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Wang, Tianyi, and Nabanita Biswas. "PLIC-1 is an inhibitor of TLR signaling (94.7)." Journal of Immunology 178, no. 1_Supplement (2007): S171. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.178.supp.94.7.
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Abstract Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are key innate immune receptors that recognize non-self pathogens and hence trigger host responses. We have recently identified an ubiquitin-like protein named protein linking integrin associated protein to cytoskeleton 1 (PLIC-1) that interacts with the cytoplasmic domain of TLR4. The interaction between TLR4 and PLIC-1 was verified by co-immunoprecipitation. Further studies suggest that PLIC-1 may be interacting with multiple TIR domain containing proteins. PLIC-1 decreased the production of TRIF in an overexpression system. Consequently, PLIC-1 was found to inhibit the TRIF-mediated activation of both NF-kB and IFN-b pathways in macrophages. Lastly, reduction of endogenous PLIC-1 by shRNAi delivered via retroviral infection enhanced the cellular responses to LPS or poly I:C. Together, our results have implicated PLIC-1 as a negative regulator of TLR pathway. This work is supported by the University of Pittsburgh faculty start-up fund.
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N'Diaye, Elsa-Noah, та Eric J. Brown. "The ubiquitin-related protein PLIC-1 regulates heterotrimeric G protein function through association with Gβγ". Journal of Cell Biology 163, № 5 (2003): 1157–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200307155.
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PLIC-1, a newly described ubiquitin-related protein, inhibited both Jurkat migration toward SDF-1α and A431 wound healing, but the closely related PLIC-2 did not. PLIC-1 prevented the SDF-1α–induced activation of phospholipase C, decreased ligand-induced internalization of SDF-1α receptor CXCR4 and inhibited chemotaxis signaled by a transfected Gi-coupled receptor. However, PLIC-1 had no effect on Gs-mediated adenylyl cyclase activation, and inhibited only the Gβγ-dependent component of Gq-initiated increase in [Ca2+]i, which is consistent with selective inhibition of Gβγ function. PLIC-1 colocalized with G proteins in lamellae and pseudopods, and precipitated Gβγ in pull downs. Interaction with Gβγ did not require PLIC-1's ubiquitin-like or ubiquitin-associated domains, and proteasome inhibition had no effect on SDF-1α activation of phospholipase C, indicating that PLIC-1's inhibition of Gβγ did not result from effects on proteasome function. Thus, PLIC-1 inhibits Gi signaling by direct association with Gβγ; because it also interacts with CD47, a modulator of integrin function, it likely has a role integrating adhesion and signaling components of cell migration.
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N'Diaye, Elsa-Noah, Aylin C. Hanyaloglu, Kimberly K. Kajihara, et al. "The Ubiquitin-like Protein PLIC-2 Is a Negative Regulator of G Protein-coupled Receptor Endocytosis." Molecular Biology of the Cell 19, no. 3 (2008): 1252–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e07-08-0775.
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The activity of many signaling receptors is regulated by their endocytosis via clathrin-coated pits (CCPs). For G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), recruitment of the adaptor protein arrestin to activated receptors is thought to be sufficient to drive GPCR clustering in CCPs and subsequent endocytosis. We have identified an unprecedented role for the ubiquitin-like protein PLIC-2 as a negative regulator of GPCR endocytosis. Protein Linking IAP to Cytoskeleton (PLIC)-2 overexpression delayed ligand-induced endocytosis of two GPCRs: the V2 vasopressin receptor and β-2 adrenergic receptor, without affecting endocytosis of the transferrin or epidermal growth factor receptor. The closely related isoform PLIC-1 did not affect receptor endocytosis. PLIC-2 specifically inhibited GPCR concentration in CCPs, without affecting membrane recruitment of arrestin-3 to activated receptors or its cellular levels. Depletion of cellular PLIC-2 accelerated GPCR endocytosis, confirming its regulatory function at endogenous levels. The ubiquitin-like domain of PLIC-2, a ligand for ubiquitin-interacting motifs (UIMs), was required for endocytic inhibition. Interestingly, the UIM-containing endocytic adaptors epidermal growth factor receptor protein substrate 15 and Epsin exhibited preferential binding to PLIC-2 over PLIC-1. This differential interaction may underlie PLIC-2 specific effect on GPCR endocytosis. Identification of a negative regulator of GPCR clustering reveals a new function of ubiquitin-like proteins and highlights a cellular requirement for exquisite regulation of receptor dynamics.
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Zhang, Yujiao, Zengyou Li, Juan Gu, et al. "Plic-1, a new target in repressing epileptic seizure by regulation of GABAAR function in patients and a rat model of epilepsy." Clinical Science 129, no. 12 (2015): 1207–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs20150202.
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Plic-1 regulates GABAAR expression at synaptic sites during epileptic seizure. Plic-1 prolongs the seizure latency and reduces the seizure severity in epileptic rats. Plic-1 affects the inhibitory function by changing the mIPSCs and evoked IPSCs of the phasic GABA-ergic synaptic current.
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Moshel, Yaron A., Robert E. Elliott, David J. Monoky, and Jeffrey H. Wisoff. "Role of diffusion tensor imaging in resection of thalamic juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma." Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 4, no. 6 (2009): 495–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2009.7.peds09128.
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Object The choice of surgical approach during resection of a thalamic juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma (JPA) is dictated by the location of the displaced normal thalamus and posterior limb of the internal capsule (PLIC). Diffusion tensor (DT) imaging and white matter tractography can identify the location of the PLIC in relation to the tumor and may be useful in planning the operative trajectory. Methods Diffusion tensor imaging was used to localize the PLIC on preoperative MR imaging in 6 children undergoing resection of thalamic JPAs. After review of the standard T2-weighted MR imaging sequences, the anticipated position of the PLIC was determined. This result was compared with the location of the PLIC determined by a blinded radiologist with the use of DT imaging. The utility of DT imaging in determining the surgical approach to a thalamic JPA, degree of resection, and neurological outcomes were all evaluated. Results Diffusion tensor imaging confirmed the expected location of the PLIC as approximated on conventional T2-weighted images in all 6 cases. In 1 patient in particular, unexpected medial deviation of the PLIC was identified, and this proved useful in tailoring the approach to a more lateral trajectory. Gross-total resection of all cystic and solid tumor components was confirmed on postoperative imaging in all cases. All patients experienced mild to moderate worsening of neurological status immediately following resection, but 4 of 6 patients were back to their preoperative baseline at 6-month follow-up. Conclusions Diffusion tensor imaging and white matter tractography successfully identified the white matter fibers emanating from the precentral gyrus within the PLIC in children with thalamic JPAs prior to surgery. Diffusion tensor imaging served as a valuable tool for stereotactic planning of operative approaches to thalamic JPAs. Localizing the position of the PLIC helped minimize potential neurological morbidity and facilitated gross-total resection.
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Pando, Francisco, María Mora, William Ulate, Manuel Vargas, Camila Plata, and Gloria Martínez-Sagarra. "Plinian Core: The long and winding road." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 6 (August 23, 2022): e91584. https://doi.org/10.3897/biss.6.91584.
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Plinian Core (PliC) is a set of vocabulary terms that can be used to describe different aspects of biological species information. Under "biological species information" all kinds of properties or traits related to taxa—biological and non-biological—are included. Thus, for instance, terms pertaining to descriptions, legal aspects, conservation, management, demographics, nomenclature, or related resources are incorporated.Plinian Core started as a collaborative project between Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio, Costa Rica) and the Global Biodiversity Information Facility Spain (GBIF Spain) in 2005. In successive years, the National Commission for Knowledge and Use of Biodiversity (CONABIO, Mexico), the National Network of Open Biodiversity Data (SiB Colombia)/the Humboldt Institute (Colombia), the University of Granada (Spain) and the University of São Paulo (USP, Brazil) were also involved. In 2012. PliC aligned with the Biodiversity Information Standards (TDWG) and an umbrella Interest Group was created (Species Information IG, Pando 2017b) with developments carried out by its corresponding TDWG Task Group (Plinian Core Task Group 2020b).PliC design requirements include: ease of use, being self-contained, able to support data integration from multiple databases, and ability to handle different levels of granularity. Since its early stages, PliC was formalized as an XML Schema. Its terms can be grouped in its current version as follows:MetadataBase elementsRecord metadataNomenclature and classificationTaxonomic descriptionNatural historyInvasive speciesHabitat and distributionDemography and threatsUses, management and conservationMiscellaneous: associated party, measurement or fact, references and ancillary dataDuring its years of existence, PliC has been implemented in several real-life contexts (e.g., Spanish Ministry for the Ecological Transition and the Demographic Challenge 2020, CRBIO 2020, SIB Colombia 2020), and a set of extensions for using PliC in GBIF Integrated Publishing Toolkit (IPT) was developed (Plinian Core Task Group 2020a).PliC has been featured in some TDWG conferences, either to explore and explain how it relates to other TDWG standards (Pando 2018), how PliC handles specific information aspects (Pando 2017a), or how it may be used in biodiversity portals (Vargas et al. 2018, Vargas et al. 2019).Recent work has focused on how to represent terms and codify structure as an XML Schema (XSD) under the current TDWG Documentation Standard (SDS, Vocabulary Maintenance Specification Task Group 2017). Challenges identified in the process comprise: how to handle terms used in different contexts, how to preserve the semantic context of terms reflected in the XSD hierarchy in the SDS flat layout, and how to refer to terms and definitions defined in other data specifications. These are the areas to focus our contribution.
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Lian, Tongda, Shintaro Matsushita, and Takayuki Aoki. "An AMR-Based Liquid Film Simulation with Surfactant Transport Using PLIC-HF Method." Applied Sciences 13, no. 3 (2023): 1955. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13031955.
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In this study, an AMR-PLIC-HF method is proposed and implemented by GPU parallel computing based on CUDA programming language and NVIDIA GPU. The present method improves the computation efficiency without compromising the accuracy and conservation of the volume. To satisfy the requirements of stencil points of the PLIC-HF method, an extended stencil computation method based on the tree-based AMR method is proposed and implemented. The Weakly Compressible Scheme (WCS) is used in the present work as a fluid solver. An evolving pressure projection method is adopted to suppress the oscillation induced by the reflection of acoustic waves. The Langmuir model is introduced into the solver to calculate surfactant transport and the Marangoni effect caused by the gradient of the interface concentration of the surfactant. The single vortex flow results verify the accuracy of the AMR-PLIC method. A single bubble rising problem with two different physical property settings is simulated. The results show good agreement with the results given by incompressible solvers. This verifies the accuracy of the two-phase flow solver including the AMR-PLIC-HF method and the WCS. The generation and rupture of liquid film by a single bubble freely rising to an interface is simulated by the present solver with a 1024×2048 AMR grid as the finest resolution. This simulation successfully calculates surfactant transport and the Marangoni effect.
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Silva, Aquisson T. G. da, Célio Fernandes, Juniormar Organista, Leandro Souza, and Antonio Castelo. "Validation of HiG-Flow Software for Simulating Two-Phase Flows with a 3D Geometric Volume of Fluid Algorithm." Mathematics 11, no. 18 (2023): 3900. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math11183900.
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This study reports the development of a numerical method to simulate two-phase flows of Newtonian fluids that are incompressible, immiscible, and isothermal. The interface in the simulation is located and reconstructed using the geometric volume of fluid (VOF) method. The implementation of the piecewise-linear interface calculation (PLIC) scheme of the VOF method is performed to solve the three-dimensional (3D) interface transport during the dynamics of two-phase flows. In this method, the interface is approximated by a line segment in each interfacial cell. The balance of forces at the interface is accounted for using the continuum interfacial force (CSF) model. To solve the Navier–Stokes equations, meshless finite difference schemes from the HiG-Flow computational fluid dynamics software are employed. The 3D PLIC-VOF HiG-Flow algorithm is used to simulate several benchmark two-phase flows for the purpose of validating the numerical implementation. First, the performance of the PLIC implementation is evaluated by conducting two standard advection numerical tests: the 3D shearing flow test and the 3D deforming field test. Good agreement is obtained for the 3D interface shape using both the 3D PLIC-VOF HiG-Flow algorithm and those found in the scientific literature, specifically, the piecewise-constant flux surface calculation, the volume of fluid method implemented in OpenFOAM, and the high-order finite-element software FEEL. In addition, the absolute error of the volume tracking advection calculation obtained by our 3D PLIC-VOF HiG-Flow algorithm is found to be smaller than the one found in the scientific literature for both the 3D shearing and 3D deforming flow tests. The volume fraction conservation absolute errors obtained using our algorithm are 4.48×10−5 and 9.41×10−6 for both shearing and deforming flow tests, respectively, being two orders lower than the results presented in the scientific literature at the same level of mesh refinement. Lastly, the 3D bubble rising problem is simulated for different fluid densities (ρ1/ρ2=10 and ρ1/ρ2=1000) and viscosity ratios (μ1/μ2=10 and μ1/μ2=100). Again, good agreement is obtained for the 3D interface shape using both the newly implemented algorithm and OpenFOAM, DROPS, and NaSt3D software. The 3D PLIC-VOF HiG-Flow algorithm predicted a stable ellipsoidal droplet shape for ρ1/ρ2=10 and μ1/μ2=10, and a stable cap shape for ρ1/ρ2=1000 and μ1/μ2=100. The bubble’s rise velocity and evolution of the bubble’s center of mass are also computed with the 3D PLIC-VOF HiG-Flow algorithm and found to be in agreement with those software. The rise velocity of the droplet for both the ellipsoidal and cap flow regime’s is found, in the initial stages of the simulation, to gradually increase from its initial value of zero to a maximum magnitude; then, the steady-state velocity of the droplet decreases, being more accentuated for the cap regime.
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Baragetti, Andrea, Alice Ossoli, Arianna Strazzella, et al. "Low Plasma Lecithin: Cholesterol Acyltransferase (LCAT) Concentration Predicts Chronic Kidney Disease." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 7 (2020): 2289. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9072289.
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Low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c) is the most remarkable lipid trait both in mild-to-moderate chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients as well as in advanced renal disease stages, and we have previously shown that reduced lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) concentration is a major determinant of the low HDL phenotype. In the present study, we test the hypothesis that reduced LCAT concentration in CKD contributes to the progression of renal damage. The study includes two cohorts of subjects selected from the PLIC study: a cohort of 164 patients with CKD (NefroPLIC cohort) and a cohort of 164 subjects selected from the PLIC participants with a basal estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) > 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (PLIC cohort). When the NefroPLIC patients were categorized according to the LCAT concentration, patients in the 1st tertile showed the highest event rate at follow-up with an event hazard ratio significantly higher compared to the 3rd LCAT tertile. Moreover, in the PLIC cohort, subjects in the 1st LCAT tertile showed a significantly faster impairment of kidney function compared to subjects in the 3rd LCAT tertile. Serum from subjects in the 1st LCAT tertile promoted a higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in renal cells compared to serum from subjects in the third LCAT tertile, and this effect was contrasted by pre-incubation with recombinant human LCAT (rhLCAT). The present study shows that reduced plasma LCAT concentration predicts CKD progression over time in patients with renal dysfunction, and, even more striking, it predicts the impairment of kidney function in the general population.
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Colpani, O., E. Tragni, M. Casula, E. Olmastroni, A. L. Catapano, and P. Magni. "Cardiometabolic profile in PLIC-MI and PLIC-CHIESA cohorts: Comparison of two different geographic settings." Atherosclerosis 315 (December 2020): e182-e183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.10.568.
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Isaacs, Albert M., Joshua S. Shimony, Diego M. Morales, et al. "Feasibility of fast brain diffusion MRI to quantify white matter injury in pediatric hydrocephalus." Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 24, no. 4 (2019): 461–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2019.5.peds18596.
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OBJECTIVETraditionally, diffusion MRI (dMRI) has been performed in parallel with high-resolution conventional MRI, which requires long scan times and may require sedation or general anesthesia in infants and young children. Conversely, fast brain MRI permits image acquisition without the need for sedation, although its short pulse sequences, susceptibility to motion artifact, and contrast resolution have limited its use to assessing ventricular size or major structural variations. Here, the authors demonstrate the feasibility of leveraging a 3-direction fast brain MRI protocol to obtain reliable dMRI measures.METHODSFast brain MRI with 3-direction dMRI was performed in infants and children before and after hydrocephalus treatment. Regions of interest in the posterior limbs of the internal capsules (PLICs) and the genu of the corpus callosum (gCC) were drawn on diffusion-weighted images, and mean diffusivity (MD) data were extracted. Ventricular size was determined by the frontal occipital horn ratio (FOHR). Differences between and within groups pre- and posttreatment, and FOHR-MD correlations were assessed.RESULTSOf 40 patients who met inclusion criteria (median age 27.5 months), 15 (37.5%), 17 (42.5%), and 8 (20.0%) had posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH), congenital hydrocephalus (CH), or no intracranial abnormality (controls), respectively. A hydrocephalus group included both PHH and CH patients. Prior to treatment, the FOHR (p < 0.001) and PLIC MD (p = 0.027) were greater in the hydrocephalus group than in the controls. While the mean gCC MD in the hydrocephalus group (1.10 × 10−3 mm2/sec) was higher than that of the control group (0.98), the difference was not significant (p = 0.135). Following a median follow-up duration of 14 months, decreases in FOHR, PLIC MD, and gCC MD were observed in the hydrocephalus group and were similar to those in the control group (p = 0.107, p = 0.702, and p = 0.169, respectively). There were no correlations identified between FOHR and MDs at either time point.CONCLUSIONSThe utility of fast brain MRI can be extended beyond anatomical assessments to obtain dMRI measures. A reduction in PLIC and gCC MD to levels similar to those of controls was observed within 14 months following shunt surgery for hydrocephalus in PHH and CH infants. Further studies are required to assess the role of fast brain dMRI for assessing clinical outcomes in pediatric hydrocephalus patients.
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Pando, Francisco, Maria Mora-Cross, Camila Plata, Manuel Vargas, and Gloria Martínez-Sagarra. "Plinian Core: A Data Specification for Species Pages in the Real World." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 8 (August 20, 2024): e135064. https://doi.org/10.3897/biss.8.135064.
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Plinian Core (PliC), a standard in development by a Biodiversity Information Standards (TDWG) task group, is a set of vocabulary terms that can be used to describe different aspects of biological species information, including all kinds of properties or traits related to taxa—biological and non-biological. PliC incorporates terms pertaining to descriptions, legal aspects, conservation, management, uses, demographics, nomenclature, or related resources (Plinian Core Task Group 2021).Having a data specification is just a small part of what it takes to prepare and publish species information. The specification provides a structured way to describe species-related data, ensuring consistency and interoperability across different platforms and databases. Different aspects of Plinian Core and its development have been presented in the past (Pando 2018; Pando et al. 2022). In this contribution, we shift the focus out of the specification itself, to other key aspects of species information dissemination.Plinian Core has been already put to use in various real-world scenarios. Here we select three examples to present the most significant lessons learned:Cross-Nature ProjectThis project developed a Resource Description Framework for PliC to create an ontology-based endpoint for the Species Information System of the Spanish Ministry for the Environment (EIDOS). It provides a structured framework for describing and integrating species data following the Linked Open Data principles. The system provides information for over 85,000 species.Biodiversity Catalogue of SiB ColombiaThis national catalogue provides information on the natural history, conservation, threats, and biology of Colombian species. Aimed at a broad audience, it maintains scientific rigor while being accessible to anyone interested in Colombia's biodiversity. PliC has been essential in this endeavor, enabling the inclusion of both highly structured technical information and rich, engaging textual descriptions for over 6,000 species.EncicloVidaDeveloped by CONABIO, EncicloVida aims to publicize the Mexican biodiversity. The platform integrates biological species information on more than 114,000 species of plants, animals, fungi, bacteria, and protozoa that CONABIO has gathered through the National Information System on Biodiversity (SNIB) in collaboration with Mexican researchers.These implementations are based on the PliC Core abstract Model that is expressed as an XML Schema definitiion (XSD), and the supporting documentation is provided in the PliC Wiki.Automatic aggregation of species pages is challenging and often ineffective as differences in taxonomic treatments, or in local populations (either biological or otherwise: threat status, laws and regulations, etc.) frequently create inconsistencies or even render false information. Conversely, sharing a standard across projects offers immediate benefits, such as consistency of navigation and information, or the facility for sharing software solutions.Plinian Core terms, vocabularies and structure have been developed in collaboration with implementers and in response to real-world demands. That has resulted in a set of fairly large data specifications, but one flexible and easy to understand by domain experts who may not work comfortably with more technical approaches.Each implementation puts emphasis on different aspects, applying different levels of granularity depending on the requirements. This is done by choosing between "unstructured" terms (for low granularity) or the "atomized classes'' (for highly structured information).For instance, dispersal information can be recorded as a text block ("DispersalUnstructured") or using a set of specific terms: Purpose, DispersalMeans, StructureDisperse ("DispersalAtomized").PliC reuses a number of terms from other standards (see Borrowed terms section) following a well-established best practice. Using XSD files as a basis, we link borrowed terms from external sources to their original specifications, which were also expressed as XSD files. This should provide consistency and reliability. However, this has proven to be problematic to maintain and validate, as links are broken and files changed. To keep the PliC XSD file valid, we opted for maintaining local copies of the XSD of the respective reused standards.We also aim to present some current and future developments of PliC, especially in the context of the Living Atlases community. Thus, we will explore other elements involved in sharing species information such as the Global Biodiversity Information Facility's Integrated Publishing Toolkit extensions, SPARQL Endpoints, Frictionless Data Packages, Research Object-Crates, and integration with Atlas of Living Australia modules.
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Mangano, Francesco T., Mekibib Altaye, Robert C. McKinstry, et al. "Diffusion tensor imaging study of pediatric patients with congenital hydrocephalus: 1-year postsurgical outcomes." Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 18, no. 3 (2016): 306–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2016.2.peds15628.
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OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate white matter (WM) structural abnormalities using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in children with hydrocephalus before CSF diversionary surgery (including ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion and endoscopic third ventriculostomy) and during the course of recovery after surgery in association with neuropsychological and behavioral outcome. METHODS This prospective study included 54 pediatric patients with congenital hydrocephalus (21 female, 33 male; age range 0.03–194.5 months) who underwent surgery and 64 normal controls (30 female, 34 male; age range 0.30–197.75 months). DTI and neurodevelopmental outcome data were collected once in the control group and 3 times (preoperatively and at 3 and 12 months postoperatively) in the patients with hydrocephalus. DTI measures, including fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD) values were extracted from the genu of the corpus callosum (gCC) and the posterior limb of internal capsule (PLIC). Group analysis was performed first cross-sectionally to quantify DTI abnormalities at 3 time points by comparing the data obtained in the hydrocephalus group for each of the 3 time points to data obtained in the controls. Longitudinal comparisons were conducted pairwise between different time points in patients whose data were acquired at multiple time points. Neurodevelopmental data were collected and analyzed using the Adaptive Behavior Assessment System, Second Edition, and the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, Third Edition. Correlation analyses were performed between DTI and behavioral measures. RESULTS Significant DTI abnormalities were found in the hydrocephalus patients in both the gCC (lower FA and higher MD, AD, and RD) and the PLIC (higher FA, lower AD and RD) before surgery. The DTI measures in the gCC remained mostly abnormal at 3 and 12 months after surgery. The DTI abnormalities in the PLIC were significant in FA and AD at 3 months after surgery but did not persist when tested at 12 months after surgery. Significant longitudinal DTI changes in the patients with hydrocephalus were found in the gCC when findings at 3 and 12 months after surgery were compared. In the PLIC, trend-level longitudinal changes were observed between preoperative findings and 3-month postoperative findings, as well as between 3- and 12-month postoperative findings. Significant correlation between DTI and developmental outcome was found at all 3 time points. Notably, a significant correlation was found between DTI in the PLIC at 3 months after surgery and developmental outcome at 12 months after surgery. CONCLUSIONS The data showed significant WM abnormality based on DTI in both the gCC and the PLIC in patients with congenital hydrocephalus before surgery, and the abnormalities persisted in both the gCC and the PLIC at 3 months after surgery. The DTI values remained significantly abnormal in the gCC at 12 months after surgery. Longitudinal analysis showed signs of recovery in both WM structures between different time points. Combined with the significant correlation found between DTI and neuropsychological measures, the findings of this study suggest that DTI can serve as a sensitive imaging biomarker for underlying neuroanatomical changes and postsurgical developmental outcome and even as a predictor for future outcomes.
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Dubey, Aditi, Madison Baxter, Kevin J. Hendargo, Arturo Medrano-Soto, and Milton H. Saier. "The Pentameric Ligand-Gated Ion Chanel Family: A New Member of the Voltage Gated Ion Channel Superfamily?" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 9 (2024): 5005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25095005.
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In this report we present seven lines of bioinformatic evidence supporting the conclusion that the Pentameric Ligand-gated Ion Channel (pLIC) Family is a member of the Voltage-gated Ion Channel (VIC) Superfamily. In our approach, we used the Transporter Classification Database (TCDB) as a reference and applied a series of bioinformatic methods to search for similarities between the pLIC family and members of the VIC superfamily. These include: (1) sequence similarity, (2) compatibility of topology and hydropathy profiles, (3) shared domains, (4) conserved motifs, (5) similarity of Hidden Markov Model profiles between families, (6) common 3D structural folds, and (7) clustering analysis of all families. Furthermore, sequence and structural comparisons as well as the identification of a 3-TMS repeat unit in the VIC superfamily suggests that the sixth transmembrane segment evolved into a re-entrant loop. This evidence suggests that the voltage-sensor domain and the channel domain have a common origin. The classification of the pLIC family within the VIC superfamily sheds light onto the topological origins of this family and its evolution, which will facilitate experimental verification and further research into this superfamily by the scientific community.
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Zhang, Bing, Shijie Zhang, Yu Zhang, Siyu Zhang, Baofeng Zhu, and Ri Li. "Numerical Simulation of Dendrite Motion Fidelity Based on the Interface Capture Method." Journal of Engineering 2023 (July 21, 2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/9615648.
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During alloy solidification, many free grains in the melt have important effects on the final microstructure and composition distributions. In this paper, grain motion is calculated based on an interface tracking method coupled with a cellular automata (CA) method. First, the interface tracking capabilities of the level set, simple linear interface calculation (SLIC), and piecewise linear interface calculation (PLIC) methods are compared, and the fidelity of the three models is explored. Then, the coupling degrees of these three models with the CA method are analyzed. Finally, the PLIC method is used to simulate various behaviors of grain movement and to verify the authenticity of the dendrite motion calculation. The simulation results show that the VOF methods more readily coupled with the CA model than the level set method, and it is more suitable for calculating the motion behaviors of dendrites. Among the VOF methods, the interface reconstructed by the SLIC method is relatively rough and can only calculate objects with simple morphologies. The PLIC method has a fine interface and small error in the calculation of dendrite movement, and it does not significantly impact the subsequent calculations.
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Mattavelli, Elisa, Elena Olmastroni, Nick Nurmohamed, et al. "VLDL cholesterol associates with higher plasmatic expression of inflammatory proteins and atherosclerotic pathways compared to LDL cholesterol." European Atherosclerosis Journal 2, no. 3 (2023): 53–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.56095/eaj.v2i3.51.
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Background and aim: High cholesterol in Low-Density Lipoproteins (LDL-C) is the key target of current pharmacological treatments aimed at reducing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD) risk. Increased cholesterol in Very low-density lipoproteins (“VLDL-C”) is an independent predictor of ACVD. VLDL-C was previously associated with markers of inflammation (for instance C-reactive protein). We now tested the relationship between either VLDL-C or LDL-C with a large spectrum of inflammatory proteins in plasma collected from subjects at different ACVD risks. Methods: We measured 276 proteins (OlinkTM) in plasma from a primary ACVD risk prevention cohort (“PLIC” in Milan; n=656 (8.2% on statins)) and a secondary ACVD risk prevention cohort (the Second Manifestations of ARTerial disease, “SMART”, the Netherlands, n=630 (50.8% on statins)). Cohorts were divided into three groups for VLDL-C (“Normal” VLDL-C<15 mg/dL, “High” VLDL-C 15-30 mg/dL, “Very high” VLDL-C >30 mg/dL) and LDL-C (“Normal” LDL-C <115 mg/dL, “High” LDL-C 115-155 mg/dL, “Very high” LDL-C>155 mg/dL). The expression (Normalized Protein eXpression, NPX) of each protein was compared among these groups by artificial intelligence. The performance to discriminate subjects with higher VLDL-C or LDL-C was evaluated by comparing the Areas Under the Curve (AUCs) of the Receiver Operating Characteristics curve (ROC) considering proteomics on top of ACVD risk factors (“CVRFs”: age, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, glycemia, therapies), versus the AUC of the ROCs with CVRFs alone. Results: The number of plasma proteins differentially expressed increased, as a function of higher VLDL-C in PLIC, as the NPXs of 84 were higher in “High” and the NPXs of 136 were higher in “Very high” vs “Normal” VLDL-C respectively. A similar trend was found in SMART, where the NPXs of 30 proteins were higher in “High” and the NPXs of 64 were higher in “Very high” vs “Normal” VLDL-C respectively. 26 proteins were shared between the two populations and recapitulated key atherosclerotic pathways (including chemotaxis of immune cells). The relationship between LDL-C was less marked; in PLIC, 14 proteins were more expressed in “High” and 33 in “Very high” vs “Normal” LDL-C respectively, while in SMART, the NPXs of 11 proteins were higher in “High” and the NPXs of 36 were higher in “Very high” vs “Normal” LDL-C respectively. Only 4 proteins were shared between high and very high LDL-C in the two populations. Finally, none of the proteins were shared between the groups of “High”/“Very high” VLDL-C and “High”/“Very high” LDL-C in the two cohorts. Canonical CVRFs alone slightly improved the ability to identify subjects with increased VLDL-C both in PLIC and SMART (AUCs between 0.6 on average), but adding plasma proteomics markedly improved the performance to identify subjects with “High” VLDL-C, in PLIC (AUC=0.767 (0.709-0.837)) and in SMART (AUC=0.781 (0.681-0.873)), and with “Very high” VLDL-C (AUC=0.950 (0.899-0.976) in PLIC, and AUC=0.938 (0.894-0.971) in SMART). The ROC of plasma proteomics with CVRFs was also superior to the ROC of the CVRFs alone to identify subjects with “High” and “Very high” LDL-C, but, as compared to the ROCs that discriminated subjects with “High” and “Very-high” VLDL-C, the AUCs were attenuated in both cohort (for “High” LDL-C: AUC=0.665 (0.558-0.774) in PLIC and AUC=0.775 (0.704-0.842) in SMART; for “Very high” LDL-C: AUC =0.776 (0.694-0.854) in PLIC and AUC=0.882 (0.825-0.931) in SMART). Conclusion: High VLDL-C associates with a higher number of differentially expressed plasma proteins versus high LDL-C and none of the proteins were in common. Our data do not underestimate the value of LDL-C in ACVD but reinforce the concept that VLDL-C may also promote different atherosclerotic pathways involved in determining ACVD.
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Air, Ellen L., Weihong Yuan, Scott K. Holland, et al. "Longitudinal comparison of pre- and postoperative diffusion tensor imaging parameters in young children with hydrocephalus." Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 5, no. 4 (2010): 385–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2009.11.peds09343.
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Object The goal in this study was to compare the integrity of white matter before and after ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt insertion by evaluating the anisotropic diffusion properties with the aid of diffusion tensor (DT) imaging in young children with hydrocephalus. Methods The authors retrospectively identified 10 children with hydrocephalus who underwent both pre- and postoperative DT imaging studies. The DT imaging parameters (fractional anisotropy [FA], mean diffusivity, axial diffusivity, and radial diffusivity) were computed and compared longitudinally in the splenium and genu of the corpus callosum (gCC) and in the anterior and posterior limbs of the internal capsule (PLIC). The patients' values on DT imaging at the pre- and postshunt stages were compared with the corresponding age-matched controls as well as with a large cohort of healthy children in the database. Results In the gCC, 7 of 10 children had abnormally low preoperative FA values, 6 of which normalized postoperatively. All 3 of the 10 children who had normal preoperative FA values had normal FA values postoperatively as well. In the PLIC, 7 of 10 children had abnormally high FA values, 6 of which normalized postoperatively, whereas the other one had abnormally low postoperative FA. Of the remaining 3 children, 2 had abnormally low preoperative FA values in the PLIC; this normalized in 1 patient after surgery. The other child had a normal preoperative FA value that became abnormally low postoperatively. When comparing the presurgery frequency of abnormally low, normal, and abnormally high FA values to those postsurgery, there was a statistically significant longitudinal difference in both gCC (p = 0.02) and PLIC (p = 0.002). Conclusions In this first longitudinal DT imaging study of young children with hydrocephalus, DT imaging anisotropy yielded abnormal results in several white matter regions of the brain, and trended toward normalization following VP shunt placement.
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Lehmann, Moritz, and Stephan Gekle. "Analytic Solution to the Piecewise Linear Interface Construction Problem and Its Application in Curvature Calculation for Volume-of-Fluid Simulation Codes." Computation 10, no. 2 (2022): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/computation10020021.
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The plane–cube intersection problem has been discussed in the literature since 1984 and iterative solutions to it have been used as part of piecewise linear interface construction (PLIC) in computational fluid dynamics simulation codes ever since. In many cases, PLIC is the bottleneck of these simulations regarding computing time, so a faster analytic solution to the plane–cube intersection would greatly reduce the computing time for such simulations. We derive an analytic solution for all intersection cases and compare it to the previous solution from Scardovelli and Zaleski (Scardovelli, R.; Zaleski, S. Analytical relations connecting linear interfaces and volume fractions in rectangular grids. J. Comput. Phys.2000, 164, 228–237), which we further improve to include edge cases and micro-optimize to reduce arithmetic operations and branching. We then extend our comparison regarding computing time and accuracy to include two different iterative solutions as well. We find that the best choice depends on the employed hardware platform: on the CPU, Newton–Raphson is fastest with compiler optimization enabled, while analytic solutions perform better than iterative solutions without. On the GPU, the fastest method is our optimized version of the analytic SZ solution. We finally provide details on one of the applications of PLIC—curvature calculation for the Volume-of-Fluid model used for free surface fluid simulations in combination with the lattice Boltzmann method.
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Skřičková, Jana, Bohdan Kadlec, and Ondřej Venclíček. "Non-small cell lung cancer." Vnitřní lékařství 63, no. 11 (2017): 861–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.36290/vnl.2017.159.
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Lošťáková, Vladimíra, Milan Kuna, Vítězslav Kolek, Filip Čtvrtlík, and Gabriela Vaculová. "Drug-induced lung injury." Klinická farmakologie a farmacie 32, no. 4 (2019): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.36290/far.2018.025.
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Pudil, Radek. "Pulmonary edema in swimmers and divers." Cor et Vasa 65, Suppl.3 (2023): 34–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.33678/cor.2023.076.
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Tynchenko, V. S., V. V. Kukartsev, A. I. Cherepanov, V. E. Petrenko, and N. N. Dzhioeva. "Development of PLIC-based time synchronization device." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1728 (January 2021): 012022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1728/1/012022.
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Chiodo, L., M. Casula, A. L. Catapano, et al. "Characterization of metabolic syndrome in PLIC cohort." Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases 27, no. 1 (2017): e14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2016.11.038.
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Casula, Manuela, Lorenzo Chiodo, Andrea Baragetti, et al. "Characterization of metabolic syndrome in PLIC cohort." Atherosclerosis 263 (August 2017): e181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.06.582.
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Aker, Karoline, Ragnhild Støen, Live Eikenes, et al. "Therapeutic hypothermia for neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy in India (THIN study): a randomised controlled trial." Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition 105, no. 4 (2019): 405–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2019-317311.
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ObjectiveTo evaluate the neuroprotective effect of therapeutic hypothermia (TH) induced by phase changing material (PCM) on MRI biomarkers in infants with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) in a low-resource setting.DesignOpen-label randomised controlled trial.SettingOne neonatal intensive care unit in a tertiary care centre in India.Patients50 term/near-term infants admitted within 5 hours after birth with predefined physiological criteria and signs of moderate/severe HIE.InterventionsStandard care (n=25) or standard care plus 72 hours of hypothermia (33.5°C±0.5°C, n=25) induced by PCM.Main outcome measuresPrimary outcome was fractional anisotropy (FA) in the posterior limb of the internal capsule (PLIC) on neonatal diffusion tensor imaging analysed according to intention to treat.ResultsPrimary outcome was available for 22 infants (44%, 11 in each group). Diffusion tensor imaging showed significantly higher FA in the cooled than the non-cooled infants in left PLIC and several white matter tracts. After adjusting for sex, birth weight and gestational age, the mean difference in PLIC FA between groups was 0.026 (95% CI 0.004 to 0.048, p=0.023). Conventional MRI was available for 46 infants and demonstrated significantly less moderate/severe abnormalities in the cooled (n=2, 9%) than in the non-cooled (n=10, 43%) infants. There was no difference in adverse events between groups.ConclusionsThis study confirmed that TH induced by PCM reduced brain injury detected on MRI in infants with moderate HIE in a neonatal intensive care unit in India. Future research should focus on optimal supportive treatment during hypothermia rather than looking at efficacy of TH in low-resource settings.Trial registration numberCTRI/2013/05/003693.
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Jakubec, Petr, Monika Žurková, Lenka Hajdová, Aneta Křenková, and Vítězslav Kolek. "The complications after lung transplantation." Vnitřní lékařství 63, no. 11 (2017): 848–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.36290/vnl.2017.158.
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Minárik, Marek. "Molecular profiling of lung cancer." Onkologie 10, no. 1 (2016): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.36290/xon.2016.003.
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Koubková, Leona. "Antiangiogenic therapy of lung cancer." Onkologie 12, no. 5 (2018): 231–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.36290/xon.2018.042.
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Sun, Liang, Yang Li, Jiujiang Yan, et al. "A Review on Pulsed Laser Preparation of Quantum Dots in Colloids for the Optimization of Perovskite Solar Cells: Advantages, Challenges, and Prospects." Nanomaterials 14, no. 19 (2024): 1550. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano14191550.
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In recent years, academic research on perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has attracted remarkable attention, and one of the most crucial issues is promoting the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and operational stability of PSCs. Generally, modification of the electron or hole transport layers between the perovskite layers and electrodes via surface engineering is considered an effective strategy because the inherent structural defects between charge carrier transport layers and perovskite layers can be reshaped and modified by adopting the functional nanomaterials, and thus the charge recombination rate can be naturally decreased. At present, large amounts of available nanomaterials for surface modification of the perovskite films are extensively investigated, mainly including nanocrystals, nanorods, nanoarrays, and even colloidal quantum dots (QDs). In particular, as unique size-dependent nanomaterials, the diverse quantum properties of colloidal QDs are different from other nanomaterials, such as their quantum confinement effects, quantum-tunable effects, and quantum surface effects, which display great potential in promoting the PCE and operational stability of PSCs as the charge carriers in perovskite layers can be effectively tuned by these quantum effects. However, preparing QDs with a neat and desirable size remains a technical difficulty, even though the present chemical engineering is highly advanced. Fortunately, the rapid advances in laser technology have provided new insight into the precise preparation of QDs. In this review, we introduce a new approach for preparing the QDs, namely pulsed laser irradiation in colloids (PLIC), and briefly highlight the innovative works on PLIC-prepared QDs for the optimization of PSCs. This review not only highlights the advantages of PLIC for QD preparation but also critically points out the challenges and prospects of QD-based PSCs.
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Yuan, Weihong, Charles B. Stevenson, Mekibib Altaye, et al. "Diffusion tensor imaging in children following prenatal myelomeningocele repair and its predictive value for the need and timing of subsequent CSF diversion surgery for hydrocephalus." Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 27, no. 4 (2021): 391–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2020.9.peds20570.
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OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), an objective and noninvasive neuroimaging technique, for its potential as an imaging biomarker to predict the need and timing of CSF diversion surgery in patients after prenatal myelomeningocele (MMC) repair. METHODS This was a retrospective analysis of data based on 35 pediatric patients after prenatal MMC repair (gestational age at birth 32.68 ± 3.42 weeks, range 24–38 weeks; 15 females and 20 males). A logistic regression analysis was used to classify patients to determine the need for CSF diversion surgery. The model performance was compared between using the frontooccipital horn ratio (FOHR) alone and using the FOHR combined with DTI values (the genu of the corpus callosum [gCC] and the posterior limb of the internal capsule [PLIC]). For patients who needed to be treated surgically, timing of the procedure was used as the clinical outcome to test the predictive value of DTI acquired prior to surgery based on a linear regression analysis. RESULTS Significantly lower fractional anisotropy (FA) values in the gCC (p = 0.014) and PLIC (p = 0.037) and higher mean diffusivity (MD) values in the gCC (p = 0.013) were found in patients who required CSF diversion surgery compared with those who did not require surgery (all p values adjusted for age). Based on the logistic regression analysis, the FOHR alone showed an accuracy of performance of 0.69 and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.60. The performance of the model was higher when DTI measures were used in the logistic regression model (accuracy = 0.77, AUC = 0.84 for using DTI values in gCC; accuracy = 0.75, AUC = 0.84 for using DTI values in PLIC). Combining the DTI values of the gCC or PLIC and FOHR did not improve the model performance when compared with using the DTI values alone. In patients who needed CSF diversion surgery, significant correlation was found between DTI values in the gCC and the time interval between imaging and surgery (FA: ρ = 0.625, p = 0.022; MD: ρ = −0.6830, p = 0.010; both adjusted for age and FOHR). CONCLUSIONS The authors’ data demonstrated that DTI could potentially serve as an objective biomarker differentiating patients after prenatal MMC repair regarding those who may require surgery for MMC-associated hydrocephalus. The predictive value for the need and timing of CSF diversion surgery is highly clinically relevant for improving and optimizing decision-making for the treatment of hydrocephalus in this patient population.
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Gurin, E. I., L. E. Dyatlov, N. N. Konnov, K. V. Popov, and A. V. Sevast'yanov. "A Vernier Time-Interval Measurer on a PLIC." Instruments and Experimental Techniques 47, no. 4 (2004): 459–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:inet.0000038388.84416.36.
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Saincher, Shaswat, and Jyotirmay Banerjee. "A Redistribution-Based Volume-Preserving PLIC-VOF Technique." Numerical Heat Transfer, Part B: Fundamentals 67, no. 4 (2014): 338–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10407790.2014.950078.
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Satheesan, Arun Puliyasserimana, Ashwini R. Chinnappa, Guruprasad Goudar, and Chaitali Raghoji. "Correlation between early magnetic resonance imaging brain abnormalities in term infants with perinatal asphyxia and neuro developmental outcome at one year." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 7, no. 10 (2020): 1957. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20204002.
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Background: Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy is an important cause of permanent brain damage in neonates with perinatal asphyxia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is valuable in predicting prognosis following HIE.Methods: Prospective observational cohort study was conducted in tertiary level referral hospital in term infants born with perinatal asphyxia. MRI brain was done between 5 to 14 days of age. Anthropometry and neurological examinations were recorded at birth, discharge and follow-up. Denver developmental screening test II was performed at follow up.Results: Out of 174 neonates born with PA, enrolled 64 underwent MRI brain. Out of these 14% had stage I, 70% stage II and 16 % stage III HIE as per Sarnat staging. At follow up, abnormalities in tone were noted in 36% infants, which included spastic quadriplegia in 34% and atonic cerebral palsy in 2%. DDST II was normal in 32 and suspect in 18 (36%) infants; with global developmental delay in 14 (28%) and predominantly motor development delay in 4 (8%). Abnormal lesions were seen in the corpus callosum in 34 (68%), posterior limb of internal capsule in 14 (28%), basal ganglia in 11 (22%), watershed region in 6 (12%), thalamus in 4 (8%) and corticospinal tract in 1 (2%) infants were associated with statistical significant poor neurodevelopment outcome p<0.05. Diffusion weighted MRI showed abnormalities in the posterior limb of internal capsule (PLIC) in 27 (54%), BG in 8 (16%) and thalamus in 2 (4%) infants was associated with statistically significant poor neurodevelopmental outcome (NDO) (p<0.05).Conclusions: Lesion in BG, thalamic region and PLIC in conventional MRI and abnormality in DW imaging in PLIC and BG were found to correlate with poor NDO at one year of life.
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Xing, Qing-Na, Yan-Chao Liu, De-Sheng Xuan, Hong-Lei Shang, Xin Zhao, and Xiao-An Zhang. "Diagnostic Value of Diffusion Tensor Imaging for Infants’ Brain Development Retardation Caused by Pre-Eclampsia." Contrast Media & Molecular Imaging 2021 (July 15, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5545178.
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Objective. Pre-eclampsia (PE) can cause brain development delay in infants. This work aims to characterize the pattern differences of brain white matter development in premature infants under PE conditions and those without. Methods. Eighty preterm infants delivered by women with PE were selected as the PE group, and ninety-six preterm infants of the same period born to women without high-risk perinatal factors were used as control. All infants underwent diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) examination. The fractional anisotropy (FA) was measured in five regions of interests (ROIs), including posterior limbs of internal capsule (PLIC), splenium of the corpus callosum (SCC), superior frontal gyrus (SFG), superior parietal lobule (SPL), and superior occipital gyrus (SOG). The relationship between the FA values and postmenstrual age (PMA) was analyzed. Results. After adjusting for the birth weight and gestational ages, in the SCC and PLIC, the PMA and FA values showed a low-to-medium intensity positive correlation in the control group (r = 0.30, p = 0.003 ; r = 0.53, p < 0.0001 ), while no positive relevance was detected in the PE group (r = 0.08, p = 0.47 ; r = 0.19, p < 0.08 ). In the PE and control groups, in the SPL and SOG, the PMA and FA values showed a near-consistent positive correlation (r = 0.57, r = 0.55 vs. r = 0.31, r = 0.55; all p < 0.05 ). In the control group, in SFG, the PMA and FA values had a medium intensity positive correlation (r = 0.47, p < 0.0001 ), but there was no statistical difference in correlation in PE (r = 0.10, p = 0.39 ). Conclusion. PE may cause lagging brain development in the SCC, PLIC, and SFG during infancy. DTI may be an effective and sensitive detection tool.
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Mora-Cross, Maria Auxiliadora, Manuel Vargas, and William Ulate. "Sharing Species Pages through Living Atlases using Plinian Core: Current state and new developments." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 6 (September 12, 2022): e94718. https://doi.org/10.3897/biss.6.94718.
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Living Atlases (living-atlases.gbif.org) is a community of developers and organizations built around the software platform developed by the Atlas of Living Australia (ALA, ala.org.au). ALA includes a number of open source reusable modules designed to assemble biodiversity data portals. Nowadays, more than 25 institutional and national biodiversity portals around the world have been implemented with the ALA tools (living-atlases.gbif.org/participants). The community organizes workshops and prepares training materials to present ALA modules to other institutions that want to implement it, to improve already existing portals and to learn from each other's achievements (living-atlases.gbif.org/about). ALA based portals integrate data from multiple sources using biodiversity data standards ruled by TDWG, such as Darwin Core for species occurrences. The Living Atlases community is working in the integration of other data types, like species records and sampling events.Plinian Core (PliC) is a generalistic specification, oriented to share descriptions and nomenclature, as well as many other aspects (e.g. legal, conservation, and management details) of species level information from local and regional sources (Pando 2018). Following several years of development and earlier versions, PliC version 3.1 was made publicly available in 2012. The following year, after the approval of the "Species Information Interest Group'' by the TDWG Executive, a TDWG Task Group was created to start aligning Plinian Core with the TDWG Standards Documentation Standard (SDS). Several full-fledged implementations of Plinian Core were produced, between 2014 and 2019, including the Atlas of Living Costa Rica (CRBio.cr), the Cross-Nature Project (datos.iepnb.es), the Vasque Country (Spain) Official Nature Information System (ivap.euskadi.eus), the Colombian Biodiversity Catalog (catalogo.biodiversidad.co) and Enciclovida (Mexican Species Catalog, enciclovida.mx). These last three years, the Plinian Core Task Group has reviewed definitions of terms and formal declarations, assisted by the TDWG Technical Architecture Group (TAG), with the objective of ratifying PliC as a TDWG Standard.One of the most used tools to share standardized biodiversity data is the GBIF Integrated Publishing Toolkit (IPT, gbif.org/en/ipt). The IPT is an open source web application that allows institutions to standardize, to publish and share biodiversity data sets through Living Atlases, GBIF, and other biodiversity networks. The toolkit simplifies the process of publishing core data types (e.g. taxon occurrence, taxon checklists, sampling event) and, by means of extensions, it is possible to associate additional data with records of the core type. As part of our project, the extensions of PliC, accessible in the IPT Sandbox, were validated to show how they can be used by institutions to publish species pages through the IPT.In order to fully integrate Plinian Core based species pages into the ALA architecture, the Biodiversity Informatics Research Center (CRBio) has been working on the adoption of the Biodiversity Information Explorer (BIE), an ALA module which manages taxonomic and species contents by integrating global resources like EOL or Wikipedia. This adoption includes the required modifications of the Portal codebase to use the data model of the Plinian Core (github.com/tdwg/PlinianCore) to display a much richer content. This year, with assistance from the Capacity Enhancement Support Programme (CESP) from GBIF, we have revisited the integration of species pages information and expanded the content and type of information provided by the Atlas of Living Costa Rica.We present here the updated ALA Species Pages (ALA-BIE) and Index (BIE-Index) Modules and general documentation that could be applied to any ALA installation in order to prepare species records using the IPT and PliC standard, index and display them through the ALA-BIE Module.
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Kociánová, Jana. "Spirometry - basic examination of the lung function." Vnitřní lékařství 63, no. 11 (2017): 889–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.36290/vnl.2017.162.
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Pešek, Miloš. "New WHO classification of lung tumours." Onkologie 10, no. 1 (2016): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.36290/xon.2016.002.
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Zemanová, Milada. "Advances in radiotherapy for lung cancer." Onkologie 12, no. 4 (2018): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.36290/xon.2018.029.
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Ambroz, Petr, Jana Janoutová, and Vladimír Janout. "Lung Cancer and HPV Infections." Hygiena 61, no. 4 (2016): 172–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21101/hygiena.a1460.
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Malý, Michal. "Lung and chest ultrasound." Intervenční a akutní kardiologie 23, no. 1 (2024): 14–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.36290/kar.2024.009.
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Heir, Renu, Celine Ablasou, Emilie Dumontier, Meghan Elliott, Christine Fagotto‐Kaufmann, and Fiona K. Bedford. "The UBL domain of PLIC‐1 regulates aggresome formation." EMBO reports 7, no. 12 (2006): 1252–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.embor.7400823.
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Nahed, Jean, and Joseph Dgheim. "Estimation curvature in PLIC-VOF method for interface advection." Heat and Mass Transfer 56, no. 3 (2019): 773–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00231-019-02737-4.
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Mencinger, Jure, and Iztok Žun. "A PLIC–VOF method suited for adaptive moving grids." Journal of Computational Physics 230, no. 3 (2011): 644–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcp.2010.10.010.
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Leysen, S., J. M. Van Herreweghe, L. Callewaert, et al. "Molecular Basis of Bacterial Defense against Host Lysozymes: X-ray Structures of Periplasmic Lysozyme Inhibitors PliI and PliC." Journal of Molecular Biology 405, no. 5 (2011): 1233–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2010.12.007.
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Peng, Syu-Jyun, Tomor Harnod, Jang-Zern Tsai, et al. "Through Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Evaluate the Original Properties of Neural Pathways of Patients with Partial Seizures and Secondary Generalization by Individual Anatomic Reference Atlas." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/419376.
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To investigate white matter (WM) abnormalities in neocortical epilepsy, we extract supratentorial WM parameters from raw tensor magnetic resonance images (MRI) with automated region-of-interest (ROI) registrations. Sixteen patients having neocortical seizures with secondarily generalised convulsions and 16 age-matched normal subjects were imaged with high-resolution and diffusion tensor MRIs. Automated demarcation of supratentorial fibers was accomplished with personalized fiber-labeled atlases. From the individual atlases, we observed significant elevation of mean diffusivity (MD) in fornix (cres)/stria terminalis (FX/ST) and sagittal stratum (SS) and a significant difference in fractional anisotropy (FA) among FX/ST, SS, posterior limb of the internal capsule (PLIC), and posterior thalamic radiation (PTR). For patients with early-onset epilepsy, the diffusivities of the SS and the retrolenticular part of the internal capsule were significantly elevated, and the anisotropies of the FX/ST and SS were significantly decreased. In the drug-resistant subgroup, the MDs of SS and PTR and the FAs of SS and PLIC were significantly different. Onset age was positively correlated with increases in FAs of the genu of the corpus callosum. Patients with neocortical seizures and secondary generalisation had microstructural anomalies in WM. The changes in WM are relevant to early onset, progression, and severity of epilepsy.
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Ahmadi-Pour, Sallar, Mathis Logemann, Vladimir Herdt, and Rolf Drechsler. "Synergistic Verification of Hardware Peripherals through Virtual Prototype Aided Cross-Level Methodology Leveraging Coverage-Guided Fuzzing and Co-Simulation." Chips 2, no. 3 (2023): 195–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chips2030012.
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In this paper, we propose a Virtual Prototype (VP) driven verification methodology for Hardware (HW) peripherals. In particular, we combine two approaches that complement each other and use the VP as a readily available reference model: We use (A) Coverage-Guided Fuzzing (CGF) which enables comprehensive verification at the unit-level of the Register-Transfer Level (RTL) HW peripheral with a Transaction Level Modeling (TLM) reference, and (B) an application-driven co-simulation-based approach that enables verification of the HW peripheral at the system-level. As a case-study, we utilize a RISC-V Platform Level Interrupt Controller (PLIC) as HW peripheral and use an abstract TLM PLIC implementation from the open source RISC-V VP as the reference model. In our experiments we find three behavioral mismatches and discuss the observation of these, as well as non-functional timing behavior mismatches, that were found through the proposed synergistic approach. Furthermore, we provide a discussion and considerations on the RTL/TLM Transactors, as they embody one keystone in cross-level methods. As the different approaches uncover different mismatches in our case-study (e.g., behavioral mismatches and timing mismatches), we conclude a synergy between the methods to aid in verification efforts.
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Pešek, Miloš. "Current treatment options for squamous cell carcinoma of the lung." Onkologie 12, no. 4 (2018): 161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.36290/xon.2018.030.
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Havel, Libor. "Long-term control of generalized lung cancer with pembrolizumab." Onkologie 14, Suppl.G (2021): 171–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.36290/xon.2020.099.
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Špirudová, Lenka, and Jaroslav Nol. "Quality of life of patients after lung transplantation." Kontakt 16, no. 1 (2014): e9-e16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.kontakt.2013.12.002.
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Deng, Lijing, Kai Chen, Liu Yang, Zhaoxu Deng, and Haijun Zheng. "Different Effects of Hematoma Expansion on Short-Term Functional Outcome in Basal Ganglia and Thalamic Hemorrhages." BioMed Research International 2021 (October 25, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9233559.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose. To investigate the impact of hematoma expansion (HE) on short-term functional outcome of patients with thalamic and basal ganglia intracerebral hemorrhage. Methods. Data of 420 patients with deep intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) that received a baseline CT scan within 6 hours from symptom onset and a follow-up CT scan within 72 hours were retrospectively analyzed. The poor functional outcome was defined as modified Rankin score mRS > 3 at 30 days. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for relative and absolute growth of HE were generated and compared. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to analyze the impact of HE on the functional outcome in basal ganglia and thalamic hemorrhages. The predictive values for different thresholds of HE were calculated, and correlation coefficient matrices were used to explore the correlation between the covariables. Results. Basal ganglia ICH showed a higher possibility of absolute hematoma growth than thalamic ICH. The area under the curve (AUC) for absolute and relative growth of thalamic hemorrhage was lower than that of basal ganglia hemorrhage (AUC 0.71 and 0.67, respectively) in discriminating short-term poor outcome with an AUC of 0.59 and 0.60, respectively. Each threshold of HE independently predicted poor outcome in basal ganglia ICH ( P < 0.001 ), with HE > 3 ml and > 6 ml showing higher positive predictive values and accuracy compared to HE > 33 % . In contrast, thalamic ICH had a smaller baseline volume (BV, 9.55 ± 6.85 ml ) and was more likely to initially involve the posterior limb of internal capsule (PLIC) (85/153, 57.82%), and the risk of HE was lower without PLIC involvement (4.76%, P = 0.009 ). Therefore, in multivariate analysis, the effect of thalamic HE on poor prognosis was largely replaced by BV and the involvement of PLIC, and the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of HE was not significant ( P > 0.05 ). Conclusion. Though HE is a high-risk factor for short-term poor functional outcome, it is not an independent risk factor in thalamic ICH, and absolute growth is more predictive of poor outcome than relative growth for basal ganglia ICH.