, and Ep0) were studied, respectively. qRT-PCR was applied for detecting the expressions of neuroligin-1 and neurexin II on mRNA, and western blotting was employed for detecting their further expressions on the whole tissue. Finally, the histological appearance of neuroligin-1 and neurexin IIαwas elucidated using immunohistochemical staining.Results. qRT-PCR showed that the neuroligin-1 and neurexin II mRNA expressions of groups E16, E18, E20, and Ep0 increased gradually with the growth of embryonic rats (P<0.05). Western blotting confirmed the increasing tendency. In immunohistochemical staining, proteins neuroligin-1 and neurexin IIαpositive cells concentrated mostly in the myenteric nerve plexus of the colon and their expressions depend on the embryonic time.Conclusion. Neuroligin-1 and neurexin II were both expressed in the ENS and have temporal correlation with the development of ENS, during which neuronal intestinal malformations (NIM) may occur due to their disruptions and consequent abnormal ENS development.

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Nakao, Mitsuyuki, Ken-ichi Hara, Masayuki Kimura, and Risaburo Sato. "Identification and estimation algorithm for stochastic neural system. II." Biological Cybernetics 52, no. 2 (June 1985): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00363997.

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Abeid, Jorge, Erez Allouche, David Arditi, and Michael Hayman. "PHOTO-NET II: a computer-based monitoring system applied to project management." Automation in Construction 12, no. 5 (September 2003): 603–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0926-5805(03)00042-6.

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37

Friendly, David S., and Ira P. Weiss. "An Automated Visual Acuity Testing Computer Program Using the Apple II System." American Journal of Ophthalmology 99, no. 2 (February 1985): 188–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0002-9394(85)90231-4.

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Baity-Jesi, M., R. A. Baños, A. Cruz, L. A. Fernandez, J. M. Gil-Narvion, A. Gordillo-Guerrero, D. Iñiguez, et al. "Janus II: A new generation application-driven computer for spin-system simulations." Computer Physics Communications 185, no. 2 (February 2014): 550–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2013.10.019.

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Hammer, J., and H. Böck. "Computer controlled area surveillance system for the TRIGA mark II reactor Vienna." Acta Physica Hungarica 59, no. 1-2 (March 1986): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03055185.

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Kawakami, Chihiro, Akiko Inoue, Kimitaka Takitani, Motomu Tsuji, Kimiko Wakai, and Hiroshi Tamai. "Imatinib mesylate treatment for platelet-derived growth factor receptor alfa-positive choroid plexus carcinoma." Clinics and Practice 2, no. 2 (May 7, 2012): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/cp.2012.e49.

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We herein report a female child with choroid plexus carcinoma treated with standard dose of imatinib at disease recurrence. This patient failed initial twice-surgical resections, central nervous system (CNS) irradiation, and adjuvant chemotherapies and high-dose thiotepa and melphalan with auto peripheral blood stem cell rescue. Finally, imatinib treatment was undergone as a palliative setting, however the tumor did not reduce and the patient died of tumor bleedings. We consider that the reasons for the failure are as follows: i) adequate CNS level of imatinib were not obtained because of the blood brain barrier, ii) the lack of plateletderived growth factor receptor beta expression in our case may have a crucial role.

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van der Meulen, Michael. "WERFTSCHLÜSSEL A GERMAN NAVY HAND CIPHER SYSTEM PART II." Cryptologia 20, no. 1 (January 1996): 37–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0161-119691884771.

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Wiggins, Richard. "Building a Campus‐Wide Information System — Part II." Campus-Wide Information Systems 11, no. 3 (March 1994): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb027579.

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Wiggins, Richard. "Building a campus-wide information system – Part II." Campus-Wide Information Systems 11, no. 3 (1994): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10650749410798667.

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Nitta, Katsumi, Yoshihisa Ohtake, Shigeru Maeda, Masayuki Ono, Hiroshi Ohsaki, and Kiyokazu Sakane. "HELIC-II: Legal reasoning system on the parallel inference machine." New Generation Computing 11, no. 3-4 (September 1993): 423–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03037186.

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Stylianopoulou, F., J. Herbert, M. B. Soares, and A. Efstratiadis. "Expression of the insulin-like growth factor II gene in the choroid plexus and the leptomeninges of the adult rat central nervous system." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 85, no. 1 (January 1, 1988): 141–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.85.1.141.

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Burdea, Grigore C., Daniel Cioi, Joseph Martin, Devin Fensterheim, and Maeve Holenski. "The Rutgers Arm II Rehabilitation System—A Feasibility Study." IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering 18, no. 5 (October 2010): 505–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tnsre.2010.2052128.

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De Man, H., J. Rabaey, J. Vanhoof, G. Goossens, P. Six, and L. Claesen. "CATHEDRAL-II—a computer-aided synthesis system for digital signal processing VLSI systems." Computer-Aided Engineering Journal 5, no. 2 (1988): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cae.1988.0015.

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Friendly, David S., and Ira P. Weiss. "Automated Visual Acuity Testing a Computer Program Using the Apple II® System." American Orthoptic Journal 36, no. 1 (January 1986): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0065955x.1986.11981694.

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Nakamura, Minoru, Takayuki Tamura, Masaru Kitsuregawa, Mikio Takagi, and Satoshi Hirano. "Design and implementation of system software for the super database computer SDC-II." Systems and Computers in Japan 27, no. 4 (1996): 41–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/scj.4690270404.

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Okumura, Ryosuke, Reinin Asato, Hidenao Fukuyama, Masahumi Ogawa, Yukio Miki, and Junji Konishi. "Epidural venous system (meningorachidian venous plexus) in juvenile amyotrophy of distal upper extremity: Assessment with GD-DTPA enhanced volumetric MR study." Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics 18, no. 3 (May 1994): 193–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0895-6111(94)90029-9.

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